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INTERIOR   OF   ST.    HELEN'S,    AS   RESTORED,    A.D.    18G5-8. 


THE   ANNALS 
/rut 


OF 


ST.  HELEN'S,  BISHOPSGATE, 


LONDON. 


EDITED  BY  THE 


REV.    JOHN    EDMUND    COX,    D.D. 

(OF  ALL   SOULS'   COLLEGE,    OXFORD), 
VICAR    IN   CHARGE. 


LONDON: 
TINSLEY  BROTHERS,  8,  CATHEEINE  STREET,   STRAND, 

1876. 

[AU  rights  of  Translation  and  Reproduction  firr  reserved.} 


ii  ' 


I 


TO 

THE   MOST  WORSHIPFUL    THE    MASTER,  WARDENS, 
AND   COURT   OF  ASSISTANTS 

01? 

THE     GUILD     OF     MERCHANT     TAYLORS', 
THIS    VOLUME, 

ENTITLED 

"THE   ANNALS    OF    ST.    HELEN'S,   BISHOPSGATE," 

PREPARED    BY    THEIR    DESIRE, 

AND    ASSISTED,    AS    TO    PUBLICATION,    BY  THEIR    LIBERALITY, 
IS 


BY    THEIR 
TRULY    OBLIGED    AND    FAITHFUL    SERVANT, 

JOHN    EDMUND    COX,   D.D. 

Vicar  in  Charge  of  the  United  Parish  tffSt.  Helen's,  BisJiopsgate, 
and  St.  Martin  Outwich. 


PREFACE. 


DURING  the  twenty-seven  years  of  my  connection  with  the  parish  of 
St.  Helen's,,  Bishopsgate,  first  as  the  incumbent  of  that  parish,  and 
now  as  "  Vicar  in  charge/'  since  its  union  by  her  Majesty's  Order 
in  Council,  May  5th,  1873,  with  the  adjacent  parish  of  St.  Martin 
Outwich,  it  has  been  a  desire  on  my  part  to  give  to  the  world  an 
account  of  the  considerable  historical  interest  with  which  its  ancient 
Church  and  surroundings  must  ever  be  associated.  The  difficulties 
of  fulfilling  that  desire  had,  however,  been  found  to  be  insuperable 
until  the  Merchant  Taylors'  Company — now  the  patrons  of  the 
United  Parish,  as  they  have  been  from  time  immemorial  of  St. 
Martin  Outwich — encouraged  me  to  undertake  the  task,  which  I 
was  well  aware  would  be  one  of  difficulty,  but  of  the  full  amount  of 
which  I  had  formed  but  a  very  inadequate  idea  previously  to  my 
attempt  to  overcome  it ;  and  but  that  the  researches  of  the  late  Mr. 
William  Meade  Williams,  a  former  parishioner  well  known  for  his 
antiquarian  and  archaeological  attainments,  were  most  liberally  and 
considerately  placed  at  my  disposal  by  his  son,  I  have  no  hesitation 
in  saying  that  I  must  have  withdrawn  from  the  task  on  its  imme- 
diate commencement,  in  despair  of  ever  being  able  to  accomplish 
it.  Mr.  William  Meade  Williams's  researches — the  result  of  a 
long  and  well- spent  life — are  incorporated  in  two  thick  quarto 
volumes,  each  of  which  has  been  elaborately  illustrated  by  an  im- 
mense collection  of  engravings,  obtained  after  much  trouble  and 
at  considerable  outlay.  Inasmuch,  however,  as  the  literary  matter 
in  those  volumes  was  not  intended,  or  prepared,  with  a  view  to 
publication,  although  brimful  of  information,  its  numerous  details 
required  careful  examination,  patient  research,  and  almost  entire 


vi  Preface. 

reconstruction.  Very  nearly  two  years  have  been  spent  in  the 
effort  to  bring  this  invaluable  "  rude  matter  into  due  form ;"  and 
it  is  now  presented  both  to  the  Worshipful  Company  of  Merchant 
Taylors  and  the  public,  in  the  hope  that,  "  with  all  its  imperfec- 
tions on  its  head,"  it  may  be  received  with  some  amount  of  favour, 
and  with  the  admission  that  the  subject  itself  is  not  unworthy  of 
the  pains  that  have  been  taken  to  make  it  generally  acceptable. 

Of  the  pre-Reformation  History  of  the  Parish  of  St.  Helen's, 
Bishopsgate,  nothing  more  remains  than  is  incorporated  in  the 
first  chapter  of  this  work.  Had  there  been  more  information 
extant  to  throw  light  upon  the  nearly  three  centuries'  existence 
of  the  Convent  and  Parish  Church  of  St.  Helen's  prior  to 
that  period,  it  is  impossible  that  it  could  have  escaped  the  un- 
wearied investigation  and  patient  research  of  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Hugo,  M.A.,  F.S.A. — one  of  the  most  accomplished  antiquaries 
and  archaeologists  of  his  time.  That  gentleman  had  also  the 
advantage  of  being  assisted  by  the  late  Dr.  Black  in  his  inves- 
tigations— an  authority  of  the  very  highest  repute ;  but  nothing 
more  could  be  discovered  by  either  of  those  painstaking  examiners 
than  will  be  found  embodied  in  a  paper,  read  by  the  former 
gentleman  eleven  years  ago  before  the  Archaeological  Society, 
of  which  I  have  availed  myself,  with  his  full  consent.  And 
here  I  would  tender  to  Mr.  Hugo  my  very  best  thanks  for 
the  abundant  means  he  has  afforded  for  lightening  my  labours, 
and  assisting  my  researches ;  for  without  his  exhaustive  paper — 
which  hitherto  has  had  but  a  limited  circulation— I  should 
scarcely  have  known  where  to  turn  for  much  of  the  information 
he  had  so  abundantly  and  adequately  supplied.  To  many  other 
friends  I  must  also  offer  my  warmest  acknowledgments  both  for 
advice  and  assistance,  but  to  no  one  of  them  more  so  than  to 
Charles  Mathew  Clode,  Esq.,  one  of  the  members,  and  a  late  Master 
of  the  Merchant  Taylors'  Company,  and  the  accomplished  author 
of  "  Memorials  of  the  Guild  of  Merchant  Taylors  in  the  City  of 
London,  &c. ;"  to  J.  B.  Monckton,  Esq.,  Town  Clerk  of  the  Cor- 
poration of  the  City  of  London,  by  whose  permission  and  aid  I 


Preface.  vii 

have    been    permitted  to   furnish  a  copy  of  the  will  of  Adam 
Fraunces,  preserved  in  the  archives  of  the  Town  Clerk's  office, 
and  never  before  printed;   to  Mr.   H.  C.  Overall,  of  the  same 
office,   by   whom   that   will  has   been    deciphered    and    copied; 
to  Mr.  Tedder,  the  Librarian  of  the  Athenajum  Club ;  to  Mr. 
Williams,  to  whose  liberality  and  co-operation  I  have   already 
referred;  to  Col.  Joseph  L.  Chester,  who  had  previously  collated 
the  Parish  Registers;  and  to  Messrs.  Wadmore  and  Baker,  of 
Great  St.  Helen's,  the  architects  of  the  Restoration  of  St.  Helen's, 
1865-8,  by  whom  the  architectural  details  of  the  Church  have 
been  supplied,  and  from  whom  the  frontispiece  of  the  interior  has 
been  obtained.     I  should  also  be  greatly  wanting  in  gratitude 
were  I  not  to  acknowledge  the  invaluable  information  concerning 
the  Caesar  family,  which,  unsolicited  on  my  part,  was  most  kindly 
afforded   me   by   Miss  Cottrell- Dormer,  of  Danes-Dyke,  Flam- 
borough.     That   lady,  being  herself  descended   from  the  Caesar 
family,  and  having  accidentally  heard  of  the  work  I  had  in  hand, 
at  once  communicated  the  valuable  information  for  my  use,  which 
will  be  found  under  the  narrative  of  Sir  Julius  Caesar  Adelmare, 
and  his  descendants. 

JOHN  EDMUND  Cox,  D.D. 


ST.  HELEN'S,  BISHOPSGATE, 
October  9th,  1876. 


TABLE    OF    CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  I. 

Birth  and  character  of  St.  Helena — Finding  of  the  true  Cross — First 
Roman  Colony  in  Britain — Edmund  the  Martyr — Priory  of  St. 
Helen's — Foundation  of  Priory — William  Basing's  Will — Kent- 
wode's  Constitutions — Directions  to  Prioress  and  Convent — Dancing 
and  Revelling  forbidden — Names  of  Three  Prioresses — Will  of 
Elizabeth  Rollesley — Court  of  Augmentations — Thomas  Cromwell- 
Common  Seal  of  St.  Helen's — Demise  of  Reginald  Goodman — Leases 
of  Tenements — "  Valor"  of  Ecclesiastical  Property — Thomas  Benolt, 
Clarenceux  Herald — Sundry  Grants  of  Property — Anthony  Bon- 
vixi,  Merchant — John  Rollesley's  Annuity — Grants  of  Sundry 
Annuities — Annuities  and  Leases — Last  Act  of  the  Prioress  and 
Convent  —  Edward  Alleyne  —  Adam  Fraunces  —  Cardinal  Pole's 
Pension  Book — Survey  of  the  King's  Officers — Site  of  the  Priory — 
Plan  of  Buildings — Curious  Hagioscope — Grant  of  the  Site — Lease  of 
Crosby  Place — Surrender  of  Priory — Leathersellers1  Company — 
Ancient  Crypts pp.  1 — 37 

CHAPTER   II. 

St.  Helen's  Church — The  Parish  and  Convent  Churches — Architectural 
Details — Merchant  Taylors'  Company — The  Nuns'  Grate — Sir  John 
Lawrence — Church  Windows — Coats  of  Arms  ...  pp.  38 — 45 

CHAPTER   III. 

Tithes  and  Impropriators  of  St.  Helen's — Pope  Nicholas  IV. — Advowson 
of  Vicarage — Grant  by  Queen  Elizabeth — Michael  and  Edward  Stan- 
hope— Sir  John  Langham — Appeal  to  the  House  of  Lords — The 
Macdougall  Family — Ministers,  Curates,  and  Lecturers  of  St.  Helen's, 
from  A.D.  1571  to  A.D.  1876 pp.  46 — 56 


Table  of  Contents. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

Monuments  and  their  Uses — Robinson  and  Kerwin  Monuments — Dame 
Abigail  Lawrence — Francis  Bancroft — Smith  and  Kuhff — Captain 
Martin  Bond — William  and  Esther  Finch — Bond,  "  Flos  mercatorum," 
and  Drax — Sir  Thomas  Gresham — Sir  Andrew  Judd — Sir  William 
Pickering — Sir  John  and  Lady  Crosby — Sir  Julius  Caesar  Adelmare — 
Sir  John  and  Lady  Spencer — Alderman  Bernard  and  Gervash 
Reresby  —  Alderman  Chambrelan  —  Monumental  Brasses — Benolte, 
Windsor  Herald pp.  57 — 74 

CHAPTER  V. 

Benefactors — Robinson  and  Fenner  Gifts— Prior's  Bequest — Cicely 
CyolTs  Will — Abraham  Chambrelan— Sir  Martin  Lumley — The 
.  Lumley  Lectureship — Robinson  and  Fenner  Gifts — Joyce  Featly — 
Daniel  Williams — Bond,  Langham,  and  Try  on — Sundry  Bequests — 
Mary  Clapham's  Will — Baker,  Roe,  and  Dingley  Bequests — Christ's 
Hospital — The  latest  Bequest pp.  75 — 89 

CHAPTER  VI. 
Marriage,  Baptism,  and  Burial  Registers pp.  90 — 99 

CHAPTER  VII. 

Vestry  Records  from  A.D.  1558  to  A.D.  1812 — Extracts  from  Church 
Wardens'  Accounts,  &c pp.  100—226 

CHAPTER   VIII. 

"  Worthies"  connected  with  St.  Helen's— Sir  John  Crosby — John  Leven- 
thorpe — Sir  William  Holies— Richard  Williams — Thomas  Benolte — • 
Antonio  Bonvixi — Nicholas  Harpsfield — Sir  Andrew  Judde — Sir 
William  Pickering — Sir  John  Spencer — Daniel  Featley — Sir  Thomas 
Gresham — Caesar  Adelmare — The  Caesar  Family — Matthew  and 
Alberigo  Gentilis — Edward  Brerewood — Peter  Maunsell — Richard 
Ball  —  Arthur  Barham  —  Thomas  Horton — Jonathan  Goddard — 
Robert  Hooke — Sir  Martin  Lumley — Sir  John  Langham — Sir  John 
Lawrence — Sir  Philip  Boteler — Sir  John  Eyles,  Sen. — Sir  Francis 
Eyles— Sir  John  Eyles,  Jun pp.  227—328 


Table  of  Contents.  xi 


CHAPTER  IX. 

Crosby  Place  —  Richard,  Duke  of  Gloucester,  Lord  Protector,  and 
afterwards  King — Sir  Bartholomew  Read — Antonio  Bonvixi — German 
Cioll  —  Alderman  Bond — Divers  Ambassadors  Resident  —  Crosby 
House  a  prison  for  the  Royalists  in  the  Civil  Wars — Sir  John 
Langham — Appropriated  to  Nonconformists  in  the  Reign  of  Charles  II. 
— Bernard  Edward  Howard,  15th  Duke  of  Norfolk — Crosby  Hall  a 
Warehouse  of  the  East  India  Company — Messrs.  Holmes  and  Hall — 
Restoration  of  the  Hall — Alderman  Copeland — Miss  Hackett 

pp.  329 — 337 

CHAPTER  X. 

Nonconformist  Divines,  Occupants   of  Crosby  Hall,  from   A.D.  1662  to 
A.D.  176- pp.  338—358 

APPENDIX. 

Basing's  Will — Benedictine  Rules  —  Kentwode's  Constitutions  —  Adam 
Fraunces'  Will — Restoration,  1865-8 — London  Tithes  Acts — Special 
Commission — Queen  Anne's  Bounty — The  Advowson  of  St.  Helen's 
— William  Bond — Thomas  Benolte — Mayor  of  the  Staple — Merchant 
Adventurers — Sir  Thomas  Gre  sham's  Will — Gresham  College  Act- 
Francis  Bancroft's  Will — St.  Martin  Outwich  and  St.  Antholin 

pp.  359—436 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Interior  of  St.  Helen's  as  restored,  A,D.  1866-8  .....  Frontispiece 
Seal  of  the  Convent  of  St.  Helen's    ......  Title-page  and  Cover 

Plan  of  St  Helen's,  Conventual  Buildings,  &c Page  31 

Kuins  of  "  St.  Helen's  Nunnery,"  A.D.  1799 34 

The  Crypt  of  "  St.  Helen's  Nunnery,"  destroyed  A.D.  1799  ...       36 

Plan  of  Nunnery 37 

West  Front,  St.  Helen's,  A.D.  1806 38 

Monument  of  John  Eobinson,  A.D.  1609 59 

Monument  of  Martin  Bond,  A.D.  1643       .     .     •. 63 

Monument  of  William  Bond,  A.D.  1576      .     .     . 64 

Monument  of  Sir  Andrew  Judde,  A.D.  1558 66 

Monument  of  Sir  William  Pickering,  A.D   1574 67 

Monument  of  Sir  John  and  Lady  Crosby,  A.D.  1475 68 

Monument  of  Sir  Julius  Csesar  Adelmare,  A.D.  1634 69 

Monument  of  Sir  John  and  Lady  Spencer,  A.D.  1609 70 

Plan  of  the  Church  of  St.  Helen's 


ERRATA. 


Page    6.  Foot-note*,  for  "  Monascon,"  read  "  Monasticon." 

„  11.  Dele  from  "Reynold  Kentwode,  Dean  of  .St.  Paul's,"  to  "at  the  end  of 
this  volume" — this  paragraph  having  been  retained  in  the  text  by  an 
oversight. 

„    41.  Foot  note*,  for  "  Kirman,"  read  "  Kirkman." 

„    59.  Headline,  for  "  Kirwin,"  read  "  Kerwin." 

„    59.  Line  9,  for  "  Thon  Robinson,"  read  "  Jhon  Robinson." 

„  265.  Line  9,  for  "  March  30,"  read  "  March  3." 

„  301.  Foot  note,  line  25,  for  "  Charles,"  read  "  Henry." 


ANNALS 


OF 


ST.   HELEN'S,    BISHOPSGATE, 


WITHIN   THE 


CITY    OF    LONDON. 


CHAPTER  I. 

TRADITION  reports  that  ST.  HELENA,  the  patron  saint  of  this 
Church,  was  born  at  Colchester  A.D.  £42,  and  was  the  daughter  of 
Coel  II.,  Prince  of  Britain  and  king  of  that  district.  Having  revolted 
against  the  Romans,  Constantius  Chlorus,  the  Roman  general  then 
in  Spain,  who  was  afterwards  Emperor,  was  sent  to  reduce  Coel  to 
obedience,  and  for  that  end  besieged  Colchester.  After  some  time 
the  siege  was  raised,  and  on  Constantius  betrothing  Helen,  from  that 
marriage  was  born,  in  the  year  265,  Constantino,  the  first  Roman 
Emperor  who  made  public  profession  of  the  Christian  religion  and 
protected  and  encouraged  it  by  wholesome  laws.  His  father  had 
secretly  favoured  the  Christians  and  retarded  the  persecution  against 
them,  but  Constantine  declared  himself  their  protector,  and  jointly 
with  Licinius  published  an  edict  in  their  favour  at  Milan,  A.D.  313. 
Helena  was  considered  the  most  beautiful  -woman  of  her  time, 
was  extremely  well  skilled  in  music,  and  adorned  with  many  other 
accomplishments.  Her  father  having  no  other  child  had  caused  her 
to  be  educated  in  such  a  manner  as  might  best  fit  her  to  govern. 
Withal  she  was  a  woman  of  great  charity  and  piety,  and  although  it 
has  been  stated  that  she  gave  her  son  a  Christian  education,  we  are 
assured  by  Baronius,'*  upon,  as  he  reports,  the  authority  of  Euse- 
bius,  that  she  herself  was  indebted  to  Constantine  for  her  conversion 
to  Christianity.  At  the  advanced  age  of  eighty,  being  desirous  of 
visiting  the  place  where  our  Saviour  had  suffered,  she  is  reported 


Annal.  Eccl.,  Tom.  iii.  p.  594.     Ed.  Lucse,  1738. 


2  Finding  of  the  True  Cross. 

to  have  made  a  voyage  to  the  Holy  Land,  and,  during  her  journey, 
to  have  dispensed  very  considerable  benefactions  to  many  persons, 
towns,  and  societies.  Finding  that  the  heathens  (offended  at  the 
superstitious  veneration  paid  to  the  place  of  our  Saviour's  burial) 
had  covered  the  tomb  with  earth,  and  erected  over  it  a  temple  dedi- 
cated to  Venus,  she  ordered  that  building  to  be  demolished  and  the 
earth  to  be  removed  in  order  to  build  there  a  magnificent  church, 
and  by  the  eager  desire  and  fervent  piety  of  those  who  laboured  in 
the  work  of  preparing  the  place  for  the  foundation,  on  May  3,  319, 
three  crosses  are  said  to  have  been  discovered  deeply  buried  in  the 
ground,  being  those  on  which  the  Redeemer  and  the  two  thieves  were 
crucified,  as  also  the  tablet  whereon  Pilate  had  written  that  Christ 
was  crucified  King  of  the  Jews !  The  true  cross  is  reported  to  have 
been  selected  by  the  miraculous  power  it  displayed  of  restoring  the 
dead  to  life.  The  corpse  of  a  female  some  time  deceased  was 
placed  alternately  upon  the  three  crosses.  The  two  first  that  were 
tried  produced  no  effect,  but  the  third  instantly  raised  the  body  to 
a  state  of  reanimation  !  The  true  cross  being  thus  discovered  was 
divided  and  subdivided  into  innumerable  fragments,  so  that  the 
pieces  thus  distributed  amounted  to  treble  the  quantity  of  wood 
contained  in  the  original ;  yet,  through  some  holy  miracle  it  was 
said  to  have  remained  entire  and  unimpaired  !  Some  of  the  frag- 
ments were  encased  in  gold,  and  some  in  gems,  and  conveyed  to 
Europe,  the  principal  portion  being  left  in  the  charge  of  the  Bishop 
of  Jerusalem,  who  exhibited  it  annually  at  Easter  until  Chosroes, 
King  of  Persia,  plundered  that  city  and  took  away  the  holy  relic. 
The  cross  was  subsequently  recovered  and  solemnly  deposited  in 
the  great  church  of  the  Twelve  Apostles,  at  Constantinople  !* 

St.  Helena  having  built  a  gorgeous  church  over  the  sepulchre, 
and  called  it  New  Jerusalem,  then  erected  a  second  at  Bethlehem, 
where  Christ  was  born,  as  also  a  third  church  upon  the  Mount  of 
Olives,  whence  Christ  ascended  to  the  Father.  Many  things  she 
gave  to  churches  and  to  poor  people,  and,  after  a  godly  and  religious 
life,  died  at  Rome  in  the  arms  of  her  son,  Aug.  18,  A.D.  327,  where 
her  festival  is  kept  yearly  on  that  day. 

Richard,  the  Monk  of  Westminster,  in  writing  of  Britain  says, 
"  Our  arrangement  brings  us  to  that  province  which  was  called  by 


*  Clavis  Calendaria,  i.  340 ;  ii.  155, 


First  Roman  Colony  in  Britain.  3 

the  Romans  f  Flavia/  but  whence  it  received  that  name,  whether 
from  Flavia  Julia  Helena,  the  mother  of  Constantine  the  Great, 
who  was  born  at  this  place,  or  from  the  Roman  family  of  the  Elavii, 
length  of  time  prevents  us  from  determining,  which  also  prevents 
our  firm  conviction  in  the  truth  of  certain  things  which  monuments 
of  antiquity  would  indicate. — Near  the  Cassii  where  the  Thames 
flows  into  the  ocean  was  the  country  of  the  Trinobantes,  a  people, 
who  not  only  placed  themselves  of  their  own  accord  under  the 
friendship  of  the  Romans,  but  also  proposed  to  them  to  colonize 
their  metropolis  London  and  Maldon,  which  were  situate  near  the 
sea.  They  say  that  in  this  city  (London)  was  born  Flavia  Julia 
Helena,  the  most  pious  wife  of  Constantius  Chlorus  and  the  mother 
of  Constantine  the  Great,  being  descended  from  the  Kings  of 
Britain.  This  also  was  the  first  of  the  Roman  colonies  in  Britain, 
and  was  renowned  for  the  temple  of  Claudius,  the  image  of 
Victory,  &c.  London  was  first  called  Trinovantum,  afterwards 
Augusta,  and  then  London  again.  According  to  old  chronicles  it 
is  of  greater  antiquity  than  Rome.  It  was  fortified  by  the  most 
pious  Empress  Helena,  the  most  holy  discoverer  of  the  cross  " 
Stow  also  states,  on  the  authority  of  Simon  of  Durham,  that  "  she 
builded  the  walls  about  the  cities  of  London  and  Colchester."* 


*  "  St.  Peter's  Eome.  The  third  chapel  has  over  the  altar  the  statue  of 
St.  Helena,  the  work  of  Boggi,  an  excellent  sculptor."  In  the  church  of  St.  John 
de  Lateran,  is  "  a  magnificent  monument  of  St.  Helen  of  porphyrie."  "  We 
came  to  St.  Crosse  of  Jerusalem,  built  by  Constantine  over  the  demolition  of 
the  temple  of  Yenus  and  Cupid,  which  he  threw  down ;  and  'twas  here  they 
report  he  deposited  the  wood  of  the  true  Crosse  found  by  his  mother  Helena, 
in  honour  whereof  this  church  was  built.  Here  is  a  chapel  dedicated  to  St. 
Helena,  the  floore  whereof  is  of  earth  brought  from  Jerusalem.  They  suffer 
no  women  to  enter,  save  once  a  year." — Evelyn's  Mem.,  vol  i.  pp.  Ill,  116, 160. 

"  Also  besyde  the  queer  of  the  Chirche  at  the  ryght  syde  as  men  comen 
downward  16  greces  (steps)  is  the  place  where  our  Lord  was  born :  that  is 
fulle  well  dyghte  of  marble,  and  fulle  richely  peynted  with  gold,  sylver, 
azure,  and  other  coloures.  And  3  paas  (paces)  besyde,  is  the  crybbe  of  the  ox, 
and  the  asse.  And  besyde  that  is  the  place  where  the  sterre  felle  that  ledde 
the  three  kynges." — The  Voyage  and  Travaile  of  Sir  John  Maundeville 
Knight  in  the  14th  Century. 

Sandys  adds  "  that  at  the  upper  end  of  the  subterranean  chapel  of  the 
Nativity,  in  an  arched  concave,  stands  the  Altar  of  the  Nativity  :  under  this 
is  a  semi-circle ;  the  sole  (flooring)  set  with  stones  of  several  colours  in  the 
form  of  a  star,  and  in  the  midst  a  serpentine,  there  set  to  preserve  the 
memory  of  that  place  where  our  Saviour  was  born." — A  Kelation  of  a  Journey 
begun  1610,  by  Geo.  Sandys.  1670. 


4  Edmund  the  Martyr. 

The  original  church  of  St.  Helen  in  London  was  dedicated  to  the 
Empress  Helena,  and  is  said  to  have  been  erected  to  her  memory 
by  her  son  Constantine.*' 

In  the  year  1010  Alwyne,  Bishop  of  Helmeham,  removed  the 
remains  of  King  Edmund  the  Martyr  from  St.  Edmundsbury  to 
London,  and  deposited  them  in  this  church  for  three  years,  until 
the  depredations  committed  by  the  Danes  in  East  Anglia  ceased. f 

"In  a  court  on  the  east  side  of  Bishopsgate  Street,  in  Bishopsgate 
Ward/'  Newcourt  reports/'stands  the  fair  church  of  St.  Helen,  some- 
time a  priory  of  Black  Nuns,  and  in  the  same,  the  Parish  Church  of 
St.  Helen."  J  That  there  was  a  church  here  before  the  founding  of 
the  said  priory,  which  was  granted  to  the  canons  of  St.  PauFs  by 
Ranulph  and  Robert  his  son,  appears  by  the  following  document : — 

"  This  agreement  between  the  Dean  of  St.  Pauls,  and  Ranulph 
and  Robert  his  son,  Witnesseth,  that  the  said  Ranulph  and  Robert 
do  grant  to  the  Canons  of  St.  Pauls,  the  church  of  St.  Helen,  yet 
so  that  they  shall  hold  the  same  during  the  term  of  their  naturaj 
lives,  upon  the  payment  of  twelve  pence  yearly.  .  .  .  But  on  their 
decease  a  third  person  of  their  body  (or  from  their  friends)  whom 
they  shall  have  chosen,  shall  hold  the  aforesaid  church,  on  the 
payment  of  two  shillings  per  annum,  to  the  said  canons ;  but  upon 
his  decease  the  said  church  shall  remain  in  the  full,  free,  and  un- 
disturbed possession  of  the  said  canons.  .  .  .  Ranulph  also  obtained 
from  his  brethren  that  every  year  they  should  celebrate  the 
anniversary  of  Turstin,  Archbishop  of  York."§ 

To  this  agreement  the  following  were  witnesses  : — 

William  the  Archdeacon. 

Richard  &  Richard  his  brothers. 

Robert  de  Cadomo,  Robert  de  Aco,  Nicholas  Gaufrid  the  younger, 
William  the  master,  Henry  Walter,  Gaufrid  the  constable,  William 
de  Cain,  Theodore,  Richard  de  Amond,  Baldwin,  Robert  the 
younger,  Walfrid,  Hubert  Hugo  the  master,  Radulf,  Richard 


*  Europ.  Mag.,  vol.  xlviii.  p.  173. 

f  Entick's  Lond.,  vol.  iii.  p.  398.     Hughson,  vol.  ii.  p.  420. 
£  Newcourt's  Kepertorium,  vol.  i.  p.  263  (Reg.  Dec.  &  Cap.  lib.  A.f.  32). 
§  "  Haec  est  conventio  inter  Capitulum  S.Pauli  et  Ranulfum,  et  Robertum 
filium  ejus,  soil.  Quod  Ranulfus  et  Robertas  concedunt  Canonicis  S.  Pauli 
Ecclesiam  S.  Helena,  ita  tamen  quod  eandem  tenebunt  toto  tempore  vitae 
SUIB,    reddendo    singulis    annis    xiid.     Quibus    autem    defunctis,  tertius 


Priory  of  St.  Helens.  5 

de  Winton,  Albirms  the  Priest,  Richard  Malatri,  Fulk  the  Younger, 
Brun,  Osbert,  Becha. 

After  this,  in  1181  (the  first  year  of  Ralph  de  Diceto,  he  being 
Dean),  in  the  state  of  the  manors  and  churches  belonging  to  the  said 
Dean  and  Chapter,  it  is  thus  recorded  : — "  Ecclesia  S.  Helena  est 
Canonicorum,  et  reddit  eis  xx.  sol  per  manum  Magist.  Cipriani, 
solvit  Synodalia  xijd.  Achidiacono  xijd.  Habet  ccemiterium."* 

After  the  church  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  dean  and  chapter  by 
the  death  of  the  several  parties,  they  granted  the  right  of  patronage 
to  one  William,  the  son  of  William  the  Goldsmith,  who  afterwards 
applying  to  Alard  the  dean,  and  the  chapter  of  St.  Paul's,  had  leave 
of  them  to  found  a  priory  of  nuns  there,  as  appears  by  the  follow- 
ing instrument  :f — 

"  PRIORY  OF  ST.  HELENS  next  the  way  ofBishopsgate  Street,  in 
the  City  of  London.}: 

"  Of  the  constituting  of  Nuns  in  the  same. 

"  Know  all  present  and  to  come,  that  I,  Alardus,  dean  of  the 
church  of  St.  Paul,  London,  and  the  chapter  of  the  same  church, 
do  grant  to  William  the  Son  of  William  the  Goldsmith,  §  patron  of 
the  church  of  St.  Helen,  London,  that  he  may  constitute  Nuns  in 
the  same  church  for  the  perpetual  service  of  God  therein,  and  may 
bestow  on  the  society  of  the  same,  the  right  of  patronage  to  the 
said  church,  as  the  same  was  granted  to  him  by  our  predecessors ; 
provided  that  the  prioress  or  other  governing  such  house  (after 
election  made  by  the  same),  do  make  presentation  thereof  to  the 
dean  and  chapter  of  London  and  swear  fidelity  to  the  same  Dean 
and  Chapter,  as  well  for  such  Church  as  for  a  pension  or  annuity  of 
half  a  mark,  payable  within  eight  days  of  Easter  .  .  .  and  they  do 


suorum  quern  elegerint,  tenebit  supradictam  Ecclesiam  reddendo  duos  sol. 
per  Ann.  eisdem  fratribus  :  Illo  autem  defuncto  remanebit  eadem  Ecclesia 
Canonicis  soluta  et  quieta  et  libera.  Etiam  Ranulfus  obtinuit  a  fratribus 
suis,  quod  singulis  annis  anniversarium  Turstini  Eborac,  Archiep.  celebra- 
bunt.  Ad  hauc  conventionem  fuerunt  isti  Archidiaconi,  &c.  &c." 

*  Newcourt  (Eeg.  Dec.  and  Cap.  lib.  A.  f.  37,  vol.  i.  p.  363). 

f  Stow  (Survey  of  London,  p.  430.  Ed.  Lond.  1754)  says  "founded  by 
William  de  Basing,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's." 

J  For  the  original  Latin  Document,  see  Appendix  A. 

§  Lineally  descended  from  William  the  Founder  was  Sir  William  Fitz- 
william,  merchant  tailor,  and  servant  to  Cardinal  Wolsey,  Alderman  of  Bread 
Street  Ward,  1506,  from  whom  is  descended  the  present  Earl  Fitzwilliam. 


6  Foundation  of  Priory. 

further  swear  not  to  alienate  such  before  mentioned  patronage  or 
to  subject  their  convent  to  any  other  control.  And  we  do  more- 
over grant  as  far  as  in  us  lies,  that  the  said  society  or  convent,  so 
to  be  erected  may  appropriate  and  convert  to  their  own  use  all 
revenues  belonging  to  the  said  Church,  excepting  the  afore- 
said pension,  they  discharging  all  episcopal  dues  appertaining  to 
the  said  church ;  and  if  it  shall  happen  that  the  Nuns  of  such 
convent  shall  conduct  themselves  improperly,  "We  grant  the  same  to 
men  of  religion,  to  hold  without  molestation,  in  the  same  manner 
as  is  mentioned  with  respect  to  such  Nuns ;  And  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  bind  themselves  similarly  towards  them  ;  and  that  this 
our  grant  and  concession  and  all  other  engagements  may  be  held 
in  perpetual  remembrance  and  firmly  observed,  we  have  caused  the 
same  to  be  done  in  the  form  of  a  handwriting  :  the  one  part 
whereof  to  be  kept  by  us,  and  the  other  by  the  said  William  and 
the  said  Nuns,  and  have  mutually  sealed  the  same  &c.* 

"  Witness,  Alardus,  Dean  of  London  and  others." 

This  foundation  of  the  priory  was  probably  about  the  year 
1212,  in  the  latter  part  of  the  reign  of  King  John,  for  Alardus  de 
Burnham,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's,  died  on  the  14th  August,  1216.f 

The  nuns  were  of  the  Benedictine  order,  and  wore  a  black 
habit  with  a  cloak,  cowl,  and  veil.J 

William  Basing,  one  of  the  sheriffs  of  London  in  1308, 
2  Edward  II.,  was  a  great  benefactor  to  this  priory,  which  he 
augmented  both  in  building  and  revenue,  for  which  probably  he 
was  also  holden  to  be  a  founder.  §  Not  long  after  the  time  of 
the  above  William  Basing,  one  Henry  Gloucester  was  interred 
here,  descended  from  him,  by  the  mother's  side,  whose  will  and 
testament  are  here  inserted  : — 

"  In  the  name   of  the   Father,  of  the   Son,   and  of  the 

Holy  Ghost,  Amen. 

u  I  Henry  de  Gloucester,  Citizen  and  Goldsmith  of  London,  do 
make  my  Will  and  Testament  as  follows.  I  leave  my  body  to 
be  buried  at  St.  Helens,  London,  in  such  place  as  the  Prioress 

*  Dugdale,  Monascon  Angl.,  vol.  iv.  p.  553.  Ed.  Lond.  1817-30. 

f  Newcourt's  Repertorium,  vol.  i.  p.  364. 
J  For  the  Rules  of  the  Benedictine  Order,  see  Appendix  B. 
§  Weever's  Fun.  Monts.,  p.  421. 


William  Basing' s  Will.  7 

and  Nuns  of  that  Convent  shall  direct.  I  also  leave  to  my  daughter 
Elizabeth  a  Nun  in  the  said  convent  of  St.  Helens,  six  shillings. 
I  also  leave  to  the  prioress  and  convent  of  St.  Helens,  Eleven 
Marks  of  Silver  annually,  for  the  purpose  of  providing  two  monks 
to  perform  divine  service  in  the  said  church  of  St.  Helen  for  my 
soul,  for  the  soul  of  Margaret  formerly  my  Wife  and  for  the 
souls  of  William  my  father  and  of  Wilhelmina  my  mother, 
daughter  of  Thomas  de  Basings  brother  of  William  de  Basings 
the  founder  &c.  The  remainder  I  leave  for  the  maintenance  of 
my  son  John ;  and  if  my  said  son  John  shall  die  without  any 
offspring,  the  whole  shall  remain  to  my  daughter  Johanna,  and 
the  heirs  of  her  body  lawfully  begotten.  I  also  leave  to  my  niece 
Johanna  Adynet  five  shillings  :  Given  and  executed  at  London 
on  Thursday  next  after  the  feast  of  St.  Andrew  the  Apostle. 
Anno  Dom.  1332  in  the  sixth  year  of  the  reign  of  King 
Edward  III."* 

A  Cottonian  manuscript,  a  large  sheet  of  parchment,  contains 
the  following  regulations,  drawn  up  A.D.  1439,  to  be  observed  by 
the  nuns  of  the  convent,  to  which  is  appended  a  very  small  piece, 
containing  a  petition  from  the  convent.  The  seal  is  much  broken, 
A  perfect  impression  of  the  seal  appendant  to  a  deed,  dated  153i, 
26  Hen.  VIII.,  is  among  the  records  of  the  Leathersellers' 
Company.f 

*  Probate  of  this  will  was  made  January  15, 1332,  6  Edward  III.-— MS  S. 
in  Bib.  Cotton.  Weever,  Fun.  Monts.,  p.  421. 

The  original  is  in  Latin  as  follows : — 

"  In  nomine  patris,  et  filii  et  spiritus  sancti,  Amen.  Ego,  Henricus  de 
Gloucestre,  civis  et  aurifaber  London,  condo  testamentum  meum  in  hnnc 
modum,  Lego  corpus  meum  ad  sepeliendum  apud  Sanctam  Elenam,  London ; 
ubi  priorissa  et  conventus  eiusdem  domus  ibidem  eligere  voluerint.  Item 
lego  Elizabeth  filie  mee,  Moniali  eiusdem  domus,  sancte  Elene,  sex  solid. 
Item  lego  Priorisse  et  Conventui  Sancte  Elene  undecim  marcas  argenti 
annuatim  ad  inuenend.  duos  Capellanos  Divina  celebrare  in  eadem  Ecclesia 
Sancte  Elene,  pro  anima  mia,  et  anima  Margarete  quondam  uxoris  mee, 
ac  pro  animabus  Willelmi  patris  mei,  et  Willelme,  matris  mee,  fil  Thome  de 
Basings,  fratris  Willelmi  de  Basings,  Fundatoris,  &c.  Eesiduum  vero  lego 
ad  sustentationem  Johannis  filii  mei.  Etsi  idem  Johannes  filius  meus  sine 
prole  obierit,  integre  remaneat  Johanne  filie  mee  et  heredibus  de  corpore  suo 
legitime  procreatis.  Item  lego  Elizabeth  filie  mee,  duas  schopas  abenas.  Item 
lego  Johanne  Adynet  nepte  mee,  quinque  solidos.  Dat  et  act,  London  die 
Jovis  prox  .  post  festum.  Sancti  Aiidree  .  Apostoli .  Ann  .  Dom  .  1332.  Eeg 
Regis  Ed.  3.  6."  f  Malcolm's  Lond.  Eediviv.,  vol.  iii.  p.  548. 


8  Kentwodes  Constitutions. 

"  Constitutiones  per  Decaimm  et  Capitulum  Ecclesise  Cathe- 
dralis  S.  Pauli,  Lond.  factae,  Moniales  Ccenobii  S.  Helense 
prope  Bishopsgate  infra  civitatem  London,  tangentes  :* — 

"  Reynold  Kentwode,  Dean  and  Chapeter  of  the  Church  of 
Poules,  to  the  religious  women,  Prioress  and  Covent  of  the  priory 
of  Seynt  Eleyns,  of  owre  patronage  and  jurisdictyon  immediat,  and 
every  nunne  of  the  said  priory,  gretyng  in  God  with  desyre  of 
religyous  observances  and  devocyon.  For  as  moche  as  in  oure 
visitacyon  ordinarye  in  your  priory e  boothe  in  the  hedde,  and  in 
the  membris  late  actually  exersyd,  we  have  founden  many  de- 
fautes  and  excesses,  the  whiche  nedythe  notory  correccyon  and 
reformacyon,  we,  wyllyng  vertu  to  be  cherished,  and  holy  relygion 
for  to  be  kepte  as  in  the  rules  of  your  ordyerre,  we  ordeyne  and 
make  certeyne  Ordenauns  and  Injunccyons,  weche  we  sende  you 
wrete  and  seelyd  undir  owre  commone  seele,  for  to  be  kepte  in 
forme  as  thei  ben  articled  and  wretyn  unto  you. 

"  Firste.  We  ordeyne  and  enjoyne  you,  that  deveyne  servyce 
be  don  by  you  duly  nyghte  and  day,  and  silence  duly  kepte  in 
due  time  and  place,  after  the  observance  of  youre  religione. 

"Also  we  ordayne  and  enjoyne  you  Prioresse  and  Covente, 
and  eche  of  you  syngerly,  that  ye  make  due  and  hole  confession 
to  the  confessor  assigned  be  us. 

"Also  we  enjoyne  you  Prioresse  and  Covent,  that  ye  ordeyne 
conveiiyent  place  of  firmarye,  in  the  wiche  your  seeke  sustres 
may  be  honestly  kepte  and  releyed  withe  the  costes  and  expences 
of  youre  house,  accustomed  in  the  relygion  durynge  the  tyme  of 
heere  sikenesse. 

"  Also  we  enjoyne  you  Prioresse  that  ye  kepe  youre  dortour,  and 
by  thereinne  by  nythe,  aftyr  observaunce  of  your  relygion,  without 
that  the  case  be  suche  that  the  lawe  and  the  observaunce  of  youre 
religione  suffreth  you  to  do  the  contraye. 

"  Also  we  ordeyne  and  injoyne  you  Prioresse  and  Covent, 
that  noo  seculere  be  lokkyd  withinne  the  boundes  of  the  cloy- 
stere ;  ne  no  seculere  persones  come  withinne  aftyr  the  bell  of 
complyne,  except  wymment  servantes  and  mayde  childeryne  lerners, 
also  admitte  no  one  sojournauntes  wymment  withoute  lycence  of  us. 

"Also  we  ordeyne  and  enjoyne  you  Prioresse  and  Covent,  that 

*  Dugdale,  Monasticon  Angl.,  vol.  iv.  p.  553.  Ed.  Lond.  1817-30  [Hodie 
Rot.  antiq.  Cotton.  Mus.]  Ex  ipso  autogr.  in  Bibl.  Hatton. 


Directions  to  Prioress  and  Convent.  9 

ye,  ne  noone  of  youre  sustres  use  nor  haunte  any  place  withinne 
the  Priory,  thoroghe  the  wiche  evel  suspeccyione  or  sclaundere 
mythe  aryse ;  wyche  places  for  certeyne  causes  that  move  us,  we 
wryte  not  here  inne  our  present  injunccyone,  but  wole  notyfie  to 
your  Prioress  :  nor  have  no  lokyng  nor  spectacles  owtewarde, 
thorght  the  which  ye  mythe  falle  in  worldlye  delectacyone. 

"Also  we  ordeyne  and  enjoy  ne  you  Prioresse  and  Covent, 
that  some  sadde  woman  and  discrete  of  the  seyde  religione,  honest, 
well  named,  be  assigned  to  the  shittyng  of  the  cloyster  dorys, 
and  kepyng  of  the  keyes,  that  none  persone  have  entre  ne  issu 
into  the  place  aftyr  comply  ne  belle  ;  nethir  in  noo  other  tyme  be 
the  wiche  the  place  may  be  disclaundered  in  tyme  comying. 

"  Also  we  ordeyne  and  enjoyne  you  Prioresse  and  Covent,  that 
noo  seculere  wymmen  slepe  be  nythe  withinne  the  dortour, with  ovvte 
specialle  graunte  hadde  in  the  chapeter  House,  among  you  alle. 

"  Also  we  ordeyne  and  enjoyne  you,  that  noone  of  you  speke 
ne  comone  with  no  seculere  personne  ne  sende  ne  receyve  let- 
teres,  myssyres  or  geftes  of  any  seculere  personne,  withowte 
lycence  of  the  Prioresse :  and  that  there  be  an  other  of  youre 
sustres  present,  assigned  be  the  Prioresse  to  here  and  record  the 
honeste  of  bothe  partyes,  in  such  communycation ;  and  such  let- 
teres  or  geftes,  sent  or  receyved  may  turn  into  honeste  and  wur- 
chepe,  and  none  into  vilanye,  ne  disclaundered  of  youre  honeste 
and  religyone. 

"  Also  we  ordeyne  and  enjoyne  you  Prioresse  and  Covent, 
that  none  of  youre  sustres  be  admitted  to  noone  office  but  that 
they  be  of  gode  name  and  fame. 

"  Also  we  ordeyne  and  enjoyne  you,  that  ye  ordeyne  and 
chese  on  youre  sustres,  honeste,  abille,  and  cunnyng  of  discreyone, 
the  weche  can,  may,  and  schall  have  the  charge  of  teching  and 
informacyone  of  youre  sustres  that  ben  uncunnyng,  for  to  teche 
hem  here  service  and  the  rule  of  here  religione. 

"  Also  for  as  moche  that  diverce  fees,  perpetuelle  corrodies,  and 
lyvers  have  be  graunted  before  this  tyme  to  diverce  officers  of  youre 
house,  and  other  persones,  weche  have  hurt  the  house,  and  be  cause 
of  delapidacyone  of  the  godys  of  youre  seyde  house,  we  ordeyne  and 
enjoyne  you,  that  ye  reserve  noone  officere  to  no  perpetuelle  fee 
of  office,  ne  graunte,  ne  annuete,  corody,  ne  lyvery,  withoute 
specialle  assent  of  us. 


10  Dancing  and  Eevelling  Forbidden. 

se  Also  we  enjoyne  you,  that  alle  daunsyng  and  revelyng  be 
utterly  forborne  among  you,  except  Christmasse  and  other  honest 
tymys  of  recreacyone,  among  youre  selfe  usyd,  in  absence  of 
seculers  in  alle  wyse. 

"  Also  we  enjoyne  you  Prioresse  that  there  may  be  a  doore  at 
the  noone's  quere,  that  noone  straungeres  may  looke  on  them,  nor 
they  on  the  straungeres,  wanne  thei  bene  at  divyne  service.  Also 
we  ordeyne  and  enjoyne  you  Prioresse,  that  there  be  made  a 
hache  of  conabyll*  heythe,  crestyd  withe  pykys  of  herne,  to  fore 
the  entre  of  youre  kechyne,  that  noo  straunge  pepille  may  entre 
wethe  certeyne  cleketts  avysed  be  you  and  be  youre  steward  to 
suche  personys  as  you  and  hem  thynk  onest  and  conabell. 

"  Also  we  enjoyne  you  Prioresse,  that  non  nonnes  have  no  Keyes 
of  the  posterne  doore  that  gothe  oute  of  the  cloystere  into  the 
churcheyerd  but  the  Prioresse  for  there  is  moche  comyng  in  and 
oute  unlefulle  tymes. 

"  Also  we  ordeyne  and  enjoyne,  that  no  nonnes  have,  ne  receyve 
noo  schuldrin  wyth  them  into  the  house  forseyde,  but  yf  that  the 
profite  of  the  comonys  turne  to  the  vayle  of  the  same  house. 

"  These  Ordenauns  and  Injunccyons,  and  iche  of  them,  as  thei 
be  rehersid  above,  we  send  unto  you  Prioresse  and  Covent,  char- 
gyng  and  commaunding  you  and  iche  of  you  alle  to  kepe  hem  truly 
and  holy  in  vertu  of  obedience,  and  upon  peyne  of  contempte ;  and 
that  ye  doo  them  be  redde  and  declared  foure  tymes  of  the  yeere  in 
youre  chapele  before  you,  and  that  thei  may  be  hadde  in  mynde, 
and  kepte  under  peyne  of  excommunicacyone,  and  other  lawfulle 
peynes,  to  be  yove  into  the  persone  of  you  Prioresse,  and  into 
singuler  persones  of  the  Covent,  wheche  we  purpose  to  use  agens 
you,  in  case  that  ye  desobeye  us:  reservyng  to  us  and  oure 
successors  poure  these  forsayde  ordinaunces  and  injunctiouns  to 
chaunge,  adde,  and  diminue,  and  with  hem  despence,  as  ofte  as  the 
case  requirethe  and  it  is  needfulle.  In  to  which  witnesse  we  sette 
oure  common  seele,  govyn  in  oure  Chapitter  House,  the  XXI  day 
of  the  monyth  of  June  the  yere  of  oure  Lord  MCCCCXXXIX.  et 
anno  regni  Regis  Henrici  Sexti,  post  Conqusestum  decirno  septimo." 

"  The  Nuns  endeavoured,  during  the  reigns  of  Henry  III.  and 
Edward  I.,  to  stop  up  the  lane  or  passage  through  the  court  of 


*  "  Reasonable,"  or  rather,  convenient,  suitable. 


Names  of  Three  Prioresses.  1 1 

their  House,  from  Bishopsgate  Street  to  S.  Mary-Axe.  In  the 
thirty-third  year  of  the  former  King  they  obtained  a  licence  to 
include  a  lane  lying  across  their  ground,  inasmuch  as  it  had  been 
found  by  inquest  that  no  damage  would  accrue  thereby  to  the 
citizens  of  London.  The  licence  was  dated  at  Westminster,  the 
24th  March,  33  Henry  III.  1248-9.*  Some  resistance,  as  it  appears, 
was  made  to  this  inclusion,  for  in  several  subsequent  inquests  the 
jurors  describe  the  lane  as  a  common  thoroughfare,  from  the  Gate 
of  the  Nuns  of  S.  Elen  to  the  Church  of  S.  Mary  at  Ax,  called 
f  Seint  Eleyne  Lane/  through  which  there  was  always  in  ancient 
times  a  common  passage  for  carts  and  horsemen,  as  well  as  for 
foot  passengers.f  Their  obstruction  was  at  least  partially  successful, 
and,  as  such,  has  descended  to  our  own  time.  There  is  still  no 
thoroughfare  for  carriages. 

"Reynold  Kentwode,  Dean  of  S.  Paul's  (1422—1441),  together 
with  his  Chapter,  made  a  number  of  Constitutions  for  the  Nuns, 
dated  the  21st  of  June,  14394  Many  of  these  are  extremely 
curiouSj  and  furnish  us  with  most  descriptive  illustrations  of  con- 
ventual life.  These  have  been  accurately  transcribed  from  the 
original  document,  now  among  the  Cottonian  Rolls,  and  are  placed 
in  the  Appendix  at  the  end  of  this  volume. 

"  The  names  of  the  three  Prioresses  which  are  given  by  the  last 
editors  of  Dngdale,  are  Eleanor  de  Wyncestre  or  Wiiiton,  in  the 
7th  and  12th  of  Henry  III. ;  Alice  Asshfeld,  who  granted  a  lease 
to  Sir  John  Crosby,  the  builder  of  Crosby  Hall,  in  1466  ;§  and 
Mary  Rollesley,  the  last  Prioress.  To  these  four  others  may  be 

added,  D ,  Alice  Wodehous,  Alice  Tracthall,  and  Isabel 

Stampe.||  The  first-mentioned  lady  is  believed  to  have  been  the 
first  Prioress.  She  addressed  a  petition,  which  is  given  in  the 
Appendix,  to  Alard  de  Burnham,  dean  of  S.  Paul's,  and  Walter 
Fitzwalter,  archdeacon  of  London,  in  or  some  short  time  previously 


*  Pat.  33  Hen.  III.  m.  7. 

f  Eot.  Hundred,  i,  409,  410,  420,  425, 426,  431.          J  Rot.  Cott.  v.  6. 

§  "  See  the  particulars  in  the  Kev.  T.  Hugo's  History  of  Crosby  Hall, 
Transactions  of  the  Lond.  and  Midd.  Archaeol.  Soc.,  vol.  i.  p.  40." 

||  "  By  will  dated  26th  April,  A.D.  1469— Philip  Malpas,  merchant,  citizen, 
&c.,  bequeaths  to  the  Prioress  of  St.  Helen's,  20s. ;  and  to  Dame  Alice  Wood- 
hows,  nun  there,  20s.,  and  also  to  every  other  nun  professed  in  the  same 
house  6s.  8d.  to  pray  for  his  soul.— Extract  from  a  Paper  by  B.  B,  Orridge, 
Esq.,  Transactions  Lond.  and  Midd.,  vol.  iii.  p.  9,  pp.  290," 


12  Witt  of  Elizabeth  Eottesley. 

to  the  year  1216.  The  second  was  the  immediate  predecessor  of 
Alice  Asshfeld,  and  granted  to  Sir  John  Crosby  a  lease  of  the 
house  in  which  he  resided  when  he  obtained  from  the  latter  that 
of  the  same  and  adjoining  premises,  on  which  he  subsequently 
built  his  magnificent  mansion.  It  is  presumed  that  she  resigned  her 
office  of  Prioress,  as  a  lady  of  the  same  name  and  probably  herself 
stands  first  of  the  eleven  present  and  consenting  Sisters  in  the 
document  of  1466.  The  third,  Alice  Tracthall,  leased  some  pre- 
mises in  Birchin  Lane,  about  which  more  details  will  be  given,  to 
Thomas  Knyght,  by  indenture  dated  the  20th  March,  13  Henry 
VII.,  1497-8.  The  fourth,  Isabel  Stampe,  was  the  last  Prioress 
but  one.  When  she  succeeded  to  her  office  cannot  be  determined, 
nor  the  time  of  her  decease  or  resignation ;  but  she  granted  leases 
of  some  of  her  conventual  property  on  the  3rd  of  December, 
1512,  and  on  the  1st  of  November,  1526.* 

"  The  will  of  Elizabeth  Rollesley,  who  would  appear  to  have  been 
the  mother  of  the  last  Prioress,  is  given  by  Maddox  in  his  Formulare. 
It  was  dated  the  23rd  August,  1513,  5  Henry  VIII. ;  and,  among 
other  bequests,  directs : — '  Item ;  I  bequeth  to  the  Prioress 
and  Covent  of  S.  Elyns  in  London,  v  li.  Item;  I  bequeth  to 
Dame  Mary,  my  dowter,  being  a  Nonne  of  the  same  place,  v  li/ 
Another  daughter,  Alice,  was  a  Nun  of  Dartford,  and  to  her  was 
left  a  similar  legacy ,f 

"On  the  26th  January,  19th  Hen.  VIII.  1527-8,  the  Prioress, 
Mary  Rollesley,  and  Convent  leased  to  Richard  Berde  a  tenement 
in  the  parish  of  S.  Ethelburga,  for  a  term  of  forty  years,  at  an 
annual  rent  of  xx  s.  J 

"  On  the  21st  December,  20th  Hen.  VIII.  1528,  they  leased  to 
Robert  Nesham,  citizen  and  baker,  and  Agnes  his  wife,  one  bake- 


*  See  p.  11.  For  the  following  details,  as  for  much  other  reliable  informa- 
tion, I  am  very  largely  indebted  to  the  Eev.  Thomas  Hugo's,  M.A.,  Lecture 
read  at  Ironmongers'  Hall,  March  10th,  1864 ;  he  having  collected  the  details 
from  the  Conventual  Leases,  the  Ministers'  Accounts,  the  Valor,  the  Sur- 
renders, the  Particulars  for  Grants,  the  Orders  and  Decrees,  Pension  Lists, 
Surveys,  and  other  Eecords  of  the  Court  of  Augmentations,  the  Patent  and 
Originalia  Rolls,  and  several  collections  of  Rolls  and  Charters,  or  docu- 
ments usually  called  by  that  name,  &c.  &c. 

t  Madox's  Formulare  Anglicanum,  p.  440. 
J  Ministers'  Accounts,  31-32  Hen.  VIII.  No.  112. 


Court  of  Augmentations.  13 

house,  with  appurtenances,  in  the  parish  of  S.  Andrew  Under- 
shafte,  for  a  term  of  forty  years  from  the  following  Christmas,  at 
a  yearly  rent  of  Ixxiij  s.  iiij  d.  The  repairs  were  to  be  done  by  the 
farmer.* 

"On  the  20th  May,  21st  Hen.  VIII.  1529,  they  leased  to 
Richard  Staverton  a  tenement  in  the  parish  of  S.  Mary  Magdalene 
in  the  Old  Fishmarket  for  a  term  of  sixty  years,  at  a  yearly  rent 
of  xxxiij  s.  iiij  d.f 

"  On  the  20th  September,  23rd  Hen.  VIII.  1531,  the  Prioress 
and  Convent  leased  two  tenements,  with  two  gardens  adjoining  to 
the  same,  within  their  close,  to  William  Shelton,  from  the  Michael- 
mas following,  for  twelve  years,  and,  after  the  expiration  of  those 
years,  for  a  term  of  fourscore  and  nineteen  years,  at  a  rent  of  Is.  a 
year,  payable  at  the  four  usual  terms.  The  repairs  were  to  be  done 
by  the  farmer  aforesaid.  J 

"  On  the  26th  January,  23rd  Hen.  VIII.  1531-2,  they  leased 
to  Richard  Berde  aforesaid,  and  Alice  his  wife  a  tenement  in  the 
parish  of  S.  Ethelburga  for  a  term  of  sixty  years,  at  a  yearly  rent 
xlv  s.  Repairs  by  the  farmers. § 

"  On  the  10th  of  June,  25th  Hen.  VIII.  1533,  Mary  Rollesley, 
Prioress  and  Convent  entered  into  an  agreement  with  Richard 
Berde  aforesaid,  citizen  and  girdler  of  London,  by  which,  inasmuch 
as  the  late  Prioress  of  S.  Helen's,  Dame  Isabell  Stampe,  had,  by  a 
deed  bearing  date  1st  November,  in  the  18th  Hen.  VIII.  1526, 
granted  and  let  to  Thomas  Larke,  citizen  and  Merchant  Tailor, 
their  great  tenement  or  inn  called  the  Black  Bull,  with  cellars, 
&c.,  in  the  parish  of  S.  Alburghe,  in  the  Ward  of  Bishopsgate,  and 
two  adjoining  tenements,  for  one  and  twenty  years,  from  Mid- 
summer following,  at  a  yearly  rent  of  9£.  14*.  sterling,  they 
transferred  the  same  to  the  said  Richard  at  the  same  rent.  If 
unpaid  six  weeks  after  due.,  the  Prioress  might  enter  and  distrain. 
The  agreement  was  allowed  by  the  Court  of  Augmentations,  on 
the  5th  Jan.,  32nd  Hen.  VIII.  1540-1. || 

"On  the  10th  of  July,  25th  Hen.  VIII.  1533,  they  leased  to 
the  aforesaid  William  Shelton  a  tenement  with  appurtenances  in 


*  London  Conventual  Leases,  No.  24.    Ministers'  Accounts. 

f  Ministers'  Accounts.  J  Ibid.  §  Ibid. 

||  Conventual  Leases,  No.  17.    Orders  and  Decrees,  vii.  f.  35  b. 


14  Thomas  Crumwell. 

their  close,  for  a  term  of  four  score  and  eighteen  years  from  the 
next  following  feast  of  the  Nativity  of  S.  John  the  Baptist,  at  a 
yearly  rent  of  x  s.  payable  at  the  four  terms.  Repairs  by  the  farmer.* 

' '  Among  Dean  Kentwode's  orders,  previously  referred  to,f  is 
the  following  regulation : 

" '  Also  for  as  moche  that  diu.ce  fees  ppetuett  corrodies  and 
lyuers  have  be  grauntyd  be  for  this  tyme  to  diuerce  officers  of 
3owre  house  and  other'  psones  wheel!  have  hurt  the  house  and  be 
cause  of  delapidacyoii  of  the  godys  of  3owre  seyde  house  we 
ordeyne  and  jnioyne  3ow  that  36  reseyve  noon  officer'  to  noo 
ppetuett  ffee  of  office  ne  graunte  noo  annuete  corody  ne  lyuery 
without  speciatt  assent  of  vs.' 

"  On  the  10th  September,  26th  Hen.  VIII.  1534,  the  Prioress 
and  Convent  gave  to  Thomas  Crumwell,  the  then  secretary  of  the 
king,  afterwards  Earl  of  Essex,  an  annuity  of  four  marcs,  issuing 
from  their  lands  and  tenements  in.  London,  for  the  term  of  his  life, 
payable  yearly  at  Michaelmas.  If  in  arrear  for  three  weeks,  the  said 
annuitant  might  enter  and  distrain.  Four  pence  were  paid  imme- 
diately, as  earnest  and  parcel  of  the  annuity.  This  was  allowed  by 
the  Court  of  Augmentations,  with  arrears  from  the  dissolution  of 
the  House,  on  the  8th  of  February,  30th  Hen.  VIII.  1538-94 

"  On  the  10th  September,  1534,  they  also  leased  to  Richard 
Berde  aforesaid  a  tenement  in  the  parish  of  S.  Alborough,  in  the 
ward  of  Bishopsgate,  for  a  term  of  three  score  years,  from 
Michaelmas  next  ensuing,  at  a  yearly  rent  of  xvj  s.  sterling,  payable 
at  two  terms  of  the  year.  If  in  arrear  for  six  weeks,  the  Prioress 
and  Convent  might  enter  and  distrain. § 

"  On  the  1st  of  October,  26th  Hen.  VIII.  1534,  Dame  Mary 
Rollesley,  Prioress,  and  Convent  granted  and  leased  to  fee  farm 
to  John  Rollesley,  gent,  all  their  manor  of  Burston  or  Bruston, 
in  the  county  of  Middlesex,  with  all  the  lands,  tenements,  woods, 
underwoods,  court-leets,  profits  of  courts,  fines,  amerciaments 
and  other  profits  and  commodities  .whatsoever  appertaining  to  the 
same  manor,  from  the  Michaelmas  last  past  to  the  end  of  fourscore 
years  next  ensuing,  at  a  yearly  rent  of  9^.  payable  at  Lady  Day 
and  Michaelmas,  in  equal  portions.  Repairs  were  to  be  made  by 


*  Ministers'  Accounts.  f  See  p.  8. 

Orders  and  Decrees,  x.  f.  131.  §  Conventual  Leases,  No.  25. 


Common  Seal  of  St.  Helens.  1 5 

the  aforesaid  farmer.  If  the  aforesaid  rent  or  any  parcel  thereof 
were  in  arrear  for  forty  days,  the  Prioress  and  Convent  were  to 
enter  and  distrain.  This  was  allowed  by  the  Court  of  Augmenta- 
tions, on  the  8th  of  November,  34  Hen.  VIII.  1542.*  The  original 
of  this  lease  still  exists  among  the  documents  of  the  Augmenta- 
tion Office,  and  has  appended  to  it  the  common  seal  of  the  House, 
representing  S.  Helen,  in  agreement  with  the  most  important 
fact  of  her  history,  standing  under  the  Cross  which  she  embraces 
with  her  left  arm,  and  holding  in  her  left  hand  the  three  nails 
of  the  Passion.  On  the  right,  opposite  to  the  empress,  is  a  mul- 
titude of  women  with  extended  arms  and  upraised  countenances. 
Beneath  is  a  trefoiled  niqhe,  and  under  it  a  woman's  (?)  head  and 
left  arm  in  the  same  attitude  as  that  of  the  figures  above.  The 
legend  is  SIGILL.  MONIALIVM.  SANCTE.  HELENE.  LONDONIARVM. 
a  representation  of  this  seal  has  been  given  by  Malcolm,  and  has 
been  reproduced  for  this  volume.f 

«  On  the  2nd  December,  26th  Hen.  VIII.  1534,  the  Prioress 
and  Convent  leased  to  Alan  Hawte,  his  executors  and  assigns,  a 
messuage  with  a  garden  within  their  close  for  a  term  of  fourscore 
and  nineteen  years,  at  a  yearly  rent  of  Is.  payable  at  Lady  Day 
and  Michaelmas  in  equal  portions.  Repairs  by  the  farmer.J 

"On  the  24th  December,  26th Hen.  VIII.  1534,  the  Prioress 
and  Convent  appointed  Sir  James  Bolleyne,  knt,  to  be  steward  of 
their  lands  and  tenements  in  London  and  elsewhere,  the  duties 
to  be  performed  either  by  himself  or  a  sufficient  deputy,  during 
the  life  of  the  said  James,  at  a  stipend  of  forty  shillings  a  year, 
payable  at  Christmas.  If  in  arrear  for  six  weeks,  the  said  James 
might  enter  and  distrain.  Allowed,  with  arrears  from  the  Dis- 
solution, by  the  Court  of  Augmentations,  on  the  10th  of  February, 
30th  Hen.  VIII.  1538-9.§ 

"  On  the  1st  January,  26th  Hen.  VIII.  1534-5,  Mary  Rollesley, 
Prioress,  and  Convent  made  Richard  Berde  aforesaid,  their  senes- 
chal, receiver  and  collector  of  all  their  manors,  &c.  by  charter 
under  the  conventual  seal,  dated  as  aforesaid,  for  the  term  of  his 
life  from  the  date  of  the  instrument,  with  a  fee  or  stipend  of  1 2£. 


*  Ministers'  Accounts.    Orders  and  Decrees,  xiii.  f.  14  b. 

f  Malcolm's  Lond.  Rediv.  iii.  548. 
Minister^'  Accounts.  §  Orders  and  Decrees,  x.  f .  141  b. 


16  Demise  of  Reginald  Goodman. 

sterling,  and  20<s.  for  his  livery  :  also  with  eatables  and  drinkables , 
two  cartloads  of  fuel  and  ten  quarters  of  charcoal  a  year  allowed 
and  delivered  to  him,  and  the  use  and  occupation  of  one  chamber, 
and  of  a  certain  parlour  appertaining  to  the  same,  within  the 
precinct  of  the  Priory,  with  free  ingress  to  and  egress  from  the 
same  at  all  convenient  and  lawful  times  during  his  life.* 

"  On  the  20th  of  January,  1534-5,  26th  Hen.  VIII.,  the  Prioress 
and  Convent  granted,  demised,  and  let  to  Regnald  or  Rouland 
Goodman,  citizen  and  fishmonger,  their  lands  or  great  gardens, 
with  a  '  Shedd'  and  other  appurtenances,  with  free  entry  and 
issue,  incoming  and  outgoing  at  all  times  convenient,  requisite, 
and  necessary,  into  and  from  the  same,  by  and  through  the  next 
way  now  used,  had,  and  occupied,  lying  and  being  in  the  parish 
of  S.  Botolph  without  Bysshoppesgate,  in  the  tenure  of  John 
Newton,  'pulter/  from  Michaelmas,  1540,  for  fourscore  years, 
at  a  yearly  rent  of  four  marcs  sterling,  payable  at  Ladyday  and 
Michaelmas,  in  equal  portions.  The  said  Rowland  to  keep  and 
maintain  competently  all  the  fences  of  the  said  lands  or  gardens. 
If  in  arrear  for  a  quarter  of  a  year,  the  Prioress  or  Convent  to 
have  again  and  repossess  their  premises,  as  in  their  former  estate. 
Allowed  by  the  Court  of  Augmentations,  on  the  26th  of  Novem- 
ber, 31st  Hen.  VIII.  1539.f 

"  On  the  10th  of  December,  27th  Hen.  VIII.  1535,  they  leased 


*  Conventual  Leases,  No.  20 ;  Ministers'  Accounts. 

f  Ministers'  Accounts.  Orders  and  Decrees,  vi.  f.  27.  Mr.  Hugo  remarks, 
"Among  the  documents  in  the  possession  of  the  Leather  sellers'  Company  is  one 
of  the  same  year  as  the  seven  last  described,  1534,  and  probably  the  counter- 
part of  one  of  them.  I  regret  that  I  cannot  give  positive  information  on  this 
point  inasmuch  as  to  my  application  to  the  Court  of  the  Company  for  permis- 
sion to  inspect  it  for  a  few  minutes,  in  order  to  include  its  details  in  the 
present  memoir,  that  body  thought  fit  to  issue  a  refusal !  It  is  difficult  to 
understand  the  reason  of  such  a  repulse,  further  than  that  it  appears  to 
be  a  sort  of  tradition  with  the  Company  to  resist  all  such  solicitations.  So 
long  ago  as  the  year  .1803  Malcolm  complained  that  he  '  received  no  en- 
couragement in  his  enquiries.'  *  As  it  is,'  he  adds,  '  what  can  be  viewed 
by  the  passenger  I  shall  describe ;  but  further  this  deponent  cannot  say.' 
(iii.  562.)  This  jealous  custody  and  concealment  of  documents,  which  are 
now  possessed  simply  of  historical  and  archaeological  interest,  I  had  almost 
hoped  were  among  the  follies  which  have  passed  away — 01,  at  any  rate, 
that  it  would  not  have  found  an  apparently  perpetual  lodgment  in  a 
worshipful  Company  of  the  City  of  London," 


Leases  of  Tenements.  17 

to  John  Rollesleye  their  messuage  or  mansion  place,  with  the 
gardens,  cellars,  solars,  &c.  appertaining  to  the  same,  lately  in 
the  tenure  of  Nicholas  late  Bishop  of  Landaff,  situated  between 
the  tenements  of  Sir  John  Russell,  knt.  and  Alen  Hawte,  within 
the  close  of  S.  Helen's,  from  the  Christmas  following,  for  four 
score  years,  at  a  yearly  rent  of  xlvj  s.  viij  d.  sterling,  payable  at 
the  four  terms  in  even  portions.  If  in  arrear  for  thirteen  weeks, 
the  Prioress  and  Convent  might  enter  and  distrain.  Repairs  to 
be  done  by  the  farmer.  As  in  the  other  instances  given  in  the 
notes,  the  original  lease  still  exists.* 

"  On  the  20th  December,  27th  Hen.  VIII.  1535,  they  leased 
to  Thomas  Pett,  citizen  and  grocer,  a  messuage  in  the  parish  of 
S.  Ethelberga  for  a  term  of  twenty  years  at  a  yearly  rent  of  xlv  s.f 

"  On  the  7th  of  April,  in  the  27th  year  of  Hen.  VIII.  1536, 
the  Prioress  and  Convent  granted,  demised,  and  let  to  John 
Rolesley  ten  tenements,  with  gardens  thereunto  adjoining,  and 
three  chambers,  with  their  appurtenances,  situated  within  the 
close  and  tenements  aforesaid ;  the  tenements  in  the  holding 
respectively  of  Richard  Parker,  Guy  Crayford,  Edward  Waghan, 
Edward  Bryseley,  Margaret  Dalton,  widow,  John  Bernard, 
Richard  Harman,  John  Harrocke,  and  Andrew  Byscombe;  and 
the  chambers,  one  on  the  ground,  in  the  tenure  of  Emma  Lowe, 
widow,  and  the  other  two  up  the  stairs,  over  the  chambers  of  the 
said  Emma,  in  the  tenure  of  William  Damerhawle ;  together  with 
the  alley,  tenements,  cellars,  and  solars,  to  the  said  alley  apper- 
taining, situated  in  the  same  close,  (except  a  tenement  or  chamber 
in  the  said  alley,  wherein  Johane  Hey  ward  then  dwelt,)  and 
another  tenement  outside  the  close,  wherein  Thomas  Rancoke 
then  dwelt,  from  Michaelmas  last  past  for  threescore  years 
ensuing,  at  a  yearly  rent  of  £15,  payable  at  the  four  usual  terms 
of  the  year.  The  said  John  to  keep  the  said  premises  in  good 
and  sufficient  repair.  If  the  rent  were  in  arrear  for  six  months 
after  any  of  the  said  feasts,  and  no  sufficient  distress  for  the  arrears 
could  be  found,  the  Prioress  and  Convent  might  re-enter  and 
repossess.  This  was  allowed  by  the  Court  of  Augmentations,  on 
the  17th  April,  31st  Hen.  VIII.  15404 


*  Conventual  Leases,  No.  14.  f  Ministers'  Accounts. 

J  Conventual  Leases,  No.  15.    Ministers'  Accounts.     Orders  and  De- 
crees, v.  f.  1. 

C 


18  "Valor"  of  Ecclesiastical  Property. 

"  On  the  same  day  the  Prioress  and  Convent  granted  and  let  to 
the  same  John  their  tenements  with  appurtenances  in  the  parish 
of  S.  Alphe  in  '  Muggewell  Strete/  and  S.  Olave  in  '  Silver  Strete 
by  Crepulgate/  from  Michaelmas  next  coming  for  a  term  of  four- 
score years,  at  a  yearly  rent  of  £7  sterling,  payable  at  the  usual 
terms.  The  said  John  to  keep  the  premises  in  competent  and 
sufficient  repair.  If  the  rent  were  in  arrear  for  six  weeks,  the 
Prioress  and  Convent  were  to  have  power  to  enter  and  distrain. 
If  for  a  quarter  of  a  year,  or  if  the  repairs  were  not  accom- 
plished in  avoiding  rain  and  other  extreme  weather,  they  might 
re-enter  and  repossess  themselves  wholly  of  the  property.  This 
was  allowed  by  the  Court  of  Augmentations  on  the  20th  April, 
31st  Hen.  VIII.  1540.* 

"  On  the  same  day,  the  Prioress  and  Convent  leased  to  John 
Rollesleye,  his  executors  and  assigns,  two  tenements  in  the  parish 
of  S.  Elen's  outside  the  close,  one  in  the  tenure  of  William 
Shurburne,  citizen  and  barber- surgeon,  and  a  marsh  called  the 
'  Hare  Marsshe '  in  the  parish  of  Stebunheth  in  the  county  of 
Middlesex,  for  a  term  of  sixty  years,  at  a  rent  of  viij  li.  xv  s.  iiij  d. 
payable  at  the  four  usual  terms.f 

"  In  the  27th  of  Hen.  VIII.  the  <  Valor  *  was  taken  of  all 
ecclesiastical  property,  to  determine  the  tenth  which  was  hence- 
forth ordered  to  be  paid  to  the  King  for  the  support  of  his  dignity 
of  Supreme  Head  of  the  Church  of  England.  The  yearly  value 
of  all  the  possessions  of  the  House  was  £376  6,?.,  in  rents  from 
tenements  in  the  city  of  London,  the  rectory  of  S.  Helen's,  tene- 
ments in  Bordeston  and  Edelmeton  in  Middlesex,  Eyworth  in 
Bedfordshire,  Barmeling  in  Kent,  Balainesmede  and  Marck  in 
Essex,  Ware  in  Hertford,  and  Dachet  in  Buckingham.  Out  of 
this  sum  various  rents  for  lands  in  several  parishes  of  the  city 
were  to  be  deducted,  together  with  the  stipends  of  Sir  James 
Bulleyn,  knight,  chief  steward,  Richard  Berde,  receiver,  and  John 
Dodington,  auditor ;  and  pensions  to  David  Netley,  chaplain  of 
the  perpetual  chantry  of  the  B.  V.  M.  in  the  Church  of  S.  Helen's ; 
Thomas  Criche,  chaplain  of  the  chantry  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  in 
the  same  church ;  the  churchwardens  of  S.  Mary  Botowe ;  the 


*  Ministers'  Accounts.     Orders  and  Decrees,  v.  f.  2. 
f  Conventual  Leases,  No.  9.     Ministers'  Accounts. 


Thomas  Benolt,  Clarenceaux  Herald.  19 

wardens  of  a  fraternity  in  Bow  Church  ;  Thomas  More,  chaplain 
of  a  chantry  in  S.  Michael's,  Cornhill;  poor  people  at  the 
anniversaries  of  Adam  Fraunces,  Robert  Knolls,  and  Hugh 
Wynarde.,  in  the  Church  of  S.  Helen's ;  the  vicar  of  Eyworth ; 
the  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  for  sinodals  and  procurations ;  and  the 
Abbess  and  Convent  of  Barking.  These  amounted  to  £55  10s.  3J^., 
leaving  clear  £320  15*.  8Jf7.j  the  tenth  to  be  deducted  from  which 
was  £32  1*.  Id* 

"  On  the  6th  October,  28th  Hen.  VIII.  1536,  they  leased  to 
John  Dodington  a  tenement  called  f  the  Sterre '  at  Ware,  with  all 
its  chambers,  cellars,  solars,  &c.  for  a  term  of  sixty  years  from  the 
next  following  Michaelmas,  at  a  yearly  rent  of  xl  s.  payable  at  Lady 
Day  and  Michaelmas,  in  equal  portions.  Repairs  to  be  done  by 
the  aforesaid  farmer,  f 

"  On  the  20th  of  May,  29th  Hen.  VIII.  1537,  the  Prioress 
and  Convent  granted  to  Richard  Wolverston,  yeoman,  for  sundry 
good  services,  an  annuity  of  twenty  shillings  sterling,  issuing  as 
before,  for  the  term  of  his  life,  payable  in  equal  portions  at 
Christmas  and  Midsummer.  If  in  arrear  for  six  weeks,  the  said 
Richard  might  enter  and  distrain.  Allowed,  with  arrears  from  the 
Dissolution,  by  the  Court  of  Augmentations,  on  the  12th  of 
February,  30th  Hen.  VIII.  1538-94 

"  On  the  30th  of  May,  29th  Hen.  VIII.  1537,  they  leased  to 
John  Thurgood,  his  executors  and  assigns,  a  tenement  with  shops, 
cellars,  solars,  &c.  in  Ivelane,  in  the  parish  of  S.  Faith  in  Pater- 
noster Rowe,  for  a  term  of  fifty-one  years  from  the  Lady  Day  of 
that  year,  at  a  yearly  rent  of  liij  s.  iiij  d.  payable  at  the  four  usual 
terms.  Repairs  by  the  farmer.  § 

"  On  the  1st  of  July,  29th  Hen.  VIII.  1537,  they  leased  to 
Richard  Stafferton  a  tenement,  with  shops,  cellars,  solars,  &c.  in 
the  parish  of  S.  Mary  Wolnoth,  for  a  term  of  fifty  years,  at  a  yearly 
rent  of  xxiij  s.  iiij  d.  payable  at  the  four  terms.  || 

"  On  the  1st  of  December,  29th  Hen.  VIII.  1537,  they  leased 
to  Sir  Arthur  Darcy,  knt.  a  messuage  within  their  close,  late  in 
the  occupation  of  Thomas  Benolt  the  herald,  from  Michaelmas  last 


*  Val.  Eccl.  v.  i.  pp.  392,  393. 

f  Conventual  Leases,  No.  18.     Ministers'  Accounts. 
Orders  and  Decrees,  x.  f.  164  b.        §  Ministers'  Accounts.        ||  Ibid. 

C2 


20  Sundry  Grants  of  Property. 

past,  for  a  term  of  four  score  and  sixteen  years,  at  a  rent  of  xl  s., 
payable  at  the  four  usual  terras.     Kepairs  by  the  farmer.* 

"On  the  1st  of  December,  29th  (?)  Hen.  VIII.  1537,  the 
Prioress  and  Convent  granted  to  John  Dodington  an  annuity  of 
xl  s.  for  the  term  of  his  life,  payable  in  equal  portions  at  Easter  and 
Michaelmas,  f 

"On  the  2nd  of  December,  29th  Hen.  VIII.  1537,  they 
leased  to  Elizabeth  Hawte,  widow,  their  tenement  or  messuage, 
with  cellars,  solars,  gardens,  woodhouses,  stables,  &c.  '  abbutting 
vpon  the  well  yarde  in  the  said  P9  orye  on  the  westt,  one  other 
parte  therof  ending  at  the  gate  called  the  tymber  halle,  gate 
buttyng  vpon  the  Inner  dorter  on  the  East  pte,  the  other  pte 
therof  w*  the  gardeyne  therto  adioynyng  stretching  alonge  the 
ffrater  on  the  sowthe  parte,  and  the  other  parte  therof  lyeng  alonge 
the  cartewaye  goyng  into  the  tymber  yarde  on  the  north  parte/ 
from  the  Christmas  following  for  fifty  years,  at  a  yearly  rent  of 
xx  s.  sterling,  payable  at  the  four  terms.  The  Prioress  and  Convent 
to  keep  in  repair. { 

"On  the  20th  of  December,  29th  Hen.  VIII.  1537,  the  Prioress 
and  Convent  granted  to  John  Dodyngton,  gent,  aforesaid,  auditor 
of  their  accounts,  to  have  the  first  advowson,  nomination,  and 
presentation  of  their  vicarage  of  Eyworth,  in  the  county  of  Bedford 
and  diocese  of  Lincoln,  for  one  single  turn,  whenever  the  said 
vicarage  should  by  death,  resignation,  promotion,  or  in  any  other 
way,  chance  to  be  vacant,  as  fully  and  entirely  as  they  themselves 
the  patrons.  Allowed  by  the  Court  of  Augmentations  on  the  9th 
of  February,  35th  Hen.  VIII.  1543-4.§ 

"On  the  21st  of  January,  29th  Hen.  VIII.  1537-8,  the 
Prioress  and  Convent  granted  to  John  Sevvstre,  gent.,  for  good 
counsel,  past  and  future,  an  annual  pension  of  four  marcs,  issuing 
as  before,  for  the  term  of  his  life,  in  equal  portions  at  Lady  Day 
and  Michaelmas.  If  in  arrear  for  five  weeks,  the  said  John  to 
have  power  to  enter  and  distrain.  Allowed,  with  arrears,  by  the 
Court  of  Augmentations  on  the  12th  of  February,  30th  Hen.  VIII. 
1538-9.1! 


*  Conventual  Leases,  No.  11.  f  Ministers'  Accounts. 

J  Conventual  Leases,  No.  16.  §  Orders  and  Decrees,  xiv.  f.  78. 

||  Ministers'  Accounts.     Orders  and  Decrees,  x.  f.  149. 


Antony  Bonvixi,  Merchant.  21 

"On  the  16th  of  March,  29th  Hen.  VIII.  1537-8,  they 
leased  to  Nicholas  De  la  Mare,  priest,  one  little  tenement  on  the 
north  side  of  the  close  or  churchyard,  from  Lady  Day  following, 
for  the  term  of  the  ensuing  forty  years,  at  a  yearly  rent  of  x  s. 
payable  at  Michaelmas  and  Lady  Day.  If  in  arrear  for  half  a 
year,  the  Prioress  and  Convent  might  enter  and  distrain.  The 
lessors  were  to  do  all  necessary  repairs.  If  the  said  Nicholas  died 
before  the  end  of  the  aforesaid  term,  a  month  after  his  decease 
the  lease  to  be  void,  and  of  no  effect.* 

"  On  the  same  16th  of  March,  29th  Hen.  VIII.  1537-8,  they 
leased  a  tenement  to  David  Necton,  for  a  term  of  forty  years  from 
the  following  Lady  Day,  at  a  yearly  rent  of  x  s.,  payable  at  Lady 
Day  and  Michaelmas  in  equal  portions. f 

"  On  the  20th  of  March,  1537- 8,  they  granted  to  Thomas  Percye, 
citizen  and  skinner,  the  renewal  of  a  lease,  which  Alice  Tracthall 
a  former  Prioress,  had  granted  to  Thomas  Knyght,  by  indenture 
dated  the  20th  of  March,  13th  Hen.  VII.  1497-8,  of  a  tenement 
or  '  brue  hous  called  the  Scomer  vpon  the  Hope,  sett  and  being  in 
Byrchin  Lane,  and  a  plour  sett  on  the  northe  syde  of  the  hatte 
doreof  the  said  ten?  Bruehous  towardtthe  Strete/  &c.  from  Lady 
Day,  1547,  when  that  lease  would  expire,  to  the  end  of  a  term  of 
three  score  years,  at  a  yearly  rent  of  vj  li.  xiij  s.  iiij  d.  sterling, 
payable  at  the  four  terms.  If  in  arrear  for  six  weeks,  the  Prioress 
and  Convent  to  enter  and  distrain;  if  for  fourteen  weeks  to  re- 
possess. Repairs  by  the  farmer.  The  lessors  or  their  deputies 
might  examine  the  premises  twice  in  every  year,  to  see  that  the 
farmer  fulfilled  his  engagement.  J 

"  On  the  28th  of  March,  29th  Hen.  VIII.  1538,  they  leased  to 
Antony  Bonvixi,  merchant,  their  great  messuage,  with  all  houses, 
solars,  cellars,  gardens,  &c.  called  Crosbyes  Place,  together  with 
nine  messuages  belonging  to  the  same,  for  a  term  of  seventy-one 
years,  immediately  after  the  end  and  completion  of  a  term  of 
ninety-nine  years  to  John  Crosbye,  citizen  and  grocer  of  London, 
viz.,  from  the  feast  of  the  Nativity  of  S.  John  the  Baptist,  1565, 
at  a  yearly  rent  of  xj  li.  vj  s.  viij  d.  payable  at  the  usual  terms. § 


*  Conventual  Leases,  No.  12.  f  Ministers'  Accounts. 

J  Conventual  Leases,  No.  6. 
§  Ibid.,  No.  10.     Part,  for  grants,  Antony  Bonvyxe.     Ministers'  Accounts. 


22  John  Rollesleys  Annuity. 

11  On  the  30th  of  March,  29th  Hen.  VIII.  1538,  the  Prioress 
and  Convent  granted  to  Edward  Rollesley,  gent.,  in  consideration 
of  good  and  faithful  service,  an  annuity  of  forty  shillings  sterling, 
issuing  as  before,  for  the  time  of  his  life,  payable  at  Lady  Day  and 
Michaelmas  in  equal  portions.  If  in  arrear,  the  said  Edward 
might  enter  and  distrain.  The  said  Edward  was  put  into  posses- 
sion by  a  payment  to  him  of  fourpence.  Allowed  by  the  Court  of 
Augmentations,  with  arrears  from  the  Dissolution,  on  the  26th 
of  October,  31st  Hen.  VIII.  1539.* 

"  On  the  12th  of  April,  29th  Hen.  VIII.  1538,  they  leased  to 
Robert  Owterede,  citizen  and  cordwainer,  two  tenements  outside 
the  close,  for  a  term  of  thirty  years,  at  a  rent  of  xlvj  s.  viij  d. 
payable  at  the  usual  terms.f 

"  On  the  17th  of  April,  1538,  they  renewed  to  Domenic  Lomelyn 
a  lease  formerly  made  to  him  by  Isabell  Stampe,  Prioress  of 
S.  Helen's,  dated  the  3rd  of  December,  4th  Hen.  VIII.  1512, 
of  a  tenement  in  S.  Elen's,  for  four  score  and  eleven  years,  at 
a  yearly  rent  of  x  li.  x  s.  sterling.  If  in  arrear  for  six  weeks,  the 
Prioress  and  Convent  to  enter  and  distrain.  J 

"  On  the  20th  of  June,  30th  Hen.  VIII.  15 38, they  leased  to  John 
Melshame  a  tenement  in  Chepesyde,  in  the  parish  of  S.  Matthew 
in  Ffrydaye  Strete,  with  shops,  solars,  cellars,  &c.,  '  wherof  one 
shoppe  hath  the  signe  of  the  Mylke  mayde  w*  tankarde  on  her 
hedde,  and  the  other  shoppe  hath  the  signe  of  the  Cowe/  from  the 
Midsummer  following,  for  a  term  of  forty  years,  at  a  yearly  rent 
of  vj  li.  xiij  s.  iiij  d.  payable  at  the  four  usual  terms. § 

"  On  the  26th  of  June,  30th  Hen.  VIII.  1538,  the  Prioress  and 
Convent  granted  to  John  Rollesley,  gent.,  for  good  counsel  past 
and  future,  an  annuity  of  four  marcs  sterling,  issuing  as  before, 
for  the  term  of  his  life,  payable  in  equal  portions,  at  Lady  Day 
and  Michaelmas.  If  in  arrear  for  one  month,  the  said  John 
might  enter  and  distrain.  Allowed,  with  arrears  from  the  Disso- 
lution, by  the  Court  of  Augmentations,  on  the  24th  of  April,  31st 
Hen.  VIII.  1539.11 


*  Orders  and  Decrees,  vi.  f.  47  b.  f  Ministers'  Accounts. 

J  Conventual  Leases,  No.  26. 

§  Conventual  Leases,  No.  8.     Ministers'  Accounts. 

||  Orders  and  Decrees,  x.  f.  298  b. 


Grants  of  Sundry  Annuities.  23 

"On  the  30th  of  June,  30th  Hen.  VIII.  1538,  Mary,  the 
Prioress  and  Convent  gave  toHenry  Bowsell,  gentleman,  of  London, 
a  certain  annuity  or  annual  rent  often  shillings,  issuing  from  their 
lands  and  tenements  in  the  city  of  London.  It  was  granted  in 
reward  of  good  counsel  given  previously,  and  to  be  rendered  in 
time  to  come,  and  was  to  be  paid  in  equal  portions  at  Christmas 
and  Midsummer.  If  it  were  unpaid  for  the  time  of  six  weeks,  the  said 
Henry  might  enter  and  distrain.  This  was  allowed  by  the  Court 
of  Augmentations  on  the  28th  of  January,  34th  Hen.  VIII.  1542-3.* 

11  On  the  same  day  the  Prioress  and  Convent  granted  to  Henry 
Bowsfell,  gent.,  for  good  counsel,  &c.,  and  certain  other  consi- 
derations then  moving  them,  a  certain  annuity  or  annual  rent  of 
twenty-six  shillings  and  eightpence  sterling,  issuing  from  their 
property  in  London  and  elsewhere,  for  the  term  of  his  life,  payable 
yearly  at  Christmas  and  Midsummer,  in  equal  portions.  If  in 
arrear,  in  part  or  in  whole,  for  six  weeks,  the  aforesaid  Henry 
might  enter  and  distrain.  Allowed,  with  arrears  from  the  Dissolu- 
tion, by  the  Court  of  Augmentations,  on  the  17th  of  October,  31st 
Hen.  VIII.  1539.f 

"On  the  1st  of  July,  30th  Hen.  VIII.  1538,  they  leased  to  Wil- 
liam Shyrborne  a  tenement  with  cellars,  solars,  &c.,  outside  the 
close,  from  the  feast  of  the  Nativity  of  S.  J  ohn  the  Baptist  in  that 
year,  for  a  term  of  thirty  years,  at  a  yearly  rent  of  xx  s.  payable 
at  the  usual  terms. \ 

"On  the  2nd  of  July,  30th  Hen.  VIII.  1538,  they  leased  to 
William  Shelton  two  tenements  in  the  parish  of-  S.  Mary  at  Naxe, 
for  a  term  of  fourscore  years  from  the  following  Michaelmas,  at  a 
yearly  rent  of  xl  s.  payable  at  the  four  terms.  If  in  arrear  for  a 
quarter  of  a  year,  the  Prioress  and  Convent  might  enter  and  dis- 
train. Repairs  by  the  farmer.  § 

"On  the  9th  of  July,  30th  Hen.  VIII.  1538,  the  Prioress  and 
Convent  granted  to  Jerome  Shelton,  gent.,  for  good  counsel  past 
and  future,  an  annuity  or  annual  rent  of  four  marcs  sterling, 
issuing  from  their  tenements  in  the  city  of  London  or  elsewhere, 
for  the  term  of  his  life,  payable  at  Christmas  and  Midsummer, 
in  equal  portions.  If  in  arrear  for  forty  days,  the  said  Jerome 

*  Orders  and  Decrees,  xiii.  f.  126  b.  f  Ibid.  vi.  f.  114  b. 

£  Ministers'  Accounts. 
§  Conventual  Leases,  No.  7.     Ministers'  Accounts. 


24  Annuities  and  Leases. 

might  enter  and  distrain.  The  Court  of  Augmentations  con- 
tinued this  payment  to  the  said  Jerome,  with  arrears  from  the 
Dissolution  of  the  House,  on  the  12th  of  February,  30th  Hen.  VIII. 
1538-9.* 

"  On  the  same  day,  the  Prioress  and  Convent  granted  to  Roger 
Hall,  for  good  and  faithful  service,  an  annuity  of  twenty  shillings, 
issuing  as  before,  for  the  term  of  his  life,  payable  at  Christmas  and 
Midsummer.  If  in  arrear  for  five  weeks,  the  said  Roger  might 
enter  and  distrain.  Allowed,  with  arrears  from  the  Dissolution, 
by  the  Court  of  Augmentations,  on  the  19th  of  November,  32nd 
Hen.  VIII.  1540.f 

' '  On  the  same  day,  the  Prioress  and  Convent  granted  to  John 
Staverton,  gent.,  for  good  counsel,  &c.,  an  annuity  of  four  marcs 
sterling,  issuing  as  before,  for  the  term  of  his  life,  payable  at 
Christmas  and  Midsummer,  in  equal  portions.  If  in  arrear  for 
fourteen  days,  the  said  John  might  enter  and  distrain.  Allowed, 
with  arrears  from  the  Dissolution,  by  the  Court  of  Augmentations, 
on  the  20th  of  November,  32nd  Hen.  VIII.  15404 

"  On  the  1st  of  August,  30th  Hen.  VIII.  1538,  they  leased  to 
John  Rollesley  their  manor  of  Marke,  with  all  and  singular  its 
appurtenances,  situated  in  the  parishes  of  Leyton  and  Walcombe- 
stowe,  in  the  county  of  Essex,  together  with  all  its  lands,  tene- 
ments, rents,  services,  &c.,  for  a  term  of  fourscore  years  from  the 
next  following  Michaelmas,  at  a  yearly  rent  of  viij  li.  payable  at 
Lady  Day  and  Michaelmas  in  equal  portions.  Repairs  to  be  done 
by  the  aforesaid  farmer. § 

"  On  the  20th  of  August,  30th  Hen.  VIII.  1538,  they  leased  to 
Thomas  Persey  one  messuage  with  shops,  cellars,  solars,  &c.  in 
the  parish  of  S.  Martin  Owtewiche,  for  a  term  of  sixty  years, 
at  a  yearly  rent  of  liij  s.  iiij  d.  payable  at  the  four  usual  terms.  || 

"  On  the  1st  of  September,  30th  Hen.  VIII.  1538,  they  leased 
to  Richard  Staverton  a  messuage  with  appurtenances  in  the 
parish  of  S.  Mary  Magdalene  in  the  Old  Fishmarket,  for  a 
term  of  fourscore  years,  at  a  yearly  rent  of  Ixvj  s.  viij  d.H 

"On  the  10th  of  September,   30th  Hen.  VIII.   1538,  they 


*  Orders  and  Decrees,  x.  f.  127.  f  Ibid.  viii.  f.  56  b. 

Ibid.  viii.  f.  89  b.       §  Conventual  Leases,  No.  21.       Ministers'  Accounts. 
II  Ministers'  Accounts.  [  Ibid. 


Last  Act  of  the  Prioress  and  Convent.  25 

leased  to  Richard  Stavertou  aforesaid,  his  executors  and  assigns 
two  tenements  outside  the  close  for  a  term  of  fourscore  years  from 
the  Michaelmas  of  the  same  year,  at  a  rent  of  xlvj  s.  viij  d.  payable 
at  the  usual  terms. * 

"  On  the  same  day  they  leased  to  Richard  Staverton  aforesaid  a 
tenement  in  the  parish  of  S.  Matthew  in  ffrydayestrete,  for  a  term 
of  fourscore  years,  at  a  yearly  rent  of  Ixvj  s.  viij  d.  payable  at  the 
four  usual  terms. f 

"On  the  same  day  they  leased  to  the  aforesaid  Richard 
Staverton,  his  executors  and  assigns,  two  tenements  in  the  parish 
of  S.  John  in  Walbrooke,  for  a  term  of  fourscore  years,  at  a  rent 
of  Ixxvj  s.  viij  d.  payable  at  the  four  terms. J 

"  On  the  1st  of  October,  30th  Hen.  VIII.  1538,  the  Prioress 
and  Convent  granted  to  John  Melsham,  gent.,  for  good  counsel, 
&c.,  an  annuity  of  twenty  shillings,  issuing  as  before,  for  the  term 
of  his  life,  payable  at  Lady  Day  and  Michaelmas,  in  equal  portions. 
If  in  arrear  for  five  weeks,  the  aforesaid  John  might  enter  and 
distrain.  Allowed  by  the  Court  of  Augmentations  on  the  22nd 
of  November,  32nd  Hen.  VIII.  1540.§ 

"  On  the  4th  of  October,  30th  Hen.  VIII.  1538,  they  leased 
to  Antony  Bonvixi,  his  executors  and  assigns,  a  tenement  with 
solars,  cellars,  &c.,  situated  in  a  certain  alley  within  their  close, 
over  the  '  larder-house '  and  the  '  cole-house '  of  the  said  Antony, 
and  lately  in  the  tenure  of  Julian  Fraunces,  for  a  term  of  fourscore 
years  from  the  feast  of  Michaelmas  in  that  year,  at  a  yearly  rent  of 
x  s.  payable  at  the  usual  terms.  Repairs  were  to  be  made  by  the 
farmer.  || 

"  This  was  the  last  act  of  the  Prioress  and  Convent  before  the 
event  which  removed  from  them  the  power  of  entering  into  any 
similar  engagements  for  the  time  to  come.  In  less  than  two 
months  afterwards  the  storm  had  fallen  upon  them,  and  all  was 
over.  The  unhappy  Sisters,  like  hundreds  of  others  in  similar 
establishments,  were  then  ruthlessly  expelled  from  their  ancient 
home,  to  encounter  the  dangers  of  a  world  of  which  they  had 


*  Ministers'  Accounts.  f  Ibid.  J  Ibid. 

§  Orders  and  Decrees,  viii.  f.  81. 

||  Conventual  Leases,  No.  22.      Part,  for  grants,  Antony  Bonvyxe,  and 
Ministers'  Accounts. 


26  Edward  Alley ne. 

hitherto  little  or  no  experience.  The  original  deed  of  Surrender 
still  exists  in  the  Record  Office.  There  are  no  signatures  to  this 
document,  which  was  forced  on  the  sufferers  against  their  will, 
already  prepared  before  it  was  submitted  to  their  acceptance,  and 
slightly  concealing,  under  a  flimsy  disguise  of  law,  an  act  of  the 
basest  and  most  shameless  despotism.  The  common  seal  of  the 
Priory  was  appended ;  but  only  a  fragment  of  it  now  remains.  The 
document  bears  date  the  25th  of  November,  30th  Hen.  VIII. 
1538 — not  1539,  as  the  editors  of  Dugdale  have  stated  in  error. 

"  The  names  of  the  last  Prioress  and  Sisters,  so  far  as  they 
have  been  recovered,  were  Mary  Rollesley,  Prioress,  and  Margaret 
Sampson,  Elizabeth  Graye,  Katherine  Glassappe,  Joan  Pamplyii, 
Elionor  Hanham,  and  Ann  Alleyne,  Sisters.  The  latter  were 
surviving  in  1556.  It  is  probable  that  half  were  by  that  time  dead. 
But  there  is  no  certain  account  of  the  number  who  witnessed  the 
destruction  of  their  House. 

"  It  is  probable  that  the  last  named  Sister  was  daughter  of  the 
John  Aleyn  and  Agnes  his  wife  to  whom  the  Prioress  and  Convent, 
on  the  19th  of  July,  12th  Hen.  VIII.  1520,  leased  a  tenement  in 
the  parish  of  S.  Olave  by  London  Bridge,  called  the  '  Sonne/ 
alias  the  '  Salutacyon/  and  a  messuage  adjacent  to  the  same,  for 
the  term  of  the  life  of  the  survivor,  at  a  yearly  rent  of  six  pounds 
thirteen  shillings  and  fourpence."*  It  is  surmised  that  she  was 
related  also  to  the  famous  Bishopsgate  benefactor,  the  munificent 
Edward  Alleyne,  born  in  the  parish  of  S.  Botolph,  September  1st, 
1566,  and  founder  of  Dulwich  College  in  1619  (?) 

"  Roger  Hall,  already  mentioned,  was  janitor  of  the  west  gate 
of  the  close,  and  with  Alice  his  wife  was  at  the  Dissolution  of  the 
Priory  in  possession  of  a  house  worth  10s.  a  year.f 

"  At  the  time  of  the  Suppression  the  Prioress  received  a  gratuity 
of  xxx  li.  and  the  grant  of  an  annual  pension  of  xli. ;{  and  four 
annuities,  or  '  perpetual  pensions/  in  behalf  of  the  dissolved 
House,  amounting  yearly  to  the  sum  of  cxij  s.  ij  d.  ob.  were  paid 
by  the  Government  to  'the  Deane  and  Chapiter  of  Pawles'  in 
the  34th,  35th,  36th,  37th,  and  3Sth  years  of  Hen.  VIII.§ 


*  Ministers'  Accounts.  f  Ibid. 

J  Misc.  Books,  Off.  Aug.  vol.  245,  n.  228. 
§  Misc.  Books,  Off.  Aug.  vols.  248,  249,  250,  256,  262. 


Adam  Fraunces.  27 

"In  the  year  1556  the  annuities  and  pensions  paid  to  the 
former  officers  and  inmates  of  the  Priory  were  as  follows: — 

s.  HELEN'S  LATE  PRIORY. 

Annuities. 

Edward  Rowlesley      .         .         .         xls. 
John  Rowlesley  .         .         .         liij  s.         iij  d 

Richard  Berde  .         .         .         xl  s. 

John  Melsham  .         .         .         xx  s. 


Margaret  Sampson     .         .         .  liij  s.  iiij  d. 

Elizabeth  Graye          .         .         .  liij  s.  iiij  d. 

Katherine  Glassappe  .         .  liij  s.  iiij  d. 

Joan  Pamplyn  .         .         .  Ixvj  s.  viij  d. 

Elionor  Hanham         .         .         .  liij  s.  iiij  d. 

Ann  Aleyne        ....  liij  s.  iiij  d.  * 

"  There  were  two  Chantriesf  in  the  Church  of  S.  Helen's,  the 
priests  of  which  received  annual  stipends  from  the  Priory.  These 
incumbents  at  the  time  of  the  '  Valor/  in  1536,  were 

David  Netley,  B.  V.  M.  .  viij  li. 

Thomas  Criche,  Holy  Ghost     .         .          vij  li. 

"  In  the  Ministers'  Accounts,  31-32  Hen.  VIII.  we  find 

Nicholas  de  la  Mer,  B.  V.  M.  founded  for 

the  soul  of  Adam  Fraunces         .         .         viij  li. 
Thomas  Ryson,  Holy  Ghost,  founded  for 

the  soul  of  Adam  Fraunces,         .         .         vij  li. 
Thomas  Wynestaneley,  Nuns'  chaplain   .       vj  li.  xiij  s.  iiij  d. 
"  In   the    Certificate    of    Chauntries    and   Fraternities,    2nd 
Edward  VI.  the  names  of  the  last  incumbents  are  thus  given,  with 
their  previous  stipends  and  post-Dissolution  pensions  : — 

S.  Ellens. 

Thomas  Wynston,  vj  li.  xiij  s.  iiij  d.          .         pension  c  s. 
Thomas  Robson      vij  li.  »   '      C  s. 


*  Cardinal  Pole's  Pension  Book,  f.  iii. 

f  These  Chantries  have  lately  been  discovered,  and  restored,  for  a 
description  of  which,  see  p.  41.  The  will  of  Adam  Fraunces  is  inserted  in 
the  Appendix. 


28  Cardinal  Poles  Pension  Book. 

"  In  the  Particulars  for  the  sale  of  the  Chantry  Lands  it  is  stated 
that  certain  property  in  S.  Helen's  of  this  nature  was  sold  on  the 
24th  of  December,  3  Edward  VI.  1549,  and  on  the  26th  of  January, 
3  Edward  VI.  1549-50,  to  John  Roulande,  page  of  the  King's 
wardrobe,  and  was  '  past  in  the  names  of  John  Dodington  and 
William  Warde,  as  parcel  of  the  sum  of  Mcclxxv  li.  iiij  s.  viij  d.'* 

"  Lastly,  from  Cardinal  Pole's  Pension  Book  we  learn  that  the 
priests  before  mentioned  were  still  living  in  1556. 

CHANTRIES  IN  THE  CHURCH  OF  S.  HELENAS. 

Pensions. 

Thomas  Robson,  lately  incumbent  there        .         .       c  s. 
Thomas  Wynstanley,  lately  incumbent  there         .       c  s.f 

"  Of  the  scene  of  these  transactions,  not  a  stone  remains  to  tell 
of  the  House  and  its  glories.  A  view  of  the  place  as  it  existed  at 
the  close  of  the  last  century,  which  is  furnished  by  Wilkinson  in 
his  Lond.  Illust.,  represents  the  ruins  of  edifices  whose  main  por- 
tions and  features  are  of  the  Early  English  period,  and  which  were 
probably  coeval  with  the  foundation  of  the  Priory.  These  he  calls 
the  '  Remains  of  the  Fratry.'  Having  had  the  advantage  of  a 
personal  examination  of  these  beautiful  memorials,  he  says  :  '  The 
door  leading  from  the  cloister  to  the  fratry,  which  the  writer  of 
this  well  remembers  to  have  seen  at  the  late  demolition  of  it,  was 
particularly  elegant,  the  mouldings  of  the  upper  part  being  filled 
with  roses  of  stone  painted  scarlet  and  gilt ;  the  windows  of  the 
fratry  itself  also,  which  were  nearly  lancet-shaped,  were  extremely 
beautiful/  He  also  gives  two  views  of  the  beautiful  'crypt/  and 
one  of  the  hall  above  it ;  the  former  of  which  is  in  the  Early 
English  style,  while  the  latter  has  ornamental  additions  of  post- 
Dissoultion  times.  It  appears  by  his  plan  that  there  were  at  least 
two  '  crypts/  one  under  the  hall,  and  another  to  the  south,  under 
what  would  be  called  the  withdrawing  room.  It  is  the  former 
which  is  represented  in  his  engravings. 

"  Of  contemporary  descriptions,"  Mr.  Hugo  remarks,  "  that  con- 
tained in  the  '  Valor '  simply  makes  mention  of  the  '  scite  of  the 
Priory,  with  the  court-yards  and  little  gardens,  with  divers  houses 


*  Parts,  for  Sale  of  Chantries,  vol.  i.  p.  270  b. 
•f"  Cardinal  Pole's  Pension  Book,  f.  iiii. 


Survey  of  the  King's  Officers.  29 

situated  within  the  precinct/  And  the  Ministers'  Accounts  are 
similarly  meagre.  A  few  particulars,  already  given  from  several  of 
the  leases,  necessarily  refer  to  the  adjoining  premises  rather  than  to 
the  Priory  itself.  Stow,  Howel,  and  others  furnish  us  with  nothing 
to  supply  the  deficiency.  Truly  valuable,  therefore,  and  by  far  the 
most  interesting  description  of  the  House  with  which  I  am 
acquainted,  is  the  following  Survey  of  the  King's  Officers,  pre- 
liminary to  the  disposal  of  the  property.  It  is  a  picture  of  the 
place  as  the  Nuns  left  it,  and  before  the  changes  which  soon  after- 
wards ensued  : — 

"  '  The  late  Priory e  of  Saint  Elenes  within  the  Citye  of  London. 
The  View  and  Surveye  ther  taken  the  xxist  daye  of  June,  in  the 
xxxiij  Yeare  of  the  raigne  of  our  Soveraigne  Lord  Kinge  Henrye 
the  viijth,  by  Thomas  Mildmay,  one  of  the  King's  Auditors  there- 
unto assigned.  That  is  to  saye, 

" '  The  Parisshe  of  Saint  Elenes,  within  the  Citie  of  London, 
and  the  Scite  of  the  late  Priory  therin. 

"  '  Fyrste,  the  cheaf  entre  or  cominge  in  to  the  same  late  Priory 
ys  in  and  by  the  street  gate  lyying  in  the  pishe  of  S*  Elenes,  in 
Bysshopsgate  Streat,  which  leadeth  to  a  little  cowrte  next  adioyn- 
ing  to  the  same  gate,  havinge  chambers,  howses,  and  buyldinges, 
environinge  the  same,  out  of  wcb  cowrte  there  is  an  entre  leadinge 
to  an  inner  cowrte,  wch  on  the  North  side  is  also  likewise  environed 
wth  edificyons  and  buyldings,  called  the  Stewardes  lodging,  with  a 
Countinge  house  apperteninge  to  the  same.  Item,  next  to  the 
same  cowrte  ther  ys  a  faire  Kechinge,  withe  a  pastery  house, 
larder  houses,  and  other  howses  of  office,  apperteninge  to  the 
same  ;  and  at  the  Est  ende  of  the  same  Kechyn  and  entre  leadinge 
to  the  same  hall,  wth  a  litle  plor  adioyning,  having  under  the  same 
hall  and  plor  sondrie  howses  of  office,  next  adioyning  to  the 
Cloyster  ther,  and  one  howse  called  the  Covent  plor.  Item,  iij  fair 
Chambers  adioyninge  to  the  hall,  whearof  the  one  over  the  entree 
leadinge  to  the  cloyster,  thother  over  the  Buttree,  and  the  third 
over  the  larder.  Item,  from  the  said  entre  by  the  hall,  to  the 
Cloyster,  wch  cloyster  yet  remaneth  holly  leaded,  and  at  the  North 
side  of  the  same  cloyster  a  fare  long  howse  called  the  Fratree. 
Item,  at  thest  end  of  the  same  Cloyster,  a  lodginge  called  the 
Suppryors  lodging,  wth  a  litle  gardin  lieng  to  the  same.  And 
by  the  same  lodginge  a  pare  of  staires  leading  to  the  Dortor,  at  the 


30  Site  of  the  Priory. 

Southend  whearof  ther  is  a  litle  hows,  wherein  the  Evidence  of  the 
said  hows  nowe  dou  remayne,  wth  all  howses  and  lodginges  vnder 
the  same  Dorter.  Item,  at  the  Westende  of  the  same  cloyster,  a 
done  leadinge  in  to  the  nuhes  late  Quire,  extending  from  the  dore 
out  of  the  churche  yarde  unto  the  lampe  or  pticyon  deviding  the 
priorye  from  the  pisshe,  wch  is  holly  leaded.  Item,  at  thest  ende 
of  the  said  cloyster,  an  entre  leading  to  a  little  Garden,  and  out  of 
the  same  littell  garden  to  a  faire  garden  called  the  Covent  Garden, 
coteninge  by  estimacn  half  an  acre.  And,  at  the  Northend  of  the 
said  garden,  a  dore  leading  to  another  garden  called  the  Kechin 
garden ;  and  at  the  Westende  of  the  same  ther  is  a  Dove-howsshe  • 
and  in  the  same  garden  a  dore  to  a  faire  Woodyerd,  wth  howses, 
pticons,  and  gardens,  wthin  the  same  Woodyerd  a  tenement,  wth  a 
garden,  a  stable,  and  other  thapptances  to  the  same  belonginge, 
called  Elizabeth  Hawtes  lodginge.  All  which  pmisses  ben  rated, 
extentyd,  and  valued,  The  Kings  highnesse  to  be  discharged  of  the 
repacons,  of  the  yerely  value  of 

vj  li.  xiij  s.  iiij  d- 

"  '  Item,  one  Tenement  their  in,  in  the  hold  of  Wittm.  Baker, 
by  the  yeare,  xx  s. 

" '  Item,  one  other  Tenement,  in  the  hold  of  Jane  Julian,  by  the 
yeare,  xiij  s.  iiij  d. 

"  *  Item,  one  other  Tenement  ther,  in  the  hold  of  Edmude 
Brewer,  by  the  yeare,  xiij  s.  iiij  d. 

"  '  Item,  one  other  Tenement  ther,  in  the  hold  of  Eye  Sturdye, 
by  the  yeare,  xiij  s.  iiij  d. 

" '  Item,  one  other  Tenement  ther,  in  the  hold  of  Lanclott 

Harryson,  by  the  yeare,  xiij  s.  iiij  d. 

viij  li.  xiij  s.  iiij  d. 

Sma  x  li.  vj  s.  viij  d. 
Exm  p  me  THOMAM  MILDMATE,  Auditor/* 

"  The  House  was  evidently  a  large  and  goodly  collection  of 
edifices.  You  entered  from  Bishopsgate  Street  by  a  gateway 
into  a  court  surrounded  by  the  more  humble  buildings  of  the 
community,  and  from  thence  into  an  inner  court  which  contained 
some  of  the  more  important  offices,  the  steward's  lodging  and 


*  Archaeol.  xvi.  29.     Malcolm's  Lond.  Bed.  iii.  550,  551. 


Plan  of  Buildings. 


31 


counting-house,  the  kitchen,  pastry-house,  larder,  and  other  apart- 
ments, the  entrance  to  the  hall  and  an  adjoining  parlour,  with 
offices  below  them,  as  well  as  that  to  the  cloister  and  the  Convent 
parlour.  The  entrance  to  the  cloister,  the  buttery,  and  larder  had 


r\ 


each  an  elegant  chamber  above  them  adjoining  the  hall.  Next 
came  the  Cloister,  on  the  north  of  which  was  a  long  and  goodly 
building,  called  the  Fratry,  and  on  the  east  the  lodging  of  the 
Sub-prioress  with  its  garden.  Adjoining  this  a  flight  of  stairs  led 
to  the  dormitory,  south  of  which  was  a  small  house,  in  which  were 
deposited  the  various  leases  and  other  legal  documents  connected 
with  the  conventual  property.  West  of  the  cloister  a  door  led  to 
the  Nuns'  church.  An  entry  on  the  east  side,  by  the  Sub- 
prioress's  lodging  and  the  dormitory,  introduced  you  to  a  little 
garden,  and  thence  to  the  fair  pleasure-garden  of  the  house.  At 
the  north  end  of  this  a  door  led  to  the  kitchen-garden,  with  a 
dove-house  at  its  western  end ;  and  a  further  door  communicated 
with  a  capacious  wood  yard,  which  embraced  various  enclosures, 
tenements,  gardens,  a  stable,  and  other  appurtenances.  Such 
was  the  home  of  the  Nuns  of  S.  Helen's. 

"  The  north  aisle  of  the  Church  of  S.  Helen's  was  '  the  Nunnes 
Quire/  and  was  divided,  by  a  screen  from  pier  to  pier  of  the 
arcade,  from  the  part  appropriated  to  the  parish.  One  of  the 
fastenings,  or  a  piece  of  iron  popularly  considered  so  to  be,  until  the 
restoration  of  1867,  was  to  be  seen  occupying  its  original  position 


32  Curious  Hagioscope. 

on  the  east  side  of  one  of  the  piers.  In  the  north  wall  of  this  aisle 
is  a  curious  hagioscope,  which  at  first  sight  looks  like  an  altar- 
tomb.  Its  base  is  ornamented  with  panels,  and  through  these,  which 
although  now  filled  up  behind,  were  pierced  with  oblique  openings, 
an  altar  at  the  east  end  of  the  same  aisle  might  have  been  seen 
from  the  so-called  '  crypt/  which,  I  believe,  was  used  by  the  nuns 
as  a  cloister." 

With  reference  to  the  dispersion  of  the  spoil,  so  far  as  regards 
the  site  of  the  house,  and  of  the  various  adjoining  tenements  in 
and  about  the  close,  Mr.  Hugo  has  supplied  the  following  highly 
important  information  in  his  lecture  above  referred  to  :* — 

"On  the  21st  of  April,  30th  Hen.  VIII.  1539,  the  King 
granted  to  Balthazar  Gwercy,  of  the  city  of  London,  surgeon,  and 
Joan  his  wife,  certain  tenements,  gardens,  &c.  in  the  parishes  of 
S.  Mary  at  Nax  and  S.  Andrew  Undershafte  in  consideration  of 
£71  10$.  the  property  to  be  held  of  the  King  in  ckief  by  the 
service  of  a  twentieth  part  of  one  knight's  fee,  and  a  yearly  rent 
of  xxvj  s.  viij  d.  payable  at  Michaelmas. f 

"  On  the  3rd  of  October,  31st  Hen.  VIII.  1539,  the  King 
granted  to  Guy  Crafford,  Esq.  and  Joan  his  wife,  in  consideration 
of  the  sum  of  £54,  a  messuage  or  tenement,  with  cellars,  solars, 
stables,  gardens,  &c.,  situated  in  the  parish  of  S.  Helen's,  and 
within  the  close  of  the  late  Priory,  formerly  in  the  tenure  of 
Thomas  Benolt,  then  in  that  of  Sir  Arthur  Darcy,  knt.  and  lastly 
in  that  of  the  aforesaid  Guy.  Also  another  messuage  adjoining  the 
same  on  the  west,  and  lately  in  the  tenure  of  George  Taylour,  gent. 
Both  were  among  the  possessions  of  the  late  Priory,  and  were  to 
be  held  from  Lady  Day  last  past  by  the  service  of  a  twentieth  part 
of  one  knight's  fee,  and  a  yearly  rent  of  six  shillings  and  eight 
pence  by  name  of  tithe  payable  at  Michaelmas.  The  grant  was 
made  without  fine  great  or  small,  and  was  dated,  witness  the  King 
at  Westminster,  on  the  day  aforesaid.  J 

"  On  the  3rd  of  March,  31st  Hen.  VIII.  1539-40,  the  King 
granted  to  William  Crane,  Esq.  and  Margaret  his  wife,  and  their 
heirs,  ten  tenements,  within  the  close  and  circuit  of  the  late 
Priory  of  S.  Helen's,  then  in  the  tenure  of  John  Parker,  Guy 

*  See  p.  12. 

f  Ministers'  Accounts.     Pat.  30th  Hen.  VIII.  p.  8,  mm.  8  (20),  7  (21). 
t  Pat.  31st  Hen.  VIII.  p.  4,  m.  (35)  20.    Orig.  31st  Hen.  VIII.  p.  1,  r.  Iv. 


Grant  of  the  Site.  33 

Crayford,  Hugh  Vaughan,  Edward  Brysseley,  Margaret  Dalton, 
John  Barnard,  Richard  Herman,  John  Harrope,  and  Adrian 
Bryscombe ;  three  chambers,  in  the  tenure  of  William  Damaral, 
and  Emma  Lawe,  within  the  close;  and  six  chambers  in  the  tenure 
of  Richard  Atkyns,  Alice  Paule,  Reginald  Deane,  Elizabeth 
Watson,  and  the  aforesaid  William,  situated  in  a  certain  alley  within 
the  close ;  a  tenement  in  the  tenure  of  John  Parker  within  the 
close,  in  the  parish  of  S.  Andrew  Undershaft;  and  another  tenement 
in  the  tenure  of  the  said  William  within  the  close,  all  belonging 
to  the  said  late  Priory,  and  leased  to  John  Rollesley.  The  property 
was  to  be  held  by  the  service  of  a  twentieth  part  of  one  knighfs 
fee,  and  a  yearly  rent  of  thirty-four  shillings  and  eightpence. 
The  grant  is  dated  at  Westminster  on  the  day  above  mentioned.* 

"  Then  came  the  grant  of  the  site  of  the  House  itself. 

"  On  the  29th  of  March,  33rd  Hen.  VIII.  1542,  the  King 
granted  to  Sir  Richard  Williams,  knt.,  alias  Crumwell,  in  ex- 
change for  the  manors  of  Brampton  and  Hemyngford  Grey,  in 
the  county  of  Huntingdon,  and  for  the  sum  of  7317.  Os.  l\d. 
sterling,  various  lands  in  the  counties  of  Glamorgan,  Herts, 
Huntingdon,  Bedford,  Norfolk,  &c.  Also  the  whole  of  the 
site,  sept,  circuit,  and  precinct  of  the  late  Priory  of  S.  Helen's 
the  church  vulgarly  called  'the  Nonnes  Churche  of  Seynt 
Helyns/  and  all  and  singular  messuages,  houses,  buildings,  &c. 
&c.,  belonging  to  the  said  site.  Also  certain  messuages  in  the 
tenure  or  occupation  of  William  Baker,  Jane  Julyan,  Edmund 
Brewer,  Guy  Sturdye,  and  Lancelot  Harrison,  or  their  assigns. 
Added  to  this  horrible  amount  of  sacrilege,  other  lands  in  the 
counties  of  Devon,  Herts,  Huntingdon,  and  others,  lately  belonging 
to  the  dissolved  monasteries  of  Ramsey,  Nethe,  S.  Alban's,  Hun- 
tingdon, Forde,  Yermouth,  &c.  The  property  was  to  be  held  in 
chief,  by  the  service  of  a  tenth  part  of  one  knight's  fee  and  the 
payment  of  various  yearly  rents  for  the  different  portions,  that 
for  the  S.  Helen's  property  amounting  to  thirty-nine  shillings  and 
nine  pence  farthing  sterling,  for  all  services  and  demands.  The 
grant  bears  date,  witness  the  King,  at  Westminster,  on  the  day 
above  mentioned.t 


*  Pat.  31  Hen.  VIII.  p.  7,  m.  1  (32).     Orig.  31st  Hen.  VIII.  p.  2,  r.  ccv. 
f  Pat.  33  Hen.  VIII.  p.  6,  mm.  37  (16)— 34  (19).  Orig.  33rd  Hen.  VIII. 
p.  3,  r.  xxi. 

D 


34  Lease  of  Crosby  Place. 

"On  the  9th  September,  34th  Henry  VIII.  1542,  the  King 
granted  to  Antony  Bonvixi,  merchant,  in  return  for  the  sum  of 
20 11.  18$.  4>d.  together  with  certain  property  in  Essex,  the  rever- 
sion of  Crosbyes  Place,  and  all  solars,  cellars,  gardens,  lanes, 
messuages,  tenements,  void  pieces  of  ground,  and  all  other  ap- 
purtenances thereunto  belonging.  It  had  been  already  leased 
to  him,  as  we  have  seen,  by  indenture  dated  28th  March, 
29th  Hen.  VIII.  1538.  Also  various  curtilages  in  the  parish  of 
S.  Mary  at  Naxe,  leased  to  the  same  on  the  4th  October,  30th 
Hen.  VIII.  1538.  Crosbyes  Place  with  appurtenances  was 
valued  at  the  clear  yearly  sum  of  III.  16$.  Sd.  and  the  pro- 
perty in  the  adjoining  parish  at  that  of  12,?.  The  former  was 
to  held  in  chief,  by  the  service  of  a  fortieth  part  of  one 
knight's  fee  and  the  payment  of  a  yearly  rent  of  twenty-three 
shillings  and  eight  pence  of  lawful  money  of  England  payable 
at  Michaelmas  by  name  of  tithe.  The  latter  also  in  chief,  by 
the  service  of  a  hundredth  part  of  one  knight's  fee,  and  a 
similar  rent  of  15^.  payable  at  Michaelmas.  The  grant  was 
dated,  witness  the  King,  at  Westminster,  the  9th  December, 
1542.* 

"  On  the  16th  July,  35th  Hen.  VIII.  1543,  the  King  granted 
to  Roland  Goodman,  citizen  of  London,  for  146^.  Os.  6^.,  the 
property  formerly  leased  to  him,  a  tenement  called  '  le  Shedd/ 
lately  in  the  tenure  of  John  Newton,  with  a  garden  and  three 
closes  of  land,  in  the  parish  of  S.  Botolph  without  Bishopsgate, 
and  belonging  to  the  Priory.  Property  belonging  to  other  houses 
accompanied  the  aforesaid.  That  of  S.  Helen's  was  to  be  held  in 
chief  by  the  service  of  a  hundredth  part  of  one  knight's  fee  and 
a  yearly  rent  of  five  shillings  and  four  pence.  The  grant  was 
dated,  witness  the  King,  at  Terling,  on  the  day  before  named. f 
The  original  instrument  is  still  preserved  among  the  Harleian 
Charters,  a  large  sheet  of  parchment,  with  a  pen  and  ink  minia- 
ture of  the  royal  dealer  in  the  upper  left-hand  corner,  and 


*  Pat.  34  Hen.  VIII.  p.  1,  mm.  14  (13)— 12  (15).     Orig.  34th  Hen.  VHI. 
p.  1,  r.  xvi. 

t    Pat.  35  Hen.  VIII.  p.  9,  mm.  14  (26),  13  (27).  Orig.  35th  Hen.VIII.  p.  4, 
r.  iiij    xv. 


Surrender  of  Priory.  35 

a  tolerable  impression  of  the  Great  Seal  appendant  at  the 
foot.* 

"On  the  24th  September,  36th  Henry  VIII.  1544,  the  King 
granted  to  Roger  Higham  and  William  Grene,  among  other  pos- 
sessions of  various  London  houses,  divers  tenements  in  the  parish 
of  S.  Helen's  lately  in  the  tenure  of  William  Shirborne,  Robert 
Owtred,  William  Plumpton,  Richard  Kyrton,  William  Hunte 
'wever/  John  Dymmocke,  and  Richard  Staverton,  with  other 
tenements  in  the  parish  of  S.  Ethelburga  and  elsewhere,  belong- 
ing to  the  late  Priory.  The  annual  value  of  these  amounted  to 
the  sum  of  19/.  125.  %d.  and  they  were  to  be  held  in  free  burgage 
for  all  services  and  demands.  The  grant  was  dated,  witness 
Katherine,  Queen  of  England,  and  General  Ruler  of  the  same, 
at  Westminster  on  the  day  named  above,  f 

t(  The  more  distant  portions  of  the  possessions  were  granted  to 
Henry  Lord  Audley, William  Gurle,  Sir  Martin  Bowes,  Christopher 
Campion,  John  Rollesley,  Richard  Tate,  John  Pope,  Robert  Cur- 
son,  John  Gates,  William  Bodye,  John  Small,  Thomas  Goodwyn, 
Dominic  Lomelyn,  Robert  Harrys,  Richard  Taverner  and  others." 

At  the  dissolution  of  religious  houses  the  priory  was  surren- 
dered (30  Hen.  VIII.),  and,  according  to  the  foregoing  declaration, 
was  valued  according  to  Speed  at  376^.  65. ;  Dugdale  gives  the 
valuation  at  314£.  2s.  Qd. 

After  the  suppression,  King  Henry  VIII. 4  in  the  33rd  year 
of  his  reign,  gave  the  site  of  the  priory  and  its  church  (called  the 
Nuns'  Church)  §  to  Richard  Williams,  alias  Cromwell,  and  the 
whole  church,  the  partition  betwixt  the  Nuns'  Church  and  the 
Parish  Church  being  taken  down,  now  remaineth  to  the  parish. [| 
It  is  a  Gothic  structure  of  the  lighter  kind,  consisting  of  a  plain 
body  with  large  windows.  The  steeple  was  not  built  until  the  year 
1669,  and  is  wrought  with  rustic  at  the  corners,  with  a  turret  and 
dome.  It  appears,  according  to  Stow,  that  Sir  Thomas  Gresham 


*  Harl.  Cart.  51  H.  21. 

f  Part,  for  Grants,  William  Grene.    Pat.  36  Hen.   VIII.  p.  14,  mm. 
37  (3)— 34  (6).     Orig.  36  Hen.  VIII.  p.  5,  r.  i. 

£  Newcourt's  Repert.  Eccles.  Lond.  1708,  vol.  ii.  p.  334. 
§  Coll.  Magist.  Grimes.  ||  Stow's  Survey,  Ed.  1754,  vol.  i.  p.  430. 

D    2 


36  Leathersellers   Company. 

had  promised  to  build  a  steeple,  in  recompense  for  the  ground 
occupied  by  the  erection  of  his  monument  in  the  Church ;  but  by 
an  oversight,  it  is  presumed,  in  his  will,  no  provision  was  made  for 
that  purpose. 

The  Nun's  Hall,  and  other  houses  thereto  appertaining,  were, 
after  the  dissolution,  purchased  by  the  Leathersellers'  Company — 
a  society  incorporated  by  letters  patent  (22  Hen.  VI,  anno  1442) 
by  the  name  of  the  Wardens  and  Society  of  the  Mystery  or  Art  of 
Leathersellers  of  the  City  of  London — who  converted  the  Nuns' 
Hall  into  a  common  hall,  for  the  purpose  of  holding  their  meetings, 
and  it  continued  in  such  use  until  it  was  demolished,  with  the  other 
remnants  of  the  old  Priory,  in  1799,  to  make  way  for  the  present 
St.  Helen's  Place. 

The  general  view  given  of  the  ruins  of  this  ancient  Priory,  as 
represented  in  the  prospect  delineated  S.E.,  reminds  us  rather  of 
some  romantic  fragment  of  antiquity  to  be  found  in  distant 
counties,  than  of  one  situated  in  the  very  centre  of  the  populous 
city  of  London.  The  drawing  was  made  on  the  spot  in 
1799. 

The  Nuns'  dining-hall  or  refectory,  a  view  of  which  is  repre- 
sented over  that  of  the  two  crypts  at  the  south  end,  was  formed  of 
the  best  joiner's  and  plasterer's  work  in  the  kingdom;  the  screen 
was  most  elegantly  worked,  having  six  columns  of  the  Ionic  order, 
richly  adorned ;  and  the  curiously  fret -worked  ceiling,  panelled 
wainscot,  richly-worked  window  abutments,  Gothic  recesses,  and 
grand  stone-work  arched  entrance,  rendered  the  whole,  when 
perfect,  a  scene  truly  striking,  and  sublimely  grand.  Enough  is 
preserved  in  the  view  of  the  great  south  window  to  ascertain  its 
immense  magnitude ;  and,  from  the  number  of  the  other  windows 
that  ornamented  this  apartment,  sufficient  light  must  have  been 
admitted  to  dispel  the  gloom  which  pervades  most  ancient 
buildings. 

The  two  crypts  under  the  great  hall  communicating  with  each 
other,  were  probably  in  occasional  use  by  the  Nuns  for  devotional 
exercise  and  meditation.  The  view  of  the  second  crypt,  looking 
from  the  south,  was  taken  immediately  after  the  demolition  of  the  hall 
and  other  buildings  above,  and  in  the  same  plate  are  represented 
specimens  of  the  architecture  of  the  building,  which  is  Norman. 
The  parts  delineated  are  the  piscina  on  the  west  side  of  the  double 


Ancient  Crypts.  37 

range  of  vaulting,  the  springer  to  the  arched  head  of  the  passage,  the 
arched  head  of  the  passage  on  the  west  side  of  the  double  range  of 
vaulting,  elevation  of  the  base,  and  plan  of  one  of  the  columns  and 
springers  which  support  the  arched  roof.  In  the  plan  of  the  nun- 
nery are  shown  the  entrances  to  the  crypts  by  the  vaulted  passages, 
one  of  which  was  fifty-six  feet  in  extent,  looking  to  the  north.  It 
will  also  be  observed  that  the  crypt  to  the  north  was  considerably 
larger  than  that  at  the  southern  end  of  the  building.* 


*  Malcolm's  Lond.  Eediviv.,  vol.  iii.  p.  554, 


CHAPTER  II. 

ST.  HELEN'S  CHURCH. 

THERE  are  but  few  of  the  ancient  structures  in  London  that 
convey  any  idea  of  their  former  solemnity.  S.  Helen's  is  an  ex- 
ception.* When  entering,  the  tall  and  graceful  Gothic  impresses 
the  beholder  with  veneration  for  past  times,  heightened  by  the 
altar  tombs  and  recumbent  figures  in  the  chancel.  Some  of  the 
most  remote  memorials  are  gone,  and  others  mutilated,  but  the 
general  effect  is  remarkably  striking. 

As  to  the  exterior,  the  west  front  has  been  covered  with  cement. 
It  presents,  therefore,  but  inconsiderable  features  of  the  original 
architecture.  The  angles  at  each  end  have  been  strengthened  by 
double  buttresses,  of  which  the  northern  ones  are  destroyed,  and  the 
front  is  divided,  by  a  single  buttress  in  the  centre,  into  two  portions, 
in  each  of  which  is  a  window  of  five  lights,  under  a  low  pointed  arch. 
The  mullions  have  arched  heads,  but  are  destitute  of  cuspings. 
Beneath  each  window  was  formerly  a  doorway ;  the  northernmost 
has  been  walled  up ;  the  southern  still  remains,  and  is  the 
principal  entrance  to  the  Church  ;  it  is  covered  with  a  pent-house, 
and  the  original  workmanship  is  hidden  by  a  frontispiece  of 
carved  woodwork.  On  a  panel  above  the  arch  is  the  following 
inscription : — 

"  "Worship  the  Lord  in  the  beauty  of  holiness." 

The  original  finish  of  the  elevation  has  been  destroyed,  and 
battlements  of  a  bad  style  substituted.  Above  the  centre  rises  a 
mean  turret  covered  with  cement,  and  finished  with  a  cupola.  The 
south  side  of  the  Church  contains  three  windows  of  three 
lights  each;  the  mullions  resemble  those  of  the  west  front,  and 
have  equally  suffered  from  the  hands  of  repairers.  A  single  buttress 
remains  between  two  of  the  windows,  and  below  the  second  from  the 


*  It  is  one  amongst  the  few  churches  which  escaped  destruction  at  the 
Great  Fire  of  London,  A.D.  1666. 


The  Parish  Church.  39 

west  is  a  low  doorway  with  a  semicircular  arch  enclosed  in  a  heavy 
Doric  frontispiece  with  the  date  of  its  erection,  1633.*  This 
front,  like  the  west,  is  covered  with  cement,  and  finished  with  a 
modern  embattled  parapet.  The  northern  side  has  four  windows 
of  the  same  character  and  description  as  the  others.  The  eastern 
end  of  the  Church  has  four  windows,  all  of  which  have  been  restored 
and  filled  with  stained  glass. f  To  understand  the  peculiar  arrange- 
ment of  this  Church  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  portion 
northward  of  the  arches  running  along  the  centre  was  formerly  the 
Nuns'  Choir.  This  was  added  to  the  Parish  Church  for  the  use 
of  the  inmates  of  the  adjoining  Convent,  probably  about  the  year 
]216,  and  was  separated  from  it  by  a  continuous  screen  until  the 
dissolution  of  the  Convent  at  the  Reformation,  when  this  screen 
was  taken  down,  and  the  whole  space  thrown  into  the  Parish 
Church.  To  the  south  of  the  nave  is  a  transept  and  two  chapels, 
the  northern  dedicated  to  the  Holy  Ghost,  and  the  southernmost 
to  the  Virgin. 

The  Parish  Church  must  have  been  in  existence  previously  to 
the  year  1010,  as  appears  from  a  circumstance  recorded,  that  in 
this  year  the  remains  of  King  Edmund  the  Martyr  were  removed 
from  St.  Edmundsbury,  and  deposited  herein  for  three  years,  until 
the  depredations  by  the  Danes  had  ceased.  The  earliest  portions 
now  remaining  are  of  the  13th  century.  Of  this  date  are  the 
lancet  windows  of  the  transept,  now  blocked  up,  the  staircase  door 
in  the  south-east  corner,  the  second  arch  north  of  the  chancel, 
an  ambry  under  the  pulpit,  the  doorway  which  led  into  the 
Convent  on  the  north  side  of  the  Nuns'  Choir,  with  the  two 
openings  formerly  guarded  with  gratings,  and  a  lancet  window  at 
the  west  end  of  the  same  side.  At  this  date  the  floor  of  the 
Church  must  have  been  much  lower  than  at  present,  and  it  was 
raised  at  each  alteration  of  the  Church  until  it  became  four  feet 
higher  than  the  original  level .  This  was  discovered  at  the  restoration 
of  the  Church  (1865-8),  and  is  still  visible  at  the  north  side,  and 
at  the  staircase  of  the  transept.  Entering  the  Church  by  the  western 
doorway,  an  oak  porch  internally  covering  the  entrance  is  the  first 


*  All  these  windows  were  repaired  during  the  restoration  of  1865-8,  and 
filled  with  stained  glass. 

f  Eestoration  1865-8.     For  subjects  and  donors,  see  Appendix. 


40  Architectural  Details. 

object  of  attention.  It  is  enriched  with  Corinthian  pilasters  and  a 
profusion  of  carving,*  with  this  inscription — 

"  This  is  none  other  than  the  howse  of  God. 
This  is  the  gate  of  Heaven." 

Against  the  entrance  on  the  north  side  of  the  parochial  nave  is 
the  poor  box,  supported  on  a  terminal  figure,  representing  a  beggar 
soliciting  alms.  The  southern  doorway  Jias,  internally,  a  smaller 
porch,  of  Elizabethan  work,  the  pilasters  of  the  Ionic  order.  The 
shells  and  Cherubim,  which,  with  the  pediment,  were  removed 
from  the  east  end  of  the  Church,  present  very  early  specimens 
of  Italian  architecture  in  this  country.  At  a  small  distance  north- 
ward of  the  western  doorway  may  be  seen  the  staircase,  which  has 
received  the  finish  of  the  mean  bell  turret.  The  portion  which  is 
within  the  church  is  constructed  of  wood,  in  imitation  of  rustic 
work,  and  shows  in  height  successively  three  orders  of  architecture 
in  pilasters,  and  each  story  has  an  oval  window. 

The  arcade  which  divides  the  church  lengthwise  into  two 
portions,  displays  two  different  styles  of  architecture ;  it  contains 
in  all  six  arches,  the  first  four  from  the  west  end  rest  on 
clustered  columns,  with  four  centred  Tudor  arches  of  a  date 
between  the  early-pointed  arch,  the  second  from  the  east  of  the 
arcade,  and  the  flat-pointed  ones  of  the  windows ;  they  were 
probably  erected  in  the  fifteenth  century,  f  the  two  easternmost 
arches  being  of  different  altitudes.  To  the  internal  jambs  of  the 
higher  arch  are  attached  two  semi-octangular  columns  which  sup- 
port a  chamfered  equilateral  arch  of  considerable  elevation,  but 
not  equal  in  height  to  the  others  already  described.  The  extreme 
eastern  arch  only  differs  from  the  westernmost  in  respect  of  altitude, 
springing  considerably  lower,  and  resting  on  one  side  on  a  half- 
round  column — the  most  conspicuous  remains  of  the  earliest  Church 
(erected  A.D.  1210).  The  northern  aisle  is  lighted  at  the  east  end 
by  a  window  of  five  lights,  circumscribed  by  a  fairly-proportioned 
pointed  arch,  the  tracery  of  which,  until  the  restoration  of  1865-8, 
was  almost  entirely  destroyed.  The  form  of  the  arch  and  other 
remains  showed  that  this  window  was  the  workmanship  of  the 


*  The  -work  of  Inigo  Jones,  during  the  restoration  of  1633. 
f  After  the  death  of  Sir  John  Crosby,  1475. 


Merchant  Taylors   Com-pawy.  41 

fourteenth  century,  a  period  when  the  pointed  style  was  in  the 
highest  state  of  perfection.  The  east  end  of  the  nave  had  a  window 
of  seven  lights  ;  the  arch  was  of  the  low  pointed  form  like  the  gene- 
rality of  those  before  described,  and  with  the  rest  of  the  windows 
of  this  Church,  had  been  despoiled  of  its  tracery.*  The  transept 
is  separated  from  the  body  of  the  Church  by  a  handsome  low  pointed 
arch  of  a  very  considerable  span.  On  its  east  side  are  also  two 
pointed  Tudor  arches,  springing  from  clustered  columns,  and  opening 
into  the  chapels  of  the  Holy  Ghost  and  Virgin  Mary.  In  the  south- 
east angle  is  a  door  leading  to  a  winding  stair  of  early  work.  The 
remainder  of  this  side  of  the  transept,  and  the  south  and  western 
walls  are  plain,  with  only  one  window,  f  opened  a  few  years  since, 
but  without  any  ornament.  In  the  south  wall  this  window  was 
ornamented  originally  with  tasteful  mullions  and  tracery,  which, 
at  some  former  period,  had  been  walled  up,  and  in  1807  it  was 
completely  destroyed.  It  was,  however,  very  imperfectly  utilized 
a  few  years  since.  The  small  chapels  eastward  of  the  transept  are 
separated  from  it  by  the  arches,  just  noticed,  and  from  the  Church 
by  a  similar  arch.  They  are  lighted  by  two  windows  of  three  lights 
each  in  the  eastern  wall.  In  the  eastern  wall  are  several  small 
niches  and  piscinas,  all  of  which,  as  well  as  the  roof,  were  restored 
in  1874,  by  the  munificence  of 'the  Merchant  Taylors'  Company. 
From  the  style  of  architecture  of  these  chapels  and  the  adjoining 
transept,  it  may  be  satisfactorily  concluded  that  these  portions 
were  erected  in  the  fourteenth  century.  As  now  restored,  they 
exhibit  beautiful  specimens  of  pointed  Gothic,  temp.  Henry  VII., 
and  are  probably  a  restoration  of  the  original  work,  dating  back  to 
temp.  Edward  III. 

The  Vestry,  which  was  most  probably  of  the  time  of  James  I., 
had  been  built  within  the  Lady  chapel,  which  was  cruelly  mutilated 
for  that  purpose.  This  has  been  entirely  removed,  and  the  beauty  of 


*  Each  of  these  windows  was  discovered  to  be  in  such  a  ruinous  condi- 
tion at  the  restoration  of  1865-8,  that  they  had  to  be  replaced  with  new 
work,  and  were  fitted  with  stained  glass,  the  former  by  the  Gresham  Com- 
mit^tee  in  memory  of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  and  the  latter  by  Messrs 
Kirman  and  Stewart  Hodgson,  in  memory  of  their  parents,  whose  remains 
are'interred  within  the  Church. 

f  There  were  originally  three  lancet  windows  on  the  south  side  and  two 
on  the  west ;  one  is  still  to  be  traced,  although  not  available  for  use. 


42  The  Nuns'  Grafe. 

the  two  chapels  brought  out  in  its  original  perfection.  Within 
the  Lady  chapel,  upon  a  bracket,  there  is  a  small  sitting  statue 
of  a  female  in  the  act  of  reading  from  a  book  which  rests  on  her 
knee,  and  is  supported  by  her  right  hand.  It  is  evidently  a  Roman 
Sibyl,  although  it  has  been  said  to  represent  the  Patron  Saint  of 
the  Church.  It  is  reported  that  large  sums  of  money  on  several 
occasions  have  been  offered  for  it.  It  has  been  thoroughly  cleansed 
of  numerous  coats  of  black  paint,  and  proves  to  be  of  alabaster,  of 
rare  Italian  workmanship,  previously  to  the  time  of  Michael  Angelo, 
and  very  little  injured.  How  it  came  into  the  possession  of  the  parish 
cannot  be  ascertained,  no  record  having  been  ever  discovered. 
The  ceiling  of  the  Church  is  composed  of  flat  arched  beams,  resting 
on  corbels,  to  which  are  attached  shields,  most  of  which  are  greatly 
mutilated.  The  spaces  between  the  beams,  which  were  originally 
of  brown  oak,  are  plastered ;  and,  together  with  the  beams,  were, 
until  1865-8,  whitewashed,  and  repaired  with  plaster  of  Paris  ! 
They  were  then  carefully  restored.  The  two  compartments  over 
the  eastern  end  are  painted  with  clouds,  and  an  angelic  choir — 
probably  of  the  date  of  the  porches,  A.D.  1663.  The  roof  of  the 
northern  aisle,  or  Nuns'  quire,  was  thoroughly  renewed,  agreeably 
with  the  general  characteristics  of  the  building  in  1865.  At  this 
restoration  two  windows — one  of  two  lights>  and  the  other  deeply 
indented  in  the  wall — were  discovered.  They  have  been  restored, 
and  filled  with  stained  glass.  The  smaller  is,  doubtless,  one  of  the 
most  ancient  features  of  the  building  existing  before  the  demolition 
of  the  convent — in  the  remaining  walls  of  which  three  most 
unsuitable  windows  were  pierced,  possibly  under  the  direction  of 
Inigo  Jones,  during  the  restoration  of  1633.  In  the  northern  wall 
were  likewise  discovered  the  entrance  doorway  to  the  cloister  and 
dormitory  of  the  convent,  with  portions  of  the  stone  steps  remaining 
uninjured.  At  this  point  the  three  levels  of  the  floor  may  be  now 
distinctly  traced. 

On  the  same  side  of  the  Church  the  Nuns'  Grate  is  still  existing. 
Its  general  appearance  is  that  of  an  altar  tomb,  but  more  lofty.  The 
base  of  the  square  pedestal  is  adorned  with  upright  open  niches, 
and  the  canopy,  which  is  a  low  pointed  arch,  has  its  soffit  richly 
panelled.  The  whole  is  surmounted  by  an  embattlement,  the 
frieze  richly  sculptured.  At  the  angles  of  the  cornice  are  two 
shields,  having  arms,  but  no  longer  discernible,  and  the  upper 


Sir  John  Lawrence.  43 

member  of  the  cornice  has  a  row  of  conventional  strawberry  leaves 
set  upright  upon  it. 

Although  the  Church  is  not  remarkable  for  either  magnitude 
or  architectural  beauty,  it  will  be  gathered  from  the  preceding 
description  that  it  contains  specimens  of  almost  every  variation  of 
the  pointed  style,  from  the  commencement  of  the  thirteenth 
century  to  the  last  declension  of  its  use,  when  it  yielded  to  the 
newly-imported  architecture  of  Italy,  one  of  the  earliest  specimens 
of  which  is  also  to  be  seen  in  the  woodwork  of  this  building. 
The  Church  was  until  1865-8  divided  by  a  screen,  erected  in  1744, 
which  crossed  it  at  the  second  pillar  from  the  west  end,  making  a 
small  ante-chapel.  That  screen  was  partially  surmounted  by  a 
gallery,  on  which  the  organ  was  placed.  This  unsightly  obstruc- 
tion was  then  demolished,  and  the  organ  removed  into  the  south 
transept.  The  remainder  of  the  Church  eastward  of  this  screen 
was  pewed  and  appropriated  to  the  use  of  the  parishioners,  but 
these  were  at  the  same  time  cleared  away,  open  oak  benches 
being  substituted  in  their  room.  A  quaint  piece  of  carved  work, 
which  had  been  set  up  to  sustain  the  Lord  Mayor's  sword  and 
mace,  was  removed  to  the  pillar  dividing  the  choir  from  the  chapel 
of  the  Holy  Ghost  at  the  same  time.  It  consists  of  two  twisted 
Corinthian  columns,  supporting  an  entablature  highly  enriched, 
and  an  attic  panel.  The  shafts  of  the  columns  are  set  off  with 
a  wreath  of  foliage  running  round  them.  On  the  frieze  are  the 
following  arms.  Ar.  a  cross,  Raguly.  Gu.  and  a  dexter  canton. 
Ermine — the  arms  of  Sir  John  Lawrence,  Lord  Mayor,  1665. 
In  the  attic  is  the  City  Arms,  and  the  whole  structure  is 
crowned  with  the  arms  of  Charles  II.,  supported  by  two  gilt 
angels,  and  surmounted  with  the  royal  crown.  On  the  south  side 
of  the  Church  is  the  pulpit,  an  elaborate  piece  of  carving  of  the 
seventeenth  century,  with  a  large  sounding-board,*  supposed  to 


*  Some  of  the  windows  and  other  details  were  found  to  be  so  dilapidated  that 
it  is  difficult  to  assign  a  date  to  them.  This  applies  particularly  to  the  east 
window  of  the  Nuns'  choir,  and  of  the  chapels  and  south  window  of  the 
transept,  which  have  all  been  recently  restored,  as  well  as  to  the  choir  seats 
which,  until  the  late  repairs,  were  placed  against  the  north  wall.  They  belonged 
probably  to  the  fourteenth  century.  At  his  death  in  1475,  Sir  John  Crosby 
bequeathed  to  the  Parish  the  sum  of  five  hundred  marks  for  the  repair  of  the 
Church,  and  it  must  have  been  almost  rebuilt  soon  after  that  date,  for  to  this 


44  Church  Windows. 

have  been  designed  by  Inigo  Jones.  There  is  also  an  elaborate 
rest  for  the  insignia  of  the  Lord  Mayor  in  wrought  iron,  with  the 
Royal,  the  Mercers,  and  another  Company's  arms  emblazoned. 

The  woodwork  of  the  Church  is  of  various  degrees  of  antiquity. 
Within  the  chancel  a  series  of  antique  stalls,  but  without  Misereres, 
are  now  placed  for  the  choir.  These  stalls  had  been  appropriated 
to  the  poor  of  the  parish,  on  the  northern  side  of  the  Nuns'  quire; 
they  were  in  all  probability  formerly  the  Nuns'  seats.  In  con- 
struction they  are  very  simple,  and  without  ornaments,  being 
merely  separated  by  sweeping  elbows,  and  are  without  canopies. 
From  the  same  side  of  the  Church,  several  pews,  which  show  the 
workmanship  of  the  early  part  of  the  seventeenth  century,  were 
removed,  and  arranged  so  as  to  form  desks  for  the  minister 
and  choir.  The  altar  screen  of  the  Wren  period,  which  was 
adorned  with  two  Corinthian  columns  and  two  Antae,  sustaining 
an  entablature  and  cornice,  being  totally  out  of  character  with  the 
architecture  of  the  Church,  and  thoroughly  rotten,  was  replaced  by 
a  neat  stone  reredos.  The  centre  of  the  cornice,  consisting  of 
two  scrolls  disposed  pedimentally  at  the  side  of  the  royal  arms 
(probably  those  of  Charles  I.) ,  and  which  are  supported  by  angels 
recumbent  upon  the  scrolls,  was  removed  to  the  south  entrance 
door  in  1865.* 

In  the  several  windows  of  the  Church,  previously  to  1868,  were 
many  shields  of  arms  in  stained  glass  ;  most  of  these  were  reglaized 
elsewhere  and  utilized.  Those  in  the  window  above  the  communion 
table  were  introduced  into  the  window  of  the  chapel  of  the  Holy 
Ghost,  and  skilfully  blended  with  modern  stained  glass.  They 

period  belong  the  arches  on,  the  north  side  of  the  nave,  and  those  east  of  the 
transept.  The  east  window  of  the  chancel,  and  the  south  windows  of  the 
Lady  chapel,  the  roofs  of  the  nave  and  of  the  Nuns'  choir  are  probably  of 
this  period,  as  well  as  the  doorway  of  stairs  leading  to  the  convent.  Of  the 
sixteenth  century  are  the  eastern  sepulchre  and  the  niches  of  the  chapels, 
those  windows  of  the  Church  which  are  not  already  noticed,  and  the  arch 
over  the  monument  of  Sir  William  Pickering,  who  died  1574.  In  the  year 
1631,  the  Church  having  again  fallen  into  decay,  was  repaired  at  considerable 
expense,  and  the  works  completed  in  1663 ;  the  south  porch  under  the 
superintendence  of  Inigo  Jones.  The  tiles  discovered  in  1865-8  were 
reproduced  by  Messrs  Minton,  and  used  for  paving  the  chancel,  and  are  not 
only  singular  but  unique,  the  subject  of  a  portion  of  them  being  a  double- 
headed  eagle,  with  evident  reference  to  Constantino  the  Great. 

*  See  p.  40. 


Coats  of  Arms.  45 

consist  of  eight  coats,  viz. :  1.  the  City  Arms;  2.  the  Grocers'  Com- 
pany; 3.  Sir  John  Crosbie ;  4.  the  Leathersellers'  Company ;  5. 
the  Merchants'  Mark;  6.  Lady  Crosby;  7.  Sir  John  and  Lady 
Crosbie' s  impaled  together  ;  8.  Barry  nebulle,  Az.  and  Ar.  a  Chief 
of  the  last,  supposed  to  be  the  arms  of  Sir  Ralph  Astry,  Lord 
Mayor  in  1493,  in  which  case  the  Chief  should  be  Gules,  and 
charged  with  three  bezants — the  former  colour  has  probably  faded 
in  this  instance,  as  it  has  done  in  other  shields  in  the  present  Church. 
The  whole  of  these  coats  of  arms — excepting  those  of  the  Leather- 
sellers'  Company,  which  are  more  modern — are  enclosed  in  orna- 
mental quatrefoils.  The  first  window  of  the  north  aisle  has  four 
shields,  held  by  angels.  The  arms  are  those  of  the  City,  the 
Mercers'  Company,  Sir  Thomas  Gresham's,  and  the  family  of 
Chicheley. 


46 


CHAPTER  III. 

TITHES  AND  IMPROPRIETORS  OF  ST.  HELEN'S. 

"AMONG  the  early  Christians  the  payment  of  tithes  was  re- 
garded as  a  matter  of  conscience,  and  no  laws  were  passed  for  its 
enforcement  until  the  Council  of  Macon,  Oct.  23,  A.D.  585."  In 
Britain,  "  the  custom  of  devoting  a  tenth  part  of  all  property  to 
the  service  of  the  clergy  is  mentioned  in  the  Canons  of  Egbert, 
Archbishop  of  York  in  A.D.  750,  and  in  the  Ordinance  of  the 
Council  of  Celchyth  in  A.D.  787.*  In  A.D.  794,  Offa,  King  of 
Mercia,  endowed  the  Church  with  tithes  of  all  his  kingdom,  and 
Charlemagne  made  several  laws  regulating  their  payment  about 
A.D.  800."  The  whole  tithe  system  appears  to  have  been  "  sanc- 
tioned and  amended  by  the  General  Lateran  Council  in  A.D.  1215." 
The  order  of  Roger  Niger,  Bishop  of  London,  in  1228,  was  "that 
the  citizens  should  pay  of  every  pound's  rent  by  the  year,  of  all 
houses,  shops,  &c.,  the  sum  of  3$.  &d.}  as  time  out  of  mind  had 
been  paid."f 

' '  In  the  thirty-seventh  year  of  Henry  VIII.,  the  sum  of  two 
shillings  and  ninepence  in  the  pound  was  agreed  to  be  paid  by  the 
citizens  of  London  to  the  clergy.  This  was  a  great  diminution 
from  what  had  been  before;  but  so  many  were  the  evasions 
made,  that  the  clergy,  in  the  reign  of  James,  had  been  obliged  to 
have  recourse  to  the  Exchequer,  by  which  court  it  was  decided 
that  this  tithe  of  the  houses  justly  belonged  to  the  benefice.  But, 
with  the  rise  of  Puritanism,  the  opposition  became  great  and 
almost  insurmountable.  The  clergy,  reduced  to  poverty,  declared 
that  they  had  no  means  to  discover  the  true  value  of  their  rents. 
The  case,  at  first  submitted  to  the  King  (Charles  I.),  was  by  him 
referred  to  the  Archbishop  (Laud),  and  the  other  members  of 


*  See  Townsend's  Manual  of  Dates,  p.  974.     Ed.  Lond.  1874. 
f  Book's  Lives  of  the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury,  vol.  vi.,  New  Series, 
pp.  257-8. 


Pope  Nicholas  IF.  47 

the  council,  and  when  Bishop  Juxon  became  Lord  Treasurer,  the 
condition  of  the  clergy  was  certainly  improved.  No  doubt  the 
Archbishop  would  have  carried  the  improvement  further  had  not 
the  troubles  of  the  times  increased  upon  him.  His  attempt  thus 
to  benefit  the  clergy  was  one  of  the  crimes  laid  to  his  charge  at 
his  trial."*  Dr.  Hook  says,  "  the  25th  year  of  Henry  VIII.," 
but  this  is  an  error,  as  the  Act  itself,  as  set  out  in  the  Appendix, 
testifies. 

In  the  year  1288  Pope  Nicholas  IV.  granted  the  tenths 
to  King  Edward  I.  for  six  years,  towards  defraying  the  ex- 
pense of  an  expedition  to  the  Holy  Land,  and  that  they  might 
be  collected  at  their  full  value,  a  taxation  by  the  King's  precept 
was  begun  in  that  year,  and  finished  as  to  the  province  of  Canter- 
bury in  1291,  and  as  to  that  of  York  in  the  following  year- 
This  taxation  is  a  most  important  record,  because  all  the  taxes,  as 
well  to  our  Kings  as  the  Popes,  were  regulated  by  it,  until  the 
survey  made  26th  Henry  VIII.,  and  because  the  statutes  of  col- 
leges, which  were  founded  before  the  Reformation,  are  also  inter- 
preted by  this  criterion,  according  to  which  their  benefices,  under 
a  certain  value,  are  exempted  from  the  restriction  in  the  Statute 
21st  Henry  VIII.  concerning  pluralities.f 

After  the  dissolution  of  the  monasteries,  King  Henry  VIII. 
granted  (March,  1537-8)  the  Priory  of  St.  Helen's,  as  already 
noticed,!  with  many  other  castles,  lordships,  and  manors,  the 
annual  value  of  which  was  estimated  at  30,000/.,  to  Richard 
Williams,  alias  Cromwell,  in  consideration  of  his  good  service  and 
the  payment  of  4963£.  4*.  M. 

Edward  VI.,  in  the  fourth  year  of  his  reign  (1551),  by  his 
letters  patent,  bearing  date  the  1st  of  April,  gave  (inter  alia}  the 
jurisdiction  of  this  place  to  the  Bishop  of  London  (Nicholas  Ridley) 


*  Hook's  Lives  of  the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury  (Second  Series), 
vol  vi.  pp.  257-8. 

f  Liber  Eegis,  p.  572.  St.  Helen  not  in  charge  in  the  King's  books,  or 
to  the  payment  of  first  fruits  and  tenths.  As  to  what  amount  of  tithes,  or 
if  any  at  all,  paid  by  the  parishioners  of  St.  Helen's  previously  to  the  Eefor- 
mation,  there  is  no  record.  The  impression  seems  to  be  that  the  Chantry 
Priests  (see  above,  p.  28)  discharged  both  the  conventual  and  parochial 
duties. 

J  See  p.  33. 


48  Advoivson  of  Vicarage. 

and  his  successors,  which  was  afterwards  confirmed  by  Queen  Mary 
by  her  letters  patent,  dated  March  2,  in  the  first  year  of  her  reign 
(1554),  Edmund  Bonner  being  then  restored  to  the  Bishopric. 

Sir  John  Harrington,  High  Sheriff  of  Rutland,*  12th,  25th, 
and  32nd  Henry  VIII.,  and  again  in  6th  Edward  VI.,  "  dying 
within  St.  Helens,  London,  in  1552,  was,  on  Monday  the  4th  Sep- 
tember, carried  into  his  country,  in  a  horse  litter,  to  be  interred, 
with  his  standard  and  pennon;  mass  and  dirge  having  every  day  been 
sung  for  him ;  that  is,  from  the  18th  day  of  August,  on  which  he 
died,  to  the  day  of  his  remove."f  This  appears  to  have  been  the  first 
celebration  of  the  funeral  mass  after  the  accession  of  Queen  Mary 
(Edward  VI.  died  July  6),  and  on  the  21st  August  the  minister  of 
St.  Ethelburga,  with  others,  was  set  in  the  pillory  and  his  ears 
nailed  to  it,  for  heinous  and  seditious  words  spoken  against  the 
Queen,  and  having  spoken  more  words  to  the  same  effect,  was  set 
in  the  pillory  again,  August  23,  which  was  the  first  day  mass  began 
to  be  said  in  a  church. 

In  the  year  1568,  Queen  Elizabeth  granted  a  lease  to  Caesar 
Aldermarie  (Adelmare),  Esq.,  and  Thomas  Colcel  or  Colshill, 
parishioners  and  inhabitants  of  St.  Helens,  for,  and  in  the  name  of 
all  the  parishioners  and  inhabitants  there,  upon  their  desire  to 
them  granted  of  the  rectory  of  the  said  parish,  for  that  intent  and 
purpose,  that  the  rents,  issues,  and  profits  of  the  same,  shall,  from 
time  to  time,  rise,  grow,  and  increase,  to  the  use,  profit,  and  com- 
modity of  the  parishioners  there.  Therefore,  in  consideration  of 
III.  12s.  3d.  paid  by  the  said  Caesar  Aldermarie  and  Thomas 
Colcel,  at  the  receipt  of  the  Exchequer,  she  (the  said  Queen) 
granted  and  deviseth  to  them  all  that  rectory  and  parsonage  and 
Church  of  St.  Helen's,  except  and  reserved  to  her  Majesty  and  her 
heirs,  the  advowson  of  the  vicarage  there.  To  have  and  to  hold 
the  said  rectory,  parish,  and  church,  messuages,  houses,  tithes,  and 
oblations,  and  other  profits,  to  the  said  Caesar  and  Thomas,  their 
executors  and  assigns,  from  the  feast  of  St.  Michael  the  archangel, 
unto  the  term  of  twenty-one  years,  yielding  and  paying  therefore 
yearly  to  her,her  heirs  and  successors,  the  sum  of  81.1 6s.  \d.  The  said 
Caesar  and  Thomas  to  pay  as  well  the  priest's  wages  there  doing 


*  Betham's  Baronetage,  vol.  i.  p.  107. 
t  Strype's  Memorials,  vol.  iii.  pt.  1.  p.  34.     Ed,  Oxford,  1822. 


Grant  by  the  Queen.  49 

service,  and  all  other  sums  of  money  for  bread  and  wine,  and  other 
necessaries  in  the  Church  to  be  expended  and  paid. 

There  was  also  a  clause  that  the  said  "  farmers"  shall  repair  the 
chancel  and  housing  to  the  said  rectory  belonging ;  and  likewise  a 
clause  that  after  such  reasonable  sums  of  money,  received,  paid,  and 
deducted,  as  they  laid  out,  as  well  for  the  expense  of  this  lease,  or 
otherwise,  about  the  sum,  and  obtaining  the  same,  or  of  these 
letters  patent,  and  from  thenceforth  all  such  issues  and  profits, 
coming  and  issuing  of  the  same  parsonage,  all  charges  of  the  said 
parsonage  being  deducted,  they  shall  convert  and  dispose  to  the 
use  and  commodity  of  the  parishioners ;  dated  May  27,  in  the 
10th  year  of  her  reign. 

About  the  year  1588  the  Queen  proposed  to  grant  a  lease  to  one 
Captain  Oseley,  for  his  good  service  against  the  Spaniards.  This 
Oseley  being  in  Spain  in  those  eventful  and  dangerous  times,  had 
sent  very  good  intelligence  thence,  and  likewise  in  the  fight  against 
the  Spanish  Fleet  in  1588,  whereupon  Howard,  Lord- Admiral,  sent 
a  letter  in  his  behalf  to  the  Lord  Treasurer,  that,  for  the  causes 
mentioned,  it  was  the  Queen's  pleasure  that  he  should  so  stay  the 
same  parsonage,  that  no  lease  of  it  in  the  meanwhile  should  be 
granted  out  of  the  Exchequer,  which  should  prevent  the  reward  of 
one,  who  had  so  well  deserved  in  adventuring  his  life  so  many  ways 
in  her  Majesty's  service. 

By  deed  dated  April  11,  1589,  in  the  31st  year  of  her  reign, 
Queen  Elizabeth  lett  to  farme  to  the  Churchwardens  of  St. 
Helens,  to  the  public  use  of  all  the  parishioners,  the  Rectory  and 
Church,  with  their  rights,  &c.,  belonging  to  the  late  priory  of  St. 
Helens,  reserving  to  her  Majesty  and  her  heirs  the  advowson  of 
the  vicarage  for  the  term  of  21  years,  paying  yearly  the  sum 
of  SI.  IQs.  4<#.  at  the  receipt  of  Exchequer.  The  parish  to  provide 
and  pay  as  well  the  stipend  of  the  minister,  and  also  all  charges 
for  bread,  wine,  and  other  necessaries  in  the  said  church.  The 
said  Churchwardens,  after  all  reasonable  expenses,  shall  give  yearly 
20£.*  to  a  sufficient  preacher,  to  be  allowed  by  the  Bishop  of 


*  This  amount  still  remains  as  the  sole  endowment  from  the  tithes  of 
St.  Helen's,  for  the  remuneration  of  the  minister.  The  value  of  the  tithes 
was  for  a  considerable  period  GOl.  per  annum.  It  is,  therefore,  clear  that 
the  intention  was  that  the  stipend  of  the  minister  should  be  a  third  of  the 
whole  sum.  Unfortunately  those,  who  thus  fixed  that  sum,  had  no  idea  that 


50  Michael  and  Edward  Stanhope. 

London.  The  remainder  of  the  profitts,  &c.,  for  the  use  and  com- 
modity of  the  parishioners;  and  further,  the  said  Churchwardens, 
for  themselves  and  their  assigns,  do  covenant  that  no  greater  rate 
of  value  of  the  houses  or  tenements  within  the  parish  than  hereto- 
fore has  been  used  or  accustomed,  shall  be  assessed  or  taxed 
without  the  consent  of  our  Treasurer  of  England,  or  the  Chancellor 
of  our  Court  of  Exchequer  for  the  tyme  being  thereunto  first, 
obtained.  The  Chauncell  of  the  Church,  and  all  houses,  &c., 
belonging  to  the  Rectory  to  have  all  necessary  repairs,  and  in  the 
default  of  the  rent  to  her  Majesty,  or  nonfulfilment  of  the  above 
conditions,  the  lease  to  be  avoid.* 

In  the  year  1599  the  Queen  sold  the  "Rectory  to  Michael 
Stanhope,  Esq.,  one  of  the  Grooms  of  the  Privy  Chamber,  and 
Edward  Stanhope,  LL.D.,f  and  one  of  the  Masters  in  Chancery,  to 
be  held  by  them,  their  heirs  and  assigns,  in  consideration  of  their 
having  paid  to  her  Majesty  the  sum  of  61 0£.  18$.  Id.,  granting  to 
them  the  whole  Rectory  and  Church  of  St.  Helens,  with  their  rights, 
members,  and  appurtenances,  late  belonging  to  the  priory  of  St. 
Helen;  and  all  the  messuages,  houses,  edifices,  gardens,  tithes, 
oblations,  rents,  fruits,  profits,  commodities,  advantages,  &c., 
belonging  to  the  said  rectory  and  Church ;  and  the  annual  rent  of 
81.  16$.  Id.t  formerly  belonging  to  the  said  priory,  and  parcel  of  the 


any  change  in  the  value  of  money  would  ever  take  place  in  the  future,  and, 
in  consequence,  whilst  the  whole  of  the  tithes  have  increased  in  an  immense 
ratio,  those  who  have  been  possessed  of  them  have  appropriated  all  the 
increase  to  their  own  benefit  and  advantage,  and  continued,  what  they  could 
not  escape,  the  payment  of  20Z.  per  annum,  and  added  not  a  single  farthing 
more.  This  system,  however,  is  not  confined  to  St.  Helen's.  It  has  obtained 
in  almost  every  impropriation  through  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  kingdom, 
and  in  every  capitular  body  where  the  Deans  and  Chapters,  having  paid 
themselves  and  all  the  inferior  members  the  sums  fixed  by  their  statutes, 
then  divided  the  handsome  surplus  over  and  above  among  themselves,  with 
scarcely  any  reference  whatever  to  Minor  Canons,  Lay  Vicars,  or  Clerks, 
Choristers,  &c.  In  taking  the  Decanal  and  Capitular  Funds  into  their 
hands  recently,  the  Ecclesiastical  Commissioners,  whilst  providing  in  every 
respect  for  the  Members  of  the  Chapter,  have  almost  wholly  ignored  the 
condition  of  the  poorer  members  of  the  body. 

*  See  Appendix. 

f  Edward  Seymour,  Duke  of  Somerset,  Lord  Protector,  married  Ann, 
daughter  of  Sir  Edward  Stanhope,  Kt,,  a  lady  of  high  mind  and  undaunted 
spirit. 


John  Langham.  51 

possessions  ;  which  priory,  rectory,  and  church  is  extended  to  the 
clear  yearly  value  of  SI.  16s.  \d.  To  hold  by  fealty,  in  free  and 
common  soccage,  and  not  in  capite,  nor  by  military  service.  And, 
moreover,  the  Queen  gave  all  the  rents,  profits,  and  revenues,  &c., 
of  all  the  premises,  from  the  Feast  of  the  Annunciation  of  our 
Blessed  Lady  last  past.  Twenty  pounds  to  be  issuing  from  the 
said  Eectory  for  a  sufficient  preacher  of  God's  Word  within  the 
said  Church,  to  preach  from  time  to  time,  to  be  allowed  by  the 
Bishop  of  London  for  the  time  being,  to  be  paid  him  quarterly,  by 
equal  portions,  and  from  the  said  payments  to  free  and  indemnify 
her  and  her  successors."  Dated  at  Westminster,  September  13, 
1599,  in  the  41st  year  of  her  reign. 

Since  the  above  period  it  appears  to  have  been  granted  back, 
and  also  the  advowson  of  the  Church  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of 
St.  Paul's,  who  became  both  patrons  and  ordinaries  of  the  place, 
and  collated  to  the  Church  as  a  vicarage. 

In  1636  there  was  a  return  made  of  this  Church,  viz. :  an 
Impropriation  belonging  to  the  Earl  of  Northampton,  worth  sixty 
pounds  per  annum.* 

In  1662,  Sir  John  Langham,  Bart.,  became  farmer  of  the 
Rectory  of  St.  Helen,  and  filed  a  bill  in  Chancery,  Michs . 
14  Charles  II.,  against  Sir  John  Lawrencef  and  others, 
parishioners,  setting  forth  that  he  was  entitled  to  some  certain 
rate  or  customary  payment  of  tithes  in  the  City  of  London  of 
2*.  9cl.  for  every  20$.  rent,  confirmed  by  Act  of  Parliament,  37 
Hen.  VIII.  But  that  the  defendants  had  combined  and  refused 
to  pay  any  tithes,  or  any  other  customary  payment,  although  they 
had  often  been  requested  in  a  friendly  manner,  and  the  plaintiff 
being  but  lately  entitled  to  the  said  rectory,  is  not  only  a  stranger 
to  the  duties  which  ought  to  be  so  paid,  but  also  to  the  true  rents 
of  the  respective  houses,  &c.  The  said  plaintiff  being  without 
remedy,  save  only  in  a  Court  of  Equity,  was  willing  to  have 
accepted  the  customary  payments,  but  the  defendants  refused  to 
inform  him.  The  defendants,  in  their  answer,  stated  the  cus- 


*  Newcourt's  Kepert.  Lond.,  vol.  i.  p.  364.     (Sion  Coll.  MS.) 
f  Lord  Mayor  of  London,  A.D.  1665-6,  who  resided  in  a  mansion  within 
Great  St.  Helen's,  built  nnder  the  supervision  of  Inigo  Jones,  the  front  of 
which  yet  remains  much  the  same  as  during  his  mayoralty. 

E  2 


52  Appeal  to  the  Home  of  Lords. 

tomary  payments  time  out  of  mind.  And  it  was  decreed,  with  the 
consent  of  the  plaintiff  and  all  the  defendants,  that  they  shall  pay 
the  several  sums  of  money,  according  to  the  several  rates  and 
customary  payments  by  them  set  forth  in  their  several  respective 
answers,  and  shall  continue  the  payment  for  so  long  as  the  said 
plaintiff  shall  continue  Impropriator  of  the  said  Rectory,  and  the 
said  defendants  shall  continue  inhabitants  of  their  respective 
houses. 

A.D.  1734. Freeman,  Esq.,  was  rated  at  64£.  \Zs.  7cl.  in 

the  King's  books,  as  Impropriator,  and  was  succeeded,  A.D.  1739 
by  one  William  Parker.  How  long  this  Impropriator  stood 
possessed  of  the  tithes  there  are  no  records  to  show,  or  at  what 
date  he  was  succeeded  by  Edward  Bradley.  It  is  not  stated 
what  the  purchase-money  paid  on  the  different  changes  was, 
but  it  has  always  been  understood  in  the  parish  that  Bradley, 
who  was  a  parishioner,  offered  to  sell  the  tithes  to  the  parish 
for  700J. 

A.D.  1805,  the  tithes  were  purchased  by  the  Rev.  Edward  Cook, 
whose  real  purchase-money  was  not  more  than  700/.  The  actual 
sum  paid  by  this  purchaser  was  13  OO/.  Three  per  Cent.  Consols, 
then  very  low  in  price ;  and  no  sooner  had  he  become  the  possessor 
of  them  than  he  set  to  work  to  exact  tithes  from  the  occupiers  of 
Crosby  Square  and  others  who  had  been  exempt,  and  increasing 
others.  What  he  then  said  to  dissentients  was  that  he  knew  the 
law  of  tithes  as  well  as  any  Chief  Baron  of  the  Exchequer,  and 
thus  frightened  them  and  raised  the  income  coasiderably,  although 
far  below  the  rating  of  2s.  9d.  in  the  pound.  In  the  year  1822, 
"The  Tythes  of  the  Parish  were  sold  by  Mr.  Cooke  to  Mr. 
Alexander  McDougall  for  6000  guineas."  This  sale  was  by  public 
auction,  and  there  is  a  list  of  the  then  tithes  extant  as  acknow- 
ledged and  paid,  and  that  list  with  some  of  the  particulars  of  sale 
in  the  parish,  were  produced  and  used  in  a  suit  between  Mr. 
Alexander  McDougall  and  the  parishioners  before  the  Master  of 
the  Rolls,  and  afterwards  on  appeal  to  the  House  of  Lords,  in 
which  the  claims  of  the  former  were  established. 

After  the  decease  of  Mr.  Alexander  McDougall,  Nov.  1835,  the 
tithes  were  devised  to  the  members  of  his  family,  their  management 
being  in  the  hands  of  his  eldest  son,  Alexander  John  McDougall. 


The  MacDougal  Family.  53 

On  his  decease,  in  April,  1867,  a  division  of  their  father's  property 
was  determined  upon,  and  in  order  to  effect  this  it  was  determined 
to  dispose  of  the  Impropriator's  tithes  by  private  contract.  This 
was  effected  by  a  sale  of  those  attached  to  that  portion  of  the 
parish,  which  was  originally  the  property  of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham, 
and  after  his  decease  became  the  site  of  Gresham  College,  agree- 
ably to  the  tenour  of  his  will ;  afterwards  passing  to  the  Crown, 
and  being  used  as  the  Excise  Office,  in  the  courtyard  of  which  the 
business  of  the  Royal  Exchange  was  transacted,  until  the  re-build- 
ing of  that  establishment  after  the  fire  of  1839.  The  accommoda- 
tion for  the  transactions  of  the  Excise  not  being  sufficiently  com- 
modious, the  site  was  bought  by  a  Company,  and  upon  it  was  built 
what  is  now  known  as  "  Gresham  House,"  a  huge  and  ugly  pile 
of  buildings  wholly  occupied  by  merchants,  &c.  as  offices.  After  a 
considerable  amount  of  litigation  between  Mr.  Alexander  John 
McDougall  as  to  the  amount  payable  for  tithes,  the  matter  was 
terminated,  on  his  decease,  by  their  entire  and  perpetual  redemp- 
tion for  5000£.  Soon  afterwards,  the  Leathersellers'  Company  in 
like  manner  redeemed  the  tithes  upon  their  valuable  property  in 
St.  Helen's  Place  for  7000£.  The  remainder,  being  very  conside- 
rably diminished  in  amount  by  these  sales,  was  purchased 
by  Mr.  Edwin  Newman,  solicitor,  for  2250/.,  in  1875.  This 
sale,  in  combination  with  those  already  mentioned  since  the 
death  of  Mr.  Alexander  John  McDougall,  as  well  as  by  several 
others  previously  made  by  his  father,  must  have  realized  very  nearly 
20,000^. ;  yet  no  further  endowment  for  the  minister  than  the  20/. 
per  annum  fixed  by  Queen  Elizabeth,  A.D.  1589,*  was  ever  made.  A 
proposition  to  raise  this  amount  to  200/.  per  annum,  contingent 
upon  the  success  of  Mr.  Alexander  John  McDougall's  litigation 
with  the  Gresham  House  proprietors,  was  indeed  made,  but  it  was 
frustrated  by  his  death.  The  McDougall  family  afterwards  pro- 
posed to  purchase  an  annuity  of  200£.  for  the  then  incumbent, f 
but  it  came  to  nothing  after  a  considerable  amount  of  negotiation, 
and  the  minister's  stipend  would  still  have  remained  20/.  per 
annum  had  not  the  amalgamation  of  the  two  parishes  of  St.  Helen 
and  St.  Martin  Outwich  taken  place,  A.D.  1873,  by  Order  of 

*  See  p.  49.  f  The  Rev.  Dr.  Cox. 


54  Ministers  of  St.  Helens. 

Council,   to  which    reference  will  be  fully    made  in  a  future 
chapter. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  ministers  or  vicars,  as  also  of  the 
curates,  lecturers,  and  readers,  &c. ;  and  also  of  Sir  M.  Lumley's 
lecturers : — 

VICARS.  CURATES.  LECTURERS. 

1571.  Thomas  Sir,*  died  1576. 

1575.  Olivar,  John.  1576.  Thos.  Barbor. 

1586.  Lewis.  1580.  Gardener. 

1600.  Hughes,  Lewis.  1586.  Lewis. 

1603.  Ball,  Richard. 

1613.  Downing,  Thomas. 

1618.  Evans,  Thomas. 

1619.  Lawrence,  William. 
1621.  Brown,  Joseph. 

1635.  Maden,  Richard,  1636.  Townsend.  1636.  Walker. 

Author  of  Sermons  of 

Christ's  love  towards 

Jerusalem.  Lond.  1637. 

1639.  Milward,  Matthias.  1639.  Broadstreet. 

1642.  Edwards,  Thomas. 
1645.  Willes,  Samuel. 

1647.  Barham,  Arthur.  1647.  A.  Barham. 

1663.  Sybbald,  John,   A.M.,  1655.  Cooper. 

Oct.  5.f 
1666.  Horton,  Tho3,  S.T.P.,  J 

June  13. 
1674.  Felling,  Edw.,  A.M.,§ 

Maii  11. 


*  Such  of  the  clergy  as  were  under  the  degree  of  doctor  were  commonly 
called  Sir.  (Heylin's  History  of  the  Reformation,  vol.  i.  p.  197,  ed.  Lond.) 
(Robertson,  Eccl.  Hist.  Soc.),  1849. 

f  See  Newcourt's  Repert.  Lond.,  vol.  i.  p.  365,  edit.  Lond.  1708. 

J  Tho.  Horton,  Doctor  of  Divinity  of  Cambridge,  and  Master  of  Queen's 
.  College  there,  was  incorporated  in  the  same  Degree  in  Convocation  at  Oxford, 
Aug.  9, 1652.  He  was  born  in  London,  bred  in  Emanuel  College,  of  which 
he  became  Fellow,  and  a  noted  Tutor  to  young  Presbyterian  scholars.  In 
1637  he  was  constituted  one  of  the  publick  Preachers  of  the  University  of 
Cambridge,  and  in  1638,  or  thereabouts,  he  became  minister  of  S.  Mary 
Cole-Church,  London  (a  Donative  in  the  Mercers'  Company),  afterwards  he 
was  Preacher  to  the  Society  of  Gray's  Inn,  Reader  of  Divinity  in  G-resham 
College,  a  Holder-forth  sometimes  before  the  Long  Parliament,  one  of  the 
Triers  or  Commissioners  appointed  for  the  Approbation  of  publick  Preachers 
and  Vicar  of  this  parish  of  S.  Helen's,  as  my  author  saith  [Ath.  Ox.,  vol. 
ii.  p,  779].  However,  after  the  RestaUration,  upon  the  Resignation  of  Sybbald, 
it  appears  that  in  1666,  June  13,  he  was  collated  to  this  Vicarage  by  the  Dean 
and  Chapter  of  St.  Paul's,  which  he  held  till  his  Death.  (June  13,  1674.) 

§  Edw.  Pelling  on  appointment  to  S.  Martin,  Ludgate. 


Ministers  of  St.  Helen's. 


55 


VICARS. 

1678.  Hesketh,  Henry,  A.M., 

Nov.  11,  res.  Chosen 

by  Parish,  by  consent 

of  Dean  £  Chapter. 

Bishop      of    Killala, 

1689-90.* 
1694.  Willis,  Thomas,  A.M., 

Jan.  23.  Died.  Chosen 

as  above. 
1701.  Estwicke,  Sampson,  June 

4.     Chosen  as  above. 

Impropriator's     right 

allowed. 

1712.  Butler,  William,  LL.  D .  f 
1715.  James  Ptolemy,  M.A.t 
1729.  Gaithorne,  John.  Called 

Sequestrator. 
1 73  J.  Hay  wood,      Valentine, 

A.M.§ 
1745.  Coulton,  George. 

1773.  Naish,  John,  Febr  13. 
Presented  by  Impro- 
priator  and  collated 
byDean  and  Chapter. 

1795.  Watts,  Robert,  M.A., 
Nov.  2.  Resd  Col- 
lated by  Dean  and 
Chapter  against  Im- 
propriator's recom- 
mendation. 

1799.  Blenkarne,  James,  M.  A.  || 
Oct.  13.  Died. 


CURATES. 

1678.  Plymley. 


1689.  John  Dalgarno. 


LECTURERS. 

1685.  Dr  Fuller. 


1726.  Ricd  Bond. 
1731.  Allen. 

1758.  G.  Toovey, 

D.D. 

Win,  Edmonds. 
Assistant. 

1795.  J.J.  Ellis. 


1 700.  Thos  Haws, 


1741.  Simpson. 

1745.  Smith. 
1760.Mapletoft. 

1763.  Carey. 


1774.  Middleton. 


1805.  Bleiikarne. 


*  Henry  Hesketh,  although  nominated  Bishop  of  Killala,  does  not  appear 
to  have  been  consecrated,  William  Lloyd,  a  Welshman,  but  of  Trinity 
College,  Dublin,  Precentor  of  Killala,  and  Dean  of  Anchrory,  having  suc- 
ceeded Dr.  Richard  Tennison,  translated  to  Clogher.  See  Cotton's  Fasti 
Eccl.  Hibern.,  vol.  iv.  p.  73.  Ed.  Dublin,  1848-51. 

t  Rector  of  St.  Anne's,  Aldersgate,  and  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's,  pub- 
lished a  sermon,  "  Thanks  for  Yictory,"  1704,  4to,  Esth.  iv.  14 ;  Fast  sermon, 
1712,  4to,  Prov.  xxi.  30  ;  Assize,  1715,  4to,  Titus  iii.  1 ;  "  Vice  the  destruction 
of  the  Soul,"  1719,  4to,  Matthew,  viii  22  ;  "  Reformation  of  Manners,"  1722, 
8vo,  Eph.  v.  11 ;  Visitation,  1723,  4to,  Ex.  xx.  7 ;  election  of  Lord  Mayor, 
1724,  4to,  Nek  v.  19  ;  election  of  Lord  Mayor,  1729,  4to,  Ex.  xviil  21. 

%  Of  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  A.M.,  1694,  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's, 
preached  a  sermon  on  the  funeral  of  Mr.  Durley,  1717,  4to,  Psalm  xxvii.  15 ; 
LL.B.  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  1715. 

§  A.M.  of  St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  1781. 

j|  See  Malcolm's  History  of  London,  vol.  iii.  p.  552.,  ed.  London,  1803. 


56  Ministers  of  St.  Helen's. 

VICABS.  LECTURERS. 

1835.  Charles        Mackenzie,  1835.     C.      Mac- 

M.  A, ,  resigned*  1 847.  kenzie. 

1847.  J.  M.  L.  Le  Mesurier,  1847.  Albert  Als- 

M.A.,  Archdeacon  of  ton,  M.A.,  after- 

Gibraltar,  resigned.  wards  D.D.,  died 

Dec.  1871. 

1849.  John  Edmund  Cox,M.  A.,  1872.   J.   E.    Cox, 

afterwards  D.D.  Jan.  Jan?  6th. 

19,  1849.  Resigned 
May  22, 1873,  on  amal- 
gamation of  St  Martin 
Outwich  with  St. 
Helen's. 

1873.  John     Bathurst    Dean,  Vicar  in  charge,  by  Order  of  Council,  John 

M.A.,    Rector  of    St.  Edmund  Cox,  D.D.,  May  5th,  1873. 

Martin's  Outwich,  was 
instituted  Vicar,  on  re- 
signation of  Dr.  Cox. 


*  On  appointment  to  St.  Benet,  Gracechurch. 


57 


CHAPTER    IV. 

MONUMENTS. 

"  MONUMENTS  were  denominated  a  muniendo,  because  they  were  at 
the  first  erected  to  defend  the  bodies  of  the  dead  from  the  savage 
brutishness  of  wild  beasts,  which  otherwise  might  have  destroyed 
the  bodies  in  their  graves;  for  in  those  days  all  were  buried  in  the 
fields  near  some  way,  or  at  the  feet  or  top  of  mountains,  as  now  in 
Turkey,  and  the  eastern  parts  of  the  world ;  about  which  time  it 
was  the  usage  in  England  to  inter  their  dead  upon  the  ridges  of 
hills,  or  spacious  plains,  fortified  or  fenced  about  with  pointed  stones, 
pyramids,  pillars,  or  such  like  monuments,  as  Stonehenge  on 
Salisbury  Plain,  &c.,  to  put  passengers  in  mind  of  their  mortality ; 
and  though  the  British  cities  had  churches  from  the  beginning  of 
Christianity,  yet  the  Christians  always  buried  their  dead  without 
the  walls  of  towns  and  cities  until  the  time  of  Gregory  the  Great, 
who  was  Bishop  of  Rome,  anno  590,  when  the  monks,  friars,  and 
priests  began  to  offer  sacrifices  for  the  souls  departed.  At  length 
they  obtained  churchyards  for  places  to  bury  their  dead  for  the 
advantage  of  their  profit ;  and  in  process  of  time,  license  to  bury 
in  churches,  that  so  often  as  their  relations  came  to  those 
holy  places  and  beheld  their  sepulture,  they  might  remember,  and 
earnestly  pray  to  the  Lord  for  them;  for  which  reason  Con- 
stantine  was  buried  in  the  porch  of  the  Apostles  in  Constantinople, 
Honorus  in  the  porch  of  St.  Peter  at  Rome,  and  the  Empress  in 
the  church  :  and  in  England  Augustine  the  Monk,  Bishop  of 
Canterbury,  was  buried  in  the  porch  of  the  Church  of  St.  Peter 
and  St.  Paul,  near  Canterbury  a  religious  house  of  his  own 
foundation,  without  the  city,  and  the  six  next  succeeding  Bishops 
of  the  same  Province  were  interred  near  him. 

"  Cuthbert,  the  eleventh  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  consecrated 
anno  741,  obtained  a  dispensation  about  the  year  758,  from  the  Pope, 
to  make  cemeteries  and  churchyards  in  England  for  the  burial  of 


58  Uses  of  Monuments. 

their  dead ;  for  before  his  time  the  bodies  of  the  Kings  and  Arch- 
bishops in  England  were  not  buried  in  cities,  for  in  those  days  they 
followed  the  example  of  our  Saviour  who  was  buried  without  the 
gate,  and  this  Archbishop  was  the  first  that  was  interred  in  Christ's 
Church.  Shortly  after,  gravestones  were  made  and  tombs  erected 
with  inscriptions  engraved  upon  them  declaring  briefly,  with  a  kind 
of  commiseration,  the  name,  age,  merit,  dignity,  state,  praise,  time, 
fortune,  and  manner  of  the  death  of  the  party  interred  which  was 
called  an  epitaph,  and  have  always  been  accounted  the  greatest 
mark  of  respect,  because  they  express  a  great  love  to  the  deceased 
person,  and  preserves  his  memory  to  posterity,  which  was  a 
comfort  to  his  friends  and  relations,  and  put  them  in  mind  of 
his  mortality. 

' ( The  invention  of  these  epitaphs  proceeded  from  the  presage  or 
sense  of  immortality  implanted  naturally  in  all  men,  and  is 
attributed  to  the  scholars  of  Linus  the  Theban  poet  (who  flourished 
about  the  year  of  the  world  2700.  For  they  first  bewailing  this  Linus 
their  master  in  doleful  verses  when  he  was  slain,  those  verses  were 
called  from  him  ^Elinum,  afterwards  Epitaphia,  because  they  were 
first  sung  at  burials,  and  afterwards  engraved  upon  the  sepulchres  ; 
which  may  be  called  monuments  a  memoria,  for  that  they  are 
memorials  to  put  men  in  mind  of  their  frail  condition  and  their 
deceased  friends ;  or  a  monendo  to  warn  men  of  their  mortality, 
and  to  excite  their  inward  thoughts  by  the  sight  of  death  to  a 
better  life ;  and  these  monuments  were  accounted  so  sacred,  that 
such  as  violated  them  were  heretofore  punished  with  death,  banish- 
ment, condemnation  to  the  mines,  or  loss  of  members,  according 
to  the  circumstance  of  fact  and  person. 

"  These  monuments  serve  for  four  uses  or  ends  :  1.  They  are  evi- 
dences to  prove  descents  and  pedigrees.  2.  To  show  the  time  when 
the  party  deceased.  3.  They  are  examples  to  follow  the  good,  and 
eschew  the  evil.  4.  Memorials  to  put  the  living  in  mind  of  their 
mortality."* 

It  would  occupy  far  too  much  space  to  enumerate  the  numerous 
monuments  which  exist  within  the  walls  of  St.  Helen's — such,  for 
example,  as  tablets,  footstones,  &c.  The  following  descriptions, 
therefore,  are  confined  to  those  most  especially  worthy  of  notice 

*  Sir  H.  Chauncey's  Historical  Antiquities  of  HBrts,  p.  554.  Ed.  Lond.,  1700, 


JHON  ROBINSON,   A.D.    1600. 


Robinson  and  Kir  win  Monuments.  59 

and  consideration.  They  will  be  taken  into  consideration,  not 
according  to  their  respective  dates  of  erection,  but  according  to 
their  position,  beginning  from  the  north  wall  of  the  Nuns'  Quire. 
The  first  that  claims  attention  is  that  of  Jhon  Robinson, 
merchant  of  the  staple  of  London,  and  merchant-taylor ;  an 
elaborate  specimen  of  its  period — husband,  wife,  and  children 
being  placed,  according  to  sex,  on  each  side  of  an  altar-table,  with 
the  following  inscription : — 

Within  this  Monument  lye  the  earthly  parts  of  THON  ROBINSON, 
Marchant  of  ye  Staple  of  England,  free  of  ye  Copany  of  Marchant  Talors, 
and  sometymes  Alderman  of  Londo,  and  Christian  his  Wife,  Eldest 
daughter  of  Tho  Anderson,  Grocer.  They  spent  together  36  Yeares  in 
holy  Wedlock,  and  were  happy  besides  other  worldly  blessings  in  nyne 
sonnes  and  seaven  daughters.  She  changde  her  mortall  habitation  for  a 
heavenly  on  the  24th  of  April,  1592,  Her  husband  following  her  on  the 
19th  of  February,  1599.  Both  much  beloved  in  theire  lives,  and  more 
lamented  at  theire  deaths  especially  by  the  Poore  to  whome  theire  good 
deedes  (being  alive)  begott  many  prayers  and  now  (being  dead)  many 
teares.  The  glasse  of  his  life  held  three  score  and  ten  yeares,  and  then 
ran  out.  To  live  long  and  happy  is  an  honor,  but  to  die  happy  a  greater 
glory.  Boeth  these  aspired  to  boeth.  Heaven  (no  doubt)  hath  theire 
soules,  and  this  howse  of  stone  theire  bodyes,  where  they  sleepe  in  peace 
till  the  somons  of  a  glorious  resurrection  wakens  them. 

Upon  entering  the  Church  by  the  west  door,  an  altar-tomb,  of 
somewhat  small  proportions,  immediately  attracts  attention,  for 
its  simplicity  in  structure,  no  less  than  for  the  quaintness  of  its 
inscription,  which  is  as  follows  : — 

Here  lyeth  the  bodie  of  WILLIAM  KERWIN  of  this  Cittie  of  London, 
Free  Mason,  whoe  departed  this  lyfe  the  26th  daye  of  December,  Au°  Do. 
1594. 

^Edibus  Attalicis,  Londinura  qui  decoravi ; 

Me  duce  surgebant  aliis  regalia  tecta 

Exiguam  tribuunt  hanc  mihi  fata  Domo. 

Me  duce  conficitur,  ossibus  vine  meis.* 

And  here  alsoe  lyeth  the  bodie  of  MAGDALEN  KIRWIN  his  Wife 
by  whom  he  had  issue  3  sonnes  and  2  daughters  shee  deceased  the  XXIIIth 
August,  1592. 


*  The  fates  have  afforded  this  narrow  house  to  me,  who  have  adorned 
London  with  noble  buildings.  By  me,  royal  palaces  were  built  for  others.  By 
me,  this  tomb  is  erected  for  my  bones. 


60  i    t)ame  Abigail  Lawrence. 

Magdalena  jacet,  virtus  post  fata  supstes, 

Corpus  humo  tectum,  Christo  veniente  resurget 

Conjugiique  fides,  Keligioque  manent. 

Ut  mentis  consors  astra  suprema  colat. 
Nos  quos  certus  amor  primis  conjunxit  abbanis 
Junxit  idem  Tumulus,  junxit  idemque  Polus.* 

BENJAMIN  KIR  WIN  ye  sonne  of  WILLIAM  KIRWIN,  deceased  ye  12th 
of  July  An.  Dom. — 1621,  whoe  had  issue  7  sonnes  and  5  daughters  whereof 
5  of  them  are  buried  in  this  Vault. 

Christus  mini  vita 
Mors  mihi  lucrum.f 

On  the  right-hand  side,  or  the  south  wall  of  the  Church, 
is  the  following  monument : — 

En  Jtftemorp 
Of  Dame  ABIGAIL  LAWRENCE 

Late  Wife  of  Sr  JOHN  LAWRENCE,  Kn4  &  Alderman  heere  interr°d 

was  this  tomb  Erected 

Shee  was  the  tender  Mother  of  ten  Children 

the  nine  first  being  all  daughters 

she  suckled  at  her  owne  breasts 

they  all  lived  to  be  of  age, 

her  last  a  son  died  an  Infant 

Shee  lived  a  married  wife  thirty  nine  years 

three  and  twenty  whereof 

Shee  was  an  exemplary  matron  of  this  Cittie 

dying  in  the  59th  year  of  her  age 

being  the  6  June 

1682. 

Returning  to  the  Nuns'  Quire,  at  a  very  small  intervening  space 
from  the  Robinson  monument,J  the  spectator  is  startled  by  the 
appearance  of  a  huge,  incongruous,  and  ugly  piece  of  masonry — a 
tomb  in  the  very  worst  taste,  and  so  unsightly  as  to  mar  the 
entire  ecclesiastical  proportions  of  this  part  of  the  building. 
It  is  to  the  memory  of  Francis  Bancroft,  and  bears  the 
following  inscription : — 


*  Magdalen  lies  here !  Thou  virtue  survivest  the  tomb.  Her  body  now 
covered  with  earth  shall  rise  again  at  the  coming  of  Christ :  To  her  Husband, 
Faith  and  Religion  still  remain  that  when  deprived  of  life,  he  may  dwell  in 
the  loftiest  heaven. 

The  same  Tomb  has  joined  and  the  same  Heaven  has  united  us,  whom 
an  unvaried  love  connected  from  our  earliest  years. 

f  To  me  to  live  is  Christ,  to  die  is  gain* 
J  Seep.  59. 


Francis  Bancroft.  61 

The  ground  whereon  this  Tomb  stands  was 
Purchased  of  this  Parish  in  MDCCXXIII  by 

FKANCIS  BANCROFT  Esq* 

for  the  interrment  of  himself  and  friends  only 
(and  was  Confirm' d  to  him  by  a  Faculty  from  the 

Dean  and  Chapter  of  S*  Paul's 

London  the  same  year)  and  in  his  Lifetime  he 

erected  this  tomb,  Anno,  1726  and  settled  part  of 

his  Estate  in  London  and  Middlesex  for  the 

Beautifying  and  Keeping  the  same 

in  Eepair  for  ever. 

Francis  Bancroft  left  behind  him  a  very  singular  will,  in 
which  the  most  curious  directions  were  specified  for  the  interment 
of  his  remains.*  The  reputation  this  individual  bore  during  his 
lifetime  was  not  of  the  best.  He  was  a  descendant  of  Archbishop 
Bancroft,  and  in  early  life  is  reported  to  have  been  in  poor  cir- 
cumstances. He  obtained  the  appointment  of  Lord  Mayor's 
officer,  of  which  there  were  at  the  time  four,  two  seniors  and  two 
juniors.  It  appears  that  the  juniors  had  the  enviable  (!)  privilege 
of  laying  informations,  and  of  obtaining  half  the  fines  that  were 
levied  upon  those  who  had  infringed  the  law.  They  were,  in  fact, 
informers.  In  the  natural  order  of  things,  the  junior  officers  became 
seniors.  Thrice,  it  is  said,  this  promotion  fell  to  Francis  Ban- 
croft's lot,  and  thrice  did  he  buy  back  the  junior  office,  in  order 
to  carry  on  the  process  by  which  he  realized  his  money.  So 
unpopular  was  he  in  the  City  of  London,  it  is  recorded,  that  when 
he  was  buried  the  populace  mobbed  his  remains,  attempted  to 
upset  the  coffin,  and  rung  the  bells,  which  were  then  located 
above  the  entrance  to  Great  St.  Helen's. f  With  the  property  left 
to  the  disposition  and  management  of  the  Drapers'  Company,  the 
Bancroft  Hospital  was  founded  in  Mile-End  Road,  for  the  benefit  of 
twenty-four  almsmen,  and  the  education,  clothing,  and  maintenance 
of  one  hundred  poor  boys.  The  funds,  most  carefully  and  con- 
sistently husbanded,  have  very  largely  increased ;  the  value  of  the 
charity,  in  every  particular,  is  reckoned  only  second  to  Christ's 
Hospital,  Newgate  Street.  An  application  has  been  recently  made 
to  the  Drapers'  Company  who,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  monumental 
inscription  upon  the  tomb,  have  the  custody  and  charge  of  its 
maintenance  and  repair,  by  the  testator's  will,  for  ever — to 

*  For  Francis  Bancroft's  Will,  see  Appendix, 
t  See  Stow's  Survey,  p.  278.    Ed.  Lond.  1754. 


62  Smith  and  Kuhff. 

remove  this  hideous  specimen  of  bad  taste  and  ridiculous  vanity 
to  another  spot,  under  the  great  west  window  of  the  Nuns'  Quire, 
unhappily  without  effect,  it  being  supposed  that  a  consent  to 
comply  with  the  request  may  invalidate  the  terms  of  Francis  Ban- 
croft's will.  In  compliance  with  the  directions  of  that  document, 
a  sermon  is  preached  in  commemoration  of  his  ' '  Act  and  deed/' 
for  which,  and  for  reading  the  prayers,  the  sum  of  II.  Us.  Qd.} 
liberally  increased  of  late  years  to  5£.  5$.,  has  to  be  paid  to  the 
officiating  minister,  7*.  Qd.  to  the  parish  clerk,  and  5$.  to  the 
sexton. 

Passing  from  the  consideration  of  Francis  Bancroft  and  his 
tomb,  the  eye  is  caught  by  a  plain  tablet — 

3En  Jttemorp  of 

JOHN    SMITH,   Esqre 

of  this  Parish  who  died  June  29th  1783  Aged  80 

By  Strict  Probity 

Sincerity  and  Benevolence 

he  endeared  himself  to 

ALL 

who  knew  him. 

But  more  especially  to  the  Poor  and  Needy 

by  kind  Condesension  &  boundless 

CHARITY. 

Reader  Go  and  do  thou  likewise." 

Adjoining  the  above  is  another  equally  plain  and  simple  tablet, 
bearing  the  following  inscription : — 

Near  this  Spot  are  deposited  the  remains  of 

HENRY  PETER  KUHFF,  Esquire* 

who  departed  this  life 

October  the  10th  1796 

in  the  70th  year  of  his  age 

of 

PETER  KUHFF,  his  Son 

who  died  January  the  10th  1786 

in  his  7th  year 

of 
FREDERICK  CHARLES  KUHFF,  Esquire 

who  died  March  11*  1792 
Aged  50  Years 


*  1796,  Oct.  10,  at  Highgate  in  his  70th  year,  Henry  Peter  Kuhff,  Esq. 
An  eminent  merchant,  and  many  years  a  Director  of  the  Royal  Assurance 
Co.— Gentleman's  Mag.,  p.  883. 


MAETIN  BOND,   A,D.   1643, 


Captain  Martin  Bond.  63 

We  next  approach  one  of  the  most  remarkable  amongst  the 
many  remarkable  monuments  for  which  this  Church  has  obtained 
the  appellation  of  "  The  Westminster  Abbey  of  the  City"— that 
of  Martin  Bond,  Captain  of  the  City  Train-bands  in  1588,  when 
that  body  of  citizen  soldiers  were  reviewed  by  Queen  Elizabeth  at 
Tilbury,  in  preparation  against  the  threatened  invasion  of  the 
Spanish  Armada.  It  is  placed  on  the  north  wall  of  the  Nuns'  choir, 
and  represents  an  encampment.  In  the  foreground  is  a  large 
open  tent,  within  which  he  is  represented  sitting  in  a  thoughtful 
posture  at  a  table.  At  the  side  of  the  tent  a  page  holds  his  horse, 
and  in  the  front  are  two  sentinels  with  partisans,  in  large 
boots  and  slouched  hats.  The  whole  is  enclosed  in  a  frontispiece, 
consisting  of  two  composite  columns,  sustaining  an  enta- 
blature and  pediment,  the  cornice  broken  to  admit  the  arms ; 
below  the  sculpture  is  the  inscription,  from  which  we  learn 
that  all  this  military  display  is  for  a  captain  of  the  Trained 
Bands. *  The  monument  is,  however,  invaluable  as  displaying  to 
perfection  the  costume  of  the  times.  This  was  covered  with 
numerous  coats  of  black  paint,  which  have  recently  been  removed 
by  the  care  of  the  Haberdashers'  Company,  to  show  that  the 
materials  of  which  the  monument  is  composed  consists  of  black 
marble  and  alabaster.  The  inscription  is  as  peculiar  as  the 
monument  itself  is  remarkable: — 


Sacrum. 

Neere  this  place  resteth  ye  body  of  ye  worthy 

Cittizen  and  Soldier 
MARTIN  BOND  Esqr. 

Son  of  Willm  Bond,  Sherief  and  Alderman  of  London 
He  was  Captaiue  in  ye  yeare  1588  at  ye  Camp  at  Tilbury  and  after  remained 

Cheief  Captaine  of  ye  trained  bandes  of  this  Cittiy  until  his  death. 

He  was  a  marchant  adventurer  and  free  of  ye  Company  of  Haberdashers. 

he  lived  to  the  age  of  85  yeares 

and  dyed  in  May  1643. 

His  pyety,  prudence,  courage  and  honesty  have  left 
behinde  him,  a  never  dyeing  monument. 

*  Trained  Band  for  Aldersgate.    Afterwards  in  the  Artillery. 


64  William  and  Esther  Finch. 

Quam  prudens  hie  Miles  erat,  quam  Nobile  Pectus 
Noverunt  Princeps,  Patria,  Castra,  Duces, 

Civi  quanta  fuit  Pietas,  quam  larga  Manusq  ; 
Pauperis  agnoscunt  Viscera,  Templa  Togas. 

Miles  hie  et  Civis  qualem  Vix  millibus  Unum 
Saecla  referre  queant,  nee  meminisse  Parem. 

Patruo  bene  merito  Gulielmus  Bond,  Armiger  Posvit.  * 

To  the  right  of  this  monument,  but  at  a  lower  level,  is  a  monu- 
ment to  the  father  of  Captain  Martin  Bond,  who  was  designated,  as 
appears  by  the  inscription,  the  Flos  mercatorum  of  his  times. 

On  the  floor  of  the  north  aisle  is  a  slab,  on  which  the  effigy  of 
the  deceased — name  unknown — and  several  shields,  &c.  are  cut  on 
the  stone  in  the  manner  of  a  brass.  Such  memorials  are  rather 
uncommon. 

Immediately  adjacent  to  the  monument  of  Captain  Bond  is  a 
somewhat  ugly  structure,  to  which  reference  is  made  simply  on 
account  of  the  singularity  of  its  inscription,  which  runs  to  the 

following  effect : — 

State  &rattum 

Peripatetice,  &  paulisper  contemplare, 
Ornatissimi  microcosmi  heu  !  breves  reliquias 

Nunc  in  pulverem  redacti  olim 
G  ULTELMI  FINCH,  Armigeri  antiqua  & 

in  Agro  Cantij  Familia  oriundi 

Naturae  &  Gratiae  dotibus  egregie  nobilitate  Ad  Oris  Corporisq. 
venustatem  accessit  major  Animae  pulchritudo  optimis  virtutibus  insignitae  Quas  in 

Christianas  Religionis  testimonium  et  decus  luculenter  usque  exeruit. 
Eximia  in  Deum.  0.  M.  Pietate  erga  Sacros  Pastores  summa  Reverentia  Fidelitate 
in  Principem,  Justitia  in  Proximum  Conjugal!  Paternaq  Indulgentia  Singular!  in 
Familiares  affectu  integgerrimo  propensa  in  Omnes  Benevolentia ;  Lingua  castus  et 
candidus,  manu  supra  fidem  Liberalis  ;  Nemini  turpiter  obloqui,  aut,  obtrectare 
solitus  omnibus  benifacere,  inprimis  Egenis  absqb,  proecinente  buccina,  Eleemosynis 
pariter  ac  Thesauris  plenus,  quo  probe  accumulatas  in  Terra  plurimos  prudens 
Mercator  in  Coelo  recondidit,  Vitam  tandem  comuiutandis  aliquandiu  mercibus 
prospere  transactam  42  JEtatis  annum  emensus  Jun  27.  1672.  Meliori  qusestu  cum 

Morte  comutavit. 

Relictis  &  bonae  Spei  Parvulis  cum  dilectissima  et  amantissima  Uxore  quae  in 
perpetuam  tarn  chari  Capitis  Memoriam  Monumentum  hoc  constantissimi  Amoris 
Pignus,  exfcruendum  curavit,  Ipsa  interim  maerore  cum  Illo  consepulta  Abiiam 
attonitus  Viator  &  mirare  tarn  probum  in  tarn  pravo  seculo  Virum,  aut  vivere 

potuisse,  aut  debuisse 
MORI. 

*  How  prudent  was  this  soldier,  and  how  noble  his  mind,  his  prince,  his 
country,  and  his  superior  officers  knew.  How  great  his  piety,  how  extensive 
his  liberality  the  poor  can  testify,  as  also  religion  and  the  pensioners  on  his 
bounty  This  soldier  and  citizen  ages  cannot  produce  one  out  of  a  thousand 
to  equal,  nor  is  his  like  remembered.  William  Bond,  Esq.  has  erected  this 
as  a  memorial  of  his  uncle's  worth. 


WILLIAM  BOND,   A.D.    1576. 


Finch  and  Drax.  C5 

ESTHER  FINCH,  Fcemina  castissima,  Viro  morigera  et  curse  dcmesticse 
dulce  levamen  liberorum  (quos  septem  reliquit)  Mater  provida,  Sincera 
pietate,  alacri  erga  tenuiores  beniguitate,  liberalitate  in  omnes,  morum 
denique  sanctitate  conspicua.  Viri  (dum  in  vivis  esset)  decus  simul  et 
.  solamen,  defuncti  Vidua  supra  quaradici  potest  moestissima.  Vixit  annos 
41.  Menses  5.  demptis  diebus  11.  Obiit  Mali  die  4  Anno  Salutis  1673.* 

Within  very  small  intervening  space  another  singular  epitaph 
is  worth  consideration.     It  runs  thus  : — 

lEpttapI; 

On  the  lamented  death  of  his  honored  Friend 
WILLIAM  DRAX 

Esq.  who  exchanged  this  life  for  immortality  Decem  17 

1669  in  the  63  yeare  of  his  Age. 
To  thy  dear  memory  blest  soule  i  paie 
This  humble  tribuit  though  in  such  a  way 
As  reather  doth  proclaime  my  want  of  skill 
Than  any  want  of  love  of  heart  and  will 
True  to  thy  trust  none  in  our  memory 
Can  charge  the  more  or  less  with  treuchery 
Bring  forth  the  p'son,  Rich,  poore,  old  or  younge 
That  can  justly  say  he  ever  did  them  wrong 
In  others  weal  or  woe  thy  heart 
Would  sympathies  and  take  its  part 
Oh  what's  more  like  the  Deity 
Than  blessed  hoary  piety 
A  soul  fitted  for  heaven  when  glorious  Grace 
Triumphs  with  him  in  his  sure  restinge-place 
But  is  he  dead     Can  I  beleeve 
That  he  should  die  and  we  should  live 
Methinks  we  may  the  knot  untie 
Better  to  live  fitter  to  dye 
Now  death  I  see  doth  wisely  chuse 
The  gold  but  doth  the  dross  refuse 
Weepe  not  as  without  hope  cry  not  alas 
Hees  better  where  he  is  than  where  he  was 
Hearke,  is  not  that  his  voice  doth  not  he  say 
Heaven's  meanest  mansion,  is  worth  this  globe  of  clay 
Who  so  doth  live  and  doe  and  die  like  thee 
His  fame  shall  last  to  all  eternity. 


*  Stop !  0  passenger,  and  for  awhile  contemplate  philosophically  the 
remains  of  that  Microcosm,  formerly  most  adorned,  alas,  now  reduced  to  dust. 
William  Finch,  Esq.,  sprung  from  an  ancient  and  illustrious  family  of  Kent. 
To  the  beauty  of  his  countenance  and  shape  of  body  (gifts  of  Nature),  as  well 
as  to  nobility  of  birth,  he  added  the  beauty  of  a  soul  adorned  with  the  best 
virtues,  which  he  constantly  used  in  testimony,  and  for  the  honour  of  the 
Christian  Religion. 

Of  great  piety  towards  God  (our  greatest  good),  reverence  for  his  pastors, 

F 


66  Sir  Thomas  Greskam. 

Northward  of  this  is  the  tomb  of  the  great  City  merchant,  Sir 
Thomas  Gresham,  concerning  whom  the  following  information  may 
for  the  present  suffice,  as  an  account  of  his  remarkable  career  appears 
under  the  head  of  "  Worthies"  connected  with  St.  Helen's. 
It  consists  of  a  large  altar-tomb  of  rich  Sienna  marble,  covered 
with  a  ledger  of  black  marble,  the  dado  of  which  is  richly 
ornamented  with  various  mouldings  appertaining  to  Italian  archi- 
tecture, and  Sir  Thomas's  arms,  in  a  more  chaste  style  than  the 
usual  works  of  the  period.  It  has  recently  been  thoroughly  cleaned 
and  restored  at  the  expense  of  the  Gresham  Committee  and  Mercers' 
Company.  Above  this  tomb  a  helmet  is  placed  upon  a  bracket, 
in  the  angle  of  the  window — restored  and  filled  with  stained  glass 
during  the  restoration  of  1865-8,  at  the  charge  of  the  Gresham 
Committee  of  the  Corporation  of  the  City  of  London — which 
helmet,  tradition  intimates,  was  borne  before  the  corpse  on  the 
night  of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham' s  funeral. 

In  like  manner,  with  reference  to  Sir  Andrew  Judd,  whose 
monument  is  fixed  upon  the  opposite  side  of  the  same  window,  the 
inscription  of  his  monument  is  only  given ;  the  further  particulars 


fidelity  towards  his  prince,  justice  to  his  neighbours,  indulgence  to  his  wife 
and  children,  affection  for  his  friends,  and  benevolence  to  all,  chaste  and 
sincere  in  language,  and  of  incredible  liberality  of  sentiment,  he  never 
reproached  or  disparaged  anyone,  but  was  accustomed  to  do  good  to  all, 
particularly  to  the  needy,  without  sounding  a  trumpet  before  him ;  abound- 
ing in  alms,  as  well  as  in  wealth,  which  honestly  accumulated  on  earth,  as  a 
prudent  merchant  he  laid  up  in  heaven.  At  length,  June  27,  1672, 
having  completed  the  forty-second  year  of  his  age,  he  bartered  with  death,  a 
prosperous  life  for  a  better  possession. 

He  was  much  lamented  by  those  he  had  left  behind  him.  His  children  of 
good  promise,  and  his  most  beloved  and  most  loving  wife,  who,  for  a  perpetual 
memorial  of  his  dear  self,  and  as  a  pledge  of  her  unvaried  love,  has  caused 
this  monument  to  be  erected ;  she  having  in  the  meantime  died  through  grief, 
is  buried  together  with  him.  Go  now,  astonished  traveller,  and  wonder  that 
a  man  so  good,  could  have  lived  in  so  depraved  an  age,  or  ought  to  have  died. 

Esther  Finch,  a  most  chaste  woman,  obedient  to  her  husband,  and  a  sweet 
soother  of  his  domestic  cares,  a  careful  mother  of  her  children  (of  whom  she 
has  seven),  of  sincere  piety,  great  benignity  towards  her  inferiors,  and  of 
liberality  to  all.  In  short,  conspicuous  for  the  sanctity  of  her  manners,  and 
at  the  same  time  the  glory  and  comfort  of  her  husband  when  alive,  but  now 
dead.  A  widow  more  sorrowful  than  can  be  expressed,  lived  41  years,  5 
months,  wanting  11  days,  and  died  May  4, 1673. 


KIR  ANDRE\V    JUDDE,   A.D.    1588. 


feJK   \VILTJAM  PICKERING,   A.D.    1^74. 


Judd  and  Pickering.  67 

of  his  career,  &c.,  being  inserted  in  the  chapter  devoted  to  the 
"  Worthies"  of  St.  Helen's. 

To  Russia  and  Muscoua 
To  Spayne  Gynny  withoute  fable 

Traveld  lie  by  land  and  sea 

Botlie  inayre  of  London  and  Staple 

The  Commenwelthe  lie  norished 

So  worthelie  in  all  his  days 
That  ech  state  fullwell  him  loved 

To  his  perpetuall  prayes. 

Three  wives  he  had  :  one  was  Mary 

Fower  sunes  one  mayde  had  he  by  her 

Annys  had  none  by  him  truly 
By  Dame  Mary  he  had  one  dowghtier 
Thus  in  the  month  of  September 
A  thowsande  fyve  hundred  fiftey 
And  eight  died  this  worthie  Stapler 
Worshipynge  his  posterytye. 
Sr  ANDREW  JUDD  KNT. 

The  magnificent  Tomb  of  Sir  William  Pickering,  who  died  at 
Pickering  House,  St.  Mary  Axe,  in  1574,  aged  58,  is  situated  under 
the  north-east  arch  of  the  choir.  For  splendour  of  decoration,  no 
monument  in  London,  out  of  Westminster  Abbey,  can  compare 
with  it.  It  consists  of  an  altar-tomb,  panelled  into  compartments, 
sustaining  on  the  ledger  six  Corinthian  columns  and  two  arches  at 
the  head  and  foot  of  the  tomb,  which  jointly  support  a  canopy 
formed  of  two  arches  resting  on  the  entablature  above  the  columns 
by  way  of  impost,  the  soffits  of  the  arches  being  filled  with  sunk 
panels,  containing  roses  and  fleur  de  lis  alternately.  The  canopy 
is  surrounded  by  an  ornamental  circle,  sustained  by  two  chimerse, 
and  enclosing  the  arms  of  the  knight — viz.,  SA.  a  chevron,  between 
three  fleur  de  lis,  OR.  Within  this  canopy,  upon  the  altar-tomb, 
lies  extended  the  effigy  of  the  knight,  the  size  of  life,  bareheaded, 
in  complete  armour  with  trunk  breeches,  his  head  resting  on  a 
rolled  mat,  and  a  ruff  surrounding  his  neck.  The  countenance  is 
open  and  full  of  animation,  the  nose  Roman,  and  the  whole 
bespeaks  a  very  handsome  man,  worthy  to  be  the  favourite  of  the 
discriminating  Elizabeth ;  at  the  feet  of  the  figure  is  a  fleur  de  lis. 
Attached  to  a  pillar  near  the  monument  is  a  tablet  with  an 
inscription :  "  To  the  memory  of  Sir  William,  and  his  father, 
Pickering."  The  monument  bears  the  following  inscrip- 
tion : — 

?  2 


68  Sir  John  and  Lady  Crosby. 

Quiescit  hie  GULIELMUS  PIKERINGUS,  Pater,  Equestris 

Ordinis  vir,  Miles  Mariscallus.  Qui  obiit  19  Mail,  Anno 

Salutis  a  Christo. 

MDXLII. 

Jacet  hie  etiam,  GULIELMUS  PIKERINGUS,  Filius,  Miles, 
Corporis  Animiq ;  bonis  insigniter  ornatus ;  Literis  excul- 
tus,  et  Heligione  sincerus :  Linguas  exacte  percalluit. 
Quatuor  Principibus  summa  cum  laude  inservivit :  Hen- 
rrco  scilicet  octavo,  Militari  virtute :  Eduardo  sexto, 
Legatione  Gallica :  Reginse  Mariae,  negotiatione  Ger- 
manica  :  Elizabeths,  Principi  omnium  illustrissimae, 
summis  officiis  devotissimus,  Obiit  Londini,  in  sedibus 
Pikeringiis,  ^Etate  LVIII  Anno  Gratia?,  MDLXXIIII 
Januarii  Quarto. 

Cujus  Memoriae,  Thomas  Henneagius,  Miles,  Camerse 
Regise  Thesaurarius  ;  Johannes  Astley,  Armiger, 
jocalium  Magister :  Drugo  Drureius,  et  Thomas 
Wottonus  Armig.,  Testamenti  sui  Executores,  Monu- 
mentum  hoc  posuere.* 

In  the  Chapel  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  on  the  south  side  of  the  choir, 
is  a  monument  of  Purbeck  marble  (A.D.  1475),  with  the  figures  of 
Sir  John  Crosby  and  his  first  wife,  Anneys.  He  is  represented  in 
plated  armour,  with  a  mantle  gathered  up  on  his  right  shoulder, 
and  falling  over  on  his  left,  under  his  back,  with  a  standing  cape, 
and  over  it  a  Yorkist  collar  of  rondeaux.  On  the  little  finger  of  the 
right  hand  is  a  ring,  and  others  on  the  little  and  third  fingers  of 
the  left  hand  :  his  hair  is  cropt  and  parted.  Under  his  head  is  a 
helmet,  the  crest  gone.  He  has  a  dagger  at  his  right  side,  fastened 
by  a  singular  belt,  but  no  sword.  His  knee-pieces  are  riveted  on 
the  inside,  and  there  is  a  fold  or  parting  on  his  greaves.  At  his  feet 
is  a  lion  looking  up  to  him.  His  lady  is  in  a  mantle,  and  very 
close-bodied  gown,  in  which  her  feet  are  folded  up,  with  long  tight 


*  Here  lies  "William  Pickering  the  elder,  Knight,  Field  Marshal,  who 
died  the  19th  of  May,  in  the  year  of  our  salvation  by  Christ  1542. 

Here  also  lieth  William  Pickering  the  younger ;  a  true  soldier,  remarkably 
endowed  with  good  things,  versed  in  literature,  and  a  sincere  Christian :  he 
was  singularly  skilled  in  languages  ;  and  served  four  sovereigns  in  the  most 
honourable  manner ;  Henry  the  Vlllth  in  his  military  capacity.  Edward  the 
YIth  in  an  embassy  to  France.  Queen  Mary  in  a  negotiation  with  Germany ; 
and  the  most  illustrious  Princess  Elizabeth,  by  the  greatest  devotedness  to 
duties  of  the  highest  moment.  He  died  in  London  at  Pickering  House, 
January  4.  In  the  year  of  grace  1574,  aged  58.  To  his  memory  Thomas 
Henneagius,  soldier  and  Treasurer  of  the  Royal  Household  ;  John  Astley, 
Esq.,Master  of  the  Jewels ;  Drugo  Drury,  soldier ;  and  Thomas  Wotton,  Esq., 
have  placed  this  monument, 


tx.KriieTit.Phcto,L,ui<-<. 


Sir  Julius  Ctesar  Adelmare.  69 

sleeves  down  to  her  wrists.  Over  the  back  of  her  hand  passes  a 
singular  band :  she  has  a  ring  on  her  fore  and  little  fingers,  and 
mmd  her  neck  a  collar  of  roses ;  a  small  cordon  hangs  on  her 
ht  hip  from  a  belt  sloping  from  the  left  side ;  her  cap  is  fitted 
close  to  her  ears,  and  the  hair  tucked  up  under  it,  a  veil  falling 
off  the  cushion  under  her  head,  which  is  supported  by  two  angels. 
At  her  feet  lie  two  little  dogs.  The  inscription,  directed  by  his 
Will  to  be  put  on  the  ledge  of  this  monument,  has  been  long  since 
removed,  but  in  quatrefoils,  surrounded  by  niches  in  two  stories — 
one  of  which,  until  recently,  was  below  the  level  of  the  floor 
and  pavement — at  the  sides  of  the  altar-tombs,  are  shields  with 
the  arms  of  Crosbie.  Sable,  a  chevron  ermine,  between  three 
rams  trippant.  Argent,  armed  and  hoofed.  Or. 

The  following  is  the  inscription,  on  brass,  that  was  originally 
placed  upon  the  edge  of  the  table  whereon  the  effigies  are  re- 
cumbent : — 

Orate  pro  animate  JOHANNIS  CROSBY,  Militis,  Aid. 
atque  tempore  vite  Majoris  Staple  ville  Caleis ;  et 
AGNETIS  Uxoris  sue,  ac  THOME,  RICHARDI  JOHANNIS, 
JOHANNIS,  MARGARETE,  et  JOHANNE  liberorum  ejusdem 
JOHANNIS  CROSBY,  Militis.  lUe  obiit  1475  et  Ilia  1466. 
Quorum  animabus  propitietur  Deus.* 

Near  this  monument,  in  the  south  transept,  is  the  singular  altar- 
tomb  of  Sir  Julius  Csesar  Adelmare,  who,  feeling  the  ruling  passion 
strong  in  death,  moulded  his  epitaph  in  the  form  of  a  deed,  to  which 
he  affixed  his  broad  seal,  which  is  fe  railed,"  and  also  its  enrolment  in 
a  court — however,  superior  to  that  in  which  he  used  to  preside. 

The  following  is  the  inscription  : — 

To  all  faithful  Christian  People  to  whom  this  writing  may  come.  Know  ye,  that 
I  JULIUS  ADELMARE  alias  CAESAR,  Knight,  Doctor  of  Laws,  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Admiralty  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  One  of  the  Masters  of  Bequests  to  King 
James,  and  of  .his  Privy  Council,  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  and  Master  of  the 
Rolls,  by  this  my  act  and  deed,  confirm,  with  my  full  consent  that  by  the  Divine 
aid,  I  will  willingly  pay  the  debt  of  Nature  as  soon  as  it  may  please  God.  In 
witness  whereof  I  have  fixed  my  hand  seal.  Feby  27.  1634 

JUL.  C2ESAR. 



*  Pray  for  the  souls  of  John  Crosby,  Soldier,  Alderman,  and  during  a 
.tion  of  his  life  Mayor  of  the  Staple  of  the  town  of  Calais,  and  of  Agnes 
as  H~.'e,  of  Thomas,  .Richard  John,  John,  Margaret  and  Johanna,  Children 
of  the  same  John  Crosby,  Soldier.  He  died  in  1475  and  she  in  1466.  On 
whose  souls  may  God  have  mercy. — Weever's  Fun.  Mo  num.,  p.  421,  ed. 
London,  1631. 


70 


Sir  John  Spencer. 


He  paid  this  debt,  being  at  the  time  of  his  death,  of  the  Privy  Council  of  King 
Charles,  also  Master  of  the  Rolls :  truly  pious,  particularly  learned,  a  refuge  to 
the  poor,  abounding  in  love,  most  dear  to  his  country,  his  children,  and  his  friends. 

He  died  April  18,  1636,  in  the  79th  year  of  his  age.     It  is  enrolled  in  Heaven. 
His  Widow,  Lady  Ann  Caesar,  has  erected  this  monument  to  his  memory  and  here 

rests  with  him. 

Against  the  south  wall  of  the  parochial  nave,  the  splendid 
monument  of  Sir  John  Spencer  is  now  placed.  At  the  restoration  of 
1865-8,  it  was  removed  from  the  south  transept  to  this  spot  by 
the  Marquis  of  Northampton,  by  whose  care,  and  at  whose  expence 
it  was  cleansed  from  numerous  coats  of  white  paint,  and  found  to 
consist  of  a  magnificent  specimen  of  the  purest  alabaster.  Upon 
this  tomb  are  placed  the  recumbent  figures  of  Sir  John  and  his  wife 
in  the  habits  of  the  times  in  which  they  lived,  the  size  of  life,  and  at 
their  feet  is  the  figure  of  their  daughter,  in  the  attitude  of  prayer. 
The  monument  is  covered  with  a  sumptuous  arched  canopy, 
ornamented  with  pyramids. 

The  following  is  the  inscription  : 


HIC  SITUS  EST  JOANNES  SPENCER 

EQTTES  AURATUS  CTVIS  &  SENATOR 

LONDINENSIS,   EJUSDEMQ  CIVITATIS 

PRAETOR  ANNO  DM.   MDXCIIII 

QUI  EX  ALICIA  BROMFELDIA 

UXORE  UNICAMRELIQTJIT  FTLIAM 

ELIZABETH  GUILIELMO  BARONI 

COMPTON  ENUPTAM  OBIIT  3° 

MABTtI 
DIE  ANNO  SALUTIS  MDCIX* 


SOCERO  BENE  MERITO 

GULIELMUS  BARO  COMPTON 

GENER  POSVIT 


A  full  account  of  this  great  City  merchant  and  trader  is  incor- 
porated amongst  the  "  Worthies  of  St.  Helen's." 

On  the  floor  of  the  north  aisle  is  a  slab,  on  which  the  effigy  of 
the  deceased  (unknown),  and  the  ornamentation  are  cut  on  the 
stone  in  the  manner  of  a  brass.  Such  memorials  are  rather  un- 
common. 

Removed  from  the  old  vestry  wall  to  a  spot  immediately  adja- 


*  Here  lies  John  Spencer,  Knight,  Citizen  and  Member  of  Parliament  for 
London.  Lord  Mayor  of  the  same  City  A.D.  1594.  By  Alicia  Bromfeld  his 
wife  he  left  an  only  daughter,  who  was  married  to  William  Baron  Compton. 
He  died  March  3  in  the  year  of  our  salvation  1609.  To  his  most  excellent 
father-in-law,  this  was  erected  by  William  Baron  Compton. 


\ 


SIR  JOHN   AND    LADY   SPENCER,    A.D.    1(J 


Alderman  Bernard  and  Reresby.  71 

cent  to  the  tomb  of  Sir  Julius  Caesar,  is  a  monument  of  Italian 
marble,  which  attracts  attention.  The  following  inscription 
records  whose  memory  it  is  intended  to  preserve  : — 

In  a  Vault  near  this  place  are  deposited  the  remains  of 
WALTER  BERNARD,  Esq. 

Alderman*  &  late  Sheriff  of  this  City 
in  both  which  stations  He  acted  to  the  General  satisfaction 

of  his  Fellow  Citizens 
His  private  as  well  as  publick  character  was  truely  amiable 

He  was  a  sincere  Christian 
A  Faithfull  Husband,  a  kind  master  and  a  true  Friend 

And  as  the  whole  Conduct  of  his  life 

was  agreeable  to  the  principles  of  true  Religion  and  virtue 

so  his  death  was  universally  Lamented. 

He  dyed  May  the  4.  1746  Aged  61. 

A  singularly  beautiful  tablet  in  the  adjacent  wall  cannot  be 
left  unnoticed,  the  workmanship  being  in  every  particular  worthy  of 
consideration.  It  bears  the  annexed  epitaph  : — 

l|tc  Sacct 
QUOD  MORTALE  BEAT  GERVASH  RERESBY. 

Antiquissima  ejusdem  nominis  familia 

Eborancensi  oriundi 

Qui  cum  triginta  plus  annos  in  Hispania 
fide  indelibata  sum  moque  honore 

vixisset 
In  Angliam  tandem 

rediit 
atque  anima  mente  inconcussS, 

Salvatori  reddidit 
An°  Dom  MDCCIV. 

Hoc  Patri  optimo 

Filius  posuit  imicus.f 

Mercy  Jesu. 

Another  elaborate  specimen  deserves  consideration  : — 


*  Alderman  of  Broad  Street  Ward. — Gentleman's  Mag.,  vol.  xvi.  p.  272. 

t  Here  lies  the  mortal  remains  of  Gervash  Reresby,  of  a  most  ancient 
family  of  the  same  name,  originally  from  Yorkshire,  who,  after  he  had  lived 
for  more  than  thirty  years  in  Spain  in  the  greatest  estimation,  and  with 
the  highest  honour,  returned  to  England,  and,  with  an  unshaken  faith, 
delivered  up  his  soul  to  his  Saviour,  Anno  Dom.  1704.  His  only  son  erected 
this  (monument)  to  his  most  excellent  parent. 


72  Cfiambretan. 

M.  S. 
CHABLES  CHAMBRELAN,  ESQ., 

Alderman  of  this  City, 
in  testimony  of  his  true  affection 

and  sorrow  for  their  deaths, 

hath  consecrated  this  Monument 

to  the  memory  of  his  dearly  beloved  wife 

RACHEL 

(the  daughter  of  Sr  John  Lawrence,  K* 

Lord  Mayor  of  London,  1665), 

who  died  August  the  21st,  1687, 

soon  after  her  delivery  of  her  10th  child. 

And  of  his  fourth  daughter,  Hester, 

who  dyed  the  9th  of  June,  1687, 

at  the  age  of  6  years,  8  months, 

Both  whose  Bodies  are  here  deposited  in  a  Vault 

near  this  place 

(belonging  to  his  Ancestors), 

In  expectation  of  a  joyful  resurrection 

at  the  last  day. 

M.  S. 

In  the  same  Vault  with  his  dear  Wife  and  daughter 

(And  with  like  hopes  of  a  joyful  resurrection  together), 

yeth  the  body  of  CHARLES  CHAMBRELAIN,  Esq.,  Alderman  of  this  City, 

who  departed  this  life  Jan.  29th,  1704,  aged  65  Years, 

having  nowhere  left  behind  him  either  a  Merchant  better  accomplished 

or  a  Gentleman  more  compleatly  adorned  with  all  sorts  of 

useful  knowledge. 
In  memory  of  her  most  affectionate 

and  entirely  beloved  Father, 
Abigail,  his  sorrowful  Daughter  and  sole  executrix 

(the  wife  of  Lemying  Rebow,  Esq.), 
caused  this  Monument  to  be  enlarged. 

This  monument  conceals  an  Early  English  window,  similar  to 
one  adjacent,  which,  although  opened  at  the  recent  restoration, 
as  to  the  interior,  could  not  be  utilized  on  account  of  a  set  of 
offices  having  been  built  upon  the  Church. 

BRASSES. 

St.  Helen's  is  by  no  means  rich  in  monumental  brasses,  but 
those  which  exist  are  generally  believed  to  be  excellent  specimens 
of  the  several  periods  whose  dates  they  bear.  For  the  sake  of 
safety,  as  well  as  of  preservation,  they  have  all  been  recently  trans- 
ferred to  the  two  restored  chapels  of  the  Holy  Ghost  and  Virgin 
Mary.  They  date  back  to  A.D.  1393,  but  in  the  more  remarkable 
instances  of  a  later  period,  A.D.  1400,  the  representation  of  a  priest 


Monumental  Brasses.  73 

in  full  canonicals,  and  a  female  figure,  there  is  no  record  to  indi- 
cate to  whom  they  refer.* 

Not  so  with  regard  to  one  adjacent — containing  the  effigies  of 
a  London  merchant  and  his  wife,  in  the  costume  of  the  period,  to 
the  memory  of  Thomas  and  Margaret  Williams,  with  the  following 
inscription : — 

Hie  jacet  THOMAS  WILLIAMS,  generos,  et  MARGARETA  Uxor  ejus 
qui  Thomas  obiit  XVI.  die  mensi  Januarij  a  dm  1495, 

Et  Margareta  obiit  die        mensi 

Quoram  animabus  propitietur  Deus.    Amen.t 

The  most  elaborate  and  perfect  of  all  the  specimens  is  that  of 
some  distinguished  gentlewoman  of  the  style  of  the  latter  part  of 
the  reign  of  Henry  VII.,  whose  costume  is  that  which  was  worn  by 
those  aged  ladies  of  that  day  who  not  unfrequently  ended  life  in 
a  nunnery  as  lady  abbesses,  or  even  as  mere  sisters,  to  the  no 
small  emolument  of  the  Church.  { 

The  next,  belonging  to  the  sixteenth  century,  in  tolerable  preser- 
vation^ to  the  memory  of  John  Leventhorpe,  Esq.,  a  figure  clothed 
in  complete  armour,  bearing  underneath  the  following  record  : — 

Hie  jacet  JOHANNES  LEENTHORP  Armig  imp  unus  quatuor  hostiarior 
camere  dom  reg  Henri  septum,  qui  obiit  VI  die  Augusti  a°  dm  me 
V°X  cuie  die  pplcietur  deus  ame.§ 

A  similar  brass,  five  years  later. 

Humbly  prayeth  you  of  your  charitie  to  pray  for  the  souls  of  Mr.  ROB*. 
ROCHESTER,  Esq.,  late  Srgeant  of  the  Pantry  of  our  Sovrain  Lord  King  Henry  the 
VIII.,  which  dep-d  this  p-sent  lyff  the  first  day  of  May,  the  yere  of  oure  Lord 
God  a  thousand  five  hundredth  and  fourteen.  On  whose  soul  ihu  of  his  i-fynite 
grace  have  mercy.  Amen. 

A  plain  strip  of  brass — the  oldest  memorial  in  the  Church — 
records  that  it  has  reference  to — 

ROBERT  COTESBROK  gist  ycy  morust le  xj  jo  de  Maris,  1'an  de  g'ce 

Mil  ccc  Ixxxxiij  ce.  11 

*  See  Fairholt's  "  Costumes,"  p.  183,  ed.  Loud.  1846. 

f  Here  lies  Thomas  Williams,  gentleman,  and  Margaret  his  wife.    The 

said  Thomas  died  Jan.  16,  1495,  and  the  said  Margaret May  God 

have  mercy  on  their  souls.    Amen. 

£  See  Fairholt's  "  Costumes,"  p.  238. 

§  Here  lies  John  Leventhorp,  Esq.,  one  of  the  four  Keepers  of  the 
Chamber  to  King  Henry  VII.,  who  died  August  6th,  1510.  To  whose  soul 
God  be  gracious.  Amen. 

||  Robert  Cotesbrok  lies  here died  the  llth  day  of  March,  the 

year  of  grace,  1393. 


74  Benolte,  Windsor  Herald. 

Two  brasses,  of  which  the  drawings  are  still  extant,  although 
they  themselves  have  altogether  disappeared  from  their  respective 
matrices,  were  to  the  memory  of — 

JOANE  daughter  of  Henry  Seamer,  and  wife  to  Richard,  Sou  and  Heir  of 
Robert  Lord  Poynings.* 

Thomas  Benolte  (A.D.  1534),  "Windsor  Herald,  and  his  two 
wives,  the  execution  of  which  must  have  been  exceedingly  beautiful. 
The  inscription,  as  follows,  has  been  preserved : — 

Here  under  lieth  the  Bodi  of  THOMAS  BENOLTE,  Squyer,  sometyme  servant  and 
offycer  of  Armes,  by  the  name  of  Windsor  Herault,  unto  the  right  high,  and  most 
mighty  Prince  of  ....  most  drade  Souverayne  Lord  Kyng  Henry  the  VIII: 
which  Thomas  Benolte,  otherwyes  namyd  Clarenceux  Kyng  of  Armes,  decesid  the 
Viii  day  of  May,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  God  MVCXXXIIIJ,  in  xxvi  yere  of  our 
said  Soverayne  Lord. 


*  "  The  account  of  this  monument,  given  in  Stow's  Survey  of  London, 
from  the  first  to  the  last  edition,  adds  '  she  died  a  virgin,  1420.'  This  figure 
is  now  lost,  but  an  impression  of  it  ...  taken  by  the  late  Mr.  E.  R.  Mores, 
when  it  was  preserved  in  the  church  chest,  represents  her  habited  in  a 
mantle,  surcot,  and  kirtle  with  mitten  sleeves,  and  on  her  breast,  $u  mercg ; 
her  head-dress  is  of  the  veil  kind,  with  the  bosses  of  reticulated  hair  above 

her  ears Mr.  Mores  has  written  under  it,  '  Obiit  virgo,  1420.' — 

Gough's  Sepulchral  Monuments,  vol.  ii.  part  2,  p.  55,  ed.  Lond,  1786-96.  See 
also  Stow's  Survey  of  Lond.,  vol.  i.  p.  431. 

"  In  this  Church  their  was  a  figure  of  the  Trinity,  and  a  high  altar  of 
S  Helen ;  to  wh  much  devotion  was  paid.  In  the  year  1488,  Rafe  Mackin, 
Esq.,  of  this  parish,  made  his  will,  to  be  buried  before  the  Trinity,  in  S* 
Helen's  Parish,  in  Bishopsgate- Street,  &c.  Item,  I  bequeath  to  the  Church 
a  blake  velvet  gown,  and  a  blake  velvet  cloke.  Item,  I  bequeath  to  the  high 
aultare  of  S*  Ellen's  a  fyne  Diaper  Tabull  Cloath." — Stow's  Survey  of 
London :  vol.  i.  p.  431,  ed.  Lond.,  1754-55. 


75 


CHAPTER    V. 

BENEFACTORS. 

THE  Benefactors  belonging  to  this  parish  are  numerous,  as  the 
following  list — obtained  from  authentic  parochial  documents — 
fully  proves,  and  cannot  fail  to  be  acceptable  as  a  record  of  the 
pious  benevolence  of  our  forefathers  by  the  antiquarian  and 
archaeologist. 

1579,  May  16. — MARGARET  DANE  bequeathed  to  the  Master, 
Wardens  and  Company  of  Ironmongers  the  sum  of  2000£,  on 
condition  that  they  should  lend  to  twenty  young  men  of  the  Com- 
pany 100£.  each  at  61.  per  cent,  for  the  space  of  three  years,  on 
sufficient  security,  and  on  repayment  that  it  should  be  lent  out 
again  from  time  to  time  for  ever,  and  that  in  consideration  of  the 
benefit  thereof  the  Company  should  put  in  sufficient  security  to 
pay  yearly  10 0£.  as  follows  :  to  Christ's  Hospital,  St.  Bartholomew's, 
and  St.  Thomas's  Hospital,  10£  each ;  to  twenty  poor  maids  at  their 
marriage  10£;  to  the  Universities  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge  5£. 
each,  for  the  relief  and  bringing  up  in  learning  two  poor  scholars ; 
10£.  to  be  distributed  in  bread  and  beef  amongst  poor  prisoners  in 
Newgate,  &c. ;  5£  towards  the  maintenance  of  a  school  at  Bishop's 
Stortford;  10£.  for  a  dinner  in  their  hall  on  the  anniversary  of 
her  death,  and  to  provide  twelve  thousand  faggots  every  year,  to 

be  equally  distributed  to  each  ward The  sum  of  £5£.  is  paid 

yearly,  in  lieu  of  faggots,  to  the  aldermen  of  twenty-four  of  the 
wards  of  London,  \L  Qs.  10r/.  to  each  for  distribution  among  the 

poor  of  their  respective  wards The  amount  annually  received 

by  this  parish  is  two  shillings. 

1599,  July  1£. — JOHN  ROBINSON,  Senr.,  Merchant  of  the 
Staple,  by  his  will  gave  to  his  son  Arthur  a  tenement  in  the 
parish  of  St.  Olave,  near  the  Tower  of  London ;  and  his  will  is, 
"  that  for  ever  shall  be  paid  out  of  the  said  Capital  house,  to  the 
Parson  and  Churchwardens,  by  quarterly  payments,  61.  4*.,  which 


76  Robinson  and  Fenner  Gifts. 

they  shall  distribute  weekly  by  two  shillings,  every  Sunday 
morning  in  bread  to  the  poor  people  inhabiting  in  this  parish,,  with 
a  clause  for  distress  if  unpaid  after  the  space  of  forty  days."  .... 

The  premises  charged  with  this  payment,  consisting  of  a  house 
in  Crutched  Friars,  afterwards  became  the  property  of  the  Car- 
penters' Company.  They  are  now  held  by  the  East  India  Com- 
pany, who  have  taken  down  the  house  and  erected  on  the  site 
thereof  a  part  of  their  warehouses  in  that  street,  on  which  is 
placed  the  arms  of  the  Carpenters'  Company,  by  whom  the 
annuity  is  paid.* 

1603,  Sep.  29. — EDWARD  FENNER,  of  this  parish,  citizen  and 
carpenter,  by  his  Will  did  order  and  dispose  of  his  messuage  or 
tenement,  wherein  he  dwelt,  being  No.  40  Bishopsgate  Street,  in 
this  parish,  to  several  persons  for  their  respective  lives,  and  after 
their  decease,  the  reversion  thereof  to  the  minister  and  church- 
wardens of  this  parish  for  the  time  being ;  and  to  the  master  and 
wardens  of  the  Company  of  Carpenters  and  their  successors  for 
ever,  to  the  end  that  they,  within  four  years  after  that  they  shall 
be  possessed  thereof,  pay  his  next  heir  then  living  20^.,  he  requir- 
ing or  demanding  the  same,  and  to  be  paid  at  the  said  messuage 
by  quarterly  payments,  and  then  after  that  all  such  rents  after 
made  be  divided  in  two  equal  parts,  whereof  one  equal  half  part 
to  be  distributed  yearly  for  ever  to  the  poor  of  this  parish,  and  the 
other  equal  half  part  among  the  poor  of  the  said  Company  of 
Carpenters 

This  house  was  let  on  lease,  Sept.  12,  1671,  for  thirty-four 
years,  at  the  rent  of  ten  pounds  per  annum.  It  was  afterwards  let 
to  William  Poole,  sadler,  at  thirty  pounds  per  annum,  for  twenty- 
one  years  from  Lady- day,  1705,  the  first  year  at  a  peppercorn 
rent,  on  account  of  the  repairs.  This  lease  was  renewed  to  Mr. 
Poole  for  the  like  period  from  Lady-day,  1726,  at  the  same  rent, 
with  an  allowance  of  40£.  for  repairs. 

Oct.  2,  1777. — A  lease  was  granted  to  Mr.  H.  Ward  for 
twenty- one  years  from  Lady- day,  1779,  at  34£  per  annum,  the 
fir.st  year's  rent  being  allowed  on  his  undertaking  to  keep  the 
house  in  good  repair,  and  to  expend  80£  thereon  within  two  years. 
This  lease  was  delivered  up  at  Lady-day,  1793,  and  a  new  lease 


*  Commissioners'  Eeport  on  Public  Charities,  p.  322, 


Priors  Bequest.  11 

was  granted  to  H.  W.  Ward  for  the  term  of  forty  years,  at  34£ 
per  annum,  on  his  agreement  to  spend  25 01.  in  repairs,  the  parish 
allowing  him  the  first  year's  rent  in  part  thereof,  at  the  expiration 
of  which  period,  March  25,  1833,  a  new  lease  was  granted  to  Mr. 
Stone,  at  52£.  10$.  per  annum,  Mr.  Stone  putting  the  house  into 
complete  repair,  and  paying  all  taxes  and  insurances. 

1607,  March  11. — WILLIAM  PRIOR,  citizen  and  pewterer,  of 
London,  by  his  Testament  willed,  after  the  decease  of  his  wife, 
the  yearly  rent  of  his  house,  No.  27,  Bishopsgate  Street,  to  be 
paid  to  the  churchwardens  for  the  time  being,  and  to  be  by  them 
laid  out  yearly  for  ever,  viz.,  SI.  of  the  said  rent  to  be  bestowed 
on  sea-coals,  and  given  to  the  poor  of  this  parish,  and  also  for  two 
sermons  to  be  preached  yearly  for  ever,  viz.,  on  the  first  Thursday 
in  clean  Lent,  one  sermon,  and  the  other  on  the  day  of  his  burial 
(which  was  March  27,  1608),  for  which  sermons  he  gave  thirteen 
shillings  and  fourpence  out  of  the  said  rent ;  and  to  the  minister, 
churchwardens,  and  parishioners  for  the  time  being  2£.  yearly  for 
"  a  drinking/'  to  be  spent  on  the  day  the  said  first  sermon  shall  be 
preached ;  and  the  rest  of  the  said  yearly  rent  to  be  to  the  use  of 
the  poor  of  the  said  parish  ;  and  if  the  said  trust  is  not  executed 
in  the  manner  aforesaid,  the  messuage  to  go  to  St.  Ethelburga 
parish,  with  remainder  to  the  Pewterers'  Company 

The  house  was  let  on  lease,  June  4, 1697,  for  twenty-one  years 
from  Lady-day,  1699,  to  Mr.  Math.  Chewter,  at  301.  per  annum,  and 
a  present  fine  of  50^.,  with  agreement  not  to  let  it  to  a  tallow  chandler, 
a  cook,  a  victualler,  a  blacksmith,  or  a  baker ;  and  Mr.  Chewter 
paid  Mr.  Churchwarden  Woods  five  shillings  in  part  of  the  fifty 
pounds  fine,  which  he  acknowledged  the  receipt  of.  .... 

June  2, 1720, — A.  lease  was  granted  to  Mrs.  Ireson  for  twenty- 
one  years,  at  4<0l.  per  annum,  with  a  fine  of  sixty  pounds  ("  Mr. 
W.  Palmer,  a  parishioner,  had  offered  to  take  a  lease  for  fifty 
years,  at  45/.  per  annum,  and  fifty  pounds  fine,  but  retracted 
therefrom  and  eluded  the  vestry,  whereby  this  vestry  has  deemed 
him  injurious,  troublesome,  and  impertinent").  At  the  expiration 
of  the  above  period,  Midsummer,  1741,  a  lease  was  granted  to 
Mr.  Nathl.  Ware,  for  the  like  term  of  twenty-one  years,  at  the 
same  rent,  the  parish  allowing  one  year's  rent  for  repairs,  and 
Mr.  Ware  paid  one  shilling  to  the  churchwarden  to  bind  him  to 
his  agreement. 


78  Cicely  Cyott's  Will 

Lady-day,  1784. — The  same  house  was  let  on  lease  to  Mr. 
Thomas  Delafield  for  twenty-one  years,  at  421.  per  annum,  on  his 
expending  115£  in  repairs,  towards  which  the  parish  allowed  the 
first  year's  rent.  Anew  lease  was  granted,  October  27,  1803,  to 
Mr.  Whittenbury,  for  twenty- one  years,  at  42£.  per  annum.  The 
premises  were  then  taken  by  Mr.  Edward  Arman,  on  a  building 
lease,  for  sixty  years,  from  Lady-day,  1819,  at  the  rent  of  40£.  per 
annum,  and  a  further  charge  of  2>l.  16*.  per  annum  for  land-tax, 
which  was  redeemed  by  the  parish  in  the  year  1800,  at  an  expense 
of  126£.  16s.  Mr.  Arman  also  purchased  from  the  parish  the 
tithes  of  his  house  during  the  duration  of  his  lease  for  12/.  12s. 

1608,  Aug.  25. — CICELY  CYOLL,  Widow  of  German  Cyoll,  Mer- 
chant, "  considering  the  fickle  and  uncertain  state  and  condition 
of  this  present  lyfe,  and  having  observed  what  contentions  and 
controversies  doe  many  times  arise  amongst  deere  friends  for  the 
goods  and  possessions  of  such  as  leave  their  estates  undisposed, 
being  either  prevented  by  suddaine  death  or  by  protracting  tyme 
until  such  feebleness  and  debility  of  body  and  memory  overtake 
them,  that  they  cannot  set  any  certaine  course  or  order  therein,  I 
leave  my  body  to  be  buried  in  my  late  father's  vault  in  St.  Michael 
Bassishaw,  and  at  my  buriall  I  wish  a  sermon  to  be  preached  by 
my  loving  friend  Mr.  Ball,  preacher  at  St.  Hellens,  unto  whom  I 
leave  as  a  legacy  6/.  13s.  4^.  .  .  I  will  that  there  be  given  to 
fourscore  poor  women,  fourscore  gowns  of  the  value  of  II.  Qs.  Scl. 
apiece,  twenty  of  the  poor  women  to  be  of  the  parish  of  St. 
Hellens,  and  other  twenty  of  St.  Michael  Bassishaw,  and  the 
others  as  my  executors  shall  appoint.  And  to  every  of  the  said 
poor  women  twelve  pence  apiece.  And  for  a  dynner  for  the 
entertainment  of  my  kindred  and  friends  such  as  shall  resort  to 
my  buriall,  and  I  do  limit  the  sume  fifty  pounds  to  be  bestowed 
and  the  dinner  to  be  kept  in  my  dwelling  house  in  Bishopsgate 

Street 

"  I  will  and  ordain  and  do  give  and  dispose  the  sum 

of  One  Hundred  and  Twenty  pounds  to  be  bestowed  within 
convenient  time  after  my  decease  by  my  executors  upon  some 
convenient  purchase  of  lands,  tenements  or  hereditaments  within 
the  City  of  London  of  the  yearly  value  of  Six  pounds  at  the 
least  and  likely  to  hold  the  same  value  for  ever,  and  the  same 
purchase  so  found  to  be  assured  to  certain  ffeoffees  of  the  said 


Abraham  Chamlrelan  and  Sir  Martin  Lmnley.         79 

several  parishes  of  St.  Michael  Bassishaw  and  St.  Hellens.  And 
to  be  continued  in  assurance  to  the  said  parishes  for  ever  to  the 
end  that  the  Church  Wardens  of  the  said  several  Parishes  from 
time  to  time  for  ever,  shall  by  and  with  the  revenues  of  the  lands 
so  purchased,  distribute  weekly  for  ever  to  as  many  poor  widows 
or  sole  women  of  their  parishes  to  be  equally  chosen  by  a  like 
number  in  either  parish,  such  as  the  said  parishioners  shall  think 
meet  to  receive  the  same  benevolence  every  Sabbath  day  in  the 
morning  as  the  rent  or  revenues  of  the  said  purchase  shall  extend, 
to  give  to  every  of  them  two  pence  a  piece  in  white  bread." 

1612. FOUNTAIN  gave  IQl.  to  the  poor  of  this  parish. 

1614. — EDWARD  BRYERWOOD,  Reader  of  the  Astronomy  Lec- 
ture at  Gresham  College,  bequeathed  the  sum  of  10£  to  the  poor 
of  this  parish. 

1614. OLIVAR  gave  2/.  to  the  poor  of  this  parish. 

1630,  June  10. — ABRAHAM  CHAMBRELAN,  merchant,  in  con- 
sideration of  the  sum  of  60£.  paid  him  by  Sir  Henry  B-owe, 
executor  of  Mrs.  Cyoll,  with  the  consent  of  the  parishioners  of 
St.  Helen's,  granted  unto  the  said  parishioners  an  annuity  or  rent- 
charge  of  31.  per  annum  for  ever  on  two  messuages,  situate  in 
Great  St.  Helen's,  to  be  distributed  according  to  the  will  of 
Mrs.  Cyoll :  and  by  the  will  of  Mr.  Chambrelan,  dated  Decem- 
ber 15,  1 640,  he  bequeathed  100£,  to  remain  as  a  stock,  for  the 
use  of  the  poor  of  St.  Helen's  for  ever,  on  condition  that  the 
parish  will  allow  a  vault  to  be  made  in  the  Church  for  a  burial 
place  for  himself,  wife,  and  posterity  :  and  within  six  months  after 
his  decease  receive  and  take  in  the  above  sum  of  60£ 

The  said  sum  now  forms  part  of  the  parish  stock. 

163  J,  Sep.  1. — Sir  MARTIN  LUMLEY,  knight,  and  alderman  of 
London,  by  his  will,  gave  to  the  churchwardens  and  their  suc- 
cessors for  ever  one  annuity  or  rent-charge  of  20/.  issuing  out  of 
his  messuage  or  tenement  in  the  parish  of  St.  John  the  Evan- 
gelist, London,  called  the  Black  Boy,  at  two  payments — Christmas 
and  Lady-day  (?) — by  even  and  equal  portions,  upon  trust,  for 
the  establishing  a  lecture  or  sermon  for  ever,  to  be  preached  in 
this  Parish  Church  on  Tuesday  evenings  weekly,  from  Michaelmas 
to  Lady-day,  to  the  honour  and  glory  of  God  and  comfort  of  the 
auditors :  the  churchwardens  to  pay  the  same  to  a  godly  divine  for 
his  pains  in  preaching ;  the  said  sermon  or  lecture  to  begin  about 


80  The  Lumley  Lectureship. 

five  o'clock  in  the  evening  :  and  to  the  said  churchwardens  like- 
wise one  other  amount  or  rent-charge  of  M.  per  annum,  issuing 
out  of  the  said  messuage,  for  the  use  of  the  poor  householders  of 
this  parish  at  Christmas  and  Lady-day  by  even  and  equal  portions. 

The  heirs  and  successors  of  Sir  Martin  Lumley  were  to  have 
full  power  and  authority  for  ever  in  appointing  or  displacing  the 
said  minister.  No  claim  to  the  appointment  having  been  made 
by  the  heirs  for  many  years  past,  the  parishioners  in  vestry  have 
usually  appointed  the  vicar.  Attendance  was  always  given  on 
the  proper  days  at  three  o'clock,  instead  of  the  evening,  and  it  is 
said  that  if  a  congregation  of  three  persons  attended,  the  lecture 
would  be  preached.  It  must  be  stated,  however,  to  the  credit  of  the 
Rev.  Charles  Mackenzie,  the  vicar  from  1835  to  1847,  that  he  altered 
it  again  to  evening  service,  as  ordered  by  the  donor,  commencing 
at  half-past  six  o'clock,  and  continued  yearly  to  a  comparatively 
numerous  congregation,  during  the  whole  time  he  held  the  living. 

The  annuity  of  4£,  together  with  those  of  W.  Pennoyre  and 
Thomas  Hanson,  is  given  away  about  Christmas  to  poor  housekeepers 
not  receiving  parish  relief,  at  the  discretion  of  the  churchwardens. 

At  a  court  for  determination  of  differences  touching  houses 
destroyed  by  the  fire  of  London,  held  in  Clifford's  Inn  Hall, 
June  28,  1667 — on  the  petition  of  Rebecca  Garrett,  respecting 
the  tenement  left  by  Sir  Martin  Lumley,  known  by  the  sign 
of  the  Black  Boy  (afterwards  called  the  Bear  and  Ragged 
Staff)  in  Watling  Street,  charged  with  the  payment  of  24£.  per 
annum  to  the  Parish  of  St.  Helen's :  and  that  the  rebuilding  of 
the  said  tenement  will  cost  1500^,  the  parish  utterly  refusing  to 
contribute  thereto,  and  that  the  ground  as  it  lies  will  not  pay  the 
said  annuities,  the  churchwardens  being  summoned  to  appear  in 
court,  after  great  debate  touching  the  contribution — it  was  decreed  : 
That  the  petitioner  should  rebuild  the  said  tenement  with  all  con- 
venient speed,  and  that  the  payment  of  the  4/.  shall  cease  until 
Christmas,  1668,  and  that  the  payment  of  the  annuity  of  20/.  per 
annum  be  forborne  and  cease  for  thirteen  years  from  Michaelmas, 
1668 ;  and  all  arrears  from  the  time  of  the  fire  are  hereby 
acquitted;  and  after  the  expiration  of  the  said  thirteen  years, 
the  payment  of  the  said  annuity  of  201.  to  revive  and  continue 
to  be  paid,  and  the  payment  of  the  said  annuity  of  4>l.  to  continue 
without  ceasing  when  the  messuage  shall  be  rebuilt. 


Robinson  and  Fenner  Gifts.  81 

]633. MEYNON  left  10£.  to  the  poor. 

MASTERS  left  10£  to  the  poor. 

ITEM. — There  is  a  payment  of  31.  per  annum  unto  the  vicar 
of  this  parish,  issuing  out  of  a  messuage  some  time  in  the  occupa- 
tion-of  Charles  Perkins.  This  is  said  to  have  been  anciently 
the  Vicarage  House,  and  of  late  was  claimed  by  the  Skinners' 
Company. 

1633,  Oct.  14. — WILLIAM  ROBINSON,  late  of  this  parish,  citizen 
and  mercer,  by  his  deed  enrolled  in  Chancery,  charged  a  messuage 
or  tenement,  and  two  yard  lands,  and  a  quarter  of  a  yard  land  in 
Staverton-upon-the-Hill,  in  Northamptonshire,  and  all  his  lands 
there,  with  one  annuity  of  21.  12s.  after  his  decease,  for  ever  to  be 
paid  to  the  churchwardens  and  overseers  of  the  poor  of  this  parish 
at  Lady- day,  to  be  distributed  among  the  poor  pensioners  of  this 
parish,  by  12^?.  per  week,  in  good  sweet  wheaten  bread  every 
Sabbath-day  after  morning  sermon  or  dinner  service  in  the  said 
Church.  The  property,  thus  charged,  now  belongs  to  the  Manor  of 
Staverton ;  the  annuity  is  regularly  paid  at  the  Banking-house  of 
Messrs.  Glyn  and  Company,  and  forms  part  of  the  fund  for  the 
distribution  of  bread  on  Sundays. 

1635,  Feb.  8. — THOMAS  FENNER,  citizen  of  London,  by  his  will, 
gave  all  his  messuage  and  tenement  in  this  parish,  after  the  decease 
of  his  wife  and  brother,  unto  the  parson  and  churchwardens  of  this 
parish,  upon  trust  that  they  shall,  "out  of  the  rent  and  profit  thereof, 
yearly  distribute,  among  seven  poor  women  of  this  parish  in  most 
want,  11.,  and  shall  cause  one  sermon  yearly  to  be  preached  in  this 
church  on  the  day  of  his  burial  (March  2,  1635,)  by  some  godly 
preacher,  and  shall  give  to  him  for  his  pains  for  every  sermon  ten 
shillings,  and  that  the  churchwardens  may  take  other  ten  shillings 
yearly  for  their  travell  and  paines  taken  in  and  about  the  premises ; 
and  all  the  rest  of  the  rents  and  profits  shall  be  to  the  use  of  the 
poor  of  the  said  parish." 

The  house  devised  by  the  above  will  was  let  on  a  building  lease, 
June  1,  1687,  to  Thomas  Kirkes,  for  25  years  at  SI.  per  annum, 
and  on  May  7,  1 689,  a  further  term  of  25  years  was  added  to  the 
lease.  At  the  expiration  of  that  period,  March  25,  1739,  a  new 
lease  was  granted  to  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Kirk  for  21  years,  to  pay 
10  guineas  fine,  12/.  per  annum  rent,  clear  of  all  taxes,  and  to  lay 
out  60^.  in  repairs. 

G 


82  Joyce  Featly. 

In  1760  a  surveyor  being  engaged  to  value  certain  premises  in 
order  to  an  exchange  between  the  parish  and  Mr.  Eyre,  reported  that 
Mr.  Eyre  should  have  all  the  premises  over  and  against  the  gate- 
way leading  into  Great  St.  Helen's,  the  parish  taking  the  premises 
on  the  north-side,  No.  38,  Bishopsgate  Street,  and  paying  him  the 

sum  of  20£.  10s Advertisements  having  been  inserted  in 

the  daily  papers  to  let  the  premises  exchanged  with  Mr.  Eyre,  on  a 
building  lease,  several  proposals  were  received,  and  on  August  27, 
1761,  a  lease  was  granted  to  James  Stone  for  61  years  at  a  yearly 
rent  of  twelve  guineas,  Mr.  Stone  also  agreeing  to  give  five  guineas 

for  the  use  of  the  poor In  1805  an  additional  term  of 

seven  years  was  added  to  this  lease,  then  in  the  possession  of  Mr. 
Greenaway,  at  the  same  rent,  in  consideration  of  his  long  residence 
and  services  as  churchwarden  and  continual  overseer.  The 
additional  term  was  afterwards  surrendered  to  the  vestry,  and  they 
resolved  to  grant  him  a  new  lease  for  21  years  from  the  expiration 
of  the  original  term,  at  the  rent  of  60/.  per  annum,  the  tenant 

paying  the  land-tax  and  insuring  the  premises The  new 

lease  bore  date  June  24,  1822. 

1636,  April  20. — JOYCE  FEATLY,*  by  her  will,  did  "  appoint  that, 
after  the  death  of  her  husband,  Dr.  Daniel  Featly  and  herself, 
yearly  to  be  paid  out  of  the  rents  and  profits  of  a  messuage  in  the 
parish  of  Lambeth  in  Surrey  (being  copyhold  of  the  Manor  of 


*  "  Commission  Issued  21  FeV  23d  Chas.  1st. 

"  Executed  5th  Dec.  follg. 

"  found  that  Dan1  Featley  and  Joyce  his  wife  both  Decd  were  thentofore 
seized  in  Fee  in  right  of  sd  Joyce  accord*  to  the  Custom  of  the  Manor  of 
Kennington  in  Co.  of  Surrey  of  one  Messu.  and  Garden  with  the  appurts. 
sit.  in  Lambeth,  of  the  Yearly  Yalue  of  £20. 

"That  sd  Dan1  and  Joyce  in  or  ab*  Apl.  in  the  12th  year  of  his  sd 
Majesty's  Eeign  according  to  the  Custom  of  the  Manor  Surrender  the 
Premes.  as  herein  mentd. 

"  That  sd  Joyce  with  consent  of  her  Husband,  by  a  writing  Dated  the 
20  day  of  Ap1  in  the  12th  year  of  his  sd  Majesty's  Reign,  did  limit  and 
appoint  that  after  the  Death  of  herself  and  Husband  the  use  of  the  sd 
surrender  of  the  Premises  shod  be  to  the  use  of  Wm  Kerwin  her  nephew 
and  his  Heirs  upon  Trust  as  therein  mend.  That  the  sd  Joyce  shortly  after 
mak*  sd  writ*  Died  and  was  Buried  in  St.  Helen's  Church  on  the  3d  Oct., 
1637.  That  the  sd  Dan1  her  husband  her  survived,  and  enjoyed  the  Premis. 
That  sd  Dan1  Died  on  or  ab*  21  Ap1 1645,  and  that  Andrew  Kerwan  Pretended 
Title  to  the  Premises." 


Daniel  Williams.  83 

Kemringtbn),  for  ever  4£  per  annum  to  be  paid  to  the  vicar  and 
churchwardens  of  this  parish  by  quarterly  payments  upon  trust  to 
distribute  ~LZd.  thereof  weekly  every  Sunday  in  bread,  and  20,?. 
thereof  yearly  to  the  minister  to  preach  on  the  day  of  her  burial 
(which  was  October  3,  1637),  and  in  default  of  such  sermon  the 
said  20s.  to  go  to  the  poor  of  the  parish,  and  6s.  per  annum  to  be 
bestowed  in  repairing  her  father's  tomb  (KERWIN'S)  and  the 
other  2*.  yearly  to  the  sexton  for  keeping  the  same  tomb  clean. 
Upon  the  death  of  Dr.  "Featly,  April  21,  1645,  the  heirs  of  the 
said  Joyce  refusing  to  pay  the  said  annuity,  the  vicar  and  church- 
wardens sued  out  an  inquisition  upon  the  statute  for  charitable 
uses,  and  in  December,  1648,  obtained  a  decree  for  the  payment, 
but  the  Manor  of  Kennington  being  vested  in  the  Crown,  and  in 
consequence  of  the  change  of  Government  and  confusion  in  those 
times,  the  said  decree  was  never  put  in  execution  or  revived  until 
the  year  1702,  when  the  vicar  and  churchwardens  sued  out  a  writ 
of  Scire  Facias  to  revive  the  said  decree ;  to  which  one  Nicholas 
Lampon  and  others  in  possession  of  the  premises  put  in  exceptions, 
and  the  cause  being  heard  before  the  Lord  Keeper,  November  1 3, 
1703,  his  lordship  ordered  payment  of  the  said  annuity  from 
Michaelmas  1703,  with  a  remittance  of  all  arrears  by  consent  and 
each  party  paying  their  own  costs ;  which  order  was  made  a  final 
decree  of  the  Court  of  Chancery  and  enrolled  in  the  Petty  Bag 
Office,  March,  1703-4.  The  money  spent  in  this  suit  for  the 
recovery  of  this  annuity  was  70£.  2*.  %d.  The  premises  thus 
charged,  consist  of  three  houses  in  Kennington  Lane,  and  belong 
respectively  to — 

Mr.  Slade,  of  Doctors'  Commons,  who  pays    ..£207 
Mr.  Cook,  of  Water  Lane,  Tower  Street     ...       132 
And  Mr.  Hunter,  of  St.  Martin's  Lane       ...       0  16     3 
as  their  respective  portions  of  this  annuity/' 

1636. — Sir  JULIUS  C.ESAR  left  the  sum  of  5£.  for  the  use  of 
the  poor. 

1636,  Dec.  16. — DANIEL  WILLIAMS,  merchant,  bequeathed  50£ 
to  be  distributed  amongst  such  poor  housekeepers,  whose  wants 
make  them  labour  hard  to  get  a  poor  living,  inhabitants  of  the 
parish  of  St.  Stephen,  Coleman  Street,  where  he  was  born ;  St. 
Peter  the  Poor,  where  he  was  apprenticed ;  St.  Andrew  Under- 
shaft  and  St.  Helen,  as  his  executors,  in  their  discretion  shall,  by 

G  2 


84  Bond,  Langham,  and  Tryon. 

advice  and  information  of  the  churchwardens  of  the  said  parishes, 
think  tit  to  distribute  the  same.  And  a  further  sum  of  200£.  to  be 
laid  out  in  lands,  one  half  thereof  for  the  benefit  of  the  poor  of  the 
parish  of  St.  Stephen,  Coleman  Street,  and  the  other  half  to  the 
use  of  the  poor  of  St.  Helen's  and  St.  Andrew  Undershaft  to  be 
equally  divided  between  them. 

1643. — Captain  MARTIN  BOND  bequeathed  the  sum  of  25£.  to 
the  poor. 

1646,  April  21. — THOMAS  HUTCHINS,  Merchant  Taylor,  by  his 
will  directs  "  that  the  sum  of  50£.  shall  be  paid  by  my  executors 
to  the  churchwardens  of  the  parish  of  St.  Helen's  where  I 
now  dwell,  to  the  intent,  and  upon  trust  and  confidence  that 
they  with  the  other  parishioners  shall  make  such  provision 
and  assurance  that  fifteen  penny  loaves  of  wheaten  bread  shall 
be  weekly  for  ever  given  and  distributed  amongst  the  poor 
of  the  said  parish,  whereof  the  almsfolk  there  to  be  first  pre- 
ferred." 

1647.— THOMAS  ATJDLEY  left  30£.  to  the  poor. 

1649. — JOHN  EYLES  left  20£.  to  buy  coals  for  the  poor. 

1649. — Alderman  LANGHAM  gave  61.  to  be  given  in  bread  to 
the  poor. 

1652,  Sep.  14. — MOSES  TRYON  bequeathed  to  this  parish  the 
sum  of  100£.  to  remain  as  a  stock  for  the  said  parish  for  ever ;  the 
benefit  and  increase  thereof  arising,  to  be  disposed  of  for  the  benefit 
of  the  poor  of  the  said  parish  for  ever,  or  otherwise  as  the  church- 
wardens and  vestry  should  think  fit,  in  confidence  that  they  and 
their  successors  would  for  ever  thereafter  observe  and  perform  the 
grants  and  agreements  contained  in  an  order  of  vestry,  October 
25,  1643,  touching  a  burial  place  in  the  said  Church,  thereby 
granted  to  him,  his  heirs  and  posterity  for  ever ;  and  if  at  any 
time  hereafter  the  said  vestry  should  infringe  the  said  order,  then 
the  same  legacy  to  be  given  to  the  parish  of  St.  Nicholas  Aeons  in 
London  for  the  benefit  of  the  poor  of  that  parish. 

1654. — Mrs.  CHAMBERLAIN  gave  10£.  to  the  poor. 

1656.— Mr.  GILES  left  20£.  to  buy  coals  for  the  poor. 

1656,  March  23. — ADAM  LAWRENCE  bequeathed  "  to  the  relief  of 
the  poor  of  the  parish  of  St.  Hellens  the  sum  of  10/.,  to  be  distri- 
buted amongst  the  said  poor  by  and  at  the  discretion  of  my 
executor,  with  the  advice  of  the  minister  and  churchwardens.  I 


Sundry  Bequests.  85 

give  to  Mr.  Barham,  minister  of  St.  Hellens,  the  sum  of  10 1.  I 
give  to  my  executor  the  sum  of  100^.,  to  be  layd  out  by  him  to  and 
for  such  charitable  use  as  he  shall  like  and  approve,  either  for  the 
encouragment  of  the  minister,  or  relief  of  the  poor  of  that  parish, 
or  both,  having  consulted  with  the  vestry  of  the  parishioners  on 
that  behalf."  His  nephew,  Sir  John  Lawrence,  sole  executor,  by  an 
indenture  dated  May  16,  1684,  obliged  himself,  his  heirs,  &c.,  to 
pay  the  said  legacy  of  100/.,  and  the  sum  of  150£.  due  for  interest 
thereof,  and  also  to  pay  100£  more  for  leave  to  make  a  vault  in  the 
parish  church  for  the  use  of  himself  and  his  family.  The  said  Sir 
John  Lawrence  did  by  the  same  indenture,  therefore  grant  to 
several  persons  and  their  heirs  forever,  in  trust  for  the  Parish,  one 
annuity  or  rent  charge  of  20£  per  annum,  to  be  issuing  out  of  a 
messuage  or  tenement  in  this  parish,  late  in  the  occupation  of 
John  Seagre,  with  a  clause  for  distress,  redeemable  upon  the  pay- 
ment of  350/. 

This  annuity  was  redeemed  by  Mrs.  Dorothy  Lawrence,  April 
29,  1736,  for  the  said  sum  of  350£.  Of  this  sum  150£.  was  bor- 
rowed by  the  Parish,  June  7,  1744,  for  the  finishing  of  the  work- 
house, and  the  remainder  was  invested,  and  now  forms  part  of  the 
parish  stock. 

1658.— H.  HILL  gave  20J.  to  the  poor. 
„  —  WILDS  gave  Zl.  to  the  poor. 
„  —  BYARD  left  5£.  to  the  poor. 

1670,  May  25. — WILLIAM  PENNOYER  bequeathed  the  sum  of 
100£  to  be  paid  into  the  hands  of  the  overseers  of  the  poor  for  the 
parish  of  Great  St.  Helen's,  to  be  by  them  put  out  and  invested  in 
good  security  for  the  relief  of  three  poor  housekeepers  there  forever 

1670,  November  1. — JOHN  LANGHAM. — "I  give  and  bequeath 
for  the  use  of  the  poore  of  St.  Hellenes,  London,  the  sum 
of  100/.,  to  be  kept  in  my  executors'  hands,  to  be  by  them, 
the  ministers  and  churchwardens  of  the  same  parish  for  the 
time  being,  distributed  to  twenty  of  the  poorest  ffamilyes  or 
widdowes  of  the  same  parish,  of  the  best  name  and  ffame,  by  20*. 
a-piece,  every  St.  Thomas's  day,  for  the  next  five  years  after  my 
decease." 

1672,  June  4.— WILLIAM  FINCH  bequeathed  50/.  towards  build- 
ing a  new  steeple. 

1673,  July  25. — HENRY  WHITTINGHAM,  by  his  will:  "I  give 


86         .  Mary  Claplianis  Will. 

and  bequeath  unto  the  poor  of  the  parish  of  St.  Hellens,  where  I 
do  dwell,  and  have  long  lived,  the  sum  of  25£." 

1682,  May  23. — DIANA  ASTREY,  of  this  parish,  widow,  did  by 
her  will  give  10$.  yearly,  to  the  world's  end,  to  the  minister  of  this 
parish,  for  better  encouragement  to  preach  ;  and  to  the  clerk  2s.  6 d. 
yearly  to  the  world's  end,  to  be  paid  yearly  in  the  month  of  Novem- 
ber, to  be  an  example  for  others  to  do  the  like. 

1683. — Sir  THOMAS  VINER  left  101.  to  the  poor. 

1687. — Mrs.  TRYON  left  10£.  to  the  poor. 

1692. — Mrs.  PAIGE  left  20/.  to  the  use'  of  this  parish. 

1702. — ABRAHAM  CHITTY  left  5£.  to  the  poor. 

1702. SPURSTOW  left  5£.  to  the  poor. 

1704,  April  13.  — Alderman  WOOLFE  gave  a  carpet  and  cushions 
for  the  use  of  the  communion  table. 

1705,  May  13. — GERVASH  KERESBY  left  10£.  to  the  poor. 
1707. — Mrs.  PRIDEATJX  gave  vallens  of  crimson  velvet,  with  a 

large  gold  fringe  thereto,  as  an  addition  to  the  cushion  provided 
for  the  pulpit. 

1711. FOOTE  left  20£.  to  the  poor. 

1718. — JOHN  WRIGHT  gave  5£.  to  the  poor. 

1719. — GEORGE  BODDINGTON  left  10£.  to  the  poor. 

1720,  June  18. — ISAAC  BERKLEY,  late  of  Calcutta,  did  by  his 
will  give  to  this  parish  the  sum  of  4000  rupees,  the  produce 
thereof,  amounting  to  500£,  was  remitted  to  this  country  by  the 
East  India  Company,  and  received  by  the  parish  July  25,  1723. 
It  was  then  ordered  to  be  laid  out  in  South  Sea  Stock.  A  Bill  in 
Chancery  was  filed  by  the  minister  against  the  churchwardens, 
relating  to  the  disposal  thereof,  to  which  an  answer  being  made, 
and  a  decree  by  the  Master  of  the  Rolls,  it  was  resolved,  June  10, 
1725,  that  the  said  stock  shall  be  laid  out  in  the  erection  of  an 
organ  in  the  Church. 

1735,  December  18. — MARY  CLAPHAM  by  her  will  gave  to  the 
ministers  and  churchwardens  of  the  parish  of  St.  Helen's  the  sum 
of  100£,  to  be  by  them  laid  out  in  the  purchase  of  freehold  lands, 
or  in  some  of  the  public  stocks  or  securities,  and  directed  that  out 
of  the  clear  annual  rents  and  profits  arising  thereby,  her  late 
father's  (Joseph  Sem)  monument  should  be  repaired  as  occasion 
should  require,  and  that  the  residue  of  such  rents  and  profits 
should,  yearly  upon  Christmas  Eve,  be  distributed  amongst  the 


Baker,  Roe,  and  Dingley  Bequests.  87 

poor  of  the  said  parish,  in  such  proportions  as  the  minister  and 
churchwardens  shall  think  fit. 

By  order  of  Vestry,  April  29, 1736,  the  above  sum  was  invested  in 
the  Three  per  cent,  annuities,  and  on  April  20, 1737,  it  was  ordered 
to  be  sold  out  to  pay  off  the  sum  of  100^.,  which  had  been  borrowed 
for  the  use  of  the  parish  at  4£  per  cent,  the  Vestry  agreeing  to 
indemnify  the  minister  and  churchwardens,  for  the  time  being, 
touching  the  several  uses  for  which  the  said  legacy  was  left  to  the 
parish. 

1736.— JOHN  BAKER  left  10J.  to  the  poor. 

1742.     Dec.  15. ROE,  by  his  will  produced  at  a  vestry, 

"  Gave  to  the  parish  of  St.  Helen  towards  purchasing  a  Parsonage 
house  in  the  said  parish  for  the  Minister  to  reside  in  constantly 
and  not  for  him  to  make  any  advantage  of  by  letting  it  out  to 
another,  but  for  his  own  proper  habitation  and  place  of  abode 
that  he  may  be  ready  at  hand  on  occasion,  and  provided  a  Parson- 
age house  be  purchased  in  the  said  parish  and  inhabited  by  the 
Minister  within  the  space  of  three  years  after  my  decease  :  on  this 
condition  I  give  to  the  said  parish  of  St.  Helen  100£.  to  be  paid 
to  the  Churchwardens  then  being  :  and  in  case  a  parsonage  house 
should  be  purchased  in  the  said  parish  and  constantly  inhabited 
by  the  Minister  before  my  decease — then  this  100£.  shall  be 
towards  keeping  the  said  house  in  repair,  but  if  a  Parsonage  house 
be  not  so  purchased  and  so  occupied  before  my  decease,  nor  within 
the  space  of  three  years  after  as  aforesaid,  Then  I  will,  that  this 
100£.  shall  go  to  the  Incorporated  Society  for  propagating  the 
Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts/7 

1748.  Mar.  28. — ROBERT  DINGLEY  having  previously  informed 
the  parish  that  his  mother  had  died  intestate,  and  knowing  that  it 
was  her  intention  that  something  should  be  given  for  the  benefit 
of  the  poor,  presented  Thirty  Pounds,  on  condition  that  the  follow- 
ing entry  should  be  made  on  the  Table  of  Donations :  "  Mrs. 
Susannah  Dingley  gave  30/.  to  this  parish,  that  two  shillings  be 
distributed  in  Bread  every  first  Sunday  in  the  month  for  ever  to 
twelve  poor  parishioners  who  are  most  constant  at  the  sacrament 
over  and  above  their  usual  allowance." 

1749. GRIGMAN  left  20£  to  the  poor. 

1768.  April  30. — THOMAS  HANSON  bequeathed  to  the  Minister 
and  Churchwardens  of  this  parish  for  the  time  being  and  their 


88  Christ's  Hospital. 

successors  the  sum  of  500£,  upon  trust  to  invest  the  same  in  the 
public  stock  or  funds  of  this  kingdom,  and  pay  and  apply  the 
interest  thereof,  unto  and  among  such  indigent  and  industrious 
inhabitants  and  parishioners  (if  any  such  there  be)  of  the  said 
parish  who  shall  not  receive  alms  therefrom. 

1776. — JOHN  SMITH,  of  Great  St.  Helen's,  by  deed,  dated 
Sept.  25,  1776,  transferred  to  the  governors  of  Christ's  Hospital 
the  sum  of  2500^.  Three  per  Cent.  South  Sea  Annuities  on  con- 
dition that  they  should  pay  to  his  nephew,  "William  Webber,  of 
Fursley,  in  the  county  of  Devon,  aged  43  years,  an  annuity  of 
10(R  during  his  life,  and  after  his  decease  that  they  should  from 
time  to  time  for  ever,  maintain  and  educate  in  the  said  hospital 
two  children  of  persons  who  shall  be  inhabitants  of  this  parish,  to 
be  chosen  by  a  majority  of  the  vestry  of  the  said  parish,  and  on 
the  death  or  discharge  or  other  removal  of  every  such  child  or 
children,  within  three  months  to  receive  and  admit  other  or  others, 
in  his,  her,  or  their  room.  Provided  that  the  parent  or  parents  of 
such  child  or  children  so  to  be  maintained  and  educated,  shall 
have  been  an  inhabitant  or  inhabitants  of  the  said  parish  one 
whole  year  next  immediately  before  such  choice  shall  be  made, 
and  every  child  so  to  be  chosen  shall  be  upwards  of  seven  years  of 
age,  born  in  lawful  wedlock,  of  honest  and  reputable  parents. 
And  the  Minister  and  Churchwardens  shall  comply  with  and  be 
subject  to  the  forms  generally  in  use  for  the  admission  of  children 
into  the  said  hospital. 

The  following  records  of  Mr.  John  Smith's  benevolence  also 
appear  in  the  parish  books : — 

Sept.  27,  1770. — The  thanks  of  the  vestry  were  given  to  John 
Smith,  Esq.  for  the  service  he  has  done  this  parish  in  getting 
several  children  into  Christ's  Hospital. 

May  29,  1777. — The  thanks  of  this  vestry  were  given  to  John 
Smith,  Esq.  for  having  had  painted  at  his  own  expense  the  doors 
and  doorcases  of  the  church,  and  also  the  iron  rails  round  the 
church  yard. 

April  23,  1778. — The  thanks  of  the  vestry  were  given  to  John 
Smith,  Esq.  for  having  promised  to  get  Charles  Oxtoby,  a  poor 
boy  belonging  to  this  parish,  into  Christ's  Hospital,  and  for  having 
given  the  churchwardens  five  guineas  to  divide  among  the  poor  pen- 
sioners. 


The  latest  Bequest. 


89 


August  27,  1778. — The  thanks  of  the  vestry  were  given  to 
John  Smith,  Esq.  for  having  presented  the  parish  with  a  large 
folio  bible  and  also  a  silver  cup  and  cover. 

June  15,  1780. — The  thanks  of  the  vestry  were  given  to  John 
Smith,  Esq.,  for  having  presented  the  parish  with  three  new 
bells  and  the  hanging  thereof  in  the  steeple  of  this  parish 
church. 

Feb.  12,  1784. — John  Smith,  Esq.,  having  by  his  will  left  the 
sum  of  20£  to  be  distributed  amongst  the  most  necessitous  poor 
inhabitants  of  this  parish  at  the  discretion  of  a  vestry  to  be  called 
for  that  purpose,  it  was  this  day  distributed  accordingly. 

1823.  March  6. — THOMAS  TRUNDLE,  of  Crosby  Square,  late 
vestry  clerk,  bequeathed  to  this  parish  the  sum  of  25£.  Three  per 
Cent.  Consols  in  trust  to  pay  the  annual  interest  thereof  to  the 
poor  women  belonging  to  the  parish  that  usually  attend  Divine 
service  on  a  Sunday  in  the  said  church,  and  to  receive  bread 
and  other  gifts  in  manner  following : — One  moiety  thereof  on 
Sunday  next  after  Christmas  Day,  and  the  other  moiety  on  the 
first  Sunday  after  Whit  Sunday  in  every  year. 


90 


CHAPTER  VI. 

REGISTERS. 

THE  parish  registers  of  St.  Helen's  unfortunately  do  not  commence 
at  the  earliest  date  of  those  records.  The  volume,  or  volumes, 
containing  the  entries  for  1538,  when  they  were  first  ordered, 
down  to  1575,  is,  or  are,  hopelessly  lost.  Those  in  existence, 
however,  have  a  respectable  antiquity,  as  they  embrace  the  per- 
sonal annals  of  the  parish  during  the  last  three  hundred  years. 
The  volumes  now  remaining  are  in  good  condition,  and,  in  some 
instances,  the  original  rough  drafts  have  been  preserved,  which 
sometimes  furnish  more  particulars  than  are  given  in  the  official 
copy.  They  should  both  be  consulted  when  any  inquiry  is  made 
within  their  period. 

As  St.  Helen's  appears  to  have  been  the  most  aristocratic 
parish  of  Old  London — St.  Olave,  Hart  Street,  probably  ranking 
next — it  follows  that  the  registers  are  full  of  entries  respecting  the 
early  history  of  families  that  have  since  become  connected  with 
the  nobility  and  gentry  of  the  country,  and,  in  many  instances, 
been  ennobled  themselves.  The  names  of  many  historical  person- 
ages will  be  found  among  them,  and  altogether,  according  to  the 
testimony  of  a  gentleman,*  who  has  had  great  experience  among 
parish  registers,  they  are  perhaps  as  interesting  a  series  as  will  be 
found  in  any  parish  in  the  kingdom.  The  church  appears  always 
to  have  been  a  popular  one  for  marriages,  before  the  existence  of 
Lord  Hardwicke's  Act,  and  down  to  1754,  numerous  entries  will 
be  found  of  parties  from  places  most  remote,  whose  names  do  not, 
perhaps,  again  appear  in  the  registers.  The  baptisms  are  also 


*  Col.  Joseph  L.  Chester,  an  American  antiquary  and  archaeologist,  who 
has  collected  and  arranged  the  immense  stores  of  Kegisters,  MSS.,  &c.  of 
Westminster  Abbey,  the  value  of  which  work  may  be  inferred  by  its  being 
printed  by  the  Harleian  Society. 


Marriages.  91 

extremely  interesting,  and  the  records  of  burials  within  the  church, 
for  a  long  period  before  the  registers  commence,  and  a  consider- 
able time  afterwards,  afford  abundant  data  for  the  genealogist, 
biographer,  and  historian. 

It  is  somewhat  difficult,  therefore,  to  make  such  a  selection  of 
entries  from  the  registers  as  will  furnish  an  adequate  idea  of  their 
character,  which  could  only  be  accomplished  by  printing  them  in 
full ;  but  the  following,  taken  almost  at  random,  may  be  regarded 

as  fair  examples  : — 

Marriages. 

1575,  April  17. — John  Pitway  and  Anne  Bindle.  [The  first  marriage  in  the 
earliest  volume.] 

1596-7,  Jan.  10. — Michael  Stanhope  and  Ann  Eeade.  [He  was  of  the  family 
of  the  Earls  of  Chesterfield.  She  is  usually  called  Elizabeth  in 
the  peerages.] 

1600,  April  7. — Sir  Anthony  Cope,  Kt.,  and  the  Lady  Anne  L'E strange. 

1604,  Nov.  20.— Sir  Eobert  Bosville,  Kt.,  and  Elizabeth  Pelishall,  mayd. 

1606,  July  12.— Sir  George  Snellinge,  Kt.,  and  Cicily  Sherly. 

1608,  May  3. — John  Howland,  of  Gray's  Inn,  Esq.,  son  of  Sir  Giles  How- 
land,  of  Streatham,  in  Surrey,  Kt.,  and  Cislye  Suzan,  of  this 
parish. 

1608-9,  Feb.  last.— Charles  Somerset,  Esq.,  son  of  the  Eight  Hon.  Edward, 
Earl  of  Worcester,  and  Elizabeth  Powell,  maiden,  daughter  of  Sir 
William  Powell,  of  Monmouth,  in  Wales,  Knight,  were  married  at 
Worcester  House,  in  the  Strand,  by  virtue  of  a  special  dispensa- 
tion under  the  hand  of  my  Lord  of  Canterbury,  and  by  a  licence 
from  the  Faculties,  dated  February  25th.  [This  entry  occurs 
among  the  burials  in  the  original  register,  or  rough  draft,  only, 
and  has  lines  drawn  across  it,  but  is  probably  the  only  record 
existing  of  the  marriage.] 

1610,  April  10. — Thomas  Coventry,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  Esq.,  and  Elizabeth 
Pitchford,  of  this  parish,  widow,  late  wife  of  William  Pitchford, 
apothecary,  deceased.  [This  was  the  second  marriage  of  the  cele- 
brated Lord-Keeper  Coventry,  created  Lord  Coventry  in  1628.] 

1617,  July  21. — Thomas  Ascough,  of  Gray's  Inn,  Esq.,  and  Anne  Sterne, 
of  Maulton,  co.  Cambridge,  widow,  late  wife  of  Robert  Sterne, 
Gent.,  deceased. 

1619,  April  22.— Felix  Tindal,  of  Queen's  College,  Cambridge,  Clerk,  and 
Suzan  Bradshawe,  of  St.  Stephen's,  Coleman  Street,  late  wife  of 
Obadiah  Bradshawe,  Clerk,  deceased. 

1624,  June  17. — Eichard  Leigh,  of  Acton  Burnell,  in  Shropshire,  Gent.,  and 
Elizabeth  Allen,  daughter  of  Mr.  Edward  Allen,  Alderman  of 
London. 

1629,  Nov.  23.— Eichard  Prowze,  of  the  City  of  Exeter,  Gent.,  and  Frances 
Carewe,  of  Huntingdon,  co.  Essex,  widow. 

1635,  Sep.  3.— Phillipp  De  Goltes,  Gent.,  and  Hellen  Bootes,  "virgo 
Hagensis,"  by  a  certificate  from  the  Dutch  congregation. 


92  Marriages  continued. 

1644,  Dec.  26. — John  Cudden,  of  Westminster,  widower,  and  Dame  Lady 

Catherine  Essex. 
1647,  Oct.  6. — Sir  Arthur  Ingram,  Kt.,   and  Dame  Catherine  Boynton, 

widow. 
1648-9,  March  13.—  Philip  Boteler,  Esq.,  son  and  heir  of  John  Boteler,  of 

"Woodhall,  Herts,   Kt.  of  the  Bath,  and  Elizabeth  Langham, 

daughter  to  John  Langham,  Esq.,  Alderman  of  London  :  there 

being  present  the  said  Sir  John  Boteler  and  Alderman  Langham, 

together  with  about  forty  more  of  their  friends  as  witnesses. 
1552-3,  Jan.  20. — George  Smithson,  of  Kipling,  co.  York,  Esq.,  and  Ellinor 

Fairfax,  daughter  of  Charles  Fairfax,  of  Menston,  in  the  same 

county,  Esq. 

1660-1,  Feb.  21. — Sir  Thomas  Hussey,  Kt.  and  Bart.,  of  Honington,  co.  Lin- 
coln, and  Dame  Sarah  Langham,  of  this  parish  :  married -by  Dr. 

Sanderson,  Bishop  of  Lincoln. 
1670,  July  7. — Henry  Booth,  eldest  son  to  the  Lord  Dalamore,  of  Cheshire, 

and  Mrs.  Mary  Langham,  of  this  parish,  spinster. 
1675,  Dec.  4. — William  Morgan  of  Tredegar,  co.  Monmouth,  Esq.,   and 

Elizabeth  the  Lady  Darrell. 
1683,  Sep.  18. — Joseph  Haskinstells,  of  Amsterdam,  merchant,  and  Sarah 

Eyles,  of  this  parish. 
1693,  June  8. — Thomas  Warr  and  Dorothy  Iregonwell,  both  of  St.  Margaret's, 

Westminster. 
1703,  Aug.  20.— Francis   Gastrell,  Dr.  of  Divinity,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  and 

Elizabeth  Mapletoff,  of  Greenwich,  Kent. 
]  706,  Aug.  15. — Thomas  Turner,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  Gent.,  and  Dame  Mary 

Stoughton,  alias  Payler,  of  St.  Giles'  in  the  Fields. 
1714,  Oct.  18.— Martin  Folkes,  of  Nafferton,  Yorkshire,  Gent.,  and  Lucretia 

Bradshawe,  of  St.  Andrew's,  Holborn. 
1727,  Aug.  13.— The  Honourable  Charles  Compton,  Esq.,  and  Mrs.  Mary 

Lucy. 
1738,  April  27. — Thomas  Foxley,  M.A.,  Eector  of  Great  Eollright,  co.  Oxon, 

bachelor,  and  Elizabeth  Eawdon,  of  Stratford  Bow,  co.  Middlesex, 

spinster. 
1749,  Aug.  3. — Thomas  Croft,  Esq.,  bachelor,  and  Lucy  Thompson,  spinster, 

both  of  this  parish. 
1755,  Jan.  16. — Peter  Gaussen,  of  this  parish,  bachelor,  and  Anna-Maria 

Bosanquet,  of  St.  Gregory's,  spinster,  a  minor. 
1759,  April  29. — Willoughby  Arundel,  of  Hackney,  Middlesex,  bachelor,  and 

Mary  Wright,  of  this  parish,  spinster. 
1762,  June  24. — Richard  Hoare,   of   Boreham,    in    Essex,    bachelor,    and 

Susannah-Cecilia  Dingley,  of  this  parish,  spinster. 

1766,  April  6. — Eichard  Pepys,  of  this  parish,  widower,  and  Mary  Sander- 
son, of  the  same,  spinster. 
1771,  Nov.  7. — John  Peter  Du  Eoveray  and  Jane  Scott,  both  single,  and  of 

this  parish. 
1774,  Nov.  3. — Henry  Boulton,  Esq.,  of  this  parish,  bachelor,  and  Juliana 

Eaymond,  of  Barking,  Essex,  spinster. 
1780,  Dec.  14. — Thomas  Cope,  of  this  parish,  bachelor,  and  Mary  Mountain, 

of  St.  Mary,  Aldermanbury,  spinster. 


Baptisms.  93 

1783,  Oct.  23. — John-Peter  Du  Roveray,  Esq.,  widower,  and  Rene-Margue- 
rite Bonard,  spinster,  both  of  this  parish. 

1789,  April  4. — John-Henry  Rougemont,  of  this  parish,  bachelor,  and 
Frances-Mary -Rachael  Rivaz,  of  St.  Botolph  Bishopsgate, 
spinster. 

1791,  June  14. — Charles  Mayo,  Esq.,  of  this  parish,  bachelor,  and  Elizabeth 
Knowlys,  of  St.  Dnnstan  in  the  East,  spinster. 

1794,  Jan.  14.— The  Rev.  John  Davis,  of  Waltham  Holy  Cross,  co.  Essex, 

widower,  and  Sarah  Davis,  of  this  parish,  widow. 

1795,  Dec.  16. — Francis-David  de  la  Chaumette,  of  St.  Mary's,  Newington, 

Midx.,  Esquire,  bachelor,  and  Olympia-Charlotte  Page,  of  this 

parish,  spinster,  a  minor,  with  consent  of  her  father,  John  Page. 
1797,  Feb.  23.— The  Rev.  Thomas  Sikes,  Clerk,  of  Gilsborough,  co.  North- 

ampton,  bachelor,  and  Susannah  Powell,  of  this  parish,  spinster. 
1800,  Jan.  11. — Bunce  Curling,  M.D.,  of  St.  Pancras,  Midx.,  bachelor,  and 

Harriet  Hutchinson,  of  this  parish,  spinster. 
1806,  May  22.— David  Colby,  Esq.,  of  St.  Martin  in  the  Fields,  bachelor,  and 

Ann  Costin,  of  this  parish,  widow. 

Baptisms. 

1575,  July  30. — George,  son  of  Anthony  Howse.     [The  first  entry  of  baptisms 

in  the  existing  registers.] 

1576-7,  Jan.  2. — Ann,  daughter  of  Edward  Stanhope. 
1577,  Dec.  31.— William,  son  of  William  Reade,  Gent. 
1579-8,  March  10.— John,  son  of  John  Jeckell  [?  Jekyll],  Gent. 
1581,  Nov.  22.— Michaell,  son  of  Edward  Stanhope,  Gent. 
1587,  June  23. — John,  son  of  John  Bowcher,  Gent. 
1589,  Aug.  27. — Anne,  daughter  of  Edward  Dudley. 
1591,  Aug.  15. — Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Peter  Delavale,  merchant. 
1595,  July  31. — Ferdinando,  son  of  Richard  Tayler,  Dr.  in  Physic. 
1597,  July  25.— Bridget,  daughter  of  Peter  Turner,  Dr.  in  Physic. 
1600,  July  28. — Anne,  daughter  of  Thomas  Morley,  Gent.,  and  Suzan. 
1600-1,  Feb.15. — Hester,  daughter  of  Albericus  Gentyle,  a  civilian,  and  Hester. 

1602,  July  5. — Pembrook,  daughter  of  Sir  Henry  Leonard,  Knt.,  and  Chri- 

sogon  :  out  of  Dr.  Tumor's. 

1603,  Dec.  11. — Mathewe,  son  of  Albericus  Gentyle,  Doctor  of  the  Civil  Law, 

and  Hester. 
1604-5,  Jan.  8.— Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  Michael  Stanhope,  Kt.,  and 

Dame  Anne. 
1607-8,  Feb.  4.— George,  son  of  Thomas  Greene,  Gent.,  of  Canterbury,  and 

Alice. 
1608-9,  Jan.  2.— William,  son  of  Sir  Rotherham  Willoughby,  Kt.,  and  the 

Lady  Anne,  his  wife. 

1611,  May  26. — David,  son  of  Abraham  Chamberlen,  merchant,  and  Hester. 
1611,  July  1. — Elizabeth,   daughter  of  Sir  Henry  Baker,  Kt.,  and  Dame 

Katharine. 
1611,  Sep.  1. — "  Job  rakt  out  of  the  Asshes,  being  borne  the  last  of  August, 

in  the  lane  going  to  Sir  John  Spencer's  back  gate,  and  there  laide 

in  a  heape  of  Seacole  Asshes,  was  baptised  the  ffirst  daye  of 

September  following,  and  dyed  the  next  day  after." 


94  Baptisms  continued. 

1613,  July  28. — Jaell,  daughter  of  Eoger  Manwaring,  Preacher. 

1614,  Sep.  18.— Humfry,  son  of  Philip  Gifford,  Gent.,  and  Suzan. 

1616-7,  Jan.  6.— Kebecca,  daughter  of  Eichard  Ball,  Parson  of  St.  Helen's, 

and  Elizabeth. 
1619,  March  26. — John  Fawkner,  reputed  son  of  George  Fawkner,  Gent., 

servant  to  the  Duke  of  Lennox,  and  Mary  Peirce,  servant  to 

Edmund  Peirsen,  scrivener. 
1621,  June  27.— James,  son  of  Sir  Henry  Fynes,  Kt.,  and  Dame  Hellen;  in 

Dr.  Crooke's  house. 

1621-2,  Jan.  6. — Hilkiah,  son  of  Hilkiah  Crooke,  Dr.  in  Physic,  and  Anne. 
1623,  Sep.  12. — Lettes,  daughter  of  Sir  Fouke  Grevell,  Kt.,  and  Dame  Anne. 
1626,  Oct.  18. — Benjamin,  son  of  Joseph  Browne,  Clerk,  and  Minister  of  this 

parish,  and  Suzan. 
1631,  June   29. — Margaret,  daughter  of  Mr.  Thomas  Wiseman,  Gent.,  and 

Elizabeth. 

1634,  July  2. — Samuel,  son  of  Herriott  Washbourne,   Sugar  Baker,  and 

Agnes. 

1635,  June  18. — Patrick,  son  of  Willoby  Skipwith,  Esq.,  and  Honnor  his 

wife. 
1637-8,  Feb.  19.— Anne,  daughter  of   the  Eight.  Hon.   Spencer,  Earl   of 

Northampton,  and  the  Eight  Hon.  Countess,  his  wife. 
1638,  May  26.— Eobert,  son  of  Sir  Gilbert  Jarrett,  Kt.  and  Bart.,  and  Dame 

Lady  Mary. 

1643,  May  15. — Edward,  son  of  Myles  Corbett,  Esq.,  and  Mary. 
1647,  Nov.  16.-rEdward,  son  of  Edward  Cooke,  Dr.  in  Physic,  and  Mary. 

1649,  Aug.  9. — Joane,  daughter  of  Eichard  Wylde,  Esq.,  and  Eebecca:  born 

Aug.  3rd. 

1650,  April  26.— Elizabeth,    daughter    of    Eobert    Warberton,    Esq.,    and 

Elizabeth :  born  13th. 

1651,  June  18. — Samuel,  son  of  Boulstrod  Whitlock,  Lord  Commissioner  of 

the  Great  Seal  of  England,  and  Dame  Ladie  Mary  his  wife. 
1653,  June  16. — John,  son  of  Arthur  Barham,  our  Minister,  and  Mary. 
1654-5,  Feb.  3. — Bigley,  son  of  Samuel  Carleton  and  Martha :  born  Feb.  2, 

baptized  by  Mr.  Barham,  in  the  Tower  of  London. 
1656,  Nov.  6. — Eowland,  son  of  Eowland  Hill,  merchant,  and  Grace. 

1658,  July  8. — Eebecca,  daughter  of  Alderman  John  Lawrence,  and  Abigail  : 

born  July  6th. 

1659,  Aug.  12. — Stephen,  son  of  Stephen  Langham,  merchant,  and  Mary. 
1661,  Dec.  31. — John,  son  of  Sir  John  Lawrence,  Kt.  and  Alderman,  and 

Abigail  his  Lady :  born  Dec.  llth. 
1666,  Aug.  17. — Anthony,  son  of  Thomas  Henchman,  D.D.,  and  Mary. 

1669,  March  28.— Eichard,    son  of   Thomas    Garraway,    Cofiee-man,    and 

Elizabeth. 

1670,  Oct.  9.— Charles,  son  of  Sir  Francis  Clarke,  Kt.,  and  Lady  Elizabeth. 
1674,  Dec.  5. — Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Gilbert  Aspinwall,  Esq.,  and  Mary. 
1676,  June  3. — Joseph,  son  of  Brewen  Eives,  merchant. 

1677-8,  Jan.  8. — George,  son  of  George  Shuckburgh,  Esq.,  and  Anne. 
1678,  Oct.  1.— Stephen,  son  of  Sir  Stephen  Anderson. 
1680,  Oct.  1. — Charlotte,  daughter  of  Michael  Biddulph,  Esq.,  and  Mary. 
1682,  April  11. — Angell,  daughter  of  Sir  Nicholas  Butler,  Kt.,  and  Jane. 


Baptisms  continued.  95 

1685-6,  March  16.— Dudley,  son  of  Dudley  Crue  [Crewe],  and  Dorothy. 
1687,  Nov.  3. — Winifred,  daughter  of  Alexander  Pitfield,  Esq.,  and  Elizabeth. 
1691,  June  12. — Norbury,  son  of  Eichard  Tennison,  Lord  Bishop  of  Clougher, 

and  Ann  :  born  June  10th. 

1695,  Aug.  26. — Joseph,  son  of  Thomas  Willis,  clerk,  and  Elizabeth. 
1697-8,  Feb.  28. — Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Edward  Sayer,  Esq.,  and  Sarah. 
1698,  Dec.  20. — Martha,  daughter  of  Charles  Gresham,  Esq.,  and  Mary. 
1700,  April  22.— George,  son  of  Mr.  Charles  Burdett,  and  Mary. 
1700,  May  26. — Edward,  son  of  Eobert  Eyer,  Esq.,  and  Elizabeth,  in  St. 

Andrew  Undershaft. 

1700,  Aug.  4. — Ann,  daughter  of  Mr.  William  Atwell,  banker,  and  Mary. 
1702,  Sep.  21. — Edward,  son  of  Mr.  Clement  Boeheme,  merchant,  and  Ann. 
1703-4,  Jan.  18. — Mary,  daughter  of  Captain  Peyton  Nelson,  and  Mary. 
1704,  Sep.  7. — William,  son  of  Dr.  John  Hawes  and  Margaret. 
1706,  July  15. — Henry,  son  of  Eobert  Newton,  clerk,  and  Margaret. 
1708,  Aug.  5. — "  Anne,  the  natural  daughter  of  Granado  Chester,  by  Anne 

[blank]  wife  of  [blank],  shee  cohabiting  with  the  said  Chester  in 

continent,  as  being  sold  by  Tier  said  husband  to  Chester,  according 

to  common  fame." 

1711,  Dec.  8. — Epiphanus,  son  of  Epiphanus  Holland,  clerk,  and  Susanna. 
1713,  May  29. — Attwell,  son  of  Sir  Bybie  Lake,  and  Mary. 

1715,  Nov.  25. — "  Granodo,  son  of  Granodo  Chester,  and  Mary  his  wife." 

1716,  May  21. — John,  son  of  John  Parsons,  a  Quaker,  of  Pinner,  Middlesex, 

and  Mary. 

1717,  Oct.  31. — William,  son  of  Christopher  Feake,  merchant,  from  Jamaica, 

and  Catherine. 

1719,  June  24. — Martha,  daughter  of  Sir  John  Lock  and  Dame  Martha. 
1722,  Oct.  21. — Cornelius,  son  of  Abraham  Yan  Mildert,  and  Anne. 
1725-6,  Feb.  24.— Eichard,  son  of  Captain  Francis  Goslin,  and  Sarah. 
1730,  June  14. — Charles,  son  of  Charles  Duncomb,  and  Hannah. 
1735-6,  Feb.  5. — Eichard,  son  of  John  Gascoyne,  and  Anne. 
1742-3,  Jan.  26.— John,  son  of  Eev.  Thomas  Winfeild,  and  Frances. 
1748-9,  Jan.  11. — James-David,  son  of  Elisha  Auriol,  and  Margaret :  born 

22nd  December,  1748. 

1755,  Nov.  21. — Esther,  daughter  of  Charles  Eebotier,  and  Magdalen. 
1760,  May  31. — John-Nicholas,  son  of  John-Baptist  Durand,  and  Ann  :  born 

6th  May. 
1769,  Oct.  13. — Martha,  daughter  of  John- Spencer  Colepeper,  and  Martha  : 

born  17th  September. 
1772,  April  15. — James- John-Charles,  son  of  Lewis  Agassiz,  and  Mary  :  born 

8th  March. 
1778,  Oct.  1. — John,  son  of  John  Dawson  and  Sarah,  of  the  province  of  New 

York,  America. 

1784,  Jan.  12. — (Born)  Thomas,  son  of  George  Bertie,  and  Mary. 
1787,  Sep.  16. — Maria  Ann,  daughter  of  John  Fenwick,  and  Maria :  born 

16th  August. 
1792,  June  7. — Martha,  daughter  of  Bryan  Troughton,  and  Martha :  born 

24th  April. 
1796,  April  10.— Henry- William,   son  of  Henry  Chichester,    and  Eleanor : 

born  12th  March. 


96  Burials. 

1798,  May  29. — William,  son  of  William  Brent,  and  Amelia :  born  5th  April. 
1800,  May  12. — Susan-Lydia,  daughter  of  Henry -William  Ward,  and  Susan  : 

born  22nd  February. 
1805,  April  14. — Eichard  Beresford,  son  of  John  Jarvis,  and  Anne :  born  25th 

February. 
1810,  March  22.— Frederick,  son  of  Thomas  Danvers,  and  Lucy :  born  22nd 

February. 

Burials. 

1575,  April  7. — John    Byngle    [the  first  entry  of  burials  in  the  existing 

registers]. 
1575,  Dec.  4.— Sir  John  Pollard,  Kt. 

1575,  Dec.  9. — Paulina  Adylmar   (doubtless  one  of  the  family  afterwards 

taking  the  name  of  Coesar). 

1576,  June  14.— Mr.  William  Bond,  alderman. 

1578,  Dec.  3.— Mr.  John  Gresham,  gent. 

1579,  Dec.  15.— Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  Kt. 

1585,  April  3.— The  Lady  Pollard,  wife  of  Sir  John  Pollard,  Kt. 

1586,  Dec.  5. — Charles,  son  of  Doctor  Caesar. 

1592,  Sep.  23. — Nicholas  Fylio,  Secretary  to  the  French  Embassador— buried 

by  the  Pardon  door. 

1593,  Oct.  23.— Peter,  son  of  Baldwyn  Eightshilling  (several  others  of  this 

name  buried). 

1595,  July  14.— Sir    Thomas  Eeade,    Kt. :    in    Sir    Thomas     Gresham's 

vault. 

1596,  Dec.  14. — The  Ladye  Anne  Gresham,  wydowe. 

1602,  June  4. — Mathew  Gentyle,  physician. 

1603,  Sep.  9. — Abraham,  son  of  William  Framebreaking,  a  nurse  child. 
1605,  Dec.  3.— Gertrude  Eeade,  the  Lady,  wife  of  Sir  William  Eeade,  Kt.: 

died  Oct.  24th ;  buried  in  Sir  Thomas  Gresham's  vault. 
1608,  April  2. — Dorcas,  wife  of  Thomas  Sanderson,  Esq.,  and  daughter  to 
Sir  Julius  Caesar,  Kt. 

1608,  June  21. — Alberick  Gentyle,  Doctor  of  the  Civil  Lawes,  King's  Pro- 

fessor of  the  Civil  Law  at  Oxford. 

1609,  May  4.— Dame  Helen,  wife  of  Sir  William  Willoughby,  Kt. ;  buried 

at  St.  Peter  le  Poor. 

1609-10,  March  22.— Sir  John  Spencer,  Kt. :  in  a  new  vault  by  the  vestry 
door ;  died  March  3rd. 

1610,  April  7. — Dame  Alice  Spencer,  widow :  in  her  husband's  vault ;  died 

March  27. 
1610,  July  18. — Sir  Thomas  Caesar,  Kt.,  one  of  the  Barons  of  the  King's  Maties 

Exchequer :  died  the  same  day  in  his  house  in  Chancery  Lane. 
1612,  Sept.  2. — "  Job  Eakt  out  of  the  Ashes,  as  is  menconed  in  the  Eegister  of 

Christnings." 
1612,  Dec.  4.— Walter  Hastings,  Esq.,  Master  of  the  Horse  to  the  Eight 

Honourable  Earl  of  Worcester. 

1614,  May  24.— Dame  Alice  Caesar,  wife  of  Sir  Julius  Cassar,  Kt.,  Chan- 

cellor of  the  Exchequer,  and  one  of  the  Privy  Council. 

1615,  Oct.  18. — Peter  Mounsell,  Eeader  of  the  Phisick  Lecture  in  Gresham 

College. 


Burials  continued.  97 

1619-20,  Jan.  20.-— Mrs.  Margery,  wife  of  Mr.  Martyne  Lumley,  Alderman. 
1620-1,  Jan.  30.— Samuel  Calvert,  Gent.,  and  secretary  to  the  Tnrkye  Com- 

pany  of  Merchants. 
1623,  Dec.  2.— Lettis,  daughter  of  Sir  Fouke  Greuell  (Sir  Fulke  Greville), 

Kt.,  and  Dame  Anne. 
1625,  Nov.  21.— Bridget,   daughter    of  Mr.  Edmond  Allin,  Alderman,  and 

Hellen :  buried  in  Bow  Church. 
1629-30,  Jan.  19. — Ann  Peck,  an  aged  widow,  and  sister  to  the  Eight  Hon. 

Sir  Julius  Caesar,  Kt. :  under  the  Communion  Table. 
1631,  July  16. — Abraham  Aurelius,  a  French  Minister. 
1632-3,  Feb.  13.— Eichard  Broughton,  Gent.,  from  Sir  Julius  Caesar's. 
1634,  Aug.  7. — Sir  Martin  Lumley,  Kt.,  and  late  Alderman ;  buried  in  the 

Church,  wrapped  in  lead,  within   a  coffin,  under  his  ancestors' 

stone  close  to  the  reading  pew,  about  a  yard  deep. 

1636,  April  18. — Sir  Julius  Ceaser,  knighte,  Mr  of  the  Eoules,  and  one  of 

the  King's  Maties  most  honourable  Privie  Counsell,  was  buried 
under  Mr.  William's  stone  by  the  Communion  Table,  on  Easter 
Monday  night,  being  the  xviii.th  day  of  Aprill. 

1637,  Aug.  30. — Dame  Lady  Anne  Ceasar  was  buryed  in  the  vault  by  her 

late  husband,  Sir  Julius  Ceasar,  Knighte. 
1637,  Oct.  3. — Joice,  wife  of  Daniel  Featly,  Doctor  in  Divinitie,  in  the  vault 

of  her  late  father,  William  Kirwin. 
1637,  Nov.  9.— Eobert  Ceaser,  Esquier  :  under  Mr.  William's  stone,  by  the 

Communion  Table. 
1639-40,  March  2.— Patrick  Murry,  son  of  the  Eight  Hon.  Patrick,  Earl  of 

Tully  Barden :  in  Sir  Julius  Ceasar's  vault. 

1643,  May  11. — Martin  Bond,  Esq.,  from  Creechurch  parish :  in  the  Church. 
1646,  Oct.  22.— Elizabeth  Wiseman,  in  the  Church. 

1649,  Dec.  26.— Peter  Tryon,  in  the  vault  of  Mr.  Moses  Try  on,  his  grand- 
father. 
1652-3,  March  1. — William  Berkley,   sometymes    Alderman,    free    of    the 

Haberdashers,  in  the  Church. 
1655,  July  19. — Thomas  Gresham,  Gent. :  died  in  the  parish  of  St.  Andrew 

Undershaft :  buried  near  Sir  Thomas  Gresham's  monument. 
1656-7,  Feb.  5. — Julian,  daughter  of  Alderman  Backhouse  :  in  their  vault. 
1660,  June  6. — Eichard,  son  of  Sir  Foucke  Grevill :  in  the  Church. 
1660,  Sep.  11. — Dame  Mary,  wife    of  Sir  James  Langham,  Kt.  :    in    the 

Chancel. 

1662,  June  18. — John,  son  of  Sir  John  Lawrence  :  in  the  Church. 
1662,  Sept.  13.— Sir  Foucke  Grevill :  in  the  Church,  on  his  son. 
1663-4,  Feb.  17.— Doctor  Langham's  wife  :  in  the  Chancel. 
1666,  June  28. — Mrs.  Susanna,  wife  of  Alderman  Spurstow :  in  the  North 
Aisle. 

1668,  June  4. — Captain  Isaac  Jurine. 

1669,  May  11.— Captain  Edward  Bartlett :  in  the  North  Quire. 

1669,  Dec.  31.— Sir  Edward  Alstone :  in  the  Chancel,  near  his  daughter  the 

Lady  Langham. 

1670,  Aug.  3.— The  Lady  Alstone  :  in  the  Church,  in  her  husband's  grave. 

1671,  March  30.— Mrs.  Jane  Eaton  :  in  the  north  quire ;  and  her  little  son, 

who  was  ript  out  of  her  body. 
H 


98  Burials  continued. 

1672,  July  4.— Mr.  William  Finch :  in  the  north  quire. 

1673,  Sep.  18.— The  Lady  Foster :   in  the  north  ile,    under  the    stone  of 

Mr.  Briggs,  her  former  husband. 

1675,  March  27. — Dr.  Jonathan  Goddard :  in  the  chancel. 
1677,  Aug.  20. — Mr.  Edward  Drayton :  in  the  north  quire. 
1681,  June  16. — The  Lady  Abigail  Lawrence  :  in  the  Church,  in  Mrs.  Tryon's 

vault. 

1683,  May  3. — Sir  Thomas  Viner  :  in  the  south  quire. 
1686-7,  Jan.  6: — John  Standish,  Dr.  of  Divinity :  on  the  south  side  of  the 

altar. 

1689,  Sep.  19.— Mr.  Peter  Culling  :  in  Madam  Tryon's  vault. 

1690,  April  13.— Sir  Francis  Clarke  :  in  the  Church. 
1691-2,  Jan.  29. — Sir  John  Lawrence  :  in  the  family  vault. 
1691-2,  March  10. — Mr.  Arthur  Barham,  clerk  :  in  the  south  isle. 
1695-6,  Jan.  17. — Capt.  George  Goddard :  in  the  Church. 

1698,  Dec.  30.— Henry  Spurstow,  Esq. :  in  the  north  aisle. 

1700,  Sep.  29.— Francis  Clarke,  Esq. :  in  the  Church. 

1701,  May  4. — Mr.  Thomas  Willis,  minister  of  this  parish  :  in  the  chancel, 

on  the  north  side  of  the  communion  table. 

1702,  Aug.  24. — Ann,    daughter  of  Mr.  Edmund  Prideaux,    merchant :   in 

Julius  Caesar's  vault,  in  the  south  quire. 

1703,  April  11. — Sir  John  Woolfe  :  in  the  vault  by  the  vestry  door. 
1703,  July  6.— Sir  John  Eyles,  Kt. :  in  his  vault  in  the  Church. 

1705,  Sep.  14. — Dame  Sarah  Eyles,  widow,  relict  of  Sir  John  Eyles,  Kt., 

deceased  :  in  the  vault  belonging  to  that  family  in  the  Church. 
1707,  Aug.  8. — Madam  Anne  Carter,  widow  :  in  the  north  quire. 
1708-9,  Jan.  31. — Jacob  De  Lillers,  merchant :  in  the  south  isle. 

1710,  Nov.  23.— Elizabeth  Spencer,  widow  :  in  the  Church. 

1711,  Sep.  19. — Sir  Joseph  Woolfe  :  in  a  vault  in  the  choir. 

1713,  Aug.  27. — Mary  Bowyer,  widow  :  in  the  chancel,  in  Mr.  Robert  Foot's 

vault. 

1714,  June  2.— Joseph  Woolfe,  Esq. :  in  Sir  John  Woolfe's  vault. 

1715,  Aug.  31. — James  Penrice,  Esq. :  in  the  north  quire. 

1716,  June  5. — Sir  Francis  Eyles  :  in  their  vault. 

1718,  Oct.  11. — Francis,  son  of  Joseph  Eyles,  Esq. :  in  their  vault. 

1718,  Nov.  27. — Dame  Mary  Robinson,  late  wife  of  Dr.  John  Robinson  :  in 

Mr.  Robinson's  vault. 

1719,  May  16. — George  Boddington,  Esq. :  in  a  vault  in  the  north  aisle. 

1720,  Sep.  13. — Madam  Ann  Foot :  in  their  vault  in  the  chancel. 

1721-2,  Feb.  25.— Madam  Sarah  Styles  :  in  Mr.  Eyles'  vault  in  the  Church. 

1723,  April  22. — Lady  Catharine  Lawrence  :  in  their  vault. 

1724,  Sep.  3. — Sir  Samuel  Stanyer  :  in  the  north  aisle. 
1728,  March  29. — Francis  Bancroft,  Esq. :  in  his  tomb. 

1728,  Sep.  10. — The  Hon.  Lady  Ann  Coventry  :  in  the  chancel. 

1731,  July  1. — Mrs.  Dorothy  Crispe  :  in  the  south  quire. 

1732-3,  Jan.  15. — General  George  Kellum  :  in  the  Church. 

1735,  April  22.— Dame  Elizabeth,  Lady  Eyles  :  in  the  family  vault. 

1735,  Nov.  23. — Dame  Mary  Eyles,  late  wife  of  Sir  John  Eyles,  Bart. :  in 

the  family  vault. 
1735-6,  March  18.— Richard  Good-Inch  :  in  the  churchyard. 


Burials  continued.  99 

1738,  Oct.  27. — John-Brette  Sherbrooke,  Esq. :  in  the  south  quire,  in  the 

Church,  near  the  vestry. 

1738-9,  Feb.  22. — James  Buck,  Esq. :  in  the  Impropriator's  vault. 
1739-40,  Feb.  15.— Sir  Joseph  Eyles  :  in  the  family  vault. 

1742,  May  25. — The  Eev.  Matthias  Symson  :  in  the  churchyard. 

1743,  Oct.  23. — The  Eev.  Mr.  James  Ansty  :  in  the  churchyard. 
1743-4,  Feb.  17.— The  Eev.  Mr.  Haywood:  in  the  Church. 

1744-5,  March  17. — Sir  John  Eyles  :  in  the  family  vault  in  the  Church. 
1746,  May  12.— Walter  Barnard,  Esq.,  Alderman  of  Broad  Street  "Ward  :  in 

Mr.  Jones's  vault  in  the  chancel. 

1746,  Sep.  17. — John  Lewis  Auriol :  in  the  churchyard. 
1748,  May  18.— Edward  Brown,  Esq. :  in  the  Church. 

1752,  Nov.  4. — Catherine  Lawrence  :  in  Lady  Lawrence's  vault. 

1753,  Oct.  17.— The  Eev.  Mr.  Peter  Sympson :  in  the  churchyard. 

1754,  April  25. — Elizabeth,  wife  of   Charles  Dingley,  Esq. :   in  the  family 

vault. 

1759,  Sep.  24. — Peter  Gaussen,  Esq. :  in  the  chancel. 
1761,  April  27. — Dame  Sarah  Eyles  :  in  their  vault. 

1767,  Jan.  20. — Henry  Hall,  Esq. :  in  the  quire. 

1768,  Nov.  5. — Sir  John  Haskyns  Eyles  Stiles :  in  the  family  vault. 
1772,  June  25. — Eichard  Sherbrook  :  in  the  south  quire. 

1772,  Dec.  7.— Eev.  Charles  Burdett,  D.D. :  in  the  Church. 
1776,  Dec.  12.— Susanna  Townsend :  in  the  Dingley  family  vault. 
1781,  June  16. — Arthur  Stert,  Esq. :  in  the  choir. 

1785,  July  6.— John  William    Smith,  Esq.:    in  Mr.  Woolf's   vault  in   the 
chancel. 

1787,  June  25. — William  Boles  Pilkington  :  in  the  chancel. 

1788,  Nov.  28.— Peter  Gaussen,  Esq. :  in  the  chancel. 

1792,  Sep.  17.— Mr.  Eichard  Goodhall :  in  Mr.  Foot's  vault  in  the  chancel. 

1795,  Aug.  ( — ). — Eev.  John  Naish,  Yicar  of  this  parish,  aged  71 :   in  the 

chancel. 

1796,  Nov.  5. — Hector  De  Dompierre,  aged  58 :  in  the  Church. 
1804,  Dec.  14. — Anna  Maria  Gaussen,  aged  70  :  in  the  chancel. 

1810,  March  23.— Mary  Ann  Blenkarne,  aged  6  years :  in  Mr.  Eyles'  vault 
in  the  south  aisle. 


100 


CHAPTER    VII. 

VESTRY   RECORDS.* 

AT  a  Vestrye  kept  by  the  pshioners  of  S*  Hellens  upon  Sonedaie 
the  seconde  day  of  Octobre  A°  Domini  1558. 

Imprimis.  It  is  ordeyned  that  a  booke  of  paper  be  prepared 
wherein  all  orders  concluded  at  any  Vestrye  may  be  entred  and 
put  in  writinge. 

Item.  That  the  yongest  Church  Warden  for  time  being  shal 
be  bound  to  entre  or  cause  to  be  entred  the  saied  orders  in  the 
saied  booke  within  xiiii.  daies  after  upon  paine  of  v  s. 

Item.  That  the  saide  pshioners.  shall  yerelye  assemble 
together  upon  the  Sonedaie  next  after  the  feast  of  S*  Michall  the 
Archangell  to  ellecte  and  chose  the  Church  Wardens  for  the  yere 
following,  the  saied  assemble  to  be  duelye  called  by  the  Church 
Wardens  upon  the  paine  of  v  s. 

Item.  That  the  Olde  Church  Wardens  shall  make  yerelie  a 
good  and  a  perfect  accompte  of  their  office  before  the  said 
pshioners  upon  Sonedaie  next  after  the  feaste  of  All  Saints  upon 
payne  to  forfeit  and  paye  the  some  iii  s.  iiii  d.  yf  he  have  no  lawfull 
excuse.  And  anye  Sonedaie  after  asmuche  untill  they  have  made 
their  saied  accompte.  The  saide  some  or  somes  of  money  to  be 
levyed  to  the  use  of  the  saide  prsh  Church. 

Item.  That  when  at  this  lasper  Umpton,  Henrye  Browne 
and  Robert  Spencer  have  found  themselves  greved  with  their 
assessement  to  the  Clarke's  Wages.  It  is  agreed  that  at  the  next 
Vestrye  to  be  kept,  the  matter  shall  be  further  ordeyned. 

Item.  That  yf  any  prshner  of  the  saied  prshe  be  duelie 
warned  by  the  Church  Wardens  to  come  to  any  vestrye  to  be 

*  The  Vestry  Eecords  of  St.  Helen's  from  A.D.  1558  to  A.D.  1812  contain 
so  many  parochial  references  of  interest  that  they  are  here  given  in  their 
entirety  without  note  or  comment.  Those  between  A.D.  1812  and  the  pre- 
sent time,  containing  very  little  matter  of  importance,  are  omitted. 


Vestries,  A.D.  1558-60.  101 

kept  by  the  saied  parishners,  and  doe  make  defalte,  That  then 
he  or  they  having  no  good  lawful  excuse,  shall  forfeite  for  anye 
suche  defalt  the  some  of  ii  d.  to  the  use  of  the  parishe. 

Item.  That  the  Clarke  that  now  serveth  shall  depart  at  Christe- 
mas  next,  and  then  to  have  a  qters.  wages,  and  in  the  meane  season 
to  provide  an  other. 

At  a  Vestrye  holden  the  vith  of  ffebruarie  A°  1558. 

Imprimis.  It  is  agreade  that  Richard  ffortune  shalbe  Church 
Warden  for  this  yere  followinge. 

Item.  It  is  agreade  that  lermyne  Ciolle,  Willm  Hagar,  Blase 
Saunders,  andlasper  Umpton  shall  take  theaccompte  of  Mr.  Browne 
betwene  this  and  Sonedaie  next,  and  then  to  make  reporte  thereof. 
And  also  to  take  accompte  of  the  Collector  of  the  XV  and  of  the 
strangers,  so  that  the  remayner  thereof  may  be  brought  in  to  the 
use  of  the  parishe  church. 

Item.  It  is  agreade  that  Gregory  Bacon  shalle  serve  in  the 
Quyer  as  a  Conducte  to  playe  and  singe  there,  and  to  have 
£iiii  by  the  yere  for  his  wage  to  begynne  at  Christemas  last,  and 
that  he  shall  give  the  prshe  a  yeres  warnynge  afore  his  departure. 

Item.  That  Thomas  Parker  shall  serve  the  parish  as  Clarke 
at  all  tymes  havinge  yerelie  xxs.  to  begynne  at  Christemas  last,  w* 
all  comodities  to  the  same  except  the  Great  Bell. 

Item.  That  Steven  Derrom  shall  serve  as  Sexton,  and  have 
xx  s.  a  yere  to  begynne  at  Christemas  last  paste. 

Item.  That  Thomas  Parker  shall  washe  the  clothes  of  the 
Church  and  kepe  the  Clocke  and  have  xiii  s.  iiii  d.  for  the  same. 

Item.  That  Willm  and  George  Graye  shall  shutte  up  their 
doores  wth  they  have  latelye  made  out  of  their  houses  into  the 
close. 

Item.  That  Wm  Hagar  shall  paye  for  his  absence  at  this 
Yestrye  ii  d. 

At  a  Vestrye  holden  the  Sondaie  the  xxth  of  Octobre  A° 

1560. 

It  is  this  daie  ordered  that  Mr  Goddolphyn  and  lohn  Edwards 
shall  be  Church  Wardens  for  this  yere  followinge.  And  that  Mr 
Goddolphyn  shall  have  the  charge  of  the  Money  this  yere,  and 
to  go  out  at  Michaelmas  next,  and  the  saied  Edwards  to  remayne 
for  the  yere  following  wth  another  to  be  chosen  to  him. 


102  Vestries,  A.D.  1561-3. 

At  a  Vestrie  holden  the  iiiith  dale  of  Maye.  A°  1561. 
Thomas  Odyll  and  George  Lodge  are  elected  to  be  Collectors 
for  the  poor  people  for  this  yere  following. 

At  a  Vestrie  holden  the  xxith   daie  of  December.  A° 

1561. 

This  daie  were  chosen  comon  officers  for  the  yere  following, 
viz. 

Thomas  Colshill     for  the  Comon  Counsell. 
Richard  Kirke 


,    For  the  Wardmote  Quest. 
Edmund  Stone 

John  Edwards     Constable. 
George  Gray     Scavenger. 
Kylbye     Bedell. 

At  a  Vestrie    holden  the  xxiith  daie    of  ffebruarie  A° 
1561. 

Raffe  Skeres  and  John  Edwards  were  elected  to  be  Collectors 
for  the  secunde  fiftene,  which  was  granted  towards  re-edifyinge  of 
Powles  Church. 

It  is  also  agreade  at  the  said  Vestrye  that  Mr  Colshill,  Mr 
Cioll,  Mr  Saunders,  Mr  Hagar,  Mr  Lodge,  Mr  Goddolphyn  and 
Mr  Watson,  shall  upon  the  Wednesdaie  then  next  following  goe  to 
the  Leather  sellers  Hall,  and  ther  to  confer  wth  the  Wardens  and 
Assistants  of  the  saied  Leathersellers  concerning  the  repairing  and 
amendement  of  certaine  decayde  places  on  the  outside  of  the  North 
He  of  the  Church. 

The  xxviiith  of  October  1563. 

At  this  Vestrie  Willm  Knyll  is  choesen  and  appointed  to  be 
conducte  in  place  of  John  Hailes  to  plaie  on  the  Organes  and  to 
singe  in  the  Quyer  for  the  same  Wage  that  hath  heretofore  bene 
accustomed  from  Michelmas  last  past. 

At  the  same  Vestrie  it  is  agread  by  consent  of  the  prshonrs 
of  this  parish  and  the  companye  of  the  laborers  that  they  shall 
contynue  their  resorte  to  this  parishe  church  yerely  on  Trynitye 
Sonedaie  as  heretofore  they  have  done,  paying  to  the  Parishe 
Church  yerelie  ii  s.  to  the  Church  Wardens  for  the  tyme  beinge. 

The  xxviith  of  June  1563. 

It  is  ordered  and  agreed  that  Rice  Austen,  Clockmaker  shall 
have  yerely e  for  thamendinge  and  lookinge  to  the  Clocke  the 


Vestries,  A.D.  1563-4.  103 

some  of  v  s.  and  that  he  shall  have  xv  d.  for  his  paynes  allreedie 
taken  therein. 

The  vth  daie  of  Mairche  1563. 

It  is  ordered  from  hencefurthe  that  none  shal  be  buryed  within 
the  Churche  or  Churcheyarde  of  this  parishe  beinge  not  of  the 
parishe  and  not  departing  this  worlde  within  the  parish  unles  it  be 
otherwise  ordered  by  consent  of  the  parishe  holden  at  a  Vestrie. 

Item.  That  non  shal  be  buryed  within  the  Church  unles  the 
dead  corpse  be  coffened  in  wood,  and  also  pay  the  ordeynarie 
charges  to  the  Churche  for  the  rynginge  and  tollinge  of  the  Great 
Bell. 

Item.  That  Thomas  Parker  shall  appear  before  the  Auditors 
at  the  next  Audit  to  be  kept,  ther  to  answer  unto  such  things  as 
shall  be  objected  against  him,  and  also  to  be  ordered  by  the  said 
Auditors. 

The  xth  of  Julie  1564. 

It  is  agread  by  the  worshipfull  of  the  parishe  w*  other,  that 
Thomas  Parker,  Clarke,  now  beinge  not  dwellinge  in  the  parishe 
depted  shalbe  buryed  in  the  Church  porche  paieing  the  duteies 
belonging  thereunto. 

The  xxxth  daie  of  Julie  1564. 

It  is  agreade  that  Thomas  Underwood  shall  serve  in  the  place 
of  the  Clerke,  until  Michelmas  next  havinge  vi  s.  viii  d.  for  his  Wage 
and  other  advantage  incident  for  the  same. 

The  first  daie  of  October  1564. 

It  is  agreade  that  Thomas  Underwood  shall  serve  in  the  place 
of  the  Clarke  untill  Easter  next  having  xx  s.  for  his  wage  and  all 
other  advantage  incident  for  the  same. 

Quarto  ffebruary  1564. 

It  is  agreade  by  the  assent  of  the  whole  parish,  that  the  Leas  of 
the  parsonage  already  granted  to  the  use  of  the  parishe  shalbe 
sued  furth,  and  the  charge  thereof  to  be  paid  by  the  Church 
Wardens  out  of  the  stock  of  the  Church.  And  also  they  have 
appoynted  Mr  Colshill,  Mr  Saunders,  Mr  Howe,  Mr  Skegge,  Mr 
Hagar,  and  Mr  Watson  to  consider  howe  the  said  lease  may  be 
well  assured  to  the  use  of  the  parish,  and  also  to  dispose  how  the 
profitts  of  the  same  from  tyme  to  tyme  shalbe  collected  and  to 
determyn  in  all  things  concerninge  the  same  lease. 


104  Vestries,  A.D.  1564, 

The  xxth  dale  of  Marche  1564. 
A°  Septimo  K  Elizabeth. 

It  is  agreade  the  said  daie  and  yere,  that  for  the  first  two  yeres 
recepte  of  the  revenues  of  the  profitte  of  the  psonnage.  of  this 
Church  of  Se  Hellen,  begyninge  at  the  feast  of  S*  Michaell  the 
Archangell  last  past,  shalbe  collected  and  gathered  by  Mr  Thomas 
Colshill  and  Mr.  Blase  Saunders  or  their  sufficient  deputy e  or 
deputy  es,  and  they  to  paie  as  well  the  Quenes  grace  rent  as  yt 
shalbe  due  goynge  out  of  the  same  psonage,  as  also  to  paie  the 
Curate  and  other  ordynary  charge  from  tyme  to  tyme  as  shalbe 
due.  And  the  same  to  be  allowed  yerelie  in  their  accompte,  wch 
accompte  shalbe  yerelie  made  at  the  feast  of  S*  Michaell  tharch- 
angell  or  w'in  x  daies  then  next  ensuinge  at  the  farthest. 

Item.  It  is  agread  that  the  Curate  shall  furthwith  make  a 
perfect  booke  of  all  the  names  of  the  howseholders  of  this  parishe 
w*  their  wyfe,  children  and  servaunte,  viz.,  suche  as  be  of  the  age 
of  xvi  yeres  or  above,  and  the  same  booke,  or  a  true  copie  thereof 
to  be  delivered  to  the  said  Mr  Colshill  and  Mr  Saunders. 

Item.  It  is  agreade  that  Mr  Howe  shall  deliver  unto  Mr  Cols- 
hill out  of  the  Church  Stocke  remayinge  in  his  hands  the  some  of 
Twentie  Pounds  towards  the  charge  of  the  Lease  and  fyne  for  the 
said  parsonage. 

xiiii  January,  A°  Domini  1564. 

At  a  Vestry  holden  the  saied  daie  and  yere,  It  is  ordered  and 
agreade  be  the  whole  assent  of  the  parishioners  here  present  that 
the  residue  of  owre  roode  lofte  yet  standinge  at  this  daie  shalbe 
taken  downe  accordinge  to  the  forme  of  a  certain  writing  made 
and  subscried  by  Mr.  Mollyns,  Archdeacon  of  London*  by  the 
comandem*  of  my  Lord  Bishoppe  of  Londonf  and  others  the 
Quenes  matie8  comissionrs.  And  further  that  the  place  where  the 
same  doeth  stande  shalbe  comelie  and  devoutlie  made  and  gar- 
nished againe  like  to  S*  Magnus  Church  or  S*  Dunstone  in  the  East 
as  to  the  descrecon  of  the  Church  Wardens  shall  seme  good. 

*  John  Mullins,  Molens,  or  Molins,  S.T.P.,  Prebendary  of  Kentish-town, 
collated  December  13th,  1559,  and  died  May  22, 1591.— Le  Neve's  Fasti, 
vol.  ii.  p.  323.  Ed.  Oxford  (Hardy),  1854. 

f  Edmund  Grindal,  S.T.P.,  elected  July  26th,  consecrated  Dec,  21st, 
1559;  translated  to  York,  May  16th,  1570;  translated  to  Canterbury 
Jan.  10th,  1575-6;  died  July  6th,  1583,  setat.  63.  Id.  vol.  i.  p.  26;  vol.  ii. 
p.  301.  See  above,  p.  55. 


Vestries,  A.D.  1565-75.  105 

Quarto  November,  1565. 

It  is  ordered  that  the  Clarke  shall  have  yerely  for  washinge  the 
Church  Clothes  viii*. 

Item.  It  is  ordered  that  no  Vaulte  nor  Tombe  hereafter  to 
be  made  in  any  parte  of  the  Church  without  composition  had  and 
made  with  the  Church  Wardens  and  parishe  upon  payne  for 
breach  thereof  that  the  Church  Wardens  for  the  tyme  beinge 
shall  forfeit  for  every  tyme  in  this  offending  £x.  to  be  paid  to  the 
use  of  the  Church. 

Item.  That  any  person  which  shalbe  buryed  within  the 
Church  above  the  steppes,  that  is  to  say  betwyne  Sir  Thomas 
Gresham's  pew  and  the  Vestrie  dore,  shall  paye  xv*.  And  betwyne 
the  steppes  unto  the  Quire  dore  in  all  the  iles  xs.  And  in  the 
rest  of  the  boddie  of  the  Church  vis.  viiid.  And  in  the  Church 
porch  iii*.  iiii. 

It  is  ordered  that  none  shall  drye  any  clothes  in  the  Church 
Yard. 

It  is  ordered  that  he  or  they  that  shall  have  the  custodie  and 
profitt  of  the  little  gardens  about  the  Crosse  shall  see  this  last 
order  for  the  drying  of  clothes  executed  accordingly  upon  pay- 
ment to  lose  the  keping  of  the  said  garden,  and  another  to  be 
placed  in  the  same. 

The  xx  daye  of  Marche  1568. 

At  a  Vestry  holden  thys  daye  ytt  was  bargayned  and  agreyd 
that  ffyttler  the  Carpenter  showlde  have  for  mendyng  the  Church 
Koffe  at  the  West  ende  of  the  Churche,  and  for  the  new  greatt 
beame  and  for  the  wood  plate  and  the  tryander  that  lyeth  uppon 
ytt  and  for  so  manye  boardes  as  shalbe  fownde  rotten  under  the 
leade  for  all  hys  woorke  in  the  same  and  for  removing  of  the 
cloke  howse  to  sett  ytt  upon  the  corner  of  the  wall  so  as  ytt 
shall  be  borne  uppon  the  wall  and  not  to  beare  any  p*  of  ytt  on 
the  roofe  of  the  Churche  all  which  thyngs  he  must  do  at  his  own 
charge  as  well  nayles  as  tymber  &  boordes  so  as  the  parish  shalbe 
att  no  other  charge  butt  onlye  the  leaddyng  of  ytt  agayne,  and 
for  all  the  sayed  worke,  the  sayed  ffyttler  must  have  syxteene 
nobles  and  besyde  one  noble  thatt  he  hathe  alreaddye  in 
ernest. 

The  xxvth  daie  of  februarie  a°  1575. 

It  is  agread  that  Willim  Kynll  the  Clarke  shall  have  daie  and 


106  Vestries,  A.D.  1576. 

tyme  until  the  sixth  daie  of  March  next  comynge  to  enquire  and 
searche  for  the  Register  of  the  parish  which  as  he  sayth  he  lost 
neckligently. 

It  is  agread  that  the  Church  Wardens  shall  give  notice  to 
Mr.  Colshill  for  to  bring  the  books  of  accompte  for  the  parish 
that  they  may  remayne  in  the  kepinge  of  the  same  Church  War- 
dens and  that  the  parishc  desier  to  know  how  Mr.  Colshill  holdeth 
the  lease  of  the  parsonage. 

It  is  further  accorded  that  there  shalbe  kepte  on  the  first  Son- 
daie  of  each  Monethe  one  Communyon,  wch  Communyon  shalbe 
so  monethlie  kept  from  tyme  to  tyme  and  that  the  Church  Wardens 
wth  two  or  three  of  them  shall  devide  the  prshe  so  equallie  as  to 
their  discressions  shall  seeme  expedient. 

It  is  also  agread  that  vi.  v.  or  fowre  of  the  Mr"  of  the  parishe 
shall  cess  the  Curate  and  Clarke's  duties  as  well  for  Marriages  as 
burialls,  and  to  have  nothinge  for  Christnynge.  Moreover 

It  is  agread  that  the  Church  Wardens  shall  repair  to  the 
Parishioners  of  the  pshe  to  what  and  howe  much  evre  Man  will 
contribute  and  paie  for  and  towards  a  reader  of  a  Lector ;  to  be 
said  in  the  same  parish  twice  in  the  Weke  and  the  surplussage  of 
the  Clarke's  Wage  to  go  to  the  same. 

It  is  informed  that  the  parish  priest  receiveth  the  offeringe  of 
the  leathersellers  &  others  wch  of  right  ought  to  come  to  the  poor 
men's  box,  of  the  wch  he  must  make  restytution  and  from  hence- 
forthe  to  receave  no  such  offeringes. 

Thexithof  Aprill  a°  1576. 

At  a  Vestrye  holden  the  same  daie  and  yere,  It  is  agread  that 
M  Thomas  Barbor,  or  some  learned  Man  shall  evre  Wednesdaie 
&  fridaie  duringe  the  whole  yere  reade  a  lecture  in  owre  Churche 
the  same  lecture  to  begynne  at  v  of  the  clock  in  the  afternoone, 
&  ende  at  Six  of  the  Clocke.  This  however  to  be  kept  from  our 
Ladye  daie  in  March  untill  Mychelmas  daie,  and  from  Mychelmas 
to  our  Ladye  daie,  the  same  readinge  to  begyn  at  fowre  of  the  Clock 
and  to  ende  at  fyve.  And  the  said  Mr  Barbor  to  have  for  his 
paines  xx  markes  by  the  yere  to  be  paid  hym  Quarterly e,  the 
biggest  bell  to  be  knolled  by  the  Sexton  one  Quarter  of  an  howre 
before  the  Lector. 

It  is  also  agread  that  there  shalbe  convenient  railes  and 
benches  wth  matts  uppon  them  set  in  the  chancell  for  them  that 


Vestries,  A.D.  1576-8.  107 

shall  receave  the  communyon  to  kneele  and  rest  uppon  after  such 
order  as  it  is  at  S1  Magnus. 

It  is  also  agreed  that  the  Organes  and  the  scaffblde  they  stande 
on  shalbe  taken  downe. 

It  is  also  agreed  that  the  two  upper  steppes  where  the  Alters 
did  stande  shalbe  taken  awaie  and  made  levell  with  the  third  stepp 
ymediatelie  after  Easter. 

The  last  daie  of  Septembre  a°  1576. 

It  is  agread  that  Willm  Donne  the  Sexton  shall  have  for  his 
paynes  takinge  more  then  he  was  wont  to  doo,  by  reason  of  our 
lecture  vis  viiitf?  the  yere  begynnynge  at  Mydsomer  last  a  1576. 

A  Vestry  holden  the  vth  daie  of  Octobre  beynge  the  first 
Sondaie  after  Mychelmas  daie  1578. 

Item.  Yf  anye  of  the  parishe  will  buy  the  Organes  betwene 
thys  and  Alhallow  daie  next,  thaye  to  have  them  before  any  other 
gevinge  as  the  Church  Wardens  and  he  can  agree,  and  yf  none  of 
the  parishe  do  betwene  this  and  hollandtyde  buye  them  as  afore 
sayd  then  the  Church  Wardens  after  the  sayed  daie  to  sell  them 
as  they  can  for  the  benefit  of  the  parishe. 

Item.  The  old  roape  to  be  soulde  by  the  Church  Wardens 
and  a  comlye  clothe  to  be  boughte  for  the  pulpitt. 

Item  for  parishe  clarke  ytt  ys  agreyd  that  Robert  Austyn  shall 
serve  for  thys  yere  ensuying  and  so  long  after  as  ytt  shall  please 
the  parishe,  and  to  have  for  his  wage  thys  yere  four  pounds  from 
Mychellmas  laste  and  the  orddnarye  proffytts. 

The  xxvi  of  October  1578. 

At  a  Vestry e  holden  this  daie  tthat  there  shalbe  a  petition 
made  unto  the  Governors  of  Chrysts  Hospitall  for  to  receave  a 
chylde  of  Elizabeth  Brownes  wh  Elizabeth  was  borne  in  thys 
parishe  and  her  parents  wear  of  long  contynuans  therein  and  yf 
the  sayed  chylde  may  be  relieved  in  the  sayed  hospitall,  the  said 
parish  wyll  take  order  for  relievyng  of  the  sayed  Elizabeth  who  wth 
her  chylde  are  in  sutche  extreme  poverty ethattyf  she  and  her  chylde 
have  nott  present  helpe  they  are  lyke  bothe  to  dye  in  the  streets 

[The  Vestry  Records  between  1578  and  1676  are  lost.] 
1676.  May  4.     Proposed  by  Thomas  Williamson,  Upper  Church  Warden. 
That  there  be  a  Register  Book  wherein  may  be  registered  the 
Parish  Accounts,  the  Gifts,  Legacies,  Bonds,  &c. 


108  Vestries,  A.D.  1676-82. 

That  there  be  appointed  a  Chest  to  remain  in  the  Vestry,  with 
three  locks  and  keys,  wherein  the  Register  Books  and  Books  of 
Accounts,  and  Bonds  and  other  writings  shall  be  kept.  Ordered. 

That  some  fitt  person  be  desired  to  peruse  the  writings  now  in  the 
Vestry,  that  gifts,  and  legacies,  and  other  rights  may  be  discovered. 

That  the  Vestry  will  be  pleased  to  appoint  where  the  Church 
Plate  shall  be  kept,  that  the  Church  Warden  may  not  be  damnified. 
Ordered.  That  Mr  Williamson  shall  keep  the  Church  Plate  at 
his  own  house  without  any  detriment  upon  any  casualty. 

1676.  December  15.     That  three  keys  be  bought  for  the  Chest 
and  the  Deputy  to  have  one,  and  the  Upper  Church  Warden  one, 
Mr  Westcomb  one,  and  when  they  are  fixed,  the  bonds  and  all  other 
things  thereunto  belonging  be  putt  into  it. 

1677.  December  17.      That  the  interest  for  the  100J.  left  by  Mr  Adam 
Lawrence  twenty  years  since  for  charitable  use  and  still  remaining 
in  the  hands  of  Sir  John  Lawrence  the  Executor  to  Mr  Adam 
Lawrence  be  refered  to  the  generosity  of  Sir  John  Lawrence  to 
give  such  sums  of  money  as  he  shall  think  fitting  for  the  damage 
thereof  for  these  twenty  years  past. 

1678.  April  12.     That  Mr  Pelling  shall  have  ten  shillings  a  sermon  for 
all  the  gift  sermons,  that  is  to  say,  the  two  sermons  of  Mr  Pryor 
and  the  one  of  Mr  ffenner. 

That  if  Mr  Lemm  doth  not  within  a  months  time  give  Mr 
Pelling  satisfaction  for  the  Vault  he  lately  made  in  the  Church 
Yard  (the  property  thereof  lying  in  the  said  E.  Pelling  as  his  glebe) 
and  order  a  Tombe  or  Gravestone  to  be  desently  layd  according  to 
the  good  likeinge  of  the  Church  Wardens,  that  then  the  said 
Vault  shall  be  filled  up  with  earth  and  all  things  to  be  as  they 
were  before. 

September  27.  That  the  Church  Wardens  do  wait  on  the 
Dean  and  Chapter  of  S*  Pauls,  and  acquaint  them  with  the  present 
vacancy  (Mr  Pelling  having  left  the  parish)  and  to  pray  them  for 
to  admit  the  inhabitants  to  nominate  a  Minister  to  them  for  their 
approbation  and  choice. 

November  11.  Mr  Hesketh  chosen  Minister  having  18  votes 
out  of  21. 

1679.  February  26.     That  Mr  Hesketh  shall  have  £20  given   (him)    by 
this  Vestry,  in  consideration  of  the  loss  in  subscription. 

1682.  March  29.     Twenty  shillings  be  paid  to  Mr  Houghton  the  Registrar 


Vestries,  A.D.  1683-9.  109 

of  Sfc  Pauls,  for  the  draughts  of  the  leases  that  were  formerly  made 
for  two  parcels  of  ground  in  the  Church  Yard,  to  build  upon. 
1683.  December  22.  Upon  the  proposal  by  Mr  Hesketh  for  the  setting 
up  of  an  Organ  in  the  Church,  he  giving  encouragement  to  hope 
that  it  may  be  purchased,  and  sett  up  without  diminishing  the 
stock  of  the  parish  :  The  parishioners  in  Vestry  declare  their 
consent  to  the  setting  up  of  an  Organ  as  is  proposed.  And  they 
doe  order  a  Comittee  of  the  Parish  to  treat  with  Mr  Hesketh  upon 
all  occasions  about  the  sayd  Organ,  and  to  conclude  the  whole 
matter  relating  to  it,  if  they  find  good  cause,  and  if  any  obstruction 
happen  in  the  same  to  consult  the  Vestry  for  their  further  Order 
what  to  doe.  The  Gentlemen  appointed  for  the  said  Comittee  are 
these  that  follow  :  — 


I  Church  Wardens. 
Baker      J 

Paige,  Coventry,  Shutt, 
ffinch,  Izard,  or  any  five  of  them. 

1684.  April  3.     That  no  more  than  ffifty  shillings  shall  be  allowed  by  the 
Parish  to  be  spent  upon  Ascension  days. 

1685.  December  18.     That  a  doore  bee  made  to  the  street  goinge  into 
Whyt  Horse  Ally,  and  that  it  be  constantly  lockt  up,  when  it  shall 
be  dark,  at  the  charge  of  John  Gordon,  and  that  there  be  keys  for 
ye  severall  Inhabitants  livinge  therein. 

1686.  January  26.     Joseph  Lem  deceased  Executor  had  leave  to  lay  a 
gravestone  on  him  in  the  Church  Yard. 

1687.  June  1.     Lease  for  25  years  to  Mr.  Curke  to  build  his  house  in 
Bishopsgate  Street  at  £8  pr  annum.  N°  48. 

December  30.  Robert  Mulcaster  elected  Parish  Clerk  with 
the  consent  and  approbation  of  the  Minister. 

1688.  November  21.     Gate  next  S*  Mary  Axe  repaired  at  the  parish 
charge. 

February  15.  The  question  being  put,  Whether  upon  the  death 
of  Mr  John  Mead  late  Church  Warden  (Upper)  another  should  be 
chosen  in  his  place.  It  was  ordered,  That  none  shall  be  chosen 
before  Easter. 

1689.  May  7.     That  the  Church  Wardens  for  the  tyme  to  come  charge 
the   parish   only  with  £10   for  the  Ascension  Dinner,   and  they 
give  the  parish  creditt  for  the  halfcrowns  they  receive  of  the 


110  Vestries,  A.D.  1689-91. 

Parishioners   contributed  by  them   towards   the  expense  of  the 
dinner. 

That  in  consideration  of  the  great  charge  Mr  Kirk  hath  been 
at,  in  defending  the  right  of  the  parish  in  obtaining  a  stack  of 
chimneys  encroached  on  by  Mr  Bateman  being  the  next  house 
adjoining,  they  had  conditioned  to  ad  to  his  lease  25  years  more. 

1689.  October  28.     That  the  charge  of  covering  the   graves   shall  be 
discharged  by  the  friends  or  executors  of  the  deceased,  and  not  to 
be  at  ye  charge  of  the  parish,  and  that  intimation  be  given  to  the 
relations  or  executors  whereby  they  may  not  pretend  for  want  of 
notice. 

That  the  present  Church  Wardens  provide  in  this  Vacancy  of  a 
Minister,  such  able  Ministers  to  preach  at  the  charge  of  the 
parish  as  the  Church  Wardens  shall  think  fitt,  and  that  the  sever  all 
parishioners  then  present  were  contented  to  pay  their  subscriptions 
for  this  Crissmas  Quarter  which  was  to  the  late  Mr  Hesketh 
towards  the  discharge  of  the  same. 

December  6.  Mr  Hesketh's  letter  being  read  :  It  was  agreed 
for  a  subscription  and  every  one  to  subscribe  whereby  a  competent 
sum  may  be  raised  for  a  subsistence  for  him,  that  he  may-be  induced 
to  preach  constantly  and  remain  Vicar  of  the  parish  of  S*  Helens. 

December  23.  That  a  subscription  be  made  for  the  Bishop  of 
Killally  for  one  year,  provided  that  he  is  pleased  so  long  to  reside 
with  us. 

That  Mr  Paige,  Mr  ffoot,  Mr  Allen,  and  Mr  Coventry 
Church  Warden  doe  wait  on  the  Bishop  of  Killally  to  acquaint  him 
that  Mr  Hesketh  is  contented  that  he  shall  supply  the  cure  during 
his  residence  in  the  parish  of  S*.  Helens  and  receive  all  the  profitts. 

1690.  April  11.     That  the  surplus  which  was  collected  in  the  last  Xmas 
Quarter  towards  supplying  the  cure  as  also  the  other  rents  &c.  due 
to  the  Vicar,  be  given  to  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Killalla  towards  the 
charge  of  a  Reader. 

April  24.  The  Eight  Reverend  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Killalla  our 
Minister  Chairman. 

October  6.  That  all  strangers  that  shall  come  to  bury  in  Sfc 
Helen's  Church  or  Church  Yard,  that  before  ever  the  grave  be 
made,  they  shall  pay  double  dues  to  the  Clerk  or  upon  refusal  of 
the  same  they  shall  not  bury  their  corpse  here. 

1691.  April  28.     That  Mr  Coventry   doe  pay   to  the   Lord  Bishop   of 


Vestries,  A.D.  1691-4.  Ill 

Killalla  out  of  the  parish  money  in  his  hands  the  sum  of  twenty 
pounds  for  a  year's  allowance  due  from  the  impropriator  Mrffreeman 
as  by  a  decree  in  chancery  and  the  said  impropriator  to  be  charged 
therewith,  as  also  for  a  quarter's  allowance  more  due  from  him 
at  Christmas  last,  and  the  Church  Wardens  makedem-and  thereof. 

1 1691.  August  13.  That  fifteen  pounds  be  given  unto  my  Lord 
Bishop  of  Clogher1*  as  his  dues  from  Cap1  ffreeman  and  three 
pounds  as  a  gratuity  besydes. 

December  18.     Mr  Hesketh  presided. 

,1692.  June  29.     Legacy  of  £20  from  Mr.  Paige. 

April  1.  That  Mr  Charnack  shall  have  power  to  reimburs 
Mr  Joseph  Lewis  his  five  pounds  seven  shillings  six  pence,  given 
by  him  to  be  excused  from  being  Churchwarden. 

1 1694.  January  23.  That  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  St.  Paul's,  having  on 
the  20th  day  of  January  sent  for  the  Churchwardens  and  acquainted 
them  that  Mr  Henry  Hesketh  had  resigned  the  Vicaridge  of  S 
Hellens  into  their  hands  and  that  the  place  was  voide,  and  the 
Church  Wardens  as  was  usuall  having  desired  leave  for  the 
parishioners  to  recommend  and  choose  a  person  to  be  admitted  by 
them  for  their  Minister,  and  leave  being  granted  for  the  parishioners 
to  proceed  to  an  election,  accordingly  on  this  day,  in  a  full  Vestry 
called  for  that  purpose,  Dr  John  Williams  and  Mr  Thomas  Willis 

(being  put  in  nomination,  Mr  Thomas  Willis  had  the  majority  by 
about  fifty  persons. 

March  29.  That  the  Church  Wardens'  accounts  be  audited 
within  three  months  after  his  time  is  out  at  furthest. 

Warder's  Coat  not  to  exceed  30s. 

May  24.  That  it  be  a  standing  rule  at  all  times  to  be  observed, 
that  the  Orders  agreed  upon  in  any  Vestry  shall  be  read  over  at 
the  opening  of  the  next  Vestry,  and  that  no  order  made  in  any 
Vestry  shall  be  binding  or  valid  without  it  be  in  the  next  suc- 
ceeding Vestry  ratified  and  confirmed. 

That  the  Engine  be  brought  into  the  Church,  and  that  the  old 
Engine  House  be  pulled  down  for  the  better  accommodation  in 
burying  the  dead. 


*  Bichard  Tennison,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Clogher,  became  Bishop  of  Killala 
and  Achonry,  Feb.  18th,  1681-2,  was  translated  to  Clogher,  Feb.  26,  1690-1, 
and  to  Meath,  June  25th,  1697 ;  he  died  July  29th,  1705.— Cotton's  Fasti 
Eccl.  Hibern.,  vol.  iii.  p.  80 ;  vol.  iv.  pp.  71-2, 120.  Ed.  Dublin,  1848-51. 


112  Vestries,  A.D.  1694-6. 

That  the  Inhabitants  on  the  north  side  of  the  Churchyard 
have  liberty  at  their  own  charges  (that  Vail  being  to  be  pulled  down) 
to  build  a  wall  and  pallisadoes,  provided  they  come  no  further 
with  the  foundation  wall  than  the  first  row  of  trees  upon  the 
Churchyard. 
1694.  May  30.  The  above  standing  order  was  unanimously  confirmed. 

December  18.  That  the  Comon  Counsellmen,  with  the  two 
Church  Wardens,  do  se  the  parish  wrightings  brought  and  put 
into  the  chest  in  the  Vestry,  and  that  they  doe  inspect  and  examen 
the  same. 

1696.  March  28.  That  Mr  William  Goodwin  have  leave  to  make  use  of 
the  ground  where  the  Stocks  now  stand  for  a  conveniency  to  work 
in  during  the  pleasure  of  the  parish,  leaving  the  same  when 
required  as  he  found  it. 

April  17.  A  Motion  was  made  and  negatived,  that  one  Mr 
Armstrong,  who  is  building  a  piece  of  ground  in  the  street  by  S* 
Helen's  Gate,  is  willing  to  purchase  at  an  annual  rent  and  present 
fine,  the  place  where  the  Bells  hang  over  S*  Helen's  Gate. 

That  for  the  time  to  come,  no  Church  Warden  shall,  upon  any 
one  extraordinary  occasion,  disburse  above  the  sum  of  40s.  upon 
the  Parish  account  without  the  consent  of  the  Parishioners  first 
consulted  with  in  Vestry  in  order  to  it. 

That  for  the  future  the  Church  Warden  do  sumon  the  Parish- 
ioners to  the  Vestry  to  be  consulted  with  once  in  two  months  at 
least,  and  as  much  oftner  as  he  please  and  see  fitting,  And  that 
whenever  the  Parishioners  are  so  sumoned  printed  ticketts  be  left 
at  every  person's  house  intimating  the  time  when  that  Vestry  is  to 
be  holden,  the  day  before  it  is  held. 

April  20.  That  the  Parish  should  admit  of  a  fine  for  the 
service  of  the  office  of  Churchwarden.  ' 

That  the  fine  for  Churchwarden  and  Overseer  of  the  Poor  shall 
be  £30. 

That  Mr.  Hob1  ffoot,  Churchwarden  elected,  shall  not  be 
allowed  a  deputy. 

April  28.  That  Mr.  Rob*  ffoot  shall  pay  £20  for  a  fine 
for  Churchwarden  and  Overseer  of  the  Poor,  or  else  he  shall 
be  confined  to  hold  itt  himself,  and  the  said  moneys  shall  be 
appropriated  to  the  repare  of  the  Church. 

That  the  Steeple  over  against  Sfc  Hellen's  Gate  be  lett  by  lease 


Vestries,  A.D.  1696.  113 

at  the  discretion  of  a  Committee   (there  named),  with  power  to 
treat  and  conclude  with  Mr.  Armstrong  concerning  it. 
1696.  May  8.      Mr.    Churchwarden    Woods    acquainted    this   Vestry 
that  Mr.  Rob*  ffoote,  Churchwarden  Elect,  had  paid  him  the  fine 
of  £20  for  that  office  which  was  set  on  him  by  the  last  Vestry. 

Mr.  John  Woolfe  was  then  chosen  in  his  stead. 

May  15.  Mr.  John  Wolf,  Churchwarden  Elect,  appeared  and 
submitted  to  the  fine  of  £20  for  that  office,  which  being  accepted, 
the  Vestry  proceeded  to  a  new  Election. 

Mr.  Dan  Allen  was  then  chosen. 

May  22.  Mr.  Churchwarden  Woods  acquainted  the  Vestry 
that  Mr.  D.  Allen,  Churchwarden  Elect,  had  pd  his  ffine  of  £20  for 
ye  sd  office  according  to  a  former  order  of  Vestry  for  admitting 
Gentlemen  to  fine  for  the  office  of  Churchwarden  and  Overseer  of 
the  poor.  Mr.  Abraham  Chitty  was  then  chosen,  who  being 
present  submitted  to  the  fine  of  £20,  and  Mr.  Churchwarden 
Woods  acknowledged  the  receipt  of  it. 

That  the  Gentlemen  who  have  already  or  hereafter  shall  pay 
yc  fine  of  £20  for  the  Office  of  Overseer  of  the  Poor  and  Church- 
warden shall  have  the  liberty  to  pay  a  ffine  of  £10  for  the  Office 
of  Constable  and  Scavenger  when  it  comes  to  their  turn,  and  that 
no  other  persons  thall  have  the  same  liberty. 

That  Mr.  Abraham  Chittey  having  paid  his  ffine  of  £20  for  the 
Office  of  Overseer  of  ye  Poor  and  Churchwarden,  this  Vestry  do 
proceed  immediately  to  the  choice  of  a  new  Churchwarden. 

Mr.  ffrancis  Benzelin  being  chosen  submitted  to  the  ffine  of 
£20,  and  Mr.  Churchwarden  Woods  acknowledged  the  receipt 
of  it. 

That  Mr.  ffrancis  Benzelin  having  paid  his  ffiue  of  £20  for  the 
office  of  Overseer  of  the  Poor  and  Churchwarden,  this  Vestry  do 
proceed  immediately  to  ye  choice  of  a  new  Churchwarden. 

Mr.  ffrancis  Eyles  was  then  chosen. 

May  25.  Mr.  Churchwarden  Woods  acquainted  the  Vestry 
that  Mr.  ffrancis  Eyles  had  paid  his  ffine  of  £20  for  the  said 
office. 

Mr.  Edm  Prideaux  was  then  chosen. 

That  the  Gentlemen  following,  or  any  three  of  them,  ye 
Churchwarden  being  one,  doe  wait  upon  the  Gentlemen  after- 
named,  to  know  what  they  please  to  give  towards  the  repair  of  the 

i 


114  Vestries,  A.D.  1696. 

Church  in  order  to  their  being  excused  fr5  ye  office  of  Overseer 
of  ye  Poor  and  Churchwarden. 

Committee  of  eight  persons,  with  a  list  of  twenty  others  who 
are  to  be  waited  upon  for  the  above  purpose. 

1696.  June  3.    The  agreement  between  the  Parishioners  of  S*  Helen's 
and  Mr  Armstrong  of  S*  Margaret's,  Westminster,  Gent. 

It  is  agreed  by  and  between  the  Church  Wardens  and 
Parishioners  of  S1  Helen's,  London,  and  Thomas  Armstrong, 
that  he,  the  said  Thomas  Armstrong,  upon  paying  to  ye  Church 
Warden  ye  sum  of  One  Hundred  Pounds,  and  taking  down  the 
Bells,  Wheels,  and  Hopes  in  the  Bellfrey,  and  delivering  them  safe 
and  sound  into  ye  parish  church  of  S*  Helen's,  at  his  own  charge, 
shall  have  a  lease  of  ye  said  Bellfrey  for  Sixty  One  Years,  to 
comence  from  Michaelmas  next,  at  ye  yearly  rent  of  Ten  Shillings 
payable  annually  at  ye  Church  Warden's  House,  and  it  is  agreed 
that  ye  passage  shall  not  be  made  any  narrower  than  now  it  is, 
or  any  lower  than  ye  passage  going  into  Crosby  Square  is  between 
ye  pavement  and  ceiling,  or  brestsumer,  and  that  he  the  said 
Armstrong  pave  ye  passage  under  ye  said  gateway,  and  keep  the 
same  so  paved  at  his  charge,  and  to  the  chanel  in  the  street. 

Thomas  Woods.     George  Bodington.     Abraham  Chittey. 
Clement  Kettle.     Tho.  Hawes.  George  Heath. 

Robert  Charnock.      Rich.  Bromley. 

The  passage  is  to  be  eight  ffoot,  two  inches  and  a  quarter  of 
an  inch  wide  measuring  the  front  to  the  street  from  inside  to 
inside ;  and  eight  ffoot  three  inches  and  half  an  inch  wide 
measuring  ye  back  part  towards  Sl  Helen's ;  and  ten  ffoot  and 
eight  inches  high  from  the  under  side  of  ye  Brest  Sumer  to  ye 
pavement. 

Mr.  Willis  the  Vicar,  and  Mr.  Edmund  Prideaux  were  then 
added  to  the  Comittee  and  Ordered,  That  all  the  Gentlemen  of 
the  Comittee  sign  the  Lease  when  to  be  signed  by  Mr. 
Armstrong. 

June  18.  That  the  Vault  wherein  Sir  John  Spencer  was  buryed 
(the  Earl  of  Northampton  taking  no  care  for  the  repayre  of  it)  be 
appropriated  to  the  use  of  ye  Parish. 

That  three  of  the  four  Bells  delivered  into  the  Church  by  Mr 
Armstrong  be  sold  towards  the  repayre  of  ye  Church,  and  the  best 
of  the  four  to  be  kept  for  the  use  of  ye  Parish. 


Vestries,  A.D.  1696-f  115 

That  Iron  Pallisadoes  be  made  round  ye  Churchyard  by  the 
Parishioners  living  thereabouts  if  they  please  without  any  charge 
to  the  Parish,  like  to  those  of  Allhallows  Church  Yard  in  Lombard 
Street,  and  to  be  painted  in  oyle  colours  once  in  three  years. 
1696.  June  20.  The  Parishioners  living  near  the  Churchyard  were 
to  have  six  months  time  to  consider  and  resolve  in,  whether  they 
will  be  at  the  charge  of  the  Iron  Pallisadoes  or  not. 

That  the  Minister  and  Churchwardens  be  requested  and  desired 
to  search  the  Court  Rolls  of  Kennington  Manners,  in  the  County 
of  Surrey,  at  the  Parish  charge,  in  order  to  the  discovery  of  a 
Gift  some  time  since  to  our  Parish  by  Joyce  Featly,  wife  of  the 
late  Dr.  ffeatly  of  Lambeth,  and  which  has  not  yet  been  paid. 

At  a  Meeting  held  Oct.  8,  1696,  It  was  agreed  that  Sir 
Christopher  Wren  be  consulted  about  the  repairs  of  the  Church, 
and  the  Parliament  be  petitioned  for  an  Act  to  repair  the  Church. 

July  8.  A  Comittee  chosen  to  assist  the  Church  Wardens  with 
their  councell,  advice,  and  directions  in  the  repayre  of  the  Church. 

Dec.  17.  A  report  being  made  that  the  lease  of  Mr.  Cropper's 
dwelling  house  was  near  expired,  a  Committee  was  appointed  to 
enquire  into  the  lease  of  ye  said  Mr.  Cropper's  House,  and  to  make 
report  thereof  to  ye  next  Vestry,  and  to  view  ye  said  House  and 
consider  how  it  may  for  ye  future  be  best  lett  for  the  service  of  ye 
parish. 

Dec.  18.  That  Mr.  Williams  shall  have  liberty  to  lay  a  Tomb- 
stone upon  his  ffather's  grave  even  to  the  pavement,  gratis.  But  in 
opposition  to  this  order  it  was  alledged  that  Mr.  Williams  was 
willing  to  give  Ten  Pounds  to  the  Parish.  However,  carried  in 
ye  affirmative  that  he  may  lay  one  gratis  if  he  please, 
ffeb.  7.  That  an  humble  petition  be  presented  to  the  Honour- 
able House  of  Comons  for  some  allowance  out  of  ye  duty  to  be 
laid  on  coals  towards  ye  finishing  the  repairs  of  St.  Helen's 
Church,  and  that  those  of  the  parishioners  that  are  not  now  present 
to  sign  the  said  petition  this  day  be  waited  on  at  their  respective 
houses  in  order  to  their  signing  of  it.  ...  The  Minister 
and  Church  Wardens,  with  seven  other  inhabitants,  be  desired  to 
go  with  the  petition  to-morrow  morning  to  the  Parliament 
House  and  take  care  it  be  presented. 

March  4.  A  Lease  of  the  House  lately  occupied  by  Mr. 
Tho"  Cropper  was  agreed  to  be  granted  to  Mr.  Nathaniel 


116  Vestries,  A.D.  1697. 

Chewier  for  twenty-one  years  at  £30  per  annum  Rent,  and  a 
present  ffine  of  £50,  and  not  to  let  it  to  a  Tallow  Chandler,  a 
Cook,  a  Victualler,  a  Blacksmith,  or  a  Baker. 

Mr  Nathaniel  Chewter  paid  Mr  Church  Warden  Woods  ffive 
shillings  in  part  of  the  ffivety  pounds  ffine  which  he  acknowledged 
the  receipt  of. 

1697.  April  20.  A  Committee  was  appointed  To  audit  the  accounts 
of  the  Church  Wardens  whose  accounts  are  not  yet  audited,  and 
the  ensuing  year  are  to  be  so. 

That  an  Inventory  be  taken  of  all  Plate,  Books,  or  other  things 
belonging  to  the  parish  of  S1  Helens,  and  that  it  be  entered  in 
ye  parish  book  where  the  Church  Wardens  Accounts  are  entered, 
and  that  every  New  Church  Warden  upon  receipt  of  them  sub- 
scribe his  name  to  ye  said  inventory. 

May  20.  That  a  rate  of  Six  Pence  in  ye  pound  on  Houses  in 
ye  pari&h  of  S*  Helens  be  raised  in  order  to  the  finishing  ye  re- 
payres  of  ye  Church  and  that  ye  Assessment  be  according  to  ye 
present  rates  of  ye  several  Houses  in  the  King's  Tax,  and  that  ye 
moneys  so  to  be  raised  be  paid  by  ye  parishioners  to  ye  Church 
Warden  before  ye  ffeast  of  S*  John  Baptist  next. 

June  5.  That  Mr  Thomas  Woods  late  Church  Warden  having 
been  oft  called  upon  to  adjust  his  Accounts  with  ye  parish  as 
Church  Warden  for  ye  year  last  past,  and  not  having  yet  done  it, 
do  gett  his  said  accounts  ready  to  be  audited  by  ye  first  day  of 
July  next,  or  else  be  prosecuted  for  not  doing  so  by  ye  present 
Church  Warden  in  ye  behalf  of  the  parish. 

July  23.  The  accounts  not  being  audited,  the  Church  War- 
den was  ordered  to  prefer  a  Bill  in  Chancery  if  they  are  not 
brought  in  before  the  2  day  of  August. 

December  16.  That  the  Church  Warden  do  provide  a  Coat 
for  the  Warder  and  pay  for  it  not  exceeding  forty  shillings. 

The  Auditors  reported  that  they  had  examined  the  accounts  of 
Mr  Hardy  and  Mr  Woods  late  Church  Wardens  and  find  that  the 
sum  of  Twenty  Nine  Pounds  and  Two  Pence  is  due  to  Mr  Hardy 
and  that  the  sum  of  fforty  Pounds  is  due  to  the  parish  from 
Mr  Woods.  Ordered.  That  the  sum  of  fforty  Pounds  be  paid 
presently  by  Mr  Woods,  or  that  the  present  Church  Warden  take 
care  to  recover  it  at  the  parish  charge,  and  that  Mr  Hardy  be 
paid  out  of  the  same  money  when  it  is  received. 


Vestries,  A.D.  16974-  J37 

1697.  December  18.     That    Mr    Nath1  Chewter    doth  give    his    Note 
for  the  payment  of  £20  in  six  months  time  to  ye  Churchwarden 
for  a  fine  to  be  excused  from  serving  the  office  of  Churchwarden 
and  Overseer  of  the  Poor  which  he  complied  with  accordingly. 

That  Mr  Nath1  Chewter  do  pay  to  ye  Churchwarden  Prideaux 
next  weeke  the  sum  of  Ten  Pounds  for  a  fine  in  excusing  him 
from  ye  office  of  Constable  and  Scavenger  for  ye  year  ensuing. 

1698.  April  28.     A  Petition  of  Mr  Robert  Mulcaster  ye  Parish  Clerk 
was  presented  to  ye  Vestry  and  read,  praying  he  might  have  an 
yearly  salary  settled  on  him  for  executing  ye   said  office.     The 

consideration  of  which  was  referred  to  the  next  Vestry No 

further — appears  to  have  been  taken  upon  it. 

December  16.  That  the  Gates  of  S*  Hellens  towards  S*  Mary 
Axe  be  kept  and  repayred,  and  that  the  present  Churchwardens 
doe  desire  Mr  Jones  to  repair  the  same,  and  in  default  thereof,  to 
prosecute  the  same  at  ye  charge  of  ye  parish. 

169f,  January  19.  That  it  be  a  standing  rule  that  the  Bricklayer  shall 
have  five  Shillings  for  every  grave  in  ye  Church,  he  keeping  the 
pavement  levell,  and  the  lies  whole,  and  that  at  the  end  of  every 
year  before  his  bill  be  paid  the  whole  pavement  be  viewed  by  the 
Comon  Councellmen  and  Churchwardens.  This  standing  order  to 
be  fairly  written  and  hung  up  in  the  Vestry. 

January  25.  A  Motion  was  made  that  a  Watchman  should 
be  kept  at  the  parish  Charge  at  S*  Helen's  Gate  leading  to  S* 
Mary  Ax.  Referred  to  another  vestry. 

April  13.  That  for  ye  futer  all  uper  Churchwardens  give  one 
hundred  pounds  security  within  fourteen  days  after  he  is  elected 
to  some  person  of  ye  parish  who  shall  be  appointed  to  receive 
and  keep  ye  said  bond  and  to  deliver  up  ye  said  bond  again  to  ye 
obleidged  when  his  accounts  are  audited  and  ajusted. 

That  a  Book  be  provided  in  which  shall  be  entered  an  Inven- 
tory of  all  the  Wrightings,  Plate,  and  other  Movables  belonging 
to  the  Church  and  Parish  ye  which  Book  for  ye  futer  shall  be 
delivered  to  all  succeeding  Churchwardens  for  the  time  being. 

April  25.  That  Mr  Decosta  do  pay  as  a  fine  for  all  Offices 
both  of  ye  Parish  and  Ward,  Twenty  Five  Pounds,  by  reason  he 
has  given  warning  to  go  out  of  his  house  at  Michaelmass  next  and 
yl  he  gave  a  Noate  of  his  hand  to  pay  the  said  sum  immediately. 

That  the  Belfry  and  Church  be  repaired  and  a  Bell  hung  up 


118  Vestries,  A.D.  1699. 

to  give  notice  of  Burials,  and  that  ye  Common  Councell  Men  be 
desired  to  assist  the  Churchwardens  in  the  same. 

1699.  August  9.      That   Mr  Heath  yc  Churchwarden    have  a  Key   to 
ye  Church ;  y*  he  may  at  any  time  come  at  ye  Engine. 

August  88.  A  Vault  being  designed  to  be  made  in  ye  Chan- 
cell  for  a  burying  place  for  Mr  Joseph  Jones  of  this  parish  and 
his  family  by  ye  sole  order  of  Mr  Tho  Willis  the  present  Minister 
without  ye  knowledge  or  approbation  of  ye  parishioners,  and  a 
debate  ensuing  thereon  the  question  was  put  ....  Whether  the 
Minister  of  this  parish  has  a  right  to  dispose  of  ye  ground  in  ye 
Chancell  to  make  a  Vault  and  appropriate  it  to  particular  persons 
without  ye  consent  of  ye  parishioners  assembled  in  ye  Vestry,  and 
it  was  carried  that  ye  Minister  has  no  such  right. 

September  1.  Mr  Thomas  Willis,  Minister  of  this  Parish  appear- 
ing at  the  Vestry,  and  desiring  the  consent  of  this  Vestry  that 
Mr  Joseph  Jones  might  build  a  Vault  in  ye  Chancell  for  himself 

and  family Ordered.     That  upon  Mr  Willis  his  request, 

this  Vestry  doe  consent  Mr  Jones  may  build  a  Vault  in  ye  Chan- 
cell,  provided  he  satisfy  Mr  Willis  and  for  ye  future  at  all  tymes 
he  keep  ye  pews  and  pavement  over  ye  said  vault  in  good  and 
sufficient  repair. 

Mem.  Sir  Tho  Pinfold,  Ordinary  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of 
S*  Pauls  on  ye  15  of  December  following  this  vestry  viewed  the 
abovesaid  Vault  after  it  was  made,  and  then  told  Mr  Willis 
that  he  nor  any  Vicar  of  S*  Helens  had  a  right  of  appropriating 
any  part  of  ye  ground  of  ye  Church  or  ye  Chancell  to  any  person 
or  family. 

November  16.  Upon  ye  request  of  ye  President,  Governours 
&  Assistants  of  ye  Corporation  for  ye  poor  of  ye  City  of  London  to 
ye  Parishioners  of  this  Parish ;  that  they  would  grant  a  place  in 
ye  Church  for  their  Servants  and  Children  to  sitt  together  in 
during  ye  tyme  of  divine  worship — Ordered  unanimously,  That 
the  President,  Governors  &  Assistants  of  ye  said  Corporation  shall 
have  a  convenient  part  of  ye  long  pews  on  ye  North  Side  of 
ye  Church,  for  ye  abovesaid  use,  Provided,  That  ye  Parish  be  not 
put  to  any  cost  or  charge,  and  that  ye  said  Governors  give  ye 
Parish  a  Covenant  under  their  Common  Seal  to  putt  ye  said  pews 
into  ye  same  condition  they  are  now  in,  if  hereafter  they  should 
discontinue  to  use  ye  same. 


Vestries,  A.D.  1699-1700.  119 

Be  it  remembered  y1  ye  Pewes  which  are  to  be  altered  are  in 
ye  same  fashion  as  those  are,  which  are  to  ye  Eastward  in  ye  same 
range ;  only  y1  they  are  in  three  divisions ;  a  passage  going  up 
between  those  two  divisions  next  ye  West  End  of  the  Church. 

1699.  December  15.     Upon  a  Motion  made   to    ascertain    ye   Church 
Wardens   Expenses    on   Publick    Entertainments   the   following 
Orders  were  unanimously  made  and  agreed  unto  and  ordered  to 
be  fairly  writt  and  hung  up  in  ye  Vestry.     Viz.  : 

That  all  the  parishioners  (paying  Scott  &  Lott)  be  invited 
twice  a  year  without  any  charge  or  contribution,  viz,  on  ye  first 
clean  Thursday  in  every  Lent  to  an  Entertainment  in  ye  Evening 
after  Sermon,  and  on  every  Ascension  Day  to  dinner. 

That  ye  Expenses  on  ye  said  Entertainment  in  Lent  do  not 
exceed  fforty  shillings. 

That  ye  Expenses  on  Ascension  Day  doe  not  exceed  Twelve 
Pounds,  and  yfc  ye  charge  of  ye  points,  Bread  and  Drink  ffor  ye 
Children  be  included  in  ye  said  Twelve  Pounds. 

1700.  January  3.     That  the  Church  Wardens,  with  yc  assistance  of  ye 
Common   Councellmen,   doe   forthwith  hang   up  ye  Gates  of  S* 
Helens  leading  into  Sfc  Mary  Axe,  or  upon  any  opposition  to  ye 
contrary,  take  such  course  at  law  as  shall  seem  proper. 

April  5.  A  Motion  being  made  by  Mr  Tho8  Willis,  our  Minister, 
y1  there  might  be  allowed  him  a  Reader  to  read  prayers,  the 
matter  was  referred  to  ye  next  Vestry. 

The  order  of  Vestry  of  ye  13th  of  Aprill,  1699,  being  read, 
importing  that  for  ye  future  all  Upper  Church  Wardens  shall  give 
One  Hundred  Pounds  security,  Ordered,  That  for  ye  future  ye 
Upper  Church  Warden  Elect  doe  give  such  Bond  of  One  Hundred 
Pounds,  and  lodge  in  ye  hands  of  some  one  Inhabitant  of  ye  Parish 
apointed  by  ye  Vestry,  before  he  be  presented  at  Doctors  Commons 
to  be  sworn. 

That  Mr  John  Hanbury,  Upper  Church  Warden  elect,  doe  give 
a  Bond  of  Security  as  above,  and  deliver  it  (to  be  kept)  into  ye 
hands  of  Mr  Geo.  Boddington. 

June  4.  That  the  sum  of  fforty  shillings  be  payd  towards  de- 
fraying the  charges  of  ye  suit  against  Giles  Hall,  watchman,  by  Mr 
Graham,  and  at  ye  Sessions  against  ye  said  Graham  and  Turner  ye 
sayd  Watchman's  charges  there  also  disbursed  and  payd. 

September  20.     Mr  Bromley,  Constable  of  this  precinct,  com- 


120  Vestries,  A.D.  1700-1. 

plained  that  ye  Parish  was  taxed  to  ye  Watchmen  double  to  what 
is  paid  to  them,  and  ye  remainder  sunk  or  converted  to  other  uses, 
and  that  this  part  of  ye  "Ward  is  not  duly  watched  as  it  ought  to 
be.  A  Committee  was  appointed  to  enquire  into  the  same,  and 
report  thereon  to  the  next  Vestry. 

The  Churchwarden  also  reported  that,  according  to  the  Order 
of  Vestry,  he  had  sett  up  the  Gates  in  that  part  of  S*  Helens 
leading  to  Sl  Mary  Axe,  and  put  locks  on  the  same  for  ye  use  of 
ye  Parish,  and  that  Mr  Joseph  Jones,  though  he  had  a  key  of  ye 
same  delivered  to  him,  break  off  ye  said  Lock  in  contempt  of  ye 
order. 

That  the  Church  Wardens  procure  another  lock  and  put  on  ye 
said  Gates  in  the  room  of  those  thus  broken,  and  that  Mr  Church- 
Warden  Hanbrey  doe  goe  to  Mr  Joseph  Jones  and  acquaint  him 
that  if  he  please  to  pay  for  the  said  new  lock,  the  Parish  are  soe 
kind  as  to  pass  by  this  offence,  and  if  the  said  Jones  doe  refuse  to 
do  this,  the  said  Church  Warden  have  liberty  to  take  such  course 
at  law  against  the  said  Joseph  Jones  as  he  shall  be  advised. 

That  Knight  and  Jenkens  be  two  whole  bearers  for  the  buriall 
of  the  dead,  and  have  whole  pay,  and  that  the  other  four  be  at  the 
nomination  and  apointed  by  the  Clerk  and  Sexton,  and  if  it  so  at 
any  time  happen  that  there  be  but  two  bearers  employed,  that  the 
Clerk  and  Sexton  have  half  pay,  and  they  the  other  half. 

That  the  Minister  be  requested  for  to  bring  in  the  old 
Psalms,  that  they  may  be  sung  again  in  the  Church. 

1700.  December  18.      That  the  Church  Warden  do  pay  unto  Mr  Rob' 
Mulcaster  the  sum  of  Three  Pounds  towards  the  buying  him  a  fitt 
and  decent  gown,  provided  the  said  Rob1  Mulcaster  will  read  the 
severall  lines  of  ye  Psalms  to  be  publickly  sung,  before  they  are 
sung,  till  contradicted  by  Order  of  Vestry. 

1701.  April.     That  whereas  Dr  Fuller,  lately  deceased,  who  preached  the 
Winter  Lecture  in  S*  Helen's  Church  (viz. :  every  Tuesday  in  the 
evening  from  Mich8  to  Lady  Day  following)  being  the  gift  of  Sir 
Martin  Lumley.    It  was  moved  in  Vestry  by  the  Inhabitants  then 
there,  That  some  persons  of  the  sayd   Parish   should   be   nomi- 
nated to  goe  to  Sir  Martin  Lumley  and  make  application  to  him 
in  behalf  of  Mr  Willis,  present   Minister   of  this  parish,  to  be 
admitted  and  settled  to  preach  the  sayd  Lecture  Sermons  for  the 
future. 

That  Mr  Hanbury  be  the  Bricklayer  for  the  Parish  of  Sfc  Helen 


Vestries,  A.D.  1701.  121 

doing  the  work  as  is  expressed  in  the  Orders  hung  up  in  the 
Vestry,  at  reasonable  prices. 

1701.  April  17.  A  Bond  given  to  Mr  Heath,  late  Church  Warden, 
for  £7£  balance  due  to  him  from  the  Parish.  Signed  by  the 
present  Church  Wardens,  who  are  indemnified  by  the  Vestry. 

May  7.  A  Committee  appointed  to  wait  on  the  Impropriator  to 
acquaint  him  with  the  death  of  Mr  Willis,  the  late  Minister,  and 
inform  them  where  ye  right  of  presentation  is. 

That  for  the  future  at  all  Vestry s  ye  Minnits  that  are  taken 
be  read  and  agreed  to,  and  entered  in  the  same  words  afterwards 
in  the  Vestry  books  and  compared  with  the  minnits. 

May  10.  The  above  Committee  having  been  with  the  Impro- 
priator, reported  his  answer,  viz. :  That  ye  right  of  presentation  is 
in  him,  and  said  as  the  Parish  is  willing  to  let  him  quietly  possess 
his  right,  he  should  always  endeavour  to  gratify  the  Parish  in  their 
ancient  usages  of  electing  a  Minister. 

Votes  of  thanks  to  the  Committee,  and  their  charges,  £1  19$., 
allowed  them. 

A  message  being  sent  to  this  Vestry  from  Dr  Harwood,  that  y 
Dean  of  S*  Pauls*  would  in  the  vacancy  provide  persons  to  officiate 
and  particularly  to-morrow  morning  and  evening  : 

This  Vestry  has  ordered  ye  two  Church  Wardens,  with  Dr 
Hawes  and  Mr  Heath,  to  wait  on  ye  Dean  or  his  Commissary,  and 
acquaint  him  that  the  Impropriator  had  ordered  Mr  Cook  to 
officiate  to-morrow  morning,  and  no  other,  except  ye  Dean  be 
pleased  to  preach  himself. 

June  4.     In  nomination  for  Vicar. 

Mr  Cooke.         Mr  Canham.       Mr  Pritchard. 
Mr  Estwicke.   Mr  Holkomb.     Mr  Hilliard. 
Mr  Sampson  Estwicke  chosen. 

That  the  two  Churchwardens,  with  Mr  Allen,  Dr4  Hawes,  and 
Mr  Heath  do  wait  upon  the  Dean  of  S*  Paul's  and^Mr  ffreeman, 
to  acquaint  them  of  the  choice  of  Mr  Estwicke. 

That  the  Parish  Rates  for  Leathersellers'  Hall  be  agreed  with 
according  to  the  discretion  of  the  Common  Councillmen. 


"  William  Sherlock,  S.T.P.,  Prebendary  of  St.  Pancras,  was  nominated 
25th  April,  and  elected  12th  June,  1691,  and  installed  on  the  15th  of  the 
same  month.  He  died  at  Hampstead  in  Middlesex  19th  June,  1707,  setat. 
67,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Paul's."— Le  Neve'a  Fasti  Eccl.  Anglican.,  vol.  ii. 
p.  316.  Ed.  Oxford  (Hardy),  1854. 


122  Vestries,  A.D.  1701-2. 

1701.  October  10.     A  Committee  appointed  to  collect  subscriptions  for 
Mr  Estwicke. 

December  17.  That  the  sum  of  Five  Pounds  be  paid  unto  Mr 
Soulby's  daughter  for  wrighting  the  (parish)  Books  this  year. 

1702.  April  7.     Mr  Ay  1  ward,  elected  Church  Warden,  excused  all  offices 
on  paying  the  fine  of  £30,  the  question  having  been  put  whether 
it  should  be  £25  or  £30. 

April  10.     Mr  Crispe  elected;  excused  on  the  same  conditions. 

April  13.  Mr  Tho8  ffinch  elected ;  excused  on  the  same 
conditions. 

April  15.     Mr  Cotton  elected  ;  excused  on  the  same  conditions. 

April  13.  That  Mr.  ffrancis  Eyles  shall  have  liberty,  at  his  own 
charge,  to  make  a  vault  in  the  Church  underneath  the  Christning 
Pew,  he  paying  of  £30  for  the  use  of  the  Parish,  and  the  dimen- 
sions of  the  said  vault  are  to  be  left  to  the  discretion  of  the  two 
Common  Councilmen  and  the  Church  Wardens. 

That  Mr  Geo.  Heath  appearing  this  day  with  his  Bond  of  £72 
principle,  and  £4  6s.  interest,  Ordered,  That  the  same  be  paid, 
which  was  done  immediately,  and  the  Bond  cancelled. 

May  22.  This  Vestry  being  convened  to  consider  of  the  con- 
dition of  this  Parish  with  respect  to  the  books,  deeds,  and  writings 
belonging  to  the  same,  and  as  to  severall  gifts,  devizes,  and 
bequests  to  this  Parish  and  the  poor  thereof,  and  as  to  the  number, 
condition,  and  charge  of  the  poor.  And  the  three  keys  belonging 
to  the  Parish  Chest  being  lost,  it  is  thereupon  Ordered,  That  the 
said  Chest  now  remaining  in  the  Yestry  be  forthwith  broken  open, 
which  was  accordingly  done.  And  in  the  said  chest  are  found 
several  deeds  and  writings  belonging  to  the  Parish,  but  upon  strict 
search  and  enquiry,  some  of  the  Books  relating  to  Vestry  pro- 
ceedings in  this  Parish  for  many  years  past  are  wanting.  It  is 
therefore  ordered : 

That  strict  enquiry  be  made  thereof,  and  that  a  Committee  be 
appointed  to  inspect  the  Parish  writings  and  concerns  now  laid 
open,  and  report  thereon  to  the  next  Vestry.  That  there  be  three 
locks  and  keys  (as  was  usual)  for  the  said  chest,  the  Minister  and 
two  Church  Wardens  each  to  keep  one,  and  that  from  time  to  time 
it  shall  be  sett  down  (on  every  removal  of  the  said  keys)  into  whose 
hands  they  are  put. 

That  Mr  Stephen  Locker,  Clerk  to  the  Leathersellers  Com- 


Vestries,  A.D.  1702-3.  123 

pany  be  assisting  to  the  said  Committee,  to  reduce  the  writings 
into  good  order  and  to  make  a  Catalogue  and  what  else  may  be 
necessary  concerning  the  same.  And  it  is  also  ordered  : 

That  the  said  Mr  Stephen  Locker  be  chosen  to  be  Clerk  for 
the  drawing  up  and  entering  into  the  Vestry  Book  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  Vestry,  and  for  the  stating  and  making  up  the 
Accompts  and  Books  relating  to  this  Parish. 

1702.  June  16.  Mr  Churchwarden  Bromley  reported,  as  relating  to 
the  £4?  pr  Annum  given  for  ever  by  the  Will  of  Mrs  Joyce  Featley, 
That  he  with  Stephen  Locker  had  searched  the  Court  Books  of 
the  Mannor  of  Keunington  and  that  he  had  discovered  the  Houses 
and  Lands  subject  to  the  payment  of  the  said  £4  pr  Ann.  and  pro- 
duced Extracts  he  took  out  of  the  said  Court  Books,  and  also 
particulars  of  the  said  Houses  and  Lands  which  now  are  of  the 
yearly  value  of  £75  pr  Ann.  And  hath  taken  Copies  out  of  the 
Petty  Bag  Office,  of  the  Inquisition  and  Decree  made  thereon. 
The  matter  was  then  referred  to  the  Committee  to  prosecute  and 
sue  at  law  the  persons  liable  to  pay  the  said  £4  pr  Annum  and  for 
all  arrears  thereof.  It  is  also  ordered  : 

That  the  said  Committee  shall  take  into  their  care  and  man- 
agement the  demand  this  parish  hath  upon  the  impropriator  for 
£20  pr  Annum  and  reserved  in  a  Grant  from  the  Crown  to  the 
Preacher  of  this  Church  &  do  therein  as  they  shall  think  fit  and 
be  advised. 

August  20.  Mr  Edmond  Prideaux  being  desirous  to  interr  his 
deceased  daughter  in  Sir  Julius  Caesar's  Vault :  Ordered,  That  he 
shall  have  leave,  on  condition  that  he  shall  give  Bond  to  the 
Parish  for  £200  to  save  harmless  the  Parish  against  all  Suits,  &c. 
which  may  arise  in  consequence  of  such  interment. 

December  16.  Mrs  Aid  worth  prays  a  renewal  of  her  lease  for 
the  term  of  her  life,  for  a  reasonable  fine. 

703.  March  25.  The  Churchwardens  reported  that  they  had  inspected 
the  Will  of  Edward  Fenner,  by  which  is  given  the  Moiety  of  the 
rents  and  profits  of  the  house  now  held  by  lease  heretofore  made 
to  Deputy  Thomas  Aldworth  at  £10  pr  Annum.  And  find  the 
said  house  rested  in  the  Minister  and  Church  Wardens  of  S* 
Helens,  and  the  Master  and  Wardens  of  the  Carpenters  Company 
and  their  successors  for  ever,  "  for  such  good  uses  as  hereafter  men- 
tioned, viz.  That  all  such  rents,  issues  and  profits,  that  shall  from 


124  Vestries,  A.D.  1702-3. 

henceforth  for  ever  after  be  had  or  made,  shall  be  from  time  to 
time  parted  and  divided  into  two  equal  parts  and  portions; 
Whereof  one  equal  part  and  portion  I  will  that  it  be  distributed 
yearly  for  ever  to  and  amongst  the  poor  people  of  the  said  parish. 
And  the  other  equal  half  part  and  portion,  I  will  that  it  be  distri- 
buted yearly  for  ever,  to  and  amongst  the  poor  of  the  said  Com- 
pany of  Carpenters."  And  they  do  further  find  that  the  said  house 
is  now  let  by  lease  under  Mr  Aldvvorth  at  the  rent  of  £32  pr  Ann. 
And  they  are  advised  that  the  anticipating  the  full  yearly  rents  & 
profits  of  the  said  house  by  taking  a  fine  is  repugnant  to  the 
intent  of  the  donor's  said  Will  and  a  breach  of  trust,  and  is 
injurious  to  the  poor  of  this  parish  and  the  poor  of  the  Carpenters 
Company.  And  they  do  further  find  that  in  the  lease  of  the  said 
house  granted  to  the  said  Deputy  Thomas  Aldworth,  dated  Sep- 
tember 12,  1671,  under  which  his  widow  claims,  the  Minister  of 
S*  Helens  was  no  party,  though  the  first  person  appointed  a 
Trustee  by  the  said  Will. 

An  Accompt  was  given  to  this  Vestry  that  the  part  of  the 
Ward  within  Bishopsgate  pays  for  but  twelve  watchmen  which  at 
three  shillings  and  six  pence  pr  week  each  man  comes  to  £109.4 
pr  Ann.  Of  which  sum  this  parish  only  is  rated  and  pays  near 
£60  pr  Ann.  and  as  appears  by  the  Beadle's  Book  tho'  they  have 
not  above  four  Watchmen  and  these  not  entirely  belonging  to  the 
service  of  the  said  parish,  whose  pay  according  to  the  abovesaid 
rate  amounts  to  but  £-36.8  pr  Annum.  And  there  being  a  neces- 
sity for  one  Watchman  more  at  the  East  Gate  of  Sl  Helens,  for 
the  better  securing  that  part  of  the  parish  :  It  is  Ordered,  That 
the  Beadle  of  the  Wrard  (who  at  this  time  collects  the  money 
rated  upon  every  Inhabitant  for  the  Watch)  shall  pay  such  Watch- 
man or  Men,  as  is,  or  shall  be  placed  at  the  said  gate,  And  in 
case  he  refuse  so  to  do :  It  is  further  Ordered,  That  the  Constable 
of  the  Parish  for  the  time  being  shall  collect  the  several  rates 
assessed  on  the  Inhabitants  of  this  parish  and  apply  and  pay  the 
same  to  the  respective  watchmen  who  do  duty  for  this  parish. 
And  that  the  Beadle  of  the  Ward  have  a  Copy  of  this  Order. 
1703.  June  18.  The  Auditors  directed  to  enquire  into  several  abuses 
&c.  practised  by  the  Clerk  and  Sexton  and  of  the  perquisites  and 
salaries  claimed  or  received  by  them. 

Referred  to  the  Churchwardens  to  give  leave  to  erect  a  Monu- 


Vestries,  A.D.  1703-4.  125 

merit  to  Mr  White  on  the  South  Wall,  behind  the  Font  on 
payment  of  not  less  than  £5  for  the  use  of  the  parish  before  the 
Monument  be  put  up. 

1703.  December  17.     That  Mr  Locker  be  paid   Ten  Pounds   for  such 
his  Service  done  to  this  time,  and    that  Six  Pounds  pr  Annum 
be  allowed  to  the  said  Mr  Locker  so  long  as  he  shall  duly  per- 
form the  office  of  Vestry  Clerk  of  this  Parish. 

December  18.  That  no  person  whatsoever  shall  be  admitted 
to  fine  for  any  Parish  or  Ward  Office  without  Special  Order  of  the 
Vestry  of  this  Parish  in  that  behalf  had,  and  made. 

1704.  April  20.     That  the  number  and  charge  of  the  Poor  be  entered  in 
a  Book,  Entitled,  "  The  Poors  Book  of  this  Parish"  and  that  the 
Poors  &  Scavengers  Rates  be  entered  in  the  said  Book  to  remain 
as  a  Register  of  such  matters.     That  from  henceforth  there  shall 
be  paid  Ten  Shillings  for  every  person  not  being  a  parishioner  of 
this  parish  who  shall  be  buried  in  the  Church  Yard  of  this  parish : 
And,  That  no  person  shall  be  buried  in  the  Church  or  Church 
Yard  without  notice  thereof  be  first  given  to  the  Church  Warden 
by  the  Clerk  or  Sexton  of  this  parish.     And  That  in  case  the 
said  Clerk  or  Sexton  shall  neglect  or  refuse  to  give  Notice  to  the 
Church  Warden  before  the  burial  of  any  person  in  the  Church  or 
Church  Yard,  he  or  they  shall  for  every  such  offence  be  suspended 
and  discharged  fr5  his  or  their  place  or  office.     And  That  this 
Order  shall  be  written  fair  &  fixed  in  the  Vestry  House. 

The  Decretal  Order  in  Chancery  touching  the  Gift  of  Joyce 
Featley  being  read  : 

It  was  Ordered,  that  the  Vicar  shall  be  paid  Twenty  Shillings 
pr  Annum  for  preaching  a  Sermon  on  the  3rd  October  yearly  being 
the  day  on  which  the  said  Joyce  Featley  was  buried  in  this  Church 
pursuant  to  her  Will. 

That  henceforth  Tent  Wine  shall  be  had  and  used  in  this  Church 
for  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  and  the  charge  thereof 
exceeding,  or  over  and  above  Eighteen  Pence  Per  Quart  shall  be 
paid  by  the  Church  Warden, 

June  21.  That  the  Sexton  shall  be  chosen  yearly  at  Easter 
when  the  other  yearly  officers  are  chosen. 

That  a  Man,  not  a  Woman  shall  be  now  chosen  Sexton  for  the 
year  ensuing  until  Easter  next. 

December  5.     The  order  of  13  April   1699  relating  to  the 


126  Vestries,  A.D.  1704-5. 

Upper  Church  "Warden  giving  security  being  read  :  Ordered 
That  every  Church  Warden  shall  give  Bond  in  like  manner  within 
fourteen  days  next  after  he  is  chosen. 

Agreement  for  a  lease  of  the  House  in  Bishopsgate  late  Mr 
Aldworth  to  William  Poole  for  £30  pr  Annum  from  Lady  Day 
1705  for  21  years.  First  Year  at  a  Pepper  Corn  on  account  of 
repairs.  Half  the  rent  to  the  Carpenters  Co. 

That  the  Clerk  shall  not  have  a  key  to  the  Church  and  that 
the  key  he  hath  shall  be  delivered  to  the  Church  Warden. 

Permission  granted  to  lay  a  Stone  on  Henry  Rispe's  grave  in 
North  Isle  on  payment  of  Two  Guineas.  The  Stone  to  be  about 
three  feet  long. 

1704.  December  18.     That  none   shall  have  the  keeping   of  a  Key  to 
the  Church  save  only  the  Minister  and  Church  Wardens,  and 
such  as  they  shall  direct  or  give  leave  to  have  it. 

1705.  February  9.      Mr   Richard    Bromley    chosen    Church     Warden 
until  Easter,  in  place  of  Mr  Roger,  Wardman,  deceased. 

That  upon  payment  of  Twenty  Five  Pounds,  the  Vault  of  C. 
Chamberlain  may  be  enlarged,  and  made  not  exceeding  three  feet 
longer  and  two  feet  wider,  so  that  it  does  not  intrench  upon  any 
particular  vault. 

That  Pallisadoes  shall  be  set  up  on  both  sides  of  the  walk  in  the 
middle  of  the  Churchyard  from  the  gate  to  the  Church  door,  and 
a  Committee  appointed  to  agree  upon  the  doing  thereof. 

March  19.  That  the  wall  at  the  west  part  of  the  Church- 
yard, which  was  this  morning  taken  down  without  any  order 
or  privity  of  Vestry,  shall  be  rebuilt  again  in  the  same  condi- 
tion it  was,  at  the  cost  and  charge  of  those  who  did  take  it  down, 
or  cause  the  same  to  be  taken  down. 

April  13.  The  Committee  concerning  the  new  Rales  in  the 
Churchyard  report  the  work  done,  Ordered  and  Declared  by  this 
Vestry  the  approbation  thereof. 

Thanks  is  given  by  this  Vestry  to  AldermanWoolfe  for  the  carpet 
and  cushion  he  lately  gave  for  the  use  of  the  Communion  Table. 

A  request  being  made  to  the  Vestry  on  behalf  of  Mr  Reresby 
for  a  Monument  against  the  wall  of  the  Vestry  for  his  father,  who 
gave  by  his  will  a  legacy  of  Ten  Pounds  to  this  Parish,  it  is 
Ordered,  That  the  said  Mr  Reresby  be  attended  by  the  Church 


Vestries,  A.D.  1705-7.  127 

Warden  with  the  answer  of  this  Vestry,  That  he  may  set  up  a 
Monument,  but  this  Vestry  doth  expect  some  acknowledgment  or 
sum  to  be  given  as  he  himself  shall  think  fit. 

1705.  December  19.     That  the  degree  relating  to  the  Tithes  payable 
by  the  Inhabitants  of  this  Parish,  dated  9  February,  1662,  and  the 
rate  now  settled  for  the  Tithes  shall  be  both  entered  in  the  Book 
of  Memorials  and  Bequests  of  this  Parish,  and  a  note  of  reference 
to  the  same  shall  be  set  up  in  the  Vestry. 

1706.  January  2.     The  Quest  having  chosen  a  Chaplain  who  is  a  stran- 
ger,  and  noways  concerned  in  officiating  in  any  Parish  within 
this  Ward,  and  in  respect  thereof,  request  or  caution  was  given  to 
the  Foreman  of  the  Quest,  That  the  Minister  of  this  Parish,  or  his 
Deputy,  hath  time  out  of  mind  done  such  office  for  the  Quest,  and 
ought  to  have  done  it  now,  this  precinct  being  by  much  the  most 
considerable  in  the  whole  Ward  Within. 

Resolved  unanimously,  That  this  Vestry  do  resent  it,  and 
resolve  not  to  go  to  this  Court  of  Inquest. 

July  5.  Mr  Chewter  had  leave  to  sink  a  place  for  laying  in  of 
dung  or  scavage  in  the  ground  on  the  north  side  of  the  Churchyard 
wall  next  to  Sir  Joseph  Woolfe's,  and  to  enjoy  the  same  during 
the  pleasure  of  this  Parish. 

October  16.  Mr  Chewter  ordered  to  pay  one  shilling  per 
annum  for  the  above  place. 

December  23.  This  Vestry  taking  into  consideration  whether 
this  precinct  of  S1  Helen  will  go  in  a  body  to  the  Court  of  Inquest 
this  year  and  attend  them  as  formerly,  and  it  being  put  to  the 
Vote,  it  was  unanimously  resolved  in  the  negative.  And  it  was 
also  resolved  and  ordered,  That  the  Common  Councilmen  and 
Church  Wardens  of  this  Parish  do  wait  upon  the  said  Inquest  the 
first  day  of  their  sitting  to  acquaint  them  that  this  Parish  doth 
take  notice  of  and  resents  the  proceedings  of  the  said  Inquest  in 
their  deviating  from  the  ancient  custom  of  the  Inquests  of  this 
Ward  in  the  choice  of  a  Foreman  not  of  this  Precinct. 
1707.  September  18.  That  the  Church  Warden  do  take  care  and  order 
the  necessary  repairs  of  the  Church  as  he  shall  think  fit. 

That  the  Buckets  for  Fire  belonging  to  the  Church  being  but 
few  and  out  of  repair,  be  repaired  and  made  up  to  the  number  of 
three  dozen. 


128  Vestries,  A.D.  1708. 

That  the  Church  Warden  provide  a  decent  cushion  for  the 
pulpit. 

1708.  April  8.  Reported  :  That  Mrs  Prideaux  had  given  to  adorn  the 
Pulpit,  Vallens  of  Crimson  Velvet,  with  a  large  gold  fringe 
thereto,  as  an  addition  to  the  cushion  which  the  Church  Warden 
had  provided  for  the  Pulpit.  Ordered,  That  the  Church  Wardens 
do  wait  upon  the  said  Mrs.  Prideaux,  and  give  to  her  the  thanks 
of  this  Vestry  for  her  kind  present. 

The  Church  Warden  also  reported  to  this  Vestry  that  he  had 
paid  Thirty  Shillings  to  Thomas  Picketts,  gardener,  for  putting 
into  good  and  decent  order  the  Churchyard  and  the  trees  planted 
therein,  and  had  also  agreed  with  the  said  gardener  (if  this  Vestry 
approved)  to  pay  him  thirty  shillings  per  annum  for  keeping 

it    in  like  order.      And  has  likewise  agreed  with  Younge, 

clockmaker,  for  twenty  shillings  per  annum  to  be  paid  him 
for  his  keeping  in  good  order  of  repair  the  Church  Clock. 
The  same  agreements  are  by  this  Vestry  ordered  to  stand  con- 
firmed. 

That  twenty  shillings  shall  be  allowed  to  the  Sexton  yearly  for 
his  labour  in  winding  up  the  clock  and  looking  after  it. 

That  the  Church  Wardens  for  the  time  to  come,  before  they 
shall  be  sworn  into  their  office,  do  each  of  them  give  Bond  of  One 
Hundred  Pounds  penalty,  with  some  fitting  person  as  his  respective 
surety  (not  being  a  parishioner  of  this  parish),  for  his  fidelity  and 
rendering  account  for,  and  touching  his  receipts  and  payments  and 
doings  in  the  affairs  and  concerns  of  this  Parish. 

See  next  Vestry. 

Number  and  incident  charge  of  the  Poor  as  it  was — 
March  27,  1706— £64,  16*. 
1707— £56,  14*. 
1708— £61,    4*. 

April  21.  The  above  resolution  for  Church  Wardens  giving 
security  was  altered  as  follows  : — 

That  the  Church  Wardens  for  the  future  shall  each  give  his 
own  Bond  of  the  penalty  of  two  hundred  pounds,  without  other 
security,  for  fidelity,  &c.  &c.  &c. 

May  5.  Mr  Churchwarden  Hathaway  having  bespoke  a  small 
Engine  for  the  sum  of  Eight  Pounds,  this  Vestry  doth  approve 
thereof. 


Vestries,  A.D.  1708-10.  129 

That  the  Church  Wardens  do  enquire  of  the  Town  Clerk  con- 
cerning agreement  made  by  the  proprietors  in  the  Thames  Water 
for  their  supplying  Fire  Cocks  with  their  water,  for  publick  benefit, 
gratis. 

1708.  September  14.     The  Great  Engine  ordered  to  be  repaired. 

Inventory  of  Goods,  Books,  Ornaments,  &c.,  ordered  to  be 
entered  in  the  Parish  Book. 

1709.  April  29.     That  an  Ejectment  be  commenced  and  brought  for  the 
Houses  in  lease  from  this  Parish  to  Nathaniel  Chewter  in  respect 
of  the  arrears  due  and  owing  to  this  Parish  upon  account  of  rent 
of  the  same  premises. 

The  Church  Warden  to  contract  with  Mr  Warren  for  keeping 
the  Engines  in  repair. 

Mr  Locker,  Vestry  Clerk,  presented  a  Bill  for  business  extra- 
ordinary done  by  him  for  the  service  of  the  Parish,  referred  to  the 
Auditors  to  report  thereon. 

September  30.  The  report  of  the  auditors  concerning  Mr  Lockers 
being  read,  the  same  being  in  three  Bills,  several  of  which  had  the 
same  sums  entered  in  them,  the  same  was  fully  considered  by  the 
Vestry,  and  the  sum  of  ten  pounds  eight  shillings  and  one  penny 
being  agreed  upon  by  the  same  to  be  due  to  Mr  Locker  to  this  day 
for  all  demands,  besides  what  is  due  to  him  as  Vestry  Clerk,  being 
this  day  three  pounds,  which  said  sums  making  together  the  sum 
of  £13  Ss.  \d.}  to  be  paid  to  Mr  Locker,  he  giving  therefore  a 
discharge  in  full  of  all  accounts  to  this  day.  And  whereas  the 
Parish  are  in  arrears  for  several  sums  to  be  paid  by  them 
occasioned  by  some  extraordinary  charges,  It  is  ordered,  That  Mr 
Locker  be  discharged  from  his  service  as  Vestry  Clerk  for  the 
future. 

December  15.  That  £10  be  lent  to  Mr  John  Bellows  to  carry  on 
his  trade,  as  the  only  means  to  prevent  his  wife  and  children 
becoming  chargeable  to  the  Parish. 

That  Robert  Mulcaster,  Parish  Clerk,  do  attend  the  Vestry, 
and  enter  the  Orders. 

1710.  May  25.     Mr  Richard  Durley  had  leave  to  make  use  of  part  of 
the  Churchyard  to  lay  his  timber  in ;  provided  any  damage  done 
he  should  make  it  good. 

October  23.  The  Church  having  been  repaired  at  a  charge  of 
£155  10<s.,  the  question  was  put  whether  it  should  be  paid  by  a 

K 


130  Vestries,  A.D.  1711-14. 

poors'  rate  or  a  pound  rate.  It  was  agreed  for  a  pound  rate  at 
ninepence  in  the  pound. 

1711.  December  13.     That  four  pounds  be  paid  to  Mr  Munchaster  for 
his  service  as  Vestry  Clerk  to  Christmas.     Twenty  shillings  also 
to  be  given  to  the  Sexton,  as  a  gift,  for  keeping  the  way  clean  to 
the  Church. 

March  15.  Mr  Robert  Foot  had  leave  to  make  a  vault  in  the 
Church  on  payment  of  £35.  The  vault  to  be  made  7  feet  by  8 
feet  clear. 

December  7 .  Copy  of  grant  of  a  piece  of  ground  for  Rob1  Foot's 
vault  at  the  upper  end  of  the  middle  isle  on  the  south  side  thereof, 
near  the  communion  table,  over  which  ground  the  two  pews 
adjacent  to  the  communion  table  are  erected. 

December  18.  That  four  pounds  be  paid  to  Robert  Mulcaster 
for  his  attendance  as  Vestry  Clerk. 

1712.  March  17.     Upon  the  representation  of  the  Physicians  of  S1  Bar- 
tholomew's Hospital,  that  a  pauper  of  this  parish  cannot  be  cured 
without  his  going  to  Bath,  it  was  ordered,  That  a  sum  not  exceed- 
ing four  pounds  be  paid  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  said  Hospital  for 
the  charge  of  the  same. 

April  24.  Upon  the  complaint  of  John  Glover  against  Mr  Gibson 
for  making  the  house  next  to  him  a  public  house,  whereby  his 
business  is  very  much  declined,  It  is  ordered,  That  if  the  said 
Glover  and  Gibson  cannot  accommodate  and  adjust  the  difference, 
that  the  said  Gibson  be  prosecuted  at  the  charge  of  the  Parish  for 
drawing  drink  without  a  licence. 

December  17.  Four  pounds  to  Rob*  Mulcaster  as  Vestry  Clerk. 
1714.  March  3.     The  children  now  in  the  Workhouse  belonging  to  this 
Parish  be  continued  there  at  two  shillings  and  sixpence  per  week, 
until  they  can  be  provided  for  otherways. 

,  R.  Churchhill  and  Charles  Ball  having  given  their  Bond  to  the 

President,  &c.,  of  Bethlem  Hospital  to  defray  the  charge  of  bury- 
ing, &c.,  William  Miller,  in  case  he  should  die  there,  and  to  pro- 
vide for  him  in  case  he  should  be  discharged,  the  Church  Wardens 
were  ordered  to  give  their  Bond  in  behalf  of  the  Parish  to  indem- 
nify them  from  any  charge,  &c.,  that  may  happen  to  them  on 
account  of  the  said  W.  Miller. 

April  22.  Mr.  Thomas  Hall  had  leave  to  take  down  the  Parish 
Boundary  Stone  in  his  wall,  upon  condition  to  put  it  up  in  the 
same  place  in  the  new  wall  which  he  designs  to  build. 


Vestries,  A.D.  1714-15.  131 

That  the  Church  "Wardens  do  order  the  padlock  which  is 
now  on  the  door  betwixt  Mr.  Hall's  yard  and  the  Churchyard 
to  be  taken  off,  and  Mr  Hall  have  leave  to  pass  and  repass  during 
the  pleasure  of  this  Parish. 

1714.  May  21.     That  the  Church  Wardens  do  wait  on  Mr  Hanger  and 
Mr  Lepiper  and  let  them  know  that  this   Parish  do   expect  an 
acknowledgment   for    permission  of  burying  of  Joseph  Woolfe, 
Esq.,    now   expected  from   France    in    ordered    to    be   interred 
here. 

June  2.  That  Ten  Guineas  (exclusive  of  all  dues)  should  be 
the  sum  paid  for  permission  of  Joseph  Woolfe,  Esq.,  to  be 
interred  in  the  vault  where  his  father  was  buried,  upon  which 
Mr  Woolfe' s  friends  promised  to  pay  the  said  ten  guineas. 

June  5.  A  motion  being  made  that  Madam  Hanah  Wakeman 
(daughter  of  George  Boddington,  Esq.,  of  this  Parish)  being 
dead,  it  is  presumed  that  her  father  designs  to  have  her  buried 
in  a  vault  which  was  Alderman  Backhurst's  in  the  North  Isle. 
The  question  was  put  whether  the  consideration  for  leave  should 
be  Eight  or  Sixteen  Guineas,  and  it  was  agreed,  That  Sixteen 
Guineas  should  be  paid  for  the  use  of  this  Parish. 

December  24.  Order  in  Chancery.  That  the  several  sums 
due  from  Joyce  Featley's  Gift  should  be  paid  at  the  Vicar's  House 
or  upon  the  Tomb  Stone  of  William  Kerwyn  her  Father  in  the 
Church  of  S*  Helens. 

December  16.  Mr  Backwell  desiring  to  lay  a  Grave  Stone 
where  his  Wife  was  interred  near  the  Reading  Desk,  The  Church 
Warden  was  ordered  to  treat  and  agree  with  him  on  the  best 
terms. 

That  if  Mr  Boddington  will  please  to  remove  his  daughter 
Wakeman  from  the  place  where  she  was  buried  into  the  Vault 
which  was  Alderman  Backhurst,  the  consideration  for  leave  should 
be  but  Eight  Guineas  and  not  Sixteen  Guineas  as  was  ordered  in 
the  Vestry  June  5  last  past. 

That  the  Modes  or  Accounts  of  Tythes  payable  quarterly  to 
the  Improprietor  by  the  Inhabitants  of  this  parish  be  transcribed 
and  hung  up  in  the  Vestry  that  the  said  Inhabitants  at  any 
time  may  have  recourse  unto. 

1715.  February  10.      That  Mr  Seayers  late  Church  Warden  be   paid 
Interest  on  the  balance  of  his  account  (£28  11$.  5<1)  from  the  time 

K  2 


132  Vestries,  A.D.  1715. 

his  account  was  audited  and  passed,,  to  the  time  the  balance  due 
to  him  was  paid,  being  from  8  Dec.  171-3  to  Dec.  1714. 

The  Vestry  returned  Mr  Durley  thanks  for  presenting  them 
with  Ten  Pounds  to  be  excused  from  serving  Constable  and 
Scavenger  when  it  came  in  course  for  him  to  serve. 

A  Committee  appointed  to  examine  what  damage  the  Great 
Engine  had  sustained  at  the  fire  in  Thames  Street. 
1715.  February  23.     Agreed  to  be  repaired  for  Three  Guineas. 

Complaint  was  made  to  this  Vestry   respecting   Mr    George 

Stinton  the  present  Sexton  of  this  Parish,  and White  (who 

was  employed  to  clean  the  Church) 

Mr  Barrett  the   Eeader 

acquainted  the  Vestry  that  he  had  examined  both,  and  by 
their  confession  the  charge  appeared  to  be  fact.  Upon  which  it  is 
Ordered,  That  the  said  Mr  Stinton  be  forbid  coming  to  this 
Church  to  officiate  as  sexton  for  the  future. 

That  Mr  Mulcaster  the  Clerk  do  assist  Mrs  Stinton  in  opening 
the  pews  &c.  during  the  ensuing  Lent,  and  until  the  time  for 
chusing  the  Parish  officers  at  Easter,  and  that  the  profits  which 
shall  arise  by  preaching  the  Lent  Sermons  in  this  Church  shall 
be  equally  divided,  share  and  share  alike. 

April  21.  If  any  which  may  be  chosen  for  the  Office  of 
Church  Warden  shall  think  fitt  to  pay  to  be  excused  of  serving 
said  office,  It  was  agreed  To  take  Fines  of  any  not  exceeding  Six 
Persons. 

A  Letter  was  received  from  Mr  Stinton  who  complains  that 
several  false  reports  have  been  spread  abroad  of  him,  desires  the 
Christian  Compassion  of  this  Vestry.  The  Church  Warden 
ordered  to  go  and  let  him  known  that  he  shall  have  all  necessary 
assistance. 

May  3.  Mr  Manoel  Ximenes  complains  of  being  elected 
Church  Warden  having  been  only  three  Years  in  the  Parish, 
but  offers  Twenty  Five  Pounds  to  be  excused  from  all  offices, 
which  was  accepted ;  the  Church  Warden  stating  he  knew 
Mr  X.  was  looking  out  for  a  larger  house  and  might  remove  very 
shortly. 

May  9.  Mr  William  Dare  applied  for  leave  to  make  a  Vault 
in  the  Church  Yard,  which  was  refused. 

June  3.     Edward  Gibbins,  Church  Warden  Elect,  The  present 


Vestries,  A.D.  1715-18.  133 

Church  Warden,  Ordered  to  take  proper  method  to  oblige  him  to 
serve  the  said  office  for  this  parish. 

1715.  June  16.     Edward    Gibbins    being    present,    It  was    agreed    in 
consideration  of  his  being  Church  Warden  of  Putney  to  excuse 
him  the  said  office  here,  upon  his  paying  Ten  Guineas,  and  if  he 
continues  Five  Years  in  this  Parish  then  to  make  up  the  Ten 
Guineas  Twenty  Pounds. 

1716.  April  6.     John  Stone  requested  to  fine  for  all  offices;  which  was 
allowed  on  payment  of  Thirty  Pounds. 

October  17.     John  Shreife  Upper  Church  Warden  died. 

1717.  July  29.     The    Auditors    reported    that    having    examined    the 
Accounts  of  Mr.  Wright  late  Church  Warden,  they  find  he  has 
charged  the  parish  with  £7  2s.  6d.  paid  for  one  Boardman ;  and  they 
find  no  order  of  Vestry  for  his  paying  more  than  £3  10s.  Qd.     A 
further  som  of  £14  6s.  paid  for  beautifying  the  Church  Warden's 
and  Minister's  Pew,  and  that  £12  9s.   \d.  is  particularly  for  the 
Church    Warden's    Pew,  and  they  find  £1   13s.  overcharged  for 
Wine.     The  two  first  of  these  articles  the  Vestry  voted  to   be 
allowed,  but  the  allowance  not  to  be  a  precedent  for  the  future  and 
that  no  Church  Warden  shall  be  allowed  to  lay  out  more  than 
forty  shillings  at  one  time  upon  the  parish  without  an  Order  of 
Vestry. 

»  August  14.    The  Vestry  ordered  a  twelve  month's  extraordinary 

rate  on  the  Inhabitants,  for  defraying  the  debts  of  the  parish,  and 
other  duties  arising  touching  the  poor  and  the  poor's  rate,  and 
that  the  assessment  of  such  rate  be  made  by  the  persons  men- 
tioned in  the  Warrant  for  making  the  assessment  for  the  present 
Year. 

1718.  April  17.     That  no  parishioner  or  stranger  that  are  brought  to  be 
buried  in  the  parish  of  S*  Helen's  in  the  Church  or  Church  Yard 
after  the  hour   of    Ten  O'Clock   at   night  from  Lady  Day  to 
Michaelmas,  but  what  shall  pay  double  dues. 

That  no  parishioner  or  stranger  that  are  brought  to  be  buried 
here  after  the  hour  of  Nine  O'Clock  at  night  from  Michaelmas  to 
Lady  Day  but  shall  pay  double  dues. 

Mr  Leithulein  desiring  to  bury  his  lady  in  the  same  vault  with 
her  father  Sir  Joseph  Woolfe,  It  was  agreed  :  That  he  should  be 
allowed  to  do  so,  on  payment  of  Fifty  Pounds,  the  parish  dues 
included. 


134  Vestries,  AD.  1719-20. 

Mr  Churchill  appointed  to  look  after  the  Engines  at  a  salary  of 
30s.  pr  annum. 

1719.  April  2.     Several  parishioners  that  have  served  some  offices  being 
desirous  to  fine  to  be  excused  from  all  other  offices,  as  the  Parish 
is  in  debt  and  wants  money — It  is  agreed  to  take  Twenty  Pounds 
of  each  of  the  following  Gentlemen  for  that  purpose  :  Mr  Edward 
Harris,  Mr  Richard  Reddaway,  and  Mr  Robert  Dingley. 

Thanks  were  voted  to  Mr  Charles  Goodman  for  taking  the 
trouble  to  view  the  parish  books,  writings,  &c.,  and  making  a 
register  or  memorial  of  the  same  in  a  parchment  Book. 

May  1.  Chesters  allowed  to  build  a  Family  Vault  on 

North  Side  of  Church,  Ten  Foot  Long  arid  Eight  Foot  Broad  on 
payment  of  Forty  Pounds. 

May  16.  George  Boddington  having  left  Ten  Pounds  to  the 
parish  allowed  to  be  buried  in  the  same  vault  with  his  wife  on  pay- 
ment of  the  usual  dutys. 

December  16.  Mr  John  May,  Mr  Thomas  How,  Mr  William 
Simmons,  &  Mr  John  Horseley  allowed  to  fine  for  all  offices, 
Twenty  Pounds  each. 

1720.  June  2.     Lease  of  (qy.  27  Bishopsgate)  granted  to  Mrs  Iveson  for 
Twenty  One  Years  at  £40  a  Year  with  a  fine  of  Sixty  Pounds. 

Mr  William  Palmer  a  Parishioner  had  offered  to  take  a  lease 
for  fifty  years  at  £45  pr  annum  and  fifty  pounds  fine.  But  he 
retracted  therefrom  and  eluded  the  vestry,  whereby  this  Vestry 
has  deemed  him,  Injurious,  Troublesome  and  Impertinent. 

The  Church  Wardens  to  pay  and  apply  the  sum  of  Ten  Pounds 
to  the  use  of  Thomas  Mashedo  a  distressed  inhabitant  as  they  shall 
think  fit. 

That  John  Scott  an  Attorney  be  elected  Vestry  Clerk  at  a 
Salary  of  Four  Pounds  a  year  to  commence  at  Midsummer  next 
during  the  pleasure  and  good  liking  of  this  Vestry. 

That  the  Church  Warden  or  Wardens  be  empowered  to  spend 
at  this  Vestry  and  every  future  vestry  Ten  Shillings  and  place  the 
same  to  the  parish  charge  and  accounts. 

Then  the  Church  Wardens  in  the  name  of  this  Vestry  by  their 
order  returned  their  Thanks  to  Mr  Ptolomy  James,  Minister  of  this 
parish,  for  his  care,  kindness,  and  liberality  in  procuring  the  two 
branches  belonging  to  and  hanging  in  this  Church. 

December  20.     Edward  Gibbon  having  been  elected  scavenger, 


Vestries,  A.D.  17.21-2.  135 

was  desirous  of  paying  the  usual  fine  for  that  office  and  constable, 
to  which  it  was  objected  that  he  had  not  paid  the  balance  of  the 
fine  for  churchwarden,  as  agreed  June  16,  1715,  but  Mr  Richard 
Stert  engaging  that  the  several  sums  should  be  paid,  Mr  Gibbon 
was  excused  from  serving  all  offices  whatsoever,  after  such  payment 
thereof. 

1721.  February  28.     Mr  Isaac  Boddington,  formerly  an  inhabitant,  to  be 
allowed  to  bury  his  deceased  wife  in  a  vault  in  this  Church  wherein 
several  of  his  relatives  are  buried,  on  paying  such  sum  as  he  shall 
think  fit,  and  also  paying  the  usual  dues  and  fees  in  such  cases. 

April  13.  Mr  Henry  White,  Mr  John  Dare,  and  Mr  Gilbert  were 
nominated  for  Upper  Church  Warden.  Mr  White  being  elected, 
Mr  Dare,  and  Mr  Gilbert,  and  Mr  Colt  were  then  nominated  for 
under  Church  Warden ;  Mr  Gilbert  elected. 

November  18.  That  proper  methods  be  taken  to  have  and  get 
4000  rupees  given  by  the  will  of  Mr  Isaac  Berkeley,  who  died  in 
Calcutta,  returned  or  remitted  hither  in  pounds  sterling  by  the 
East  India  Company. 

December  18.  Four  pounds  to  be  paid  to  Mr  Mulcaster  for  or 
in  lieu  of  salary  claimed  by  him  for  acting  as  Vestry  Clerk. 

Thanks  given  to  Mr  Isaac  Boddington  for  the  sum  of  four 
guineas  paid  by  him  for  liberty  to  bury  his  wife  in  a  vault  in  the 
Church,  as  above. 

1722.  March  22.     Benjamin  Thompson  and   Henry   Barnwell   chosen 
Engineers  in  the  room  of  Mr  Churchill,  deceased,  who  are   to 
exercise  the  office  and  have  the  salary  annually  by  turns;  Mr 
Thompson  the  first  year. 

May  7.  Mr  Thomas  Edwards  having  at  the  last  Vestry  offered 
eight  guineas  for  leave  to  lay  a  stone  over  his  father's  grave  near 
the  Pulpit,  in  the  South  Isle,  which  was  referred  back  for  inquiry 
as  to  the  dimensions  of  the  stone,  It  was  at  this  Vestry  resolved 
That  Mr  Edwards  have  leave  to  lay  a  stone,  six  foot  two  inches 
long,  and  two  foot  six  inches  broad,  on  payment  of  the  sum  of  ten 
guineas  and  the  charge  of  this  Vestry. 

That  John  Scott  be  discharged  from  being  Vestry  Clerk  at 
Midsummer  next,  and  that  his  salary  do  then  cease. 

May  22.  The  Church  ordered  to  be  repaired  at  an  estimate  of 
£127,  and  a  rate  made  for  raising  the  money  for  such  repairs. 

May  31.     That  the  Church  Wardens  do  employ  such  workmen 


136  Vestries,  A.D.  1722-3. 

as  they  shall  think  fit  for  the  repairs  of  the  Church,  so  that  they 
employ  those  who  will  do  their  work  best  and  cheapest,  and  pre- 
ference to  be  given  to  such  workmen  as  live  in  this  Parish. 

That  Iron  Gates  and  Palisadoes  be  made  and  set  up  at  the  Front 
or  West  End  of  the  Church  Yard. 

That  the  money  for  repairing  the  Church  and  making  and 
setting  up  the  said  Gates  and  Palisadoes  be  raised  by  a  Pound  Kate 
wherein  each  Parishioner  is  to  be  rated  Ten  Pence  for  every  pound 
of  the  Annual  Kent  he  or  she  pays  for  what  he  or  she  rents  or 
occupies  in  this  Parish. 

That  Isaac  Hellen  be  made  free  of  this  City  at  the  charge  of 
this  Parish. 

1722.  October  11.     The  Bills  for  the  repairs  of  the  Church  amounting 
to  £242  8<?.  2d.  were  allowed  and  approved,  and  a  rate  of  Twelve 
Pence  in  the  pound  made  for  .the  payment  thereof. 

Mr  Samuel  Guyon,  late  Church  Warden,  chosen  Vestry  Clerk 
till  Easter. 

October  22.  The  Church  Warden  proposed  that  a  Committee 
should  be  chosen  to  survey  the  late  repairs.  A  Committee  ap- 
pointed accordingly. 

October  31.  The  Committee  reported  that  they  had  met 
together  with  Mr  Browne  the  City  Bricklayer,  and  all  are  of  opinion 
that  the  Tradesmen  employed  have  done  honestly  and  justly  by 
the  Parish,  and  that  the  Church  Wardens  have .  been  diligent, 
industrious  and  frugal  in  the  management  of  this  affair  committed 
to  their  care,  which  report  was  confirmed  by  the  Vestry. 

December  17.  Mr  Richard  Loyd  excused  from  serving  his 
Ward  Offices  on  payment  of  Ten  Guineas  in  consideration  that 
by  his  business  he  is  obliged  to  live  chiefly  out  of  town. 

1723.  April  9.     Mr  Bedell  appeared  to  treat  with  this  Vestry  on  behalf 
of  Francis  Bancroft,  Esq.,  for  leave  for  the  said  Bancroft  to  build 
a  Vault  (a  previous   application  had  been  made  by  Mr  Bedell, 
April  13,  1721,  but  without   name  or   particulars,  when  Mr  B. 
was  requested  to  deliver  a  proposal  in  writing  stating  the  dimen- 
sions, &c.)  for  himself  and  such  friends  and  relations  as  he  shall 
tinder  his  seal  appoint  by  his  handwriting  and  to  no  others.     It 
was  agreed  That  Mr  Bancroft  paying  to  the  Church  Warden  the 
sum  of  Ninety  Five  Pounds  shall  have  leave  to  make  a  Vault  in  the 
said  Church,  the  walls  to  be  18  inches  thick  and  the  Vault  to  be 


Vestries,  A.D.  1723-4.  137 

9  foot  square  within,  and  to  erect  a  monument  over  the  Vault  and 
to  fix  such  ironrails  as  he  shall  think  fit,  not  exceeding  8  foot  high 
all  at  his  own  charges,  and  the  said  Mr  Bancroft  to  make  every- 
thing good  that  is  altered  in  making  the  said  Vault,  &c.  The 
Vault  to  be  made  as  near  Mr  Robinson's  Vault  as  conveniently  can 
be  under  the  seats  where  the  workhouse  children  useth  to  sit. 
Mr  Bancroft  to  have  free  liberty  to  repair  the  Vault,  &c.  when  he 
will. 

1723.  May  2.     That  the  above  Monument  shall  not  exceed  Eight  foot 
in  height  and  that  the  rails  shall  not  exceed  the  height  of  Six  foot, 
and  that  a  sufficient  space  shall  be  left  on  the  West  Side  to  carry 
a  corpse  into  the  said  Vault  without  obstruction. 

July  25.  The  Church  Warden  reported  that  he  had  received 
a  Bill  of  Exchange  for  Five  Hundred  Pounds  being  the  produce  of 
Mr  Berkeley's  legacy  which  it  was  agreed  should  be  invested  in 
South  Sea  Stock  until  it  should  be  settled  how  to  lay  it  out  in  the 
strictest  manner  according  to  the  will  of  the  donor. 

Decr  5.  The  Church  Warden  reported  that  the  Five  Hundred 
Pounds  had  been  laid  out  in  South  Sea  Stock  at  102f  Per  Cent, 
and  that  the  Minister  had  filed  a  Bill  in  Chancery  against  the  two 
Church  Wardens  relating  to  the  disposal  thereof.  Upon  which  a 
Committee  was  appointed  to  take  the  advice  of  Counsel  and  that 
the  case  which  the  Church  Wardens  had  stated  to  Counsellor 
Edwards  with  his  opinion  be  copied  into  the  ....  Book  of 
this  parish. 

1724.  March  24.     A  deputation  attended  from  the  parish  of  S1  Botolph 
Bishopsgate  to  request  that  this  parish  would  accommodate  them 
with  seats   &c.  during  the  time  of  the  rebuilding  their  Church 
upon   such  terms  as  shall  be  agreed  to  by  a  Committee  to  be 
chosen  for  each  parish ;  which  was  agreed  to  unanimously  and  the 
Committee  appointed. 

April  9.  The  Bill  and  Answer  which  was  lately  given  to  the 
Court  of  Chancery  respecting  Mr  Berkeley's  Will  being  read,  The 
Vestry  was  well  satisfied  with  the  Church  Wardens'  answer  to  the 
said  Bill. 

April  13.  Mr  Penara  excused  all  offices  on  payment  of  thirty 
pounds  and  the  charges  of  the  Vestry.  The  Ten  Shillings  charges 
fter wards  allowed. 

April  16.     Sir  Biby  Lake  having  been  elected  Church  Warden 


138  Vestries,  A.D.  1724-5. 

informed  them  that  he  has  been  a  Barrister  at  Law  above  twenty 
years  and  therefore  excused  from  serving  any  Parish  or  Ward 
Offices.  But  in  regard  that  he  has  a  great  respect  for  the  parish, 
he  would  make  them  a  present  of  Twenty  pounds  on  condition  that 
they  give  him  no  further  trouble  respecting  parish  or  ward  offices 
for  the  future.  This  offer  was  immediately  accepted  and  thanks 
voted  for  his  kind  and  generous  present. 

1724.  Decr  18.     Lease   granted  jointly  with  the  Carpenters'  Company 
to  Mr  Poole  for  21  Years  from  Lady  1726  at  £30  per  annum  £40 
to  be  allowed  for  repairs. 

The  Churchwarden  ordered  to  proceed  against  the  Leather- 
seller's  Coy  for  the  payment  of  the  rate  made  for  the  repairs  of  the 
Church  amounting  to  £6  10s.  Qd.  as  they  shall  be  advised  by 
Counsell  learned  in  the  law. 

Nathaniel  Poole  chosen  Vestry  Clerk  (in  the  room  of  Mr  Samuel 
Guyon  deceased)  during  the  pleasure  of  the  Vestry. 

1725.  April  2.     Committee  appointed  to  consider  of  the  decree  made  by 
Sir  Joseph  Jekyll  Master  of  the  rolls  relating  to  Mr  Berkeley's 
legacy  and  to  give  their  opinion  in  what  manner,  and  for  what  use 
the  money  so  given  shall  be  laid  out  and  applied. 

April  29.  The  Committee  considered  that  it  would  be  well  to 
allow  the  money  to  continue  as  at  present  invested  until  they  shall 
agree  how  to  lay  out  the  same  according  to  the  intent  of  the  donor. 
Excepting  so  much  as  shall  be  necessary  to  pay  the  costs  of  this  suit. 

June  10.  That  the  Five  Hundred  pounds  given  by  Mr  Isaac 
Berkeley  and  the  profits  thereof,  shall  (as  soon  as  conveniently 
may  be)  be  laid  out  in  the  erecting  and  putting  up  an  Organ  in 
this  Church,  and  that  a  proposal  pursuant  to  the  said  resolution 
be  drawn  up,  and  the  Churchwardens  do  wait  on  Mr  Lightbourn 
the  Master  in  Chancery  to  whom  the  matter  concerning  the  said 
legacy  stands  referred  for  his  opinion  touching  the  same. 

June  14.  That  the  Churchwardens  and  their  successors  shall 
not  deliver  out  of  their  Custody  any  Books,  papers,  or  writings  to 
any  person  or  persons  whatsoever  without  taking  a  receipt  for  the 
same. 

Nov.  8.  That  the  dividends  on  £500  be  applied  to  the  pay- 
ment of  Costs  of  Suit  and  the  principal  money  remain  till  its 
increase  or  the  benevolence  of  the  parishioners  can  and  will  enable 
the  said  Parish  to  build  an  Organ  loft  and  Organ. 


Vestries,  A.D.  1725-6.  139 

1725.  Dec.   1.     The  said  South    Sea    Stock   to    be   sold  and  so  much 
South   Sea  Annuities  to  be   purchased,   the  surplus    Stock  and 
interest  to  be  applied  in  discharge  of  the  law  expenses. 

1726.  April  27.     John  Gould  excused  all  offices  on  payment  of  Thirty 
Pounds. 

All  Under  Church  Wardens  are  hereby  ordered  to  bring  in 
their  first  Years  account  and  state  of  the  poor  at  the  expiration  of 
their  first  year. 

May  4.  Moses  Raper  having  been  chosen  Churchwarden 
informed  them  that  he  had  let  his  House  and  was  going  out  of  the 
parish.  Sir  John  Lock  then  being  in  nomination  with  other 
Gentlemen  did  freely,  generously  and  voluntarily  and  before  he 
was  chosen,  pay  to  the  Churchwardens  Thirty  Pounds  to  be 
exempted  from  all  offices,  which  was  accepted  with  the  thanks  for 
his  generous  act. 

Thanks  to  Mr  Tame  Church  Warden  for  his  care  and  diligence 
in  serving  the  parish. 

Five  Guineas  voted  as  a  present  to  the  Vestry  Clerk  for  his 
great  trouble  in  copying  accounts  not  his  business  and  many 
attendances  on  Committees  &c. 

May  16.  Mr  Peter  Merchant  proposed  to  give  £25  as  a  fine 
for  all  offices,  thereupon  the  Vestry  considering  that  they  were  m 
want  of  money  to  reimburse  Mr  Colt  late  Churchwarden  who  has 
been  a  long  time  out  of  his  money  (1724),  and  that  they  cannot 
chuse  Mr  Merchant  on  any  office  'till  Xmas  or  Easter  next,  agree 
to  accept  his  offer. 

Mr  Henry  Hamerton  also  offered  Ten  Pounds  as  a  fine  for 
Churchwarden,  he  having  served  all  other  offices.  Thereupon  the 
Vestry,  considering  his  large  family,  accepted  thereof.  Mr  Colt's 
balance  amounting  to  £32  18*.  9^.,  to  be  paid  with  interest. 

The  Under  Churchwarden  allowed  to  take  charge  of  the  parish 
plate.  The  Upper  not  having  a  conveniency  to  take  care  of  it. 

July  15.  Henry  Desleborough  of  the  parish  of  Lambeth 
having  married  the  Widow  of  the  late  Warder,  on  the  promise  of 
the  Church  Warden  to  give  him  £5  with  her  The  said  £5  ordered 
to  be  paid  on  his  bringing  a  Certificate  from  Lambeth  parish  that 
he  has  a  legal  settlement  with  them. 

Oct.  18.  The  Under  Church  Warden  having  removed  out  of 
the  parish,  a  new  one  chosen  for  the  remainder  of  the  Year. 


140  Vestries,  AD.  1726-8. 

1726.  Dec.  15.  That  the  Under  Church  "Warden  do  provide  for  all 
the  Pensioners  of  this  parish  proper  Badges  as  the  Law  directs, 
and  to  give  each  pensioner  a  Badge,  and  order  them  to  sow  the 
same  on  each  of  their  outward  garment.  And  in  case  such  pen- 
sioner after  such  Order  shall  not  wear  or  refuse  to  wear  such 
Badge  at  the  time  of  receiving  their  pension,  and  at  all  other  times, 
the  said  Churchwarden  shall  and  may  refuse  paying  such  pensioner 
their  pension. 

That  in  case  the  said  Churchwarden  shall  pay  to  any  pensioners 
their  respective  pension  without  his,  her,  or  their  badge  as  afore- 
said, shall  be  prosecuted  as  the  law  directs  at  the  expense  of  the 
Parish. 

17£7.  April  6.  Mr  Dufresney  elected  Churchwarden.  Excused  all 
offices  on  payment  of  £30,  with  the  thanks  of  Vestry  for  his  gene- 
rous act. 

June  7.  Mr.  Dufresney  not  being  so  generous  as  the  friend 
who  had  agreed  to  pay  the  £30  thought  him,  would  only  give  £28. 
It  was  therefore  put  to  the  vote  whether  his  friend  Captain  Tame 
should  pay  the  £30  or  only  the  £28  which  he  had  received.  It 
was  agreed  to  excuse  him  the  said  40  shillings,  considering  the 
good  intent  the  said  Captain  Tame  meant  for  the  parish. 

A  Man  named  Blackburn  proposed  to  marry  Mrs  Hanks,  who 
is  a  very  troublesome  and  chargeable  pensioner  to  this  parish,  in 
case  this  parish  would  give  with  her  Ten  Guineas  as  a  marriage 
portion,  And  that  he  would  also  take  the  said  Mrs  Hanks'  daugh- 
ter as  an  Apprentice  and  by  that  means  free  the  parish  from  any 
further  expense;  whereupon  it  was  ordered,  That  the  Church- 
warden do  upon  the  solemnization  of  the  said  marriage,  and  when 
the  said  Mrs  Hanks's  daughter  is  bound  apprentice  to  the  said 
Blackburn  pay  him  Ten  Guineas  as  a  consideration  for  his 
natural  love  and  affection  which  he  bears  to  the  said  Mrs  Hanks. 

Dec.  15.  The  Churchwarden  ordered  to  repair  the  pump  and 
a  Committee  appointed  to  see  that  it  is  well  and  sufficiently 
repaired. 

Complaint  against  Mr.  Mulcaster,  the  Clerk,  for  opening  of 
Vaults  and  other  grounds  without  asking  of  the  consent  of  the 
Churchwardens. 

1728.  Feb.  21.     A  Fire  Cock  ordered  to  be  made  and  fixed  in  the  upper 
part  of  Great  S*  Helens. 


Fcstries,  A.D.  1728-30.  141 

1728.  Oct.   17.     A    motion    was    made    by    Mr    Jackson  one   of  the 
Church  Wardens  that  he  should  have  liberty  to  enter  a  Caveat 
against  any  person  that  should  be  now  chosen  Parish  Clerk,  and 
that  such  person  so  chosen  shall  give  such  security  to  the  Minister 
&  Church  Wardens  as  the  parishioners  in  Vestry  assembled,  at 
any  subsequent  Vestry  shall  think  fitt  to  order.     Thereupon  it 
was  agreed  and  ordered  That  a  Caveat  be  forthwith  entered,  and 
the  person  chosen  Parish  Clerk  shall  give  such  security  to  the 
Minister  &  Churchwardens  as  the  Vestry  shall  think  fitt  to  order. 

A  motion  was  now  made  and  the  question  put,  That  Mr  James 
the  Minister  would  nominate  and  appoint  a  parish  Clerk,  There- 
upon he  sincerely  desired  to  be  excused,  and  gave  this  reason, 
because  he  would  disoblige  none. 

Ordered,  That  the  Election  of  a  parish  Clerk  be  by  ballot  and 
he  that  hath  the  majority  on  the  first  ballot  shall  be  duly  elected. 
....  The  Vestry  proceeded  to  the  Election  of  a  Parish  Clerk  in 
the  room  of  Mr  Rob*  Mulcaster  when  there  appeared  for  Thomas 
Wooles  18,  for  Ja8  Ladyman  16,  for  J.  Butler  15,  R.  Day  10  and 
for  Richard  Lowe,  none.  Thomas  Wooles  being  declared  to  have 
the  majority.  Mr  James  the  Minister  being  then  asked  whether 
he  agreed  thereto,  he  approved  of  the  same. 

1729.  April  10.     The  Church  Warden  reported  that  a  surplus  being  due 
from  Mr  Alexr  Boucher  on  the  Scavengers  Rate  collected  by  him 
in  1727  and  he  refusing  to  account  with  the  Auditors  for  the 
surplus,  he  had  summoned  him  before  the  Commrs  of  Sewers,  when 
he  pretended  he  had  lost  his  Book,  whereupon  the  Commrs  had 
fined  him  £10  pursuant  to  Act  of  Parliament.     The  Auditors  are 
now  desired  to  make  such  end  with  the  said  Mr  Boucher  as  they 
shall  think  fit  in  relation  to  the  said  surplus. 

That  for  the  future  no  Church  Warden  shall  expend  above 
Forty  Shillings  for  the  Oyster  Feast,  that  being  the  gift  of  Mr 
Prior  to  this  parish. 

That  the  Church  Wardens  for  the  future  shall  not  expend 
above  £12  on  Ascension  day  to  defray  all  charges. 

May  7.  The  Bill  of  Costs  relating  to  Mr  Berkley's  legacy 
ordered  to  be  taxed  before  a  Master  in  Chancery. 

1730.  January  28.     Whereas  at  the  Election  of  Parish  Clerk,  Oct.  17, 
1728,  the  Church  Warden  had  liberty  to  enter  a  Caveat  against 
any  person  that  should  be  then  chosen,  and  a  Caveat  was  then 


142  Vestries,  A.D.  1730-2. 

entered  against  Thomas  Wooles  accordingly.  Now  this  Vestry 
considering  the  said  T.  W.  capable  of  serving  this  Parish  as  Parish 
Clerk,  do  hereby  desire  and  order  the  present  Church  Warden 
and  the  Vestry  Clerk  to  attend  with  the  said  Thomas  Wooles 
at  Doctors  Commons  and  take  off  the  said  Caveat,  That  he  may 
be  at  liberty  to  be  sworn  in  Parish  Clerk,  and  that  the  Church 
Warden  do  give  him  any  Certificate  that  may  be  necessary. 

1730.  April  2.    Samuel  Green  having  been  chosen  Warder  at  the  last 
Vestry,  desired  to  decline  the  office,  which  was  agreed  to. 

Mr  Blackburn  agreed  to  wind  up  the  Clock  and  keep  it  in  good 
repair  for  £4  f  ann. 

April  10.     Mr  Ruck  fined  £20  for  Church  Warden. 

That  the  Church  Warden  do  pay  Mr  Gathurn,  the  Sequestrator, 
the  half  of  Sir  John  Lawrence's  Money,  being  £8  15s.  as  a  present 
for  serving  the  parish. 

April  15.     Mr  Palmer  fined  £20  for  Church  Warden. 

1731.  Mar.    1.     Mr   Webb   having   fined  40s.   for    Scavenger  and  Mr 
Garrett  having  fined  Twelve  Pounds  for  Inquest,  Constable  and 
Scavenger,  It  was  proposed,  That  they  should  give  their  notes  of 
hand   to  serve   the  office  of  Church  Warden  when  elected,  the 
Vestry  rather  chose  to  have  a  minute  made  in  the  Vestry  Book  of 
their  acknowledgment. 

Complaint  being  made  against  Thomas  Wooles  the  Parish 
Clerk  for  misbehaviour  in  the  duty  of  his  office.  It  is  ordered, 
That  the  order  of  the  28  Jany  last  year  be  dissolved,  And 
that  the  said  Caveat  do  still  remain  till  further  orders  of  this 
Vestry. 

July  14.  Application  was  made  on  behalf  of  Richard  Backwell 
for  leave  to  put  up  a  Monument  between  the  Pulpit  and  the  South 
Window  annexed  not  exceeding  4  f*  wide,  6f*  high,  and  the  projec- 
tion not  to  exceed  9  inches.  Agreed,  That  he  should  have  leave 
on  payment  of  Twenty  Guineas.  His  Agent  being  informed 
thereof  refused  to  comply  and  offered  Ten  Guineas,  which  this 
Vestry  rejected. 

July  29.  Mr  BackwelPs  Agent  again  attended  and  paid  the 
Twenty  Guineas,  He  making  good  all  damages  that  shall  be  done 
by  reason  and  consideration  thereof. 

1732.  Feb.  9.   Ten  Guineas  to  be  paid  to  Mr  Haywood,  the  Minister, 
as  a  voluntary  present  from  this  Parish. 


Vestries,  A.D.  1732-3.  143 

That  the  Church  Wardens  do  endeavour  to  suppress  the  sup- 
posed disorderly  house  called  the  Mitre. 

1732.  March    10.      A   request   being   made     by    Mr   Nath1    Gould,    a 
parishioner,  that  this  Vestry  would  grant  to  him  and  his  family 
the  liberty  of  sitting  in  the  uppermost  pew  on  the  left  hand  of  the 
middle  Isle  next  the  Communion  Table;   It  was  resolved,  That 
permission  be  granted  during  the  pleasure  of  the  parish,  but  when 
the  said  N.  Gould  or  his  family  shall  not  be  at  Church,  then  the 
said  pew  shall  be  filled  at  the  discretion  of  the  Churchwardens  for 
the  time  being. 

April  13.  The  Caveat  entered  against  Thomas  Wooles  ordered 
to  be  withdrawn,  and  the  Church  Wardens  to  sign  any  Certificate 
for  discharging  the  said  Caveat. 

That  the  Church  Wardens  take  proper  measures  to  oblige 
one  David  Knight  to  provide  for  a  bastard  child  supposed  to  be 
his,  which  was  some  time  since  dropped  in  this  parish. 

July  31.  A  fire  in  Little  St.  Helen's  having  been  extinguished 
by  the  industry  of  Mr  Tho8  Wooles  and  other  persons,  It  is 
ordered  That  a  reward  of  Three  Guineas  be  given  to  them  for 
their  exertions. 

Complaint  being  made  that  the  graves  were  not  dug  deep 
enough  and  therefore  were  very  offensive.  It  is  ordered  That  for 
the  future  every  grave  shall  be  dug  Seven  feet  deep,  and  that 
the  gravedigger  shall  have  two  shillings  for  his  trouble. 

That  the  Pavement  from  the  Pump  to  the  corner  of  the  Church 
Wall  shall  be  paved,  and  that  the  Church  Warden  do  pay  for  the 
same  so  far  as  belongs  to  the  Parish. 

1733.  Jany  24.     The    Church   Warden  ordered   to    pay    the  sum    of 
£24  ]  7$.  8d.  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  London  Workhouse,  pursuant 
to  an  Act  of  Common  Council  Dec.  14  last  past  for  raising  the 
sum  of  £2443  14$.  Qd.  towards  the  further  employing  the  poor  of 
the  City  of  London. 

Considering  that  a  Workhouse  would  be  the  means  of  easing 
the  rates  and  lessen  the  expense  of  the  Poor,  a  Committee  was 
appointed  to  look  out  for  a  convenient  house  for  the  purpose. 

March  29.  That  the  Churchwardens  for  the  future  have  liberty 
to  expend  the  sum  of  Six  Pounds  at  the  Oyster  Feast  yearly 
(including  the  forty  shillings  left  by  Mr  Prior  for  that  purpose). 

May  10.     A  Committee  appointed  to  treat  with  the  Church 


144  Vestries,  A.D.  1733-4. 

Wardens,  &c.,  of  St.  Pulcher's  Parish,  touching  their  receiving  and 
providing  for  the  poor  of  this  parish  in  their  Workhouse. 

1733.  Deo.  17.     Forty  Shillings  not  being  considered  sufficient  to  buy 
a  good  Coat  and  Hat  for  the  Warder,  It  was  agreed  That  the  sum 
of  Three  Pounds  be  allowed  for  that  purpose. 

That  the  bill  of  Mr  Poole,  the  Vestry  Clerk  touching  the 
appeal  of  Ann  Price  being  £4  1*.  tid.  be  paid. 

1734.  Feb.    5.      Mr  Clark,  Executor  to  Major    Gen1    Kellum   applied 
for  leave  to  lay  a  Black  Marble  Stone  over  his  grave,  Gf*  long  and 
4f*  broad,  and  to  erect  a  monument  on  the  South  Wall  5fl  high 
and  3ffc  broad.     Permission  was  granted  on  payment  of  Thirty 
Guineas  of  which  Mr  Clark  took  time  to  consider.     The  parish  to 
have  the  liberty  to  bury  any  other  person  in  the  same  grave. 

March  6.  As  Mr  Clark  would  not  comply  to  give  thirty 
guineas.  It  was  agreed,  That  Mr  Clark  should  have  leave  on 
payment  of  Twenty  Guineas  to  which  he  agreed. 

That  for  the  future  no  person  (except  a  parishioner)  shall  have 
liberty  to  lay  down  any  grave  stone  in  the  Church  without 
reserving  to  the  parish  the  right  of  laying  any  other  person  under 
such  grave  stone. 

That  Five  Guineas  be  given  to  Mr.  Haywood  the  Minister 
as  a  present,  but  with  this  particular  order  that  it  be  no  prece- 
dent. 

April  18.  On  the  petition  of  the  Vestry  Clerk  begging  the  favour 
of  this  Vestry  to  augment  his  Salary  from  £4  to  £6  ^p  annum 
The  question  being  put  whether  he  should  have  such  advance,  it 
was  agreed  to. 

It  being  reported  that  the  Poor's  Rates  are  not  sufficient  to 
support  the  Poor,  by  means  whereof  this  Parish  has  been  subject 
to  overrates  It  is  ordered,  That  the  quarterly  rates  be  raised 
from  lO-s.  *p  Ann.  to  15s.  ^  Ann.  and  so  in  proportion  in  order  to 
prevent  the  trouble  of  making  overrates  for  the  future. 

July  19.  Mr  Clark  attended  and  gave  the  Parish  Ten  Guineas 
on  condition  that  no  other  person  whatsoever  should  ever  here- 
after be  buried  in  the  same  grave  where  Major  Gen1  Kellum  now 
lies  interred. 

July  26.  That  Two  Guineas  out  of  the  above  Ten  Guineas  be 
given  to  the  Revd  Mr  Haywood  with  this  particular  order  that  it 
be  no  precedent. 


Vestries,  A.D.  1734.  145 

1734.  July  31.  That  the  Iron  Gates  and  Rails  round  the  Church 
Yard  be  new  painted. 

September  19.  Application  was  made  on  behalf  of  Mrs  Mary 
Newland  for  leave  to  lay  a  Stone  over  the  grave  of  her  late 
husband  Mr  Isaac  Newland  in  the  Church  Yard  and  offered  for 
such  liberty  the  sum  of  Three  Guineas  which  was  accepted. 

September  26.  An  agreement  was  entered  into  with  Mr 
Thruckstone  to  receive  and  maintain  all  the  parish  poor,  present 
and  to  come,  and  provide  them  good  wholesome  Meat  and  drink, 
Washing,  lodging,  Clothes,  Physic  and  all  other  necessaries 
whatsoever ;  and  to  put  the  Children  out  as  Apprentices  and  pay 
premiums  with  them — to  indemnify  the  parish  from  all  suits  or 
charges  concerning  the  provision  or  settlement  of  the  poor  or 
other  matter  in  any  wise  relating  to  them.  The  Church  Wardens 
and  other  parishioners  to  have  liberty  to  inspect  the  House  and 
see  that  the  said  poor  are  well  and  sufficiently  provided  for,  at  all 
times.  They  also  agree  to  pay  the  said  Thruckstone  £130 
pr  Ann.  for  performing  the  above  covenants,  and  if  any  of  the  poor 
shall  die  at  his  house,  he  is  to  be  at  the  expense  of  burying  them. 
All  such  poor  as  may  be  hereafter  settled  on  the  parish  to  be  sent 
to  his  house.  This  agreement  to  be  in  force  for  twelve  months 
and  at  its  expiration  the  poor  to  be  at  liberty  to  depart  with  all 
the  wearing  apparel  they  have  been  provided  with  and  to  keep  the 
same  for  their  own  use,  and  in  case  of  any  dispute  between  the  said 
Thruckstone  and  the  Parish,  the  case  to  be  referred  to  the  Lord 
Mayor,  whose  decision  is  to  be  binding  on  both  parties. 

Bill  of  Fare. 

For  dinners.  Sunday.  Hot  Meat,  Bread  &  Broth. 

Monday.  Cold  Meat  Bread  &  Cheese  or  Butter. 

Tuesday.  Boiled  Wheat  with  Butter  &  Sugar. 

Wednesday  as  Sunday. 

Thursday  as  Monday. 

Friday.  Thick  Milk  or  ffirmity. 

Saturday.  Bread  &  Cheese  or  Butter. 

Milk    Porridge   for   Breakfast,  Bread   &   Cheese  or   Butter  for 
Supper. 

L 


146  Vestries,  A.D.  1735-6. 

1735.  April   10.    That  two   Surplices  be   provided  for   tne   Revd   Mr 
Hay  wood. 

Decr  18.  Twelve  Months  given  to  Mr  Thruckstone  of  their 
intention  to  take  away  the  poor. 

Legacy  of  £100  left  to  the  Parish  by  Mrs  Clapham. 

Mr  John  Dare  elected  Parish  Clerk  in  the  room  of  Thos  Wooles, 
deceased,  the  Revd  Mr  Haywood  consenting  thereto. 

1736.  March  18.     Notice  was  given  that  Mrs  Dorothy  Lawrence  would 
pay  off  the  £350  and  Int*  left  by  Sir  John  Lawrence  on  which  it 
was  agreed  that  Mrs  Lawrence  should  be  requested  to  retain  the 
money  on  the  same  security  and  pay  the  parish  but  4  pr  Cent. 

An  order  given  for  borrowing  £100  at  4J  pr  Cent,  to  pay  off 
the  debts  of  the  Parish. 

That  four  black  neats  leather  chairs  be  bought  for  the  Vestry 
and  that  one  of  them  be  an  elbow  chair. 

April  29.  The  Church  Warden  reported  that  he  had  received 
the  above  £350  and  £8  15*.  Qd.  Int*  which  together  with  the  £100 
legacy  of  Mrs  Clapham's  were  ordered  to  be  invested  in  the  3  pr 
Cent  Annuities. 

That  two  dozen  of  good  bucketts  be  provided  for  the  use  of  this 
Parish. 

May  28.  A  Committee  having  been  appointed  at  the  last 
Vestry  to  receive  proposals  for  the  several  repairs  wanting  to  be 
done  to  the  Church  and  the  several  estimates  or  proposals  being 
produced,  It  was  ordered,  That  the  Committee  be  impowered 
to  treat  with  the  several  workmen  in  the  best  and  cheapest 
manner  they  can,  And  that  such  workmen  who  shall  be  chosen 
shall  be  tyed  down  to  perform  his  work  according  to  such  pro- 
posal. 

The  pavement  of  the  Church  ordered  to  be  thoroughly 
repaired. 

July  28.  The  Grave  Stones  to  be  put  down  in  their  proper 
places  as  before. 

August  13.  A  Legacy  of  £10  left  by  Mr  John  Baker  to  be 
distributed  among  the  poor  was  given  forthwith  among  fifteen 
Persons  as  follows,  4  at  £!_,  3  at  15.?.,  7  at  10* .,  and  1  at  5<?. 

Notice  ordered  to  be  advertised  twice  in  the  daily  Advertiser 
and  London  Evening  Post,  To  persons  claiming  a  right  to  any  of 
the  Monuments  in  the  Church  and  are  minded  forthwith  to  send 


Terries,  A.D.  1736-7.  .  147 

Workmen  to  repair  and  beautify  the  same  at  their  own  expense, 
may  have  liberty  from  the  Church  Wardens  to  do  so. 

That  application  be  .made  to  the  Lord  Chancellor  for  leave 
to  apply  the  £500  left  by  Mr  Berkley  for  and  towards  the  building 
of  on  Organ  and  erecting  an  Organ  Loft  in  this  Church. 

1736.  October  15.     The    Committee   appointed  for   the  repairs   of  the 
Church   presented   the   several   Bills   which   they   had   carefully 
examined  amounting  to  £550  3s.  Id.  which  were  referred  back  to  the 
said  Committee  in  order  to  have  some  abatement  made  on  such 
Bills  as  seem  to  them  unreasonable. 

That  the  above  Sum  be  raised  by  a  pound  rate  at  in  the 

£  of  the  Annual  Rent  each  parishioner  pays  for  what  he  or  she 
occupies  in  this  parish  and  that  the  said  rate  so  intended  to  be 
made,  shall  be  made  in  the  vestry  room  of  this  Parish,  and  that 
all  the  parishioners  are  to  be  summoned  to  be  present,  who  are 
desired  to  come  prepared  to  give  an  account  what  rent  they  pay, 
by  reason  no  inhabitant  shall  be  dissatisfied  with  what  they  shall 
be  rated. 

October  20.     The  above  Church  Rate  made  at  2*.  Qd.  in  the  £. 

November  24.  That  the  Rev  Mr  Haywood  have  Nine  Pounds 
out  of  the  interest  of  Sir  John  Lawrence's  money. 

1737.  January  7.     A  Committee  appointed  to  agree  with  some  other 
Parish  for  the  clothing  and  maintaining  the  poor  of  this  parish  in 
their  Workhouse  at  a  price  not  exceeding  Four  Shillings  ^  Week 
for  each  person. 

That  the  Sextoness  be  paid  in  future  the  same  sum  for  ringing 
the  Bell  for  a  burial  in  the  Church  as  in  the  Church  Yard,  being 
Two  Shillings  and  Sixpence. 

That  a  Table  with  the  names  of  the  Benefactors  to  this  parish, 
done  in  gold  letters  be  put  up  in  the  Church. 

That  a  surplice  of  strong  holland  be  provided  for  the  common 
use  of  this  parish. 

That  the  Church  Warden  do  take  up  or  remove  such  Trees 
in  the  Church  Yard  and  plant  others  in  their  room  as  he  shall 
think  fit. 

That  the  Minutes  of  every  Vestry  for  the  future  be  read  over 
at  the  breaking  up  of  the  Vestry  and  signed  by  one  of  the  Church 
Wardens  for  the  time  being. 

February  3.  The  Committee  appointed  at  the  last  Vestry  re- 

L  2 


148  Vestries,  A.D.  1737. 

ported  that  they  had  entered  into  an  agreement  with  the  Church 
Warden  and  Overseers  of  the  Parish  of  S1  Sepulchre  for  the 
maintenance  of  the  poor  in  their  Workhouse  at  four  shillings  each 
weekly.  This  parish  to  provide  clothing  and  medicines.  The 
agreement  may  be  broken  after  the  expiration  of  twelve  months 
on  giving  three  months  notice.  And  for  the  due  performance  of 
the  several  contracts,  the  parties  severally  bind  themselves  in  the 
penalty  of  Fifty  Pounds.  Which  Agreement  this  Vestry  do 
concur  and  agree  to  accordingly. 

The  Church  Warden  reported  the  Leathersellers'  Company  and 
others  had  refused  to  pay  the  Church  Rate.     Upon  which  he  was 
ordered  to  take  such  lawful  ways  and  means  as  he  shall  be  advised 
to  oblige  them. 
1737*  April  20.     Nath1  Gould  paid  £20  as  a  fine  for  Church  Warden. 

That  the  £100  legacy  left  by  Mrs  Clapham  and  invested  in  the 
3  qp  Cent.  Bank  annuities  be  sold  out  to  pay  off  the  £100 
borrowed  at  44  per  cent.  March  18, 1735-6.  And  that  this  Parish 
shall  indemnify  the  Minister  and  Church  Wardens  for  the  time 
being,  touching  the  several  uses  for  which  the  said  legacy  was  left 
to  this  Parish. 

August  4.  That  Mr  Burdett  and  Mr  Parker  be  allowed  to  pay 
only  half  of  the  Church  Rate  in  full  of  the  whole,  they  having 
both  gone  out  of  the  Parish. 

October  21.  The  Gresham  Committee  having  refused  to  pay 
£15  the  sum  which  they  were  assessed  for  Church  Rate  and 
offered  £10  in  lieu  thereof,  the  Churchwarden  was  ordered  to 
proceed  against  them  for  the  recovery  thereof,  should  they  refuse 
on  his  again  applying  to  them  for  that  purpose.  The  opinion  of 
Counsel  had  been  taken  by  the  Gresham  Committee  which  was 
given  in  favour  of  the  Parish. 

That  a  new  Lease  should  be  granted  to  Mr  Nath1  Ware  of  the 
house  he  now  lives  in  belonging  to  this  parish  for  the  term  of 
twenty-one  years  from  the  expiration  of  his  old  lease  which  will  be 
at  Midsr  1741,  and  to  continue  to  pay  the  rent  of  £40  pr  ann. 
The  parish  to  allow  one  year's  rent  for  repairs,  which  being  agreed 
to,  Mr  Ware  paid  One  Shilling  to  the  Church  Warden  for  the  use 
of  the  poor  to  bind  him  to  his  agreement. 

A  new  lease  also  agreed  to  be  granted  to  Mrs  Elizh  Kirk  for 
twenty-one  Years.  To  pay  Ten  Guineas  fine,  Twelve  pounds  pr 


Vestries,  A.D.  1738-9.  149 

annum  rent  clear  of  Taxes  and  to  lay  out  Sixty  pounds  in  repairs, 
to  commence  from  the  expiration  of  the  present  lease  at  Lady  Day 
1759. 

The  Vestry  Clerk  to  prepare  the  Leases  at  the  expense  of  the 
several  tenants. 

1738.  April  6.     That  the  Tuesday's  Lecture  be  continued  from  Lady  Day 
last  to   Michaelmas  next,  but  this  parish  is  not  to  be   at   any 
expense  for  such  continuance.     The  Church  Warden  taking  such 
security  as  he  shall  think  proper  to  make  good  all  damages  which 
may  be  done  to  the  Church. 

August  11.  Mr  Maynard  had  leave  to  build  a  Vault  under  his 
pew  in  the  North  Isle  on  payment  of  £20 — £5  5s.  of  which  money 
to  be  given  to  Mr  Hay  wood. 

September  28.  An  account  of  Mr  Berkeley's  Legacy  amount- 
ing with  interest  to  £521  6s.  4<d.  and  a  Committee  appointed  to 
examine  all  papers  and  vouchers  that  have  been  paid  touching  the 
said  legacy. 

1739.  February  9.     A  Motion  being   made  whether  the  Women  had 
a  right  to  vote  for  a  parish  Clerk  or  not,  and  debates  arising 
thereon,  this  Vestry  was  dissolved. 

February  15.  Mr  Hay  wood  having  given  his  consent  The 
Vestry  proceeded  to  the  Election  of  a  parish  Clerk  in  the  room  of 
Mr  John  Dare,  deceased,  and  It  was  agreed  by  a  great  majority 
That  the  Election  should  be  by  balloting  and  to  be  balloted  for 
three  times. 

Upon  the  first  ballot  there  were  for  Jas  Lady  man  25  Thos 
Hill  29  Tho8  Cole  10  Chas  Garrett  8  who  having  the  least  number 
was  left  out  on  the  second  ballot  when  there  were  for  James 
Ladyman  28  Thomas  Hill  32  Thomas  Cole  9  who  having  the 
least  number  was  left  out  on  the  third  ballot  when  there  were  for 
James  Ladyman  45  Thos  Hill  32.  Whereupon  the  said  Ja8 
Ladyman  was  declared  duly  elected. 

March  8.  The  Committee  appointed  to  examine  Mr  Colt's 
account  touching  Mr  Berkeley's  legacy  reported  that  the  sum  of 
£2  135.  Od.  was  due  from  Mr  Colt,  but  there  still  remains  unpaid 
to  Mr  Emerson  the  Solicitor  £21  0$.  3^.  and  to  Mr  Wilson  the 
Solicitor  £7  1  7s.  Qd.  which  Sums  Mr  Colt  was  desired  to  pay  as 
soon  as  the  interest  on  the  £500  Stock  was  sufficient  to  pay  the 
same. 


150  Vestries,  A.D.  1739-40, 

A  motion  being  made  whether  the  Tuesday's  Lectures  should 
be  continued  during  this  Summer  Half  Year,  a  division  was 
demanded  and  there  appeared  for  the  Lecture  21  and  the  Teller, 
and  against  the  Lecture  22  and  the  Teller,  the  Majority  was 
therefore  declared  against  the  Lecture. 

Alderman  Bernar,  Church  Warden. 

1739.  April  26.     The  question  being  whether  this  Vestry  would  allow 
Mr  Ladyman  the  Parish  Clerk  a  certain  Salary  or  not   It  was 
carried  by  a  great  majority  that  he  should  have  a  salary.     It  was 
then  agreed  That  the   Salary  should  be  Eight  Pounds  a  Year, 
but  only  during  the  pleasure  of  the  Vestry. 

October  18.  That  the  Church  Warden  do  provide  Mr  Gynand 
with  a  proper  pew  at  his  discretion  with  this  reservation,  that  if 
the  Vestry  shall  not  think  it  a  proper  pew,  then  they  may  be  at 
liberty  to  displace  the  said  family  again. 

1740.  February    28.       Committee     appointed     to    examine     the    Old 
Engine  and  if  they  find  it  as  bad  as  represented,  to  sell  it  and 
contract  for  a  new  Engine  of  the  modern  fashion  with  all  neces- 
sary utensils  for  working  the  same. 

Committee  appointed  to  draw  up  a  case  touching  the  several 
decrees  on  Mr  Berkeley's  Legacy  and  take  some  eminent  counsel's 
opinion  thereon. 

April  10.  On  the  report  of  the  above  Committee  ye  £500  was 
ordered  to  be  invested  in  the  names  of  the  Minister  and  Church 
Wardens. 

That  a  Church  Kate  be  made  of  Two  Pence  in  the  £ 

April  22.  It  being  represented  to  this  Vestry,  That  Mr 
Andrew  Dehoes  who  was  chosen  Under  Church  Warden  at  the  last 
Vestry  is  a  Jew  by  religion  and  a  very  unfit  person  to  execute  that 
office  It  was  agreed  that  he  should  be  excused  from  serving  the 
said  office  upon  payment  of  Fifteen  Guineas. 

April  25.  Mr  Hodges  paid  the  fine  of  £20  to  be  excused  from 
serving  the  office  of  Church  Warden  on  condition  that  he  should 
not  be  nominated  for  any  other  Ward  offices  previous  to  Christmas 
1743,  having  been  elected  Church  Warden  before  his  real  turn 
according  to  seniority.  Mr  Sparrow  was  then  elected  and  not 
being  at  home  to  give  an  answer  whether  he  would  serve,  the 
Vestry  adjourned  to  Eight  o'clock  to-morrow  morning. 

April  26.     Mr  Sparrow  sent  a  note  for  £25  to  be  excused  from 


Vestries,  A.D.  1740-1.  151 

serving  the  offices  of  Churchwarden,  Constable  and  Scavenger, 
which  offer  was  rejected,  and  it  was  carried  That  he  should  be 
excused  on  payment  of  £28,  which  Mr  Bernard  undertook  for  Mr 
Sparrow  should  be  complied  with,  and  Mr  Smith  was  chosen  Under 
Churchwarden. 

1740.  June  19.      But   notwithstanding    the    said   undertaking   of  M. 
Bernard  the  said  Mr  Sparrow  would  not  agree  to  pay  any  more 
than  £25  and  insisted  on  being  sworn  into  the  office  of  Church- 
warden which  he  accordingly  was  on  the  26th  of  April  last 
Therefore  this  Vestry  doth  excuse  the  said  undertaking  of  Mr 
Bernard  it  being  done  in  a  friendly  manner  to  serve  Mr  Sparrow, 
and  do  also  dissolve  and  declare  void  the  said  Election  of  Mr 
William  Smiths  being  chosen  Under  Churchwarden  for  the  reason 
abovementioned. 

Whereas  a  debate  arose  at  this  Vestry  touching  the  Bearers 
for  Funerals.  For  the  better  regulation  of  them  this  Vestry  doth 
order  the  Bearers  shall  be  settled  in  the  following  manner  viz. 
That  the  Clerk  shall  have  3  when  8,  3  when  6  and  2  when  4. 
The  Sexton  ess  to  have  3  when  8  2  when  6  and  1  when  4.  The 
Warder  2  when  8,  1  when  6  and  1  when  4. 

August  14.  Ordered  that  a  New  Kate  be  made  for  the  supply 
of  the  poor  not  to  exceed  the  sum  of  £65  for  every  quarter. 

Committee  appointed  to  inquire  after  a  proper  house  for  the 
reception  of  the  poor. 

October  21.  Committee  reported  that  they  had  agreed  with 
the  Churchwardens  of  S*  Olave,  after  viewing  five  little  tenements 
in  Gunpowder  Alley  in  Crutched  Fryars  to  take  a  lease  for  Seven, 
Eleven,  or  Fourteen  Years,  at  the  yearly  rent  of  Twenty  One 
Pounds,  clear  of  all  taxes  for  a  Workhouse  for  this  Parish,  and 
recommend  that  one  Mrs  Dodd  who  has  a  yard  and  washhouse 
part  of  the  said  premises  may  continue  tenant  who  now  pays 
£6  10s.  f  Annm  which  will  reduce  the  rent  to  £14  10*. 
f  ann. 

To  which  the  Vestry  agreed  and  ordered  a  lease  to  be  prepared 
accordingly. 

1741.  April  2.     The  Churchwarden  ordered  to  sell  out  £130  £3  f  C* 
Ann8  for  the  furnishing  of  the  Workhouse  &c. 

The  legacy  of  £500  left  by  Mr  Berkley  ordered  to  be  laid  out 
in  South  Sea  Stock  for  the  safety  and  benefit  of  the  Parish. 


152 


Vestries,  A.D.  1741. 


Full  copies  of  all  the  Orders  of  Vestry  and  decrees  on  this 
subject. 

1741.  April  5.  Eobert  Dingley  Jr  requested  leave  to  make  a  Vault 
for  his  father  and  family  in  the  footway  in  the  Churchyard  12  feet 
long  by  8  feet  wide.  Permission  granted  on  payment  of  £20,  the 
Rev.  Mr  Hay  wood  to  have  £6  10s.  thereof. 

July  23.  The  Workmen's  Bills  for  fitting  up  the  Workhouse 
amounting  to  about  £160  ordered  to  be  paid. 

Twenty-four  poor  in  the  Workhouse.  Committee  appointed 
to  meet  at  the  Workhouse  every  Wednesday. 

A  Bill  of  Fare  for  the  Workhouse  produced  by  Mr  Hunt  the 
Master  thereof  and  approved. 

December  17.  A  Matron  appointed  at  305.  ^  Quarter  during 
the  pleasure  of  the  Workhouse  Committee. 

March  11.  A  Committee  appointed  to  receive  Subscriptions 
and  proposals  for  the  building  an  Organ  and  Organ-loft  to  be  built 
from  the  pillar  of  the  North  side  of  the  Churchwardens  to  the 
South  wall.  Proposals  received  from  Mr  Griffin  and  Mr  Jordan. 

Mr  Griffin's  proposal. 

I  propose  to  build,  (at  my  own  proper  cost  &  charge)  set  up, 
and  completely  finish  a  new  Organ  value  Five  Hundred  Pounds 
and  to  consist  of  the  following  Stops  and  each  stop  of  the  number 
of  pipes  following. 


In  the  Great  Organ. 

One  Stopt  diapason  .  . 
Open  do.  .  . 
do.  principal  .  . 
do.  twelfth  .  . 
do.  fifteenth  .  . 
do.  Terce  .  .  . 
do.  Trumpet  .  . 
do.  Clarion  .  . 
do.  Sesquialtra 

five  ranks 
do.   Cornet      „ 

Choir  Organ    .     . 
Ecco  &  Swell  . 


In  the  Choir  Organ. 


56 

One  Stopt 

diapason  ^ 

by 

56 

Open 

do. 

communi- 

56 

do. 

principal  , 

cation. 

56 

do. 

Flute  . 

.     .     .     56 

56 

do. 

Vox  humane      .     56 

56 

112 

56 

/ 

56 

In  the  Ecco  and  Swell. 

,  280  One  Stopt  diapason  ...     32 

,  135  Open       do.      ...     32 

863  do.    Cornet  five  ranks  160 

,  112  do.   Trumpet  ...     32 

,  288  do.    Clarion     ...     32 

1263  288 


Vestries,  A.D.  1741.  153 

That  in  the  said  Organ  there  shall  be  three  new  strong  sound- 
ing boards,  and  three  new  rolling  boards,  and  three  new  strong 
pair  of  bellows,  of  such  length  and  breadth  as  to  give  wind  suffi- 
cient to  make  the  Chorus  plump  and  bold,  without  any  faintings, 
And  that  all  the  pipes  and  all  the  other  materials  of  the  said  Organ 
shall  be  entirely  new  and  such  as  have  not  already  been  made  use 
of  in  any  organ  whatsoever. 

That  the  Keys  shall  be  handsomely  made  and  that  the  Touch 
shall  be  easy  and  free  and  not  hard  or  deep. 

Item.  There  shall  be  an  entire  separate  frame  of  sufficient 
strength  to  support  the  sounding  boards,  and  all  other  the  inside 
work,  and  all  the  pipes  Except  those  pipes  of  the  open  diapason 
and  other  pipes  which  appear  in  front  and  are  to  be  affixed  in  the 
outside  Case  or  Frame,  and  that  all  the  conveyances  of  wind  from 
the  sounding  boards  to  the  front  pipes  or  from  the  Sounding 
boards  to  the  Cornet  or  any  other  conveyances  of  wind  from  the 
sounding  boards  to  any  other  pipes  or  stops,  shall  be  of  the  most 
proper. 

And  for  the  better  security  and  preservation  of  the  said  organ, 
all  parts  of  the  said  work  which  may  at  any  time  be  necessary  to 
be  opened  or  taken  asunder  for  the  better  cleaning,  repairing,  or 
amending  the  said  Organ  shall  be  fastened  with  Screws  or  Buttons 
without  any  Nails. 

Item.  I  will  make  or  cause  to  be  made  a  Compleat  Butifull 
outside  case  or  frame  of  Mahogany,  the  work  to  be  masterly 
finished  with  Beads,  Mouldings,  Carvings,  frees,  Cornishes  and 
other  ornaments,  and  that  the  front  of  the  said  Organ  shall  be  of 
the  shape  and  finished  in  the  same  manner  as  the  inclosed  plan. 

Item.  I  will  make  or  cause  to  be  made  all  the  pipes  which  are 
to  compose  this  Organ  to  imitate  the  natural  tone  of  the  several 
instruments  and  the  Humane  voice,  and  that  all  the  stops  in  the 
said  organ  shall  have  the  fulness  of  body,  sweetness,  and  justness 
of  tone  which  is  proper  to  the  said  several  different  stops,  and  all 
other  the  several  parts  of  the  said  Organ  shall  be  so  masterly 
finished  as  to  render  it  a  compleat  instrument,  and  when  finished 
will  submit  it  to  the  judgment  of  such  Organists  as  shall  be 
agreed  on. 

Item.  I  propose  to  keep  the  said  Organ  -in  tune,  in  repair, 
and  to  perform  on  it,  or  cause  it  to  be  performed  on  to  the  satis- 


154 


Vestries,  A.D.  1741. 


faction  of  the  parishioners,  or  the  major  part  of  them  during  the 
time  of  my  natural  life,  for  and  in  consideration  of  the  sum  of 
£250,  to  be  paid  within  after  the  Organ  is  opened, 

and  £25  <jp  Annum  during  the  said  term  of  my  natural  life ;  and 
in  case  it  should  at  any  time  happen  that  the  said  Organ  should 
not  be  played  on  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Parishioners,  and  notice 
thereof  given  or  left  in  writing  pursuant  to  an  Order  of  Vestry  of 
the  said  parish,  That  then  and  for  that  time  only,  the  said  annuity 
shall  cease  and  not  be  paid  'till  the  said  Organ  shall  be  played 
upon  again  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  said  parish. 

By  your  most  obedient  humble  Servant 

THOS.  GRIFFIN 

P.S.     The  pipes  in  the  front  of  the  Organ  to  be  guilt  with 
Gold. 


The  proposals  of  Abra  Jordan,  Organ  Builder,  John  Harris  & 
Co.  to  the  Revd  the  Minister  and  the  Gentlemen  of  St.  Helens  for 
a  New  Organ  to  be  erected  in  their  Church. 

On  the  Great  Organ  the  compass  is  from  GG  to  E  in  Alt  being 
54  Keys  &c. 

On  the  Chair  or  Choir  Organ  : — 
Open  diapazon  ...  21  pipes 

by  communication  .  33  otherwise. 
Stop'd  diapazon     .     .  29  pipes 


An  open  diapazon  .     .     54  speaking. 
Stopt  do.      .     .     54       do. 

Principal 54       do. 

Great  twelfth     ...    54       do. 

Fifteenth 54       do. 

Bass    Sexquialtra    of 

four  ranks  .  .  .  104 
Cornet  of  four  ranks  112 
Trumpet  ...  .  .  .  54 

540 


by  communication  &  25  otherwise. 
Principal 21 

by  communication  &  33  otherwise. 

Flute 54 

Vox  humane  ....  54 

199 


Eecho's  and  swelling  on  ye  third  sett  of  Keys. 

Open  diapazon 29  pipes 

Stop'd     do 29 

Trumpet 29 

Hautboy 29 

116 

Tis  to  be  observed  that  this  Organ  contains  855  valuable  speaking 
pipes  besides  the  advantage  of  71  more  that  speak  by  communi- 


Vestries,  A.D.  1742-3.  155 

cation.  Here  are  no  mixtures  or  supplemental  stops  of  small 
pipes  which  serve  for  little  else  than  to  make  the  appearance  of  a 
number  of  pipes  which  will  be  subject  to  be  out  of  Tune  upon  the 
least  variation  of  the  wind  of  the  Bellows  and  are  of  little  value 
and  strength  to  an  Organ.  The  above  Organ  if  after  you  have 
heard  it  meets  with  your  approbation,  we  will  sett  up  free  of  all 
other  charges  ye  gallery  being  prepared  for  the  sum  of  £350. 

We  are  Gent 

Yr  very  humble  Servts 

Budge  Row  March  ye  2  A.  Jordan  &  Comp. 

1741. 

1742.  April  22.     On  the  report  of  the  Committee,  the  Vestry  Clerk  was 
ordered   to   prepare   the   draft   of  the   Agreement  between   the 
Minister  and  Churchwardens  on    the   part    of    the   parish   with 
Mr  Thomas  Griffin,  the  Committee  having  contracted  and  agreed 
with  him,  for  the  building  of  the  Organ,  &c. 

December  15.  Bond  given  to  Mr  Alderman  Barnard  for  the 
balance  of  his  Accounts  as  Churchwarden  £154  17s.  Id.  Interest 
at  4  f  Cent  f  Annum. 

Committee  appointed  concerning  a  legacy  of  £100  left  by 
Mr  Roe  for  the  purchase  or  keeping  in  repair  of  a  Parsonage 
House  to  be  constantly  inhabited  by  the  Minister. 

Whereas  severall  poor  persons  who  are  not  willing  to  go  into 
the  workhouse,  have  been  very  troublesome  to  the  Churchwardens 
and  have  likewise  applied  to  this  Vestry  for  relief;  This  Vestry 

k  considering  such  practices  detrimental  to  the  Parish,  Order  That 

the  present  Churchwardens  and  all  succeeding  Churchwardens  for 
the  future  shall  not  at  any  time  or  times  hereafter,  give  any  Sum 
or  Sums  of  money  whatsoever  to  any  poor  person  belonging  to 
this  parish  who  shall  not  be  in  the  parish  Workhouse ;  And  this 
to  be  a  Standing  Order. 

1743.  November  3.     The  Committee  concerning  Mr  Rowe's  Legacy  re- 
ported that  they  had  waited  on  Mr.  Beechcraft  Ex'or  to  the  said 
Mr  Rowe  who  advised  them  that  it  would  be  proper  to  apply  to 
Counsel  touching  the  same,  for  that  in  his  opinion  they  were 
deprived  by  the  Mortmain  Act  to  receive  it.     The  Committe  were 
then  directed  to  apply  to  Counsel  and  to  Act  and  do  as  they  shall 
think  proper,  and  if  the  said  Committee  think  proper  to  pay  £200 


156  Vestries,  A.D.  1744-5. 

to  the  Augmentation  of  Queen  Anne's  Bounty,  this  Vestry  do 
desire  Mr.  Alderman  Barnard  and  Mr.  John  Lodge  to  lend  £100 
each  to  this  parish  at  4  ^  Cent  ^  Annum,  the  Churchwardens  to 
give  two  separate  Bonds  for  the  same. 

Church  Rate  to  be  made  of  2d  in  the  pound. 

Faculty  to  be  procured  for  opening  the  organ. 

1741.  March  29.     Committee  appointed  to  consider  of  ways  and  means 
to  discharge  the  parish  debts. 

Ordered.  That  the  Churchwardens  do  give  directions  to  the 
Parish  Clerk  to  give  publick  notice  in  the  Church  the  Sunday 
morning  before  they  intend  to  call  a  Vestry  the  week  following, 
and  also  of  the  business  intended  to  be  done  at  such  Vestry. 

William  Carvell  being  in  attendance,  the  Churchwarden  re- 
ported that  his  wife  and  children  were  in  the  workhouse  in  con- 
sequence of  his  having  run  away  from  them  to  live  with  another 
woman :  Whereupon  It  was  agreed  that  he  should  be  immediately 
taken  into  Custody  and  carried  to  the  Compter  that  night  as  a 
Vagrant.  The  said  Carvell  was  then  charged  with  a  Constable 
and  taken  to  the  Compter  accordingly. 

June  7.  N.B.  £130  has  been  borrowed  from  Sir  John 
Lawrence's  money  for  the  finishing  the  workhouse. 

On  the  application  of  Mrs.  Sprackling  the  Sextoness  it  was 
agreed  to  raise  her  salary  from  £4  ^  Ann.  to  £6  ^  Ann. 

August  2.  Robert  Bradley  chosen  Organ  Blower  at  a  Salary 
of  Forty  Shillings  f  Ann. 

Alderman  Cokayne  Churchwarden.* 

December  12.  Revd  Mr  Willmott  attended  this  and  several 
following  Vestrys  for  Revd  Mr  Colton. 

1745.  December  16.     Election  for  Parish  Clerk  in  the  room  of  John 
Ladyman  deceased. 

Ordered.  That  the  Election  be  by  holding  up  of  hands.  In 
nomination,  Thomas  Hill  and  Thomas  Londindine.  It  appearing 
to  this  Vestry  that  Thomas  Hill  had  a  very  great  Majority  of 
Votes  was  now  declared  by  Mr.  Alderman  Cokayne  to  be  duly 


*  Francis  Cokayne,  Aldn  of  Cornhill  Ward,  Sheriff  1746,  Mayor  1751, 
Died  1767.  "  A  Court  of  Aldermen  was  held  at  Guildhall,  17  Novr  1767,  when 
£100  was  ordered  to  be  paid  to  the  Widow  of  the  late  worthy  Alderman 
Cockayne,  as  a  testimony  of  the  sense  they  entertained  of  his  ever  being  ready 
and  willing  to  serve  his  fellow  Citizens."— Gent.  Mag.,  vol.  xxxvii.  p.  560. 


Vestries,  A.D.  1745-6.  157 

elected  Parish  Clerk  who  being  called  in  promised  to  behave  well 
in  his  office. 

1745.  February  17,     This  Vestry  called   to   consider  what  method  to 
take  to  make  good  the  deficiences  of  Mr.  Churchwarden  Stevens, 
he  being  now   under   misfortunes.     The  Vestry  Clerk  reported 
that  by  desire  of  the  Upper  Churchwarden  he  had  waited  on  Mr 
Stevens  to  settle  the  account  between  him  and  the  Parish,  and  it 
now  appears  by  the  said  account  laid  before  this  Vestry,  that 
Mr  Stevens  had  collected  half  a  year  on  his  Poor  Hate  which 
amounted  to  £118  4$.  Of/,  and  had  paid  on  account  of  the  parish 
the  sum   of  £61    18$.    5d.   the   balance   whereof  amounting   to 
£56  5*.  Id.  he  is  not  at  present  able  to  pay,  but  desires  time  to 
pay  the  same.     Mr  Stevens  also  delivered  up  the  Poor  Hate  Book 
and  desired  to  be  concerned  no  further  in  the  collection  thereof. 

Mr  Church  Warden  Cokayne  and  JVT  Tuff  were  requested  to 
meet  Mr  Stevens's  Creditors  and  impowered  to  act  as  they  shall 
think  proper  for  the  benefit  of  the  Parish. 

Mr  Tuff  also  agreed  to  collect  the  remaining  half-year's  Poor 
Kate. 

1746.  December  15.     Whereas  at  a  Vestry  held  the  17th  day  of  February 
last  it  appears  by  an  entry  then  made  that  the  balance  on  Mr 
Churchwarden  Stevens' s  account  to  this  parish  was  £56  6$.  Id.  but 
upon  Mr  Alderman  Cokayne' s  settling  the  said  account  with  Mr 
Stevens  he  made  it  appear  that  there  was  but  £47  12$.  Sd.  due 
from  him  to  the  parish,  and  Mr  Alderman  Cokayne  being  present 
at  this  Vestry  reported  that  he  had  received  the  sum  of  £16  13$.  Od. 
by  way  of  composition  for  the  use  of  the  parish  in  full  for  the  said 
£47  12$.  Sd.  and  that  he  had  given  a  receipt  in  full  for  the  same 
on  the  behalf  of  this  Vestry,  which  this  Vestry  now  consents  and 
agrees  to,  and  accordingly  this  Vestry  now  returns  the  said  Mr 
Alderman  Cokayne  and  Mr  Tuff  thanks  for  the  trouble  they  have 
had  on  this  occasion. 

January  20.  Vestry  summoned  at  the  request  and  expense  of 
John  Cooke  who  desired  to  take  a  new  lease  of  the  house  he 
occupied  formerly  granted  to  Mr  Poole.  Complaint  and  objection 
was  made  by  several  parishioners  that  the  said  Cooke  fed  and 
kept  great  numbers  of  Cattle  in  the  Cellar  and  killed  the  same  on 
the  said  premises  and  also  suffered  the  Hides  and  Skins  to  lay  in 
the  shop  for  several  days  which  occasioned  a  very  great  stench ; 


158  Vestries,  A.D.  1747. 

all  which  proceedings  this  Vestry  think  a  very  great  nuisance. 
On  which  Mr  Cooke  agreed  to  enter  into  a  penalty  in  the  said 
lease  not  to  have  any  kind  of  Cattle  killed  on  the  said  premises, 
nor  to  allow  any  Hides  or  Skins  to  lay  there.  Debate  arising 
thereon,  It  was  carried,  Nemine  Contradicente,  That  they  would 
not  let  the  house  to  the  said  Cooke,  or  to  any  other  Butcher  what- 
soever, It  being  deemed  by  this  Vestry  that  the  carrying  on  such 
a  trade  in  a  public  street  is  a  great  nuisance.  And  therefore  it  is 
ordered  by  thi&  Vestry,  that  in  case  any  person  shall  sett  up  and 
follow  the  trade  of  a  Butcher  in  this  parish  for  the  future,  he  or 
she  shall  be  prosecuted  for  the  same  as  the  Law  directs  at  the 
expense  and  charge  of  this  parish. 

1747.  May  1.  Mrs  Bernard,  widow  of  Alderman  Bernard  a  worthy  In- 
habitant of  this  parish,  desired  leave  to  erect  a  Monument  at  her 
own  expense  in  memory  of  her  late  Husband,  against  the  Wall 
adjoining  to  the  Vestry  Door.  But  a  debate  arising  whether  that 
part  of  the  church  was  in  the  chancell  or  not  It  was  agreed 
That  if  the  parish  have  a  right,  to  make  Mrs  Bernard  a  present  of 
the  said  Grant,  and  that  she  have  leave  to  erect  a  Monument 
there  (subject  to  the  above  proviso)  of  the  following  dimensions — 
viz.  8  ft.  in  length,  to  project  2  ft.  10  in.  and  to  be  15  ft.  and  a 
half  in  height. 

The  Churchwardens  were  ordered  to  wait  on  Mrs  Bernard  with 
the  above  order,  and  (to  inform  her)  that  some  Gentlemen  think 
there  is  a  more  convenient  place  to  erect  the  said  Monument  and 
to  offer  her  a  place  against  the  wall  between  Mr  Alderman 
Chamberlain's  Monument  and  the  pulpit.* 

September  10.  Election  for  Sextoness  determined  by  a  great 
majority  that  it  should  be  by  balloting,  and  to  be  determined  by 
one  Ballot.  Mary  Green  elected. 

October  28.  Letter  sent  to  the  Churchwardens  by  Mr  Hob1 
Dingley  stating  that  his  mother  had  died  intestate,  but  as  he  knew 
it  was  her  intention  that  something  should  be  given  for  the 
benefit  of  the  Poor  Proposed  to  give  Twenty  Guineas  on  their 
agreeing  to  allow  twelve  twopenny  loaves  to  the  twelve  most 


*  The  monument  was  erected  against  the  wall  adjoining  the  Vestry 
door ;  but,  singular  to  say,  during  the  restoration  of  the  two  Chapels  of  the 
Holy  Ghost,  and  of  the  Virgin,  in  1874,  it  was  removed  very  nearly  to  the 
spot  above  mentioned. 


Vestries,  A.D.  1747-8.  159 

worthy  persons  every  Sacrament  Sunday  for  ever,  over  and  above 
their  present  allowance.  Also  for  permission  to  place  a  Tablet 
against  the  wall  of  the  lower  end  of  the  Church  not  exceeding 
three  foot  square. 

It  being  considered  that  the  interest  of  the  said  Twenty 
Guineas  was  not  a  sufficient  allowance  to  defray  the  expense  of 
the  provision  of  Bread,  that  part  of  his  proposal  was  rejected,  and 
it  was  agreed,  that  he  should  be  at  liberty  to  erect  the  said  Tablet 
whenever  he  pleased  Gratis. 

1747.  December  17.     It  was  reported  that  Mr  Dingley  was  willing  to 
make  some  additions  to  his  proposal :  whereupon  It  was  resolved 
That  if  Mr  Dingley  would  purchase  so  much  Stock  in  the  3  ^  C* 
annuities  that  the  annual  interest  thereof  should  bring  in  Twenty- 
four  Shillings  <jp  ann.  clear  to  the  Parish,  the  same  should  be  laid 
out  according  to  his  proposals  But  would  not  accept  the  trust  on 
any  other  Terms. 

Leave  granted  to  Mr  Thomas  Payne  to  place  a  Stone  in  the 
North  Wall  of  the  Church,  between  the  Bread  Table  and  the  Old 
Tomb,  the  dimensions  about  3  f *  by  2  f*. 

1748.  March  3.     The   above   permission   to  Mr  Payne   was    excepted 
against  at  this  Vestry  and  not  confirmed ;  and  it  is  now  Ordered 
That  the  said  order  be  revoked. 

April  14.  Leave  given  to  the  Trustees  of  Charity  Schools  for 
the  Children  to  come  to  a  public  rehearsal  to  this  Church.  To 
make  good  all  damage,  and  also  to  be  at  the  expense  of  cleaning 
the  Church. 

May  19.  Vestry  summoned  to  prevent  disputes  between  the 
Churchwarden  and  the  Widow  Blackborow  who  had  the  cleaning 
and  taking  of  the  Church  Clock,  which  the  Churchwarden 

considered  he  ought  to  do,  being  a  Clockmaker.  Leave  given  to  him. 

December  15.  The  Fire  Cock  by  the  Pump  ordered  to  be  re- 
moved to  another  place  and  repaired. 

Robert  Dingley  by  Letter  now  offered  Thirty  Pounds  to  the 
Parish  on  condition  that  the  following  entry  be  made  on  the  Table 
of  Donations. 

"  Mrs  Susannah  Dingley  gave  Thirty  Pounds  to  this  Parish 
that  two  shillings  be  distributed  in  Bread  every  first  Sunday  in  the 
month  for  ever  to  twelve  poor  parishioners  who  are  most  constant 
at  the  Sacrament,  over  and  above  their  usual  allowance."" 


160  Vestries,  A.D.  1749-51. 

This  proposal  being  taken  into  consideration  was  unanimously 
agreed  to. 

1749.  March  28.     The  above  sum  of  Thirty  Pounds  laid  out  in  New 
South  Sea  Annuities. 

Mr  Walker  had  leave  to  lay  down  a  Stone  over  his  late  wife  in 
the  passage  to  the  Church,  the  Vestry  reserving  their  right  to  the 
ground  to  bury  any  other  person. 

Mr  Guynand  fined  £20  to  be  excused  serving  Under  Chwarden. 
October  26.  Revd  Mr  Perfect  for  Revd  Mr  Colton  who  has  only 
attended  one  Vestry  (April  3,  1746).  Mr  Willimott  previously. 

R.  Margerum  chosen  Master  of  Workhouse  at  Twelve  Guineas 
^  Ann.  in  room  of  Mr  Hunt  who  had  Fifteen  Guineas. 

December  14.     Richard  Boyfield  chosen  Vestry  Clerk. 

1750.  January    16.     That    Mr   Tuff    late    Churchwarden   do   pay   the 
balance  of  this  (his)  account  £52  16$.  2&     (Mr  Tuff  went  out  of 
office  April  1747).     Question  being  put  that  he  should  pay  One 
Years  Interest  thereon  was  negatived. 

Rate  made  towards  paying  the  debts  of  the  Parish  the  said 
debts  amounting  to  £259  6*.  I0d. 

April  19.  Mr  Marchant  had  leave  to  lay  a  flat  Stone  over  the 
Grave  of  his  late  wife,  reserving  to  the  parish  the  right  of  the 
ground. 

Mr  Hale  also  had  leave  to  lay  a  flat  stone  over  his  daughter's 
grave  on  the  same  conditions. 

December  18.  This  Vestry  taking  into  consideration  a  method 
to  regulate  the  holding  of  Vestrys  for  this  Parish  for  the  time  to 
come,  Do  hereby  Order,  That  for  the  future  a  Vestry  to  be  held 
within  fourteen  days  after  every  Quarter  day  in  every  Year  except 
Lady  Day  quarter. 

1751.  January  14.     Mr  J.  L.  Berchere  had  leave  to  lay  a  Stone  on  the 
grave  of  his  late  wife,  on  the  above  conditions. 

February  19.  Mr  Robert  Dingley  applied  for  leave  to  make  a 
Vault  in  the  footway  in  the  Church  yard  Six  feet  and  a  half  wide 
and  Nine  feet  and  a  half  from  out  to  out,  and  in  regard  that  Mr 
Ward  was  not  an  Inhabitant,  It  is  ordered,  That  upon  Mr  Dingley's 
paying  the  sum  of  Forty  Pounds,  he  may  have  liberty  to  make 
such  vault.  .  .  .  Mr  Dingley  refused  to  comply  therewith. 

Mr  Tuff  acquainted  the  Vestry  that  the  R1  Honble  Francis 
Cockayne,  Esq.,  the  present  Lord  Mayor  (Churchwarden  1745), 


Vestries,  A.D.  1751-3.  161 

intends  coming  to  this  Parish  Church  on  Sunday  the  24th  of 
March  to  hear  a  Charity  Sermon.  And  therefore  moved  That  a 
proper  Stand  for  the  Sword  of  State  with  his  Lordship's  Arms  be 
erected  at  the  expense  of  this  Parish.  Which  is  ordered  accord- 
ingly to  be  erected  agreeable  to  the  directions  of  the  Church- 
wardens and  Common  Councilmen. 

1751.  April  11.    The  Committee  appointed  to  enquire  into  the  affairs 
of  the  workhouse  reported  that  for  three  years  last  past  the  average 
expenditure  had  been  £239  13s.  %d.  f  ann.     That  the  Annual 
Expenses  of  maintaining  the  Poor  according  to  the  agreement  with 
one  John  Thruckstone  amounted  £195.     The  Committee  directed 
to  enquire  if  the  parish  of  S1  Olave's  will  make  any  abatement  of 
the  rent  of  the  workhouse. 

1752.  January  8.     Revd  Mr  Looker  for  Mr  Colton. 

Mr  John  Lodge  had  leave  to  make  a  Vault  in  the  Church  under 
those  two  pews  in  the  South  Choir  near  the  Chapel  in  the  passage 
going  to  the  Pulpit,  eleven  foot  long  and  eleven  foot  wide  from  out 
to  out,  and  eight  foot  long  by  seven  foot  wide  clear  inside  and  ten 
foot  deep  below  the  pavement  of  the  Church  on  payment  of 
Twenty  Pounds. 

April  2.  Mr  Chandler  reported  that  he  had  searched  the  ground 
and  that  a  Vault  might  be  made  agreeable  to  the  foregoing  order. 

October  19.  Ordered  That  the  duty  of  Constable  be  paid  by 
the  parish. 

1753.  July  26.     The  various  sums  of  Money  lying  in  different  Stocks  the 
property  of  the  parish  having  been  ordered  to  be  transfered  into 
one  general  account,  and  laid  out  in  the  purchase  of  Three  <J*  C* 
Bank  Annuities,  the  account  thereof  was  now  produced  as  follows. 

£110  3s.  2d.  South  Sea  Bought  £550  Bank  Ann8 

Stk  sold  at  120  f-  C'.  .  132    3  10          1726  at  104£  ^  C».  .     .  572  13    9 
£389 16s.  IQd.  New  South  Brokerage          13    6 

Sea  Ann8  sold  at  106 

f-  Cl 413    4     7 

'  £30  New  South  Sea  Ann8 

sold  at  106  f-  C*.     .     .    31  16    0 

577    4    5 
Less  Transfer  &  Brokerage      150      Balance  to  Chh  Warden  .      2  12    2 


£575  19    5  £575  19    5 

M 


162  Vestries,  A.L>.  1754-5. 

£200  had  been  previously  transferee!  by  Aldm  Bernard's  Exera 
making  the  whole  of  the  parish  Stock  £750  3  ^  Cfc  Bk.  Ann8 1726. 

1754.  January  10.     Mr  Payne  had  leave  to  lay  a  Stone  over  his  Wife's 
grave  on  the  usual  conditions. 

That  all  Certificates  granted  by  this  Parish  be  for  the  future 
registered  in  a  Book. 

January  24.  Committee  appointed  to  treat  for  a  new  lease  of 
the  workhouse  or  for  other  premises  suitable  for  the  purpose. 

April  18.  The  above  Committee  reported  that  they  had  agreed 
with  the  Parish  of  S*  Olave  Hart  Street  for  a  lease  of  the  Work- 
house for  Seven,  Eleven  or  Fourteen  Years  at  £21  ^  ann. 

June  27.  The  Workhouse  Committee  agreed  with  Mr  Hawes 
an  Apothecary  for  his  attendance  and  medicines  for  the  poor  of 
this  parish  at  £10  ^  ann. 

At  the  request  of  some  of  the  Parishioners  It  was  moved,  That 
the  Revd  Mr  Romaine  might  have  the  use  of  this  Church  for  the 
reading  of  prayers  and  preaching  a  Sermon  One  day  in  a  week. 
Consideration  thereof  adjourned  to  the  next  Vestry. 

October  10.  The  above  Motion  was  given  up  by  the  Gentlemen 
on  whose  behalf  it  was  made. 

The  Upper  Church  Warden  Clarke  having  removed  out  of  the 
parish,  the  Under  Warden  Mr  Scattergood  was  elected  Upper 
Churchwarden,  and  Mr  Knox  and  Mr  Craghead  were  successively 
elected  Under  Churchwardens  for  the  remainder  of  the  year  and 
were  excused  on  paying  their  fines. 

October  24.  Mr  William  Walker  elected  Under  Church- 
warden. 

Committee  appointed  to  meet  and  agree  with  Mr  Joseph  Eyre 
about  a  new  Lease  of  the  premises  over  the  Gateway  upon  the  best 
terms  they  can  for  the  advantage  of  this  parish. 

1755.  April  3.     Election  for  Sextoness,  To  be  determined  by  one  Ballot 
and  the  highest  number  upon  the  said  Ballot  to  be  the  Sextoness 
in  the  room  of  Mary  Green  deceased. 

For  Catharine  Green 50 

Margaret  Lonondine 9 

Amy  Gwillan 2 

Elizabeth  Read 0 

Mr  Henry  Guynand  Senr  applied  for  leave  to  build  a  Vault  in 


Vestries,  A.D.  1755-6.  163 

the  Church  near  Bancroft's  Monument  which  was  granted  on 
condition  that  he  should  pay  the  sum  of  Thirty  Pounds  and  also 
have  leave  to  fix  a  Tombstone  flat  against  the  North  Wall. 

At  the  next  Vestry  this  Order  was  revoked  in  consequence  of 
Mr  Guynand  refusing  to  comply  therewith. 

Ordered.  That  when  and  as  often  as  there  shall  be  occasion 
for  opening  any  Vault  or  Vaults  belonging  to  any  person  or 
persons  who  heretofore  have  had  or  who  hereafter  shall  or  may 
have  liberty  to  make  a  Vault  or  Vaults,  the  person  or  persons 
giving  directions  for  the  opening  such  Vault  or  Vaults  shall  from 
time  to  time  pay  such  and  the  like  expense  of  breaking  the  groun  . 
and  also  pay  such  other  fees  as  are  usual  and  customary  to  be  paid 
on  the  burial  of  every  other  person  not  having  a  Vault  in  this 
parish. 

1755.  April  15.     Ordered.     That   no   person   or   persons    shall  for  the 
future  have  liberty  to  build  a  Vault  in  the  Church  or  Church  Yard 
unless  they  pay  £30  for  the  same. 

Mr  Dingley  applied  for  leave  to  lengthen  his  Vault  in  the 
Church  Yard,  7  foot  6  in.  which  was  agreed  to  on  his  paying 
Twelve  Pounds  for  the  use  of  the  Parish. 

That  the  Parish  Clerk,  Sextoness  and  Beadle  have  Twenty 
Shillings  a  year  added  to  their  Salaries  in  lieu  of  the  Sacrament 
Money  and  Bread  usually  given  them. 

October  9.  Mr  Warrand  complained  of  being  overrated  in  the 
last  rate  made  for  the  use  of  the  Poor,  on  which  the  question  was 
put  Whether  he  should  pay  Fourteen  Shillings  or  Eleven  Shillings ; 
and  on  holding  up  of  Hands  it  appeared  that  the  majority  are  of 
opinion  that  Mr  Warrand  should  pay  Fourteen  Shillings  which  was 
accordingly  ordered. 

Mr  Boulter  also  complained  of  being  overrated  and  the  ques- 
tion was  put  whether  he  should  pay  Twenty  Shillings  or  Sixteen 
Shillings.  The  majority  decided  that  he  should  pay  Twenty 
Shillings. 

1756.  January  15.     Mr  Lord  chosen  Master  of  the  Workhouse,  in  the 
room  of  Mr  Marjorum,  deceased. 

That  the  Churchwardens  distrain  the  goods  of  Benjamin  Evans 
for  a  year's  poor  rate  and  a  year's  overrate  due  to  this  parish  and 
that  Mr  Boyfield  (Vestry  Clerk)  do  attend  the  Churchwardens  at 
the  time  of  making  the  said  distress. 

M  '2 


164  Vestries,  A.D.  1756-7. 

1756.  April  22.     The  above  order  annulled. 

October  14.  Mr  Gardner  had  leave  to  lay  a  flat  stone  over  his 
child's  grave  in  the  Church  Yard;  the  parish  reserving  the  right  of 
burying  there. 

Mrs  Hawkins  had  leave  to  lay  a  flat  stone  over  her  late 
husband's  grave  in  the  Church  Yard  on  the  same  condition. 

Notice  ordered  to  be  given  to  Mr  Lord  the  Master  of  the 
Workhouse  to  quit  the  service  of  the  parish  at  Xmas. 

Mr  Edward  Bradley  a  practitioner  offered  to  succeed  Mr  Lord. 
Chosen  at  the  next  Vestry. 

Ordered,  That  the  sense  of  the  next  Vestry  be  taken  with 
respect  to  the  Burial  of  Strangers  in  the  Church  Yard. 

1757.  January  13.     Ordered.     That  if  any  application  shall  hereafter 
be  made  on  behalf  of  any  person  having  a  Husband  or  Wife  Son 
or  Daughter  before  interred  in  this  parish  to  be  buried  in  or  near 
their  grave,  then  such  fees  shall  be  paid  for  opening  the  ground  as 
customary,  but  if  an  application  should  be  made  on  behalf  of  any 
person  having  any  relation  (except  as  above)  before  interred  in  this 
Parish  to  be  buried  in  or  near  their  grave,  in  such  case  double  fees 
shall  be  paid  for  opening  the  ground,  and  if  any  application  should 
be  made  for  any  person  having  no  relation  before  interred  in  this 
Parish,  then  the  sum  of  Four  Pounds  shall  be  paid  for  opening  the 
ground  in  the  Church  and  the  sum  of  Forty  Shillings  for  opening 
the  ground  in  the  Church  Yard. 

That  the  Parish  Clerk  or  his  Successors  shall  not  break  or 
cause  to  be  broke  any  ground  in  the  Church  or  Church  Yard  for 
the  burial  of  any  person  or  persons  without  leave  for  that  purpose 
first  had  and  obtained  from  the  Upper  Church  Warden  and  further 
That  every  grave  where  the  ground  will  admit,  shall  be  dug  Seven 
feet  at  least  from  the  surface  of  the  Earth. 

Mary  Moreton  appointed  a  Searcher  in  the  room  of  Mrs 
Saunders  deceased. 

April  14.  That  the  Table  of  Fees  for  Burials  Christnings  and 
Marriages  be  wrote  in  a  strong  legible  hand  and  hung  up  in  the 
Vestry  Room. 

The  Orders  relating  to  the  burial  of  Strangers  and  restraining 
the  Parish  Clerk  also  Ordered  to  be  written  in  a  strong  legible 
hand  and  hung  up  in  the  Vestry. 

October  13.     The  Order  of  Decr  1750  relating  to  holding  of 


Vestries,  A.D.  1758-60.  165 

Vestrys  repealed  and  it  is  Ordered  That  the  Churchwardens  shall 
and  may  for  the  future  summon  and  call  a  Vestry  or  Vestrys  at 
such  time  as  they  shall  think  proper. 

1758.  March  30.     Ordered.     That  a  fine  of  £30  shall   for   the  future 
be  paid  by  every  person  refusing  to  serve  or  desiring  to  be  excused 
from  serving  the  office  of  Church  Warden  of  this  parish. 

1759.  January  11.     That  the  Vestry  Clerk  do  wait  on  Mr  Farley  and 
inform  him  that  unless  he  sends  the  accounts  of  his  late  Church- 
wardenship  to  be  audited  and  settled  forthwith  this  parish  must 
take  proper  measures  to  compel  him. 

June  28.  Edward  Bradley  chosen  Parish  Clerk  unanimously 
in  the  room  of  Thomas  Hill,  deceased. 

1760.  January  31.     Mr  Walker  resigned  the  office  of  Engineer. 

April  10.  Samuel  Osborn  chosen  Engineer  at  the  yearly 
Salary  of  Thirty  Shillings  and  to  have  5<s.  a  Quarter  to  play  the 
Engine  four  times  every  year  to  keep  the  same  in  order  and  the 
further  sum  of  Ten  Shillings  and  Six  pence  each  time  he  shall  be 
assisting  at  any  fire  besides  the  expenses  he  may  be  at  upon  any 
such  occasion. 

That  for  the  future  the  Upper  Churchwarden  for  the  time 
being  shall  have  the  care  and  management  of  the  Poor  and  that 
the  Under  Churchwarden  for  the  time  being  shall  have  the  care 
and  management  of  the  Church  so  far  as  relates  to  the  receipts 
and  payments  thereof. 

That  for  the  future  a  Copy  of  the  Minutes  of  every  Vestry  held 
for  this  Parish  be  delivered  to  the  Churchwardens  for  the  time 
being. 

July  10.  Letter  from  the  Comptroller  of  City  Lands  that  the 
ground  on  which  the  workhouse  stands  will  be  required  in  making 
a  Street  50  feet  wide  from  Crutched  Friars  into  the  Minories,  and 
requesting  them  to  make  a  valuation  thereof  which  they  estimate 
at  Sixty  Pounds  for  the  remainder  of  their  Lease.  And  a  Contract 
was  entered  into  Octr  30  with  Mr  Solomon  Pepper  of  Hoxton  to  farm 
the  Poor.  No  further  communication  appears  to  have  been  made 
by  the  City  Land  Committee  and  on  January  22  1761  the  Goods 
&c.  in  the  workhouse  in  Crutched  Friars  belonging  to  this  Parish 
were  ordered  to  be  forthwith  sold,  and  (Mar.  26)  the  Church 
Wardens  are  desired  to  treat  with  any  persons  for  the  disposal  of 
the  remainder  of  the  Lease  for  such  price  as  they  shall  think 


166  Vestries,  A.D.  1761-2. 

proper,  and  in  case  they  cannot  dispose  of  the  same  before 
Midsummer  day,  they  are  then  to  give  notice  to  the  Parish  of 
St  Olaves  to  determine  the  said  lease  at  Christmas  day  next  ensuing. 

1761.  April  9.     That  a  fine  of  Forty  Shillings  shall  be  paid  by  every 
person  refusing  to  serve  or  desiring  to  be  excused  from  serving 
the  office  of  Sideman  of  this  Parish. 

Mr  Thomas  Maynard  proposed  to  fine  for  the  Office  of  Church- 
warden notwithstanding  his  turn  by  rotation  may  not  happen 
these  Seven  Years.  It  was  agreed  that  he  should  be  excused 
serving  the  said  office  on  paying  the  sum  of  £25. 

May  28.  Mr  Dingley  had  leave  to  add  a  small  border  of  Nine 
Inches  round  the  Monument  erected  by  him  some  years  since  to 
the  memory  of  his  family. 

Mr  Mills  had  leave  to  lay  a  flat  stone  over  the  Grave  of  a 
relation. 

August  27.  Advertisements  having  been  inserted  in  the  daily 
papers  to  lett  the  premises  lately  exchanged  with  Mr  Eyre  on  a 
Building  lease,  several  proposals  were  received  and  a  lease  was 
agreed  to  be  granted  to  James  Stone  being  the  highest  bidder  for 
61  years  at  a  yearly  rent  of  Twelve  Guineas,  Mr  Stone  also  agreeing 
to  give  Five  Guineas  for  the  use  of  the  Poor. 

October  30.  A  Surveyer  having  been  engaged  to  value  certain 
premises  to  be  exchanged  with  the  parish  and  Mr  Eyre,  reported 
that  Mr  Eyre  should  have  all  the  premises  over  and  against  the 
Gateway  leading  into  Great  S*  Helens.  The  parish  taking  the 
premises  on  the  North  Side  and  paying  him  the  sum  of  £20  10s. 

1762.  January  14.     Mr  Jacob  Hodgson  had  leave  to  lay  a  flat  Stone 
over  his  Wife's  grave,  for  which  favour  he  gave  Half  a  Guinea  for 
the  use  of  the  Poor. 

The  question  was  put  and  Negatived,  That  three  children  of 
Mr  Durand  (a  parishioner)  buried  in  the  Church  Yard  might  be 
removed  and  buried  in  the  Church. 

April  15.  That  for  the  future  no  part  of  the  money  that  may 
be  collected  in  the  Bason  for  the  use  of  the  Poor  on  any  occasion 
whatever  shall  be  given  to  the  Parish  Clerk,  Sextoness  or  Beadle. 
And  further  that  the  money  given  them  out  of  the  Collection 
received  at  the  last  Fast  day  for  the  Poor  be  refunded. 

That  for  the  future  there  shall  be  no  swearing  in  dinner  pro- 
vided at  the  expense  of  this  Parish  (Swearing  in  Chh  WarD). 


Vestries,  A.D.  1763-4.  167 

Revoked  at  the  next  Vestry. 

Motion  Negatived,  That  the  Procession  on  Ascension  Day  be 
once  in  three  Years  only. 

That  such  Procession  be  continued  annually  and  that  instead 
of  2$.  6d.  usually  collected  of  the  parishioners  upon  that  day,  a  sum 
of  Five  Shillings  be  collected.  The  last  part  of  this  Order  was 
repealed  at  the  next  Vestry. 

1763.  April  7.     That  an  Inventory  and  Account  of  the  several  Writings, 
Plate,  Books,  and  Papers,  belonging  to  this  Parish  be  made  and 
taken  by  the  Vestry  Clerk  and  entered  into  a  Book  to  be  provided 
for  that  purpose,  and  delivered  to  the  Under  Church  Warden  and 
by  him  to  his  Successor  in  that  Office  and  so  from  time  to  time 
upon  any  election  of  an  Under  Church  Warden,  such  Book  to  be 
delivered  to  the  person  so  elected,  to  the  end  that  such  Book  may 
remain  in  the  custody  of  the  Under  Church  Warden  for  the  time 
being. 

July  26.  That  the  Church  Wardens  do  forthwith  proceed 
against  Mr  Chas  Chandler  late  Church  Warden  for  the  recovery  of 
the  Moneys  due  from  him  to  this  Parish. 

October  6.  Committee  appointed  to  inspect  the  repairs  of  the 
Church  reported,  That  the  expense  thereof  would  be  £1000  or 
thereabouts,  Whereupon  it  was  ordered,  That  the  Church  be 
thoroughly  repaired  and  the  said  Committee  do  raise  the  money 
necessary  for  that  purpose  by  way  of  Annuities  for  Lives  or 
otherwise  as  may  appear  most  for  the  advantage  of  this  Parish. 

Estimate  to  be  taken  and  laid  before  the  next  Vestry  of  the 
expense  of  putting  up  a  Screen  or  Partition  (for  keeping  the 
Church  warm  at  the  lower  end)  under  the  Organ  Loft. 

This  Order  revoked  at  the  next  Vestry. 

1764.  January  10.     It  is  ordered,  That  Mr  Chandler  have  till  the  1st  day 
of  March  to  pay  the  arrears  due  from  (him)  to  this  Parish  and  if 
not  paid  in  that  time  This  Vestry  doth  order  the  Church  Wardens 
for  the  time  being  to  proceed  against  him  for  the  recovery  of  such 
arrears  and  that  the  Vestry  Clerk  acquaint  him  by  Letter  of  this 
resolution. 

April  26.  Sam1  Osborn  and  Isaac  Moses  were  elected  Sides- 
men, but  in  case  the  said  Mr  Moses  shall  desire  to  be  excused 
from  serving  the  said  office,  This  Vestry  doth  consent  thereto  on 
his  paying  the  fine  of  forty  shillings.  And  in  such  case  this  Vestry 


168  Vestries,  A.D.  1764. 

doth  declare  Mr  Thomas  Coward  to  be  duly  elected  Sidesman  in 
the  room  of  the  said  Mr  Moses. 

That  there  be  no  procession,  nor  any  Taggs,  Cakes  and  Ale 
given  away  on  next  Ascension  Day,  on  account  of  the  repairing  of 
the  Church,  but  the  parishioners  to  dine  together  as  usual. 

That  the  Money  for  repairing  the  Church  be  raised  by  Annuities 
upon  Lives  on  the  following  terms,  viz. — 

40  Years  to  45  Years  at  £7  0*.  f  Cl 

45  „  50  „  7  5*.  „ 

55  „  55  „  7  10..  „ 

55  „  60  „  7  15s.  „ 

60  „  63  „  8  05.  „ 

63  „  65  „  8  105.  „ 

65  „  68  „  8  155.  „ 

68  „  70  „  9  05.  „ 

and  it  is  further  Ordered,  That  in  granting  such  Annuities 
preference  shall  be  given  to  the  parishioners  of  this  Parish  in  case 
they  or  any  of  them  shall  be  desirous  to  advance  any  money  upon 

the  terms  aforesaid. 

Repealed  January  3,  1765. 

1764.  July  12.  Motion  made  to  put  up  a  Clock  on  the  outside  and  a 
dial  on  the  inside  of  the  Church,  Ordered  That  there  should  only 
be  a  dial  put  up  in  the  inside  of  the  Church  in  the  front  of  the 
Organ  loft,  similar  to  the  dial  lately  put  up  in  the  Church  of 
S*  Andrew  Undershaffc. 

August  7.     Proposal  of  Mr  Thomas  Smith. 

To  make  a  dial  under  the  Organ  with  a  Silvered  dial  plate 
18  inches  diameter,  a  Mahogany  Moulding  to  the  case  with  carved 
and  gilt  ornaments  like  that  of  Se  Mary  Axe  and  in  a  good  and 
workmanlike  manner  £9.9.0. 

Another  estimate  was  received  from  Edward  Pashley  for  the 
sum  of  £11. 11.0. 

Mr  Smith's  proposal  was  agreed  to. 

Committee  of  Ten  Gentlemen  having  been  appointed  to  super- 
intend the  repairs  of  the  Church.  Five  of  them  to  be  a  quorum, 
This  Vestry  being  informed  of  the  difficulty  there  is  to  get  Five 
of  the  said  Committee  to  meet  upon  business,  It  is  ordered  That 
any  three  of  the  said  Committee  have  power  to  act. 


Vestries,  A.D.  1764.  169 

1764.  September.  13.  Mr  John  Dale  had  leave  to  lay  a  flat  stone  with 
an  inscription  over  his  Children's  grave  in  the  Church  on  the 
usual  conditions. 

It  was  moved  in  the  name  of  the  Revd  Mr  Toovey,  That  the 
New  Version  of  the  Translation  of  the  Psalms  of  David  might  for 
the  future  be  sung  in  the  Church,  which  was  ordered  accordingly. 

Mr  John  Lodge  in  behalf  of  himself  and  Several  other  Inhabi- 
tants residing  in  Little  S1  Helens  desired  leave  of  this  Vestry  to 
open  a  door  out  of  the  Garden  belonging  to  Leather  sellers  Hall 
into  the  Church  at  the  East  End  thereof  at  their  own  expense 
which  was  granted  accordingly. 

October  11.  Particulars  for  rebuilding  the  Walls  of  the 
Church  Yard  on  the  North  and  South  Sides  and  the  East  End 
thereof  will  come  to  £61.]  0. 

To  take  down  and  clear  away  the  Brick  Walls  on  the  North 
and  South  Sides  and  East  End  and  the  Iron  Work  and  dwarf 
Wall  at  the  West  End  of  the  Church  Yard  and  to  pave  the  whole 
with  Purbeck  Squares  to  be  done  for  £260.10. 

To  take  down  the  old  Brick  Walls  on  the  North  and  South 
Sides  and  East  end  of  the  Church  Yard  and  building  New  dwarf 
Walls,  3  feet  high,  and  cope  them  with  Portland  Stone,  and  put 
new  Iron  Railing  upon  all  the  New  Walls  and  paint  it  four  times 

in  Oil  Colour  will  come  to £189 

Oak  Posts  &  Planks        20 


£209 

The  Churchwarden  informed  the  Vestry  that  a  Subscription 
was  opened  by  several  of  the  inhabitants  in  case  this  Vestry  should 
order  the  said  Church  Yard  Walls  to  be  taken  down  and  a  new 
dwarf  wall  with  iron  rails  to  be  built,  towards  defraying  part  of 
the  extra  expenses  thereof. 

Resolved,  That  the  Committee  agree  in  such  manner  as  they 
shall  think  fit,  for  and  about  the  taking  down  the  -said  Church 
Yard  Walls  and  building  new  dwarf  Walls  with  new  Iron  Railing, 
provided  the  Subscription  beforementioned  be  not  less  than  Seventy 
Pounds. 

October  19.  Resolved  that  Mr.  John  Maynard  (who  was 
going  to  quit  the  Parish  and  therefore  could  no  longer  be  of  the 
Committee  for  the  repairs  of  the  Church  without  the  consent  of 


]?0  Vestries,  A.D.  1765. 

the  Vestry)  might  be  continued  one  of  the  said  Committee  till  the 
repairs  of  the  Church  were  finished. 

1765.  January  3.  This  Vestry  being  informed  of  the  difficulty  of 
raising  money  upon  the  terms  of  the  order  of  the  26th  April  last, 
do  agree  that  the  said  order  be  repealed. 

That  the  Committee  be  empowered  to  raise  such  sums  as  they 
shall  think  necessary  for  completing  the  repairs  of  the  Church 
upon  the  Parish  Security  by  granting  Annuities  upon  two  or  more 
lives  not  under  the  age  of  40  Years. 

January  16.  Mr.  Jacob  Marsom  had  leave  to  make  a  vault 
seven  foot  long  and  five  foot  wide  in  the  clear  and  the  walls  to  be 
one  brick  and  a  half  thick,  and  to  place  a  flat  Tomb  Stone  even 
with  the  pavement  over  the  said  Vault  in  the  Chancel  of  the 
Church  on  payment  of  the  sum  of  £30. 

February  19.     To  the  Churchwardens,  &c. 

Gentlemen 

The  advanced  price  of  all  sorts  of  provisions  & 
all  other  necessary s  obliges  us  to  offer  our  present  Situation  to 
your  consideration,  and  as  every  individual  is  acquainted  with  the 
truth  of  it,  we  don't  doubt  of  relief. 

For  twelve  months  past  and  daily  advancing  by  which  we  have 
been  considerable  sufferers  by  maintaining  your  poor  at  the  present 
prices,  and  which  we  cannot  continue  without  manifestly  hurting 
ourselves  and  expending  the  small  matter  we  have  got  by  care  and 
industry. 

Therefore  we  humbly  hope  you'll  grant  us  something  extra  for 
the  time  past  and  as  soon  as  the  price  of  provisions  are  fallen  we 
shall  willingly  accept  of  our  usual  price. 
We  are  Gentlemen  with  respect 

Your  most  obedient  humble  servants 

JOHN  HUGHES. 
Hoxton,  ffeb.  16th  1765.  WILLIAM  PHILLIPS. 

This  Vestry  taking  the  said  Petition  into  consideration  and 
also  the  great  dearness  of  provisions,  Ordered  That  a  gratuity  of 
£20  be  paid  to  the  said  Mess18  Hughes  and  Phillips. 

The  Church  Warden  acquainted  the  Vestry  that  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Toovey  requested  they  would  give  leave  for  the  Parish  Clerk  to 


Vestries,  A.D.  1765-6.  171 

have  a  Gown.     It  was  ordered  that  a  proper  gown  be  provided  for 
the  Parish  Clerk  to  wear  during  the  time  of  Divine  Service. 

That  deal  folding  doors  glazed  be  put  up  under  the  Organ 
Gallery  and  also  a  Schreen  from  the  Sidesmen's  Pew  to  the  North 
Wall  so  high  as  to  range  with  the  under  side  of  the  said  gallery. 
1765.  April  11.  Mr  Burdett  had  leave  to  put  a  flatt  stone  against 
the  North  Wall  of  the  Church  in  memory  of  his  late  Father 
and  Mother. 

That  in  case  any  Churchwarden  or  Wardens  shall  for  the  future 
neglect  to  receive  of  any  parishioner  or  parishioners  any  rate  or 
rates  that  shall  or  may  hereafter  be  made  or  assessed,  or  shall 
omit  to  take  and  pursue  all  legal  methods  for  recovering  and 
receiving  such  rate  or  rates  of  and  from  any  Parishioner  or 
Parishioners  who  shall  refuse  to  pay  the  same,  That  then  and  in 
either  of  the  said  cases,  such  Churchwarden  or  Churchwardens 
shall  make  good  and  pay  to  this  parish  all  and  every  deficiency  or 
deficiencys  that  shall  or  may  happen  in  such  rate  or  rates  by  such 
neglect  or  omission. 

October  24.  That  a  New  Surplice  be  provided  for  the  Revd 
Mr  Toovey. 

That  for  the  future  after  every  Vestry  One  Guinea  be  spent 
instead  of  Ten  Shillings. 

November  13.  That  Mr  Chas  Chandler  (Churchwarden 
1761-2-3)  be  applied  to,  to  know  whether  he  has  given  in  the 
accounts  of  his  late  Churchwardenship  and  to  whom.  And  if  he 
has  not  given  in  any,  that  he  be  required  to  deliver  them  to  be 
audited  forthwith. 

That  Mr  George  (Churchwarden  1762-4)  be  required  to  deliver 
in  the  accounts  of  his  Churchwardenship  within  One  Month. 

(Here  endeth  Book  A.) 

1766.  April  3.  Mr  Thomas  Smith  a  parishioner  who  put  up  the  Dial  in 
the  inside  of  the  Church  and  has  looked  after  the  same  for  One 
Year  Gratis  Applied  for  a  salary  of  40<s.  a  Year  for  winding  up 
the  same,  cleaning  it  when  necessary  and  keeping  the  same  in 
good  repair,  which  was  agreed  to. 

Mr  Lubton  proposed  to  clean  the  windows  of  the  Church  and 
Vestry  room  Once  a  Year  at  36,9.  pr  annum  which  was  Negatived. 

Elizabeth  Moseley  who  was  lately  delivered  of  a  Bastard  Child 
applied  for  relief,  and  it  appearing  that  the  parish  had  received  a 


172  Vestries,  A.D.  1766-7. 

sum  of  money  from  the  person  to  whom  the  Child  had  been  sworn, 
for  the  care  and  maintenance  of  the  said  child,  and  that  the  said 
bastard  child  had  died  soon  after  its  birth,  It  was  ordered,  That 
the  Church  Warden  do  give  her  the  sum  of  Five  Guineas. 

1766.  April  29.     The  late   Churchwarden   ordered   to   pay   out    of  the 
surplus  of  the  monies  now  in  his  hands,  £50  a-piece  to  the  present 
Churchwardens. 

Church  Rate  ordered  of  One  Shilling  in  the  £. 

September  4.  Petition  of  Messrs  Hughes  &  Philips,  Farmers 
of  the  poor,  requesting  on  account  of  the  dearness  of  provisions  to 
have  the  price  advanced  from  3s.  Qd.  to  4s.  ^  week  which  was 
agreed  to. 

1767.  January   15.     Churchwarden   Wells   moved   That  the   Order   of 
Vestry  of  30th  March  1758  imposing  a  fine  of  £30  on  persons 
refusing   or   desiring   to    be  excused  from  serving   the  office  of 
Church  Warden  be  repealed,  which  was  unanimously  agreed  to, 
And  it  was  Ordered,  That  in  future  a  fine  of  £20  shall  be  paid  by 
every  person  refusing  or  desiring  to  be  excused  from  serving  the 
said  office. 

June  18.  On  the  application  of  Mr  Mills  to  be  allowed  to  pay 
the  sum  of  £18  to  be  excused  serving  the  office  of  Church  Warden, 
the  Vestry  considering  that  his  election  into  that  office  may  be 
some  years  hence,  agreed  to  accept  thereof. 

July  2.  The  late  Peter  Gaussen  deceased  did  in  the  year  1747 
apply  for  leave  to  make  a  Vault  in  the  Chancel  but  there  being  no 
room  such  application  was  rejected,  but  leave  was  given  to  the 
said  Peter  Gaussen  to  make  a  Brick  Grave  in  the  chancel,  and  in 
consideration  thereof  and  as  he  did  not  by  his  Will  bequeath  any- 
thing to  this  parish,  Mr  Peter  Gaussen  offered  the  Vestry  £40 

which  was  accepted Mr  Peter  Gaussen  then  applied  for 

leave  to  put  up  a  monument ;  and  it  was  Ordered,  That  Mr  Peter 
Gaussen  or  any  of  his  family  shall  have  leave  at  any  time  here- 
after, at  his,  or  their  expense  to  put  up  a  Monument  in  the  Church 
either  against  the  North  Wall  between  the  monuments  of  Captain 
Bond  and  William  Finch,  or  on  the  North  Side  of  the  pillar  next 
Sir  W.  Pickering's  Monument,  or  in  any  other  vacant  part  of  the 
Church  Walls  as  with  consent  of  a  Vestry  may  be  agreed  on. 

The  Churchwarden  ordered  to  enquire  whether  Mr  Johnson  is 
not  liable  to  be  prosecuted  for  refusing  to  take  upon  him  the 


Fevtries,  A.D.  1768-70.  173 

office  of  Sidesman,  and  the  Vestry  authorized  the  Churchwarden 
to  carry  on  such  prosecution  against  him  as  he  shall  be  advised. 

1768.  June  2.     Whereas    by  a   former  Order    of  Vestry,  the  number 
of  persons  appointed  to  constitute  a  Vestry  was  limited  to  13. 
And  it  has  been  found   that  the  business   is  often  retarded  or 
rendered  difficult  to  be  completed  for  want  of  such  a  number  to 
attend  at  such  Vestrys.     It  was  agreed  that  such  Order  be  re- 
pealed, and  that  for  the  future,  Nine  persons,   inhabitants  and 
householders  of  the  said  parish,  be,  and  are  hereby  enabled  to 
form   and   constitute   a  Vestry   and   are   hereby  authorized  and 
impowered  to  make   such   Orders   and    Regulations   as   shall  or 
may  be  judged  necessary  or  advisable  to  be  made  or  done  at  any 
future  vestries  held  for  the  said  parish. 

Ordered.  That  before  Gresham  College  is  pulled  down,  some 
person  or  persons  be  employed  to  measure  the  ground  on  which 
the  said  College  and  the  Houses  in  front  thereof  stand. 

June  16.  That  a  flat  stone  with  an  inscription  thereon  be  put 
over  the  grave  wherein  Wm  Browne  Esq.  and  his  late  Wife  are 
interred,  reserving  to  this  parish  the  property  of  the  ground  over 
which  the  said  stone  shall  be  put  and  the  right  to  bury  therein. 

October   6.     Churchwardens  and  Overseers   Ordered  to  take 
proper   measures  for   levying  and    recovering   the  Parish   Taxes 
chargeable  on  the  house  in  the  tenure  or  occupation  of 
Green,  situate  in  Little  S*  Helens. 

1769.  January  5.     That  the  Fire  Engine  shall  not  be  taken  out  to  assist 
at  any  Fire,  except  in  the  Wards  of  Bishopsgate  Broad  Street, 
Cornhill  and  Lime  Street  and  that  Bradley  the  Engineer  be  ac- 
quainted therewith. 

May  18.  The  Churchwarden  ordered  to  pay  Mr  Bishop  the 
Proctor  £20  on  account  of  the  cause  Wells  &  Bartlett  against 
Kendall. 

1770.  April  19.     Mr  William  Clarke  was  appointed  to  look  after  and 
take  care  of  the  Church  Clock  at  the  yearly  salary  of  40*.,  and  it 
is  ordered  that  the  same  be  wound  up  at  least  once  a  week. 

Thomas  Hanson  Esq.  late  of  Crosby  Square^deceased,  by  his 
Will  bequeathed  to  the  Minister  and  Church  Wardens  of  this 
parish  for  the  time  being  and  their  successors  the  sum  of  £500 
upon  trust  to  invest  the  same  in  the  Public  Stock  or  funds  of  this 
Kingdom,  and  pay  and  apply  the  interest  thereof,  unto  and  among 


174  Vestries,  A.D.  1770-1. 

such  indigent  and  industrious  inhabitants  and  parishioners  (if  any 
such  there  be)  of  the  said  parish  who  shall  not  receive  Alms. 

The  said  Mr  Hanson's  Benefaction  ordered  to  be  inserted  in 
the  list  of  Benefactions  to  this  parish  and  to  be  entered  in  the 
Green  Book. 

1770.  September  6.    Election  for  Vestry  Clerk  in  the  room  of  Robert 
Boyfield  deceased. 

Candidates  Thomas  Trundle  who  had  42  Votes  and  Richard 
Atkinson  who  had  4-0  Votes. 

Election  by  Ballot.     Mr  Trundle  declared  duly  elected. 

September  27.  Thanks  of  the  Vestry  given  to  John  Smith 
Esq.  of  Great  S*  Helens  for  the  service  he  has  done  this  parish  in 
getting  several  Children  into  Christ's  Hospital. 

December  20.  Resolved  on  the  motion  of  the  Church  Wardens 
that  there  be  no  Ribon  and  Laces  given  to  the  Inhabitants  of  this 
parish  on  any  Ascension  day  for  the  future. 

Minute  ordered  to  be  made  in  the  parish  books  on  the  motion 
of  Mr  Churchwarden  Wells,  That  he  had  cited  Mr  Henry  Kendall 
in  the  year  1767  for  not  paying  the  Church  Rate  due  to  this  parish 
and  that  he  had  obtained  a  Judgment  and  decree  on  such  Citation 
for  the  arrears  of  the  Church  rate  due,  and  the  sum  of  £88  for 
Costs. 

1771.  April  4.     Resolved,  That  Mr  Churchwarden  Wells  be  allowed  the 
sum  of  Twelve  Pounds  to  serve  the  office  of  Upper  Churchwarden 

for  the  year  ensuing Mr  Wells  having  been  in  office  from 

April  1766. 

Agreement  to  pay  Dod  the  sum  of  Two  Guineas  to 

cut  the  Trees  and  dig  up  the  Church  Yard  and  sow  the  same  with 
Grass  for  one  year. 

Copy  of  the  decree,  Wells  and  Bartlett  against  Kendall. 

Extracted  from  the  registry  of  the  Arches  Court  of  Canterbury, 
Nov.  3  1770.  Before  the  Right  Worshipful  Dr  George  Hay, 
Official,  Principal  of  the  Arches  Court  &c.  sitting  in  Judgment  in 
the  presence  of  John  Green,  Deputy  Register. 

For  information  and  sentence  at  the  Petition  of  Bishop,*  On 
which  day  the  Judge  having  heard  the  Proofs  read  and  Counsel  on 


*  The  Parish  Proctor. 


Vestries,  A.D.  1771-2,  175 

behalf  of  Bishop's  Clients  did  at  the  petition  of  Bishop  by  this  his 
interlocutory  decree  (having  the  force  and  effect  of  a  definite  sen- 
tence) in  writing  pronounce  the  rates  Libellate  to  be  just  rates 
&  condemned  Henry  Kendall,  Althan's  Client  in  the  sum  of  Four 
Pounds  Four  shillings  for  such  rates  and  also  in  the  costs  of  Suit 
made  and  to  be  made  on  the  part  and  behalf  of  Bishop's  Client  as 
well  in  the  first  as  the  second  instance  of  this  cause.    Then  Bishop 
Corrected  a  Bill  of  Expenses  and  prayed,  and  the  Judge  at  his 
petition  taxed  the   same  at  the  sum  of  Eighty  Eight   Pounds  of 
lawfull  money   of  Great   Britain  besides   the   sum   of  fourteen 
Shillings  and  Ten  Pence  of  like  lawful  money  for  the  expenses  of 
the  Monition  and  Execution  thereof,  and  Bishop  made  oath  that 
his  Clients  had  and  must  necessarily  expend  the  said  sum  taxed 
and  prayed  and  the  Judge  at  his  petition  decreed  a  Monition  to 
issue  under  Seal  against  Althan's  said  Client  to  pay  or  cause  to  be 
paid  to  Bishop  or  his  Clients  the  said  sorts  Principal  and  Costs 
taxed  as  aforesaid  within  fifteen  days  after  the   service  of  the 
Monition  on  him  for  that  purpose  under  pain  of  the  service  of  the 
greater  excommunication.     Present  Althan  dissenting.     But  the 
Judge  ordered  the  said  Monition  not  to  go  out  in  Fifteen  days 
from  this  day  which  being  done  Bishop  prayed  and  the  Judge  at 
his  Petition  decreed  the  Church  Rates  marked  ABC,  the  five 
Books  of  Account  numbered  12345,  and  the  two  Vestry  Books 
heretofore  to  Wit  on  the  Byday  after  Hilary  Term  last  brought 
into  the  Registry  of  this  Court  to  be  delivered  out  to  Bishop  or 
his  Clients  the  said  rates  being  first  registered.     Present  Althans 
dissenting. 

JN°  GREENE,  Dep.  Regr. 

1771.  May  16.     Church  Rate  Ninepence  in  the  £. 

Situation  of  Organist  being  vacant  by  the  death  of  Mr  Thomas 
Griffin,  his  nephew  Mr  George  Griffin  proposed  to  play,  tune,  and 
keep  the  Organ  in  repair  for  the  sum  of  Twenty  Five  Pounds  ^ 
annum,  and  was  thereupon  duly  elected. 

Motion  negatived,  That  there  be  provided  some  Warming 
Machine  for  warming  the  Church. 

June  5.     Election  for  Churchwarden  in  the  room  of  Mr  Wells 
deceased. 
1772.  February  19.     That  John  Brown  do  nail  up  leads  upon  the  walls 


176  Vestries,  A.D.  1772-3. 

and  other  places  in  and  about  the  Excise  Office  to  denote  the 
bounds  of  this  parish  there,  and  that  the  same  be  placed  as  near 
the  places  where  they  were  formerly  nailed  as  may  be. 

Leave  given  to  lay  a  flat  Stone  over  the  grave  of  Thomas 
Burdett,  Esq.  on  the  offer  of  the  sum  of  Five  Guineas  reserving  to 
the  parish  the  right  of  the  ground,  and  also  over  the  grave  of  John 
Tristram  for  the  like  sum  of  Five  Guineas  and  on  the  same  con- 
dition. 

Motion  negatived,  For  a  Warming  Machine  to  warm  the 
Church. 

1772.  May  7.     New  Damask  Curtains  ordered  for  the  Organ  Loft. 

June  11.  Question  being  put  whether  the  Buildings  belonging 
to  the  Excise  Office  in  this  parish  should  be  assessed  at  £1600 
or  £2000  ^  Annum.  It  was  resolved  That  it  should  be  at 
£2000. 

October  7.  Messrs  Phillips  &  Hughes  applied  to  be  allowed 
the  further  sum  of  Threepence  ^  Head  for  the  poor  of  this  parish 
which  was  agreed  to. 

That  the  old  curtains  belonging  to  the  Organ  Loft  be  given  to 
Mrs  Green  the  Sextoness. 

1773.  January  28.     Churchwardens  ordered  to  proceed  against  Mr  Booth 
the  late  Churchwarden  unless  he  delivers  his  account  within  seven 
days  from  this  time. 

Charles  Chandler,  Unanimously  elected  Beadle,  Engineer  and 
Organ  Blower  in  the  room  of  Robert  Bradley,  deceased. 

February  19.  Some  doubts  having  arisen  as  to  the  right  of 
this  parish  to  appoint  a  Minister  for  Sir  Martin  Lumley's  Tuesday 
Evening  Lecture  vacant  by  the  death  of  the  Kevd  Mr  Mapletoft 
An  extract  from  Sir  Martin  Lumley's  Will  was  read,  by  which  it 
appears  that  the  right  of  appointing  the  Lecturer  is  in  the  Heirs 
of  Sir  Martin  Lumley  and  not  in  this  parish. 

Some  doubts  having  also  arisen  as  to  the  right  of  chusirig  a 
Vicar  for  this  parish  in  the  room  of  the  Revd  Mr  Coulton  also 
deceased  The  Vestry  Clerk  reported  that  he  had  not  been  able 
to  get  a  Copy  of  the  Grant  made  by  Queen  Elizabeth  to  Michael 
and  Edward  Stanhope  of  this  parish  Church  out  of  the  office. 
The  Churchwardens  then  informed  the  Vestry  that  they  had 
searched  the  several  Vestry  Books  belonging  to  this  parish,  and 
that  it  appears  that  this  parish  had  chosen  several  Vicars,  and  that 


Vestries,  A.D.  1773.  177 

they  had  attended  the  Dean  of  Sl.  Pauls*  with  extracts  from  the 
said  Books  and  requested  that  he  would  be  pleased  to  give  the 
parish  leave  to  proceed  to  the  choice  of  a  Vicar,  who  informed 
them  that  the  Impropriators  had  presented  the  Revd  Mr  Naish  to  him, 
and  that  he  had  promised  to  approve  him,  that  he  was  sorry  he  could 
not  comply  with  their  request  and  that  in  case  they  had  applied  to 
him  first,  he  would  have  paid  regard  to  their  recommendation. 

Mr  Churchwarden  Fasson  also  informed  the  Vestry  that  the 
Kevd  Mr  Naish  took  possession  of  this  parish  Church  on  Saturday 
last  and  informed  him  that  he  was  properly  authorised  to  do  so. 
The  Vestry  Clerk  then  stated  that  in  pursuance  of  an  order  from 
the  Churchwarden  who  had  been  informed  that  a  petition  had 
been  preferred  to  the  Lord  Chancellorf  in  order  to  obtain  his  Lord- 
ship's order  to  confirm  the  presentation  of  the  Impropriators  he 
had  searched  at  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  Presentations  and 
found  that  no  such  petition  had  been  preferred,  and  that  he  had 
attended  Mr  Collins  in  Doctors  Commons  who  (as  he  had  been 
informed)  is  Deputy  to  the  Dean  of  S*.  Pauls  and  enquired  of  him 
by  what  authority  Mr  Naish  had  taken  possession  of  the  parish 
church,  when  the  said  Mr  Collins  informed  him  that  the  Dean  sent 
for  Mr  Naish  on  Saturday  last  and  informed  him  that  in  case  he 
would  take  immediate  possession  of  this  parish  Church  he  would 
collate  him  thereto,  that  Mr  Naish  agreed  so  to  do,  and  the  Dean 
thereupon  collated  him  accordingly,  that  he  then  asked  the  said 
Mr  Collins  if  the  Dean  had  collated  the  said  Mr  Naish  in  his  own 
right  or  on  the  presentation  of  the  Impropriators,  to  which  Mr 
Collins  answered  in  his  own  right.  Mr  John  Lodge  then  informed 
the  Vestry  that  the  Impropriators  intended  to  take  the  opinion  of 
a  Civilian  in  respect  to  their  right  of  presentation,  and  in  case 
they  shall  be  advised  that  the  right  of  presentation  is  in  them, 
they  intend  to  commence  an  action  of  Ejectment,  to  eject  Mr  Naish 


*  "  Thomas  Newton,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Bristol  (elected  Dec.  8th,  1761,  con- 
firmed on  the  24th,  and  consecrated  on  the  28th  of  the  same  month),  ap- 
pointed Prebendary  of  Westminster,  March  22nd,  1757,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's, 
Oct.  8th,  1768,  and  died  Feb.  14th,  1782,  setat.  77."  See  Le  Neve's  Fasti, 
vol.  i.  p.  220,  vol.  ii.  p.  317,  and  vol.  iii.  p.  336.  Ed.  Oxford  (Hardy),  1854. 

f  "A.D.  1771.  The  Hon.  Henry  Bathurst,  created  Lord  Apsley,  Lord 
Chancellor,  Jan.  23.  Succeeded  his  father  as  Earl  Bathurst,  A.D.  1775 ;  re- 
signed A.D.  1778."  See  Haydn's  Book  of  Dignities,  p.  105.  Ed.  Lond.  1851. 

N 


178  Vestries,  A.D.  1773-5. 

from  this  parish  Church.  The  further  consideration  of  this  subject 
was  therefore  adjourned. 

1773.  March  15.     Mr  John  Jennings  had   leave  to  make  a  Vault  in 
the  Church  7  ft.  long  and  2  ft.  6  in.  wide  at  each  end  and  3  ft.  in 
the  centre,  and  also  of  fixing  a  Monument  on  the  pillar  of  the 
Church  next  the  Vault.     The  Monument  not  to  exceed  21  inches 
in  breadth,  on  payment  of  Twenty  Guineas. 

That  a  sett  of  Ladders  be  provided  and  kept  in  the  most  con- 
venient place  in  this  Church. 

April  15.  Dod  to  have  a  gratuity  of  ten  shillings  over  and 

above  the  two  guineas  allowed  him  for  digging  and  sowing  the 
Church  Yard  &c.  for  the  last  year. 

Mr  William  Clark  had  leave  to  lay  a  flatt  Stone  in  the  church 
over  the  grave  of  his  late  wife,  the  parish  reserving  the  right  to 
the  ground. 

That  the  Lord  Mayor's  Arms  put  up  in  this  Parish  Church  be 
erased. 

June  10.     Church  Rate  Sixpence  in  the  £. 

Iron  Rails  round  Church  Yard  to  be  painted. 

June  29.     Present,  Revd  James  Naish,  Minister. 

Resolved,  That  this  parish  do  request  Mr  Naish  to  continue 
Mr  Toovey  his  Curate  upon  the  same  terms  he  officiated  for  Mr 
Coulton,  to  which  Mr  Naish  agreed,  and  that  he  would  do  anything 
else  the  parish  should  ask  of  him. 

1774.  April  28.     Further  Church  Rate  of  threepence  in  the  £  for  the 
last  year  to  pay  balance  due  to  the  late  Churchwarden. 

June  9.     Church  Rate  Sixpence  in  the  £. 

That  the  thanks  of  this  Vestry  be  given  to  Mr  John  Fasstfn 
late  Churchwarden  for  his  just  and  prudent  conduct  during  his 
Churchwardenship. 

October  6.  The  Beadle  having  attended  Sir  Martin  Lumley's 
Lecture  by  order  of  the  Churchwarden  during  the  last  Winter,  he 
was  directed  to  make  him  such  satisfaction  for  his  said  attendance 
as  in  his  discretion  he  shall  think  fit. 

1775.  January  12.     Susannah  Mynot,  Singlewoman,  now  in  the  Work- 
house with  child  by  one  Cornelius  Chartress  of  the  parish  of  Sfc 
Margarets  Westminster,  but  who  was  willing  to  marry  her,  if  the 
parish  would  pay  the  Fees  and  give  him  the  sum  of  Four  Pounds, 
on  which  the  Churchwarden  was  directed  to  enquire  if  he  did 


Vestries,  A.D.  1775.  179 

belong  to  that  parish  and  in  such  case  to  pay  the  Wedding  Fees 
and  advance  him  the  sum  of  Four  Guineas. 

February  23.  That  Mr  Churchwarden  Houston  be  at  liberty 
to  expend  the  sum  of  Four  Pounds  towards  the  expenses  of  the 
next  Oyster  Feast  over  and  above  the  Forty  Shillings  given  by  the 
Will  of  Willm.  Prior. 

1775.  April  20.  Edward  Bradley  Parish  Clerk  acquainted  the  Vestry 
that  he  would  undertake  to  wash  and  mend  the  Surplices  and 
Communion  Linen  for  which  he  has  hitherto  received  the  sum  of 
Five  Pounds  ^  Annum  and  to  give  up  the  yearly  sum  of  fifteen 
shillings  which  he  has  heretofore  claimed  and  received  out  of  the 
devise  made  by  the  will  of  William  Prior  and  the  further  sum  of 
fifteen  shillings  which  he  has  also  received  on  the  preaching  of 
Three  Sermons  and  not  to  collect  any  money  for  Christmas  Box 
of  the  Inhabitants,  provided  the  parish  would  pay  him  a  salary  of 
£24  ^  Annum  instead  of  the  sum  of  £9  heretofore  paid  him. 
Resolved,  That  his  proposal  be  agreed  to,  on  condition  that  in 
future  he  does  not  charge  for  Pens,  Ink,  and  Paper  for  the  Vestry, 
and  do  officiate  as  Clerk  at  Sir  Martin  Lumley's  Lecture.  To  all 
which  he  agreed  and  returned  the  Vestry  thanks. 

May  18.     Church  Rate  One  Shilling  in  £. 

Churchwarden  ordered  to  take  necessary  steps  for  the  defence 
of  the  Poors  Rate  against  which  an  Appeal  was  stated  to  have  been 
lodged  at  the  Quarter  Sessions  by  the  Excise  Office. 

July  6.  It  appearing  that  no  Appeal  had  been  lodged  The 
Vestry  Clerk  ordered  to  have  the  opinion  of  counsel  for  the 
recovery  of  Poor  and  Church  Rates. 

That  an  Hand  Engine  be  provided  and  that  Mr  Bristowe  be 
employed  effectually  to  repair  the  old  one. 

That  a  proper  case  lined  with  greenbaize  be  provided  to  put 
the  Church  Plate  in. 

August  24.  Counsellor  Dunning's  opinion  having  been  read, 
and  the  Church  Warden  having  stated  that  if  sufficient  power  was 
given  to  the  Church  Wardens  he  thought  the  rates  might  be 
settled  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Parish  Authority  was  accordingly 
granted  to  them  to  settle  the  arrears  of  Curch  and  Poor  Rates  now 
due  from  the  Excise  Office. 

Thomas  Maxwell  applied  to  this  Vestry  and  proposed  to  marry 
Mary  Sandars  a  poor  woman  of  this  parish  whom  he  stated  was 

N  2 


180  Vestries,  A.D.  1775-6. 

with  child  by  him,  if  they  would  give  him  forty  shillings,  pay  the 
Marriage  Fees,  and  clothe  her.  And  being  asked  if  he  had  any 
settlement,  he  stated  that  he  belonged  to  the  parish  of  S*  Luke's 
Old  Street.  The  Church  Warden  directed  to  enquire  into  the 
truth  of  his  settlement  and  if  found  correct  to  give  him  the  sum  of 
Three  Guineas  on  his  marrying  the  said  Mary  Sanders. 

1775.  October  5.    The  Church  Wardens  reported  that  they  had  received 
and  settled  the  several  rates  due  from  the  Excise  Office  at  the  rate 
of  £1600  ^p  Annum.     At  which  it  was  in  future  ordered  to  be 
assessed  instead  of  £2000  as  heretofore. 

The  Church  Wardens  empowered  to  contract  with  Mr  Bristowe 
to  clean  and  take  proper  care  of  the  Engines. 

December  29.  Election  for  Beadle  in  room  of  Charles  Chandler, 
deceased,  by  Ballot,  when  John  Dickerson  was  elected  the  numbers 

being  for 

John  Dickerson 32 

Thomas  Bolwell 15 

John  Wells 2 

Church  Warden  ordered  to  pay  Mrs  Chandler  £3  for  the  Coat 
and  Hat  worn  by  her  late  Husband. 

1776.  April  11.     That  a  Coat  and  Hat  be  provided  for  the  Beadle  not 
exceeding  £3  and  that  he  be  excused  from  paying  the  poor's  rate 
for  the  last  year  having  pleaded  inability  to  pay  it. 

June  27.     Poor's  Rate  3d.  in  £. 

November  28.  Thanks  given  to  John  Smith  Esq.*  for  his 
Voluntary  and  Great  Benefaction  to  this  Parish,  and  that  a  copy 
of  the  deed  of  which  the  following  is  an  Abstract,  be  deposited  with 
the  other  deeds  of  the  Parish  and  entered  in  the  Vestry  Book. 

This  Indenture  made  the  25th  of  September  16  George  III. 
A.D.  1776  between  the  Governors  of  the  Hospitals  of  Christ  Bride- 
well and  S*  Thomas  the  Apostle  of  the  first  part,  John  Smith  Esq. 
of  Great  S*  Helens  of  the  Second  part,  and  Thomas  Burfoot, 
Treasurer  of  Christ's  Hospital  London  and  William  Brockett  and 
Thomas  Misenor  on  the  third  part  Whereas  John  Smith,  one  of 
the  Governors  of  the  said  Hospital  proposed  to  transfer  the  sum 
of  £2500  3  f  Cl  South  Sea  Ann8  of  the  year  1751,  on  condition 


*  1783,  June  29.  John  Smith,  Esq.,  formerly  a  Lisbon  Merchant  and 
many  years  one  of  the  directors  of  the  South  Sea  Company. — Gent.  Mag., 
p.  629.  (Deaths.) 


Vestries,  A.D.  1776.  181 

that  the  Governors  of  the  said  Hospital  would  engage  to  pay  his 
Nephew  William  Webber  of  Fursley  in  the  County  of  Devon, 
Gent,  aged  43  years  an  Annuity  of  £100  during  his  life;  and  after 
his  decease  to  maintain  and  educate  in  the  said  Hospital  two 
children  perpetually  to  be  taken  out  of  the  said  parish  of  St  Helen 
and  to  be  presented  by  a  Publick  Vestry,  or  by  the  major  part  of 
the  Inhabitants  present  at  such  Vestry,  which  was  approved  by  a 
Committee  of  the  said  Governors  the  14th  of  August  last  and  by 
them  recommended  to  a  General  Court  held  for  the  said  Hospital 
the  12th  of  September  and  unanimously  agreed  to  be  accepted. 
And  whereas  the  said  sum  has  been  transferred  and  doth  now 
stand  in  the  names  of  the  said  Tho8  Burfoot,  W.  Brockett  &  T. 
Misenor  for  the  use  of  the  poor  Children  educated  in  the  said 
Hospital  Now  this  Indenture  witnesseth,  That  the  said  Governors 
in  consideration  of  such  transfer  do  hereby  for  themselves,  Suc- 
cessors and  Assigns,  covenant  with  the  said  John  Smith  &c.  that 
they  will  well  and  truly  pay  or  cause  to  be  paid  to  the  said  William 
Webber,  one  yearly  payment  of  £100  clear  of  all  deductions  during 
the  term  of  his  natural  life,  by  quarterly  payments,  the  first  pay- 
ment to  be  made  at  Michaelmas  1777.  Provided  and  it  is  hereby 
agreed  between  all  parties,  that  if  the  said  William  Webber  shall 
at  any  time  assign  or  dispose  of  such  Annuity  or  any  part  thereof, 
that  then  such  Annuity  or  such  part  or  parts  thereof  as  shail  be 
so  assigned  or  otherwise  disposed  of  shall  cease  and  the  said 
£2500  applied  to  the  benefit  of  the  poor  children  in  the  said 
Hospital  as  if  the  said  W.  Webber  was  actually  dead.  And  the 
said  Governors  covenant,  that  from  the  decease  of  the  said 
W.  Webber  or  after  the  said  Annuity  shall  otherwise  cease,  they, 
shall  and  will  from  time  to  time  for  ever,  Maintain  and  Educate 
in  the  said  Hospital  Two  Poor  Children  of  persons  who  shall  be 
Inhabitants  of  the  said  parish  of  S*  Helen,  to  be  chosen  by  the 
majority  of  a  Vestry  of  the  said  parish,  and  on  the  death  or  dis- 
charge or  other  removal  of  every  such  Child  or  Children  within 
three  months  then  next  to  receive  and  admit  other  or  others,  in 
his,  her,  or  their  room.  Provided,  that  the  parent  or  parents  of 
such  Child  or  Children  so  to  be  maintained  and  educated  shall 
have  been  an  inhabitant  or  inhabitants  of  the  said  parish  One 
whole  Year  next  immediately  before  such  choice  shall  be  made, 
and  every  Child  so  to  be  chosen  shall  be  upwards  of  Seven  Years 


182  Vestries,  A.D.  1777. 

of  age,  Born  in  lawful  Wedlock,  of  Honest  &  Reputable  parents ; 
And  the  Minister  and  Church  Wardens  of  the  parishes  whereto 
such  Child  or  Children  shall  respectively  belong,  shall  comply  with 
and  be  subject  to  the  forms  generally  in  use  for  the  admission  of 
Children  into  the  said  Hospital.  In  Witness  whereof  to  the  one 
part  to  remain  with  the  said  John  Smith,  the  said  Governors  have 
caused  their  Common  Seal  to  be  affixed.  And  to  the  other  part  to 
remain  with  the  said  Governors,  the  said  John  Smith  hath  set  his 
Hand  and  Seal,  the  day  and  year  first  above  written. 

Mr  Church  Warden  Potter  reported  that  on  perusing  one  of 
the  Books  belonging  to  the  parish,  he  had  discovered  that  the 
application  of  the  gift  of  Cicely  Cyoll  and  also  of  Thomas 
Hutchins  of  Wheaten  Bread  to  the  poor  of  this  parish  had  been 
discontinued  from  or  about  the  year  1693. 

Resolved,  That  the  benefactions  above  mentioned  be  restored 
to  the  several  poor  persons  belonging  to  this  parish  under  the 
descriptions  mentioned  in  the  said  Wills. 

Dr  Ornie  applied  for  leave  to  cut  away  each  side  of  the  Steeple 
of  the  Church  that  he  might  have  the  benefit  of  a  better  view  from 
the  Top  of  his  House,  and  Mr  Gosling  assured  this  Vestry  that  the 
parts  of  the  Steeple  intended  to  be  cut  away  would  do  no  harm  to 
the  Steeple,  and  that  in  case  leave  should  be  given  to  cut  away 
the  same,  he  would  make  good  and  finish  the  Steeple  in  such 
manner  as  would  be  an  ornament  thereto,  and  he  makes  good  the 
places  that  shall  be  so  cut  away. 

Thanks  to  Thomas  Houston  late  Churchwarden  for  his  great 
care  and  integrity  in  the  execution  of  the  said  office. 

That  W.  Clarke's  Salary  for  looking  after  and  taking  care  of 
the  Church  Clock  be  raised  from  40<s.  to  45s.  ^  ann. 
1777.  January  £.  The  Church  Wardens  and  Vestry  Clerk  having 
waited  on  Mr  Smith  with  the  Thanks  of  the  last  Vestry,  Mr 
Smith  desired  them  to  give  his  best  respects  to  the  Inhabitants  of 
this  parish  and  thanked  them  for  the  respect  they  had  shewn  him, 
and  that  his  motives  for  doing  what  he  had  done  was  on  account 
of  the  great  respect  they  had  shewn  him  during  27  years  that  he 
had  been  an  Inhabitant,  and  to  make  some  provision  from  time  to 
time  for  two  poor  children  and  that  he  thought  he  could  not  do  it 
in  a  better  way  and  requested  that  his  Benefaction  might  not  be 
inserted  in  the  list  of  Benefactors  at  present. 


Vestries,  A.D.  1777.  183 

1777.  April  3.  William  Sibley  of  the  parish  of  S*  Olive  Tooley 
having  by  Bond  dated  July  14  1776  stood  bound  to  the  parish  in 
the  sum  of  £40  for  a  female  Bastard  Child  which  had  been  sworn 
to  him  by  Sarah  Bawcomb  of  this  parish,  and  the  child  having 
become  chargeable,  the  Church  Warden  has  agreed  to  receive  3*. 
^  Week  for  its  support  and  had  received  £1  4s.  Qd.  in  full  to  the 
4th  Sepr  last,  but  had  not  been  able  to  get  any  more  money  by 
reason  that  the  said  Sibley  has  a  wife  and  family  and  was  very 
poor.  And  the  wife  of  the  said  W.  Sibley  had  informed  him  that 
in  case  this  parish  would  accept  of  a  sum  of  money  and  deliver  up 
the  Bond,  she  would  endeavour  to  raise  it  provided  time  was  given 
for  that  purpose.  Resolved,  That  upon  payment  of  £10  including 
the  sum  of  £1  4$.  Qd.  already  paid  within  the  period  of  Six  Months 
from  this  date,  the  said  Bond  shall  be  given  up. 

May  1.     Church  Rate  9d  in  £. 

Mrs  Bradley  had  leave  to  lay  a  flatt  stone  over  the  Grave  of  her 
late  brother  Joseph  Bryant  with  an  inscription  in  the  Church  Yard 
with  the  usual  reservation. 

That  John  Jennings  late  an  Inhabitant  of  this  parish  have  leave 
to  take  away  the  cushions  placed  by  him  in  the  pew  where  he 
formerly  sat  in  this  Church. 

That  Catherine  Green,  Sextoness  be  allowed  from  henceforth  a 
salary  of  £18  pr  annum  in  lieu  of  the  salary  heretofore  paid  her, 
and  also  of  all  other  charges  which  she  hath  been  accustomed  to 
make,  and  likewise  in  lieu  of  the  Annual  Collection  made  for  her 
at  the  Oyster  Feast. 

That  the  parish  Clerk  and  Sextoness  do  in  future  oblige  all 
persons  who  shall  hereafter  bury  in  the  Church  or  Church  Yard 
to  clear  and  take  away  all  the  rubbish  that  shall  remain  after  the 
graves  are  filled  up  at  their  own  expense. 

That  the  Common  Council  and  Church  Wardens  consult  with 
those  of  the  adjoining  parishes  about  the  necessary  steps  to 
be  taken  to  procure  a  constant  passage  through  the  Excise  office 
at  seasonable  hours. 

May  29.  Thanks  given  to  John  Smith  Esq.  the  Church 
Warden  having  reported  that  Mr  Smith  had  at  his  own  expense 
painted  the  doors  and  door  cases  of  the  Church  and  also  the  Iron 
Rails  round  the  Church  Yard. 

July  17.  That  a  New  Surplice  be  provided  for  Revd  Mr  Toovey. 


184  Vestries,  A.D.  1777-8. 

1777.  October  2.     William  Sibley  having  paid  Two  Guineas  since  the 
Order  of  Vestry  of  April  3  being  out  of  work  and  unable  to 
pay  any  further  sum,  and  the   Child  being  dead,  he  was  released 
from  further  payment  and  the  Bond  given  up. 

The  House  occupied  by  Mr  Henry  Ward  held  jointly  by  this 
parish  and  the  Carpenters'  Company  being  in  bad  repair  which  by 
estimate  would  require  the  expenditure  of  £80  and  which  he  was 
willing  to  undertake  to  do,  if  they  would  grant  another  lease  at 
the  expiration  of  the  present  term  for  21  Years  with  liberty  to  quit 
at  the  end  of  7  or  14  years  and  allow  him  One  Year's  rent  towards 
the  said  repairs.  This  Vestry  agreed  thereto  and  the  Church- 
wardens were  directed  to  wait  upon  the  Carpenters'  Company  and 
request  their  concurrence, 

That  for  the  future  the  Churchwardens  have  liberty  to  expend 
the  sum  of  Six  Pounds  at  the  Oyster  Feast  over  and  above  the 
40s.  given  by  Mr  William  Prior  and  that  in  future  the  Bill  of 
Expenses  be  called  for  and  settled  at  Eleven  of  the  Clock. 

1778.  January  8.     The  Carpenters'  Company  agreed  to  grant  the  lease 
for  21  Years  at  the  rent  of  £34  per  Annum  on  condition  that  £80 
be  laid  out  in  substantial  repairs  within  two  years  but  without  any 
other  allowance  to  which  Mr  Ward  assented. 

The  Churchwarden  stated  that  he  had  unavoidably  expended 
£1  11*.  6d.  at  the  last  Oyster  Feast  more  than  is  allowed. 
Ordered,  That  he  be  at  liberty  to  charge  the  said  sum  in  his 
account. 

That  Mr  Bristow  be  discharged  from  the  care  &c.  of  the  parish 
Engines  and  John  Dickerson  the  Beadle  be  appointed  thereto. 

John  Dickerson  was  appointed  to  look  after  and  take  care  of 
the  Church  Yard  at  the  Yearly  Salary  of  £2.12.6. 

Mr.  Henry  George  had  leave  to  lay  a  flat  Stone  in  the  Church 
over  the  grave  of  his  late  wife,  with  an  inscription  thereon,  with 
the  usual  reservation. 

February  12.  Plan  and  proposal  was  received  from  the 
Surveyor  of  the  Excise  office  for  granting  part  of  their  Premises 
to  make  a  passage  for  the  accommodation  of  the  inhabitants  of 
S*  Helen  and  of  S*  Peter  le  Poor,  Broad  Street  Upon  condition 
that  the  two  parishes  would  purchase  other  premises  named  in 
the  plan  and  grant  them  to  the  Excise  in  lieu  of  the  other 
premises  proposed  to  be  granted  for  the  passage ;  the  said  plan 


Vestries,  A.D.  1778.  185 

and  proposals  being  answer  to  the  Petition  which  had  been  pre- 
ferred by  the  two  parishes  on  the  subject.  To  which  the  following 
reply  was  agreed  on. 

"  That  having  maturely  considered  the  said  plan  and  proposals 
are  extremely  sorry  to  find  themselves  obliged  to  decline  them. 
The  premises  required  to  be  purchased  by  the  parishes  greatly 
exceed  those  offered  in  lieu  thereof  and  the  expense  of  purchasing 
would  greatly  exceed  the  sum  of  £3000,  exclusive  of  an  Act  of 
Parliament  &c.  &c.  All  that  your  Petitioners  requested  was  that 
the  time  of  the  Office  Gates  being  kept  open  should  be  extended 
a  few  hours  longer,  and  also  on  Holidays,  and  trust  that  upon 
reconsideration  you  will  indulge  them  with  the  liberty  they  formerly 
enjoyed  of  passing  through  the  office  gates  daily  at  seasonable 
hours." 

1778.  April  23.  The  Beadle  to  have  £3  13s.  Qd.  f r  Ann.  to  look  after 
the  Engines,  and  that  they  be  cleaned,  oiled  and  played  at  least 
four  times  every  year. 

That  every  Under  Church  Warden  for  the  future  do  see  that 
the  Engines  are  kept  in  good  condition  and  that  the  above  order 
is  complied  with. 

The  Beadle  also  appointed  Organ  Blower  at  a  Salary  of  40s. 
f r  Annum. 

In  reply  to  the  Memorial,  The  Commissioners  of  Excise  were 
sorry  that  they  could  not  comply  with  the  request  set  forth  in 
their  Memorial,  as  they  did  not  think  it  consistent  with  the  safety 
of  the  office. 

That  John  Smith,  Esq.,  had  promised  to  get  Charles  Oxtoby 
a  poor  boy  belonging  to  this  parish  into  Christ's  Hospital  and  had 
given  the  Churchwarden  Five  Guineas  to  divide  among  the  poor 
pensioners  also  belonging  to  this  parish,  for  all  which  the  Thanks 
of  the  Vestry  were  ordered  to  him. 

May  21.     Church  Rate  Ninepence  in  £. 

Thanks  of  Yestry  to  Joseph  Potter  late  Church  Warden  for  his 
upright  conduct  and  unwearied  application  in  promoting  the 
interest  of  this  Parish. 

August  27.  Thanks  voted  to  John  Smith,  Esq.,  the  Church 
Warden  having  reported  that  he  had  made  the  parish  a  present 
of  a  large  folio  Bible,  also  a  Silver  Cup  and  Cover  Gilt  with  the 
following  inscription  engraved  thereon,  viz.,  The  Gift  of  John 


Vestries,  A.D.  1779-80. 

Smith,  Esq.,  to  the  Parish  Church  of  St.  Helen,  London,  for  the 
use  of  the  Communion  Service.  1778. 

That  the  two  Silver  Cups  usually  made  use  of  at  the  Commu- 
nion Service  be  Gilt. 

1779.  January    21.      Church  Warden    informed   the  Vestry   that  the 
Inhabitants  present  at  the  last  Oyster  Feast  were  very  numerous, 
and  on  that  account  he  had  unavoidably  expended  £6  13s.  8d. 
more  than  is  allowed,  Ordered  That  he  be  at  liberty  to  charge  the 

v      same  in  his  account. 

April  8.  That  John  Smith,  Esq.,  be  excused  from  serving  all 
parish  offices  in  consideration  of  the  many  favours  received  by 
this  parish  from  him. 

W.  Clarke  and  Timothy  Corp  to  take  care  of  Church  Clock  at 
45«y.  fr  Annum. 

June  16.  That  the  time  of  any  persons  quitting  or  dying  in 
this  parish  be  entered  in  the  Parish  Book. 

August  5.  Necessary  steps  to  be  taken  to  recover  the  arrears 
due  from  Mrs  Martin  of  the  Four  Pounds  ^r  Annum  given  by  the 
will  of  Joyce  Featly. 

October  14.  Mrs  Martin  being  dead,  enquiry  ordered  to  be 
made  to  whom  the  copyhold  property  at  Kennington  has  descended. 

That  the  London  Workhouse  Rate  be  not  paid  out  of  the  rate 
made  for  the  support  of  the  poor  for  the  present  year. 

Church  Warden  allowed  to  charge  the  extraordinary  expenses 
at  the  last  Oyster  Feast  amounting  to  £1  14s.  4<d. 

1780.  January   5.     John   Smith,  Esq.,  having   expressed  his   desire  of 
having  the  remainder  of  the  Communion  Plate  belonging  to  this 
parish  Gilt,  and  having  desired  the  Church  Warden  to  acquaint 
this  Vestry,  That  in  case  this  parish  would  cause  it  to  be  done,  he 
would  be  at  one  half  the  expense  thereof.     This  Vestry  taking  into 
consideration   the   many   benefits   received   by  this  parish   from 
the  said  Mr.  Smith,  doth  order  that  his  said  desire  be  complied 
with. 

Repealed  next  Vestry  March  30. 

It  appearing  that  a  pint  of  wine  only,  was  allowed  by  this 
parish  for  the  Vestry  on  a  Sunday,  but  of  late  a  Bottle  has  been 
constantly  taken  thereto,  Ordered  That  a  pint  of  Wine  only  be 
allowed  the  Vestry  on  a  Sunday  as  heretofore  from  henceforth. 

Complaint  being  made  of  the  foulness  of  the  Pump  Water  in 


Vestries,  A.D.  1780-1.  187 

Great  St.  Helen's,  Ordered  That  the  Church  Wardens  do  cause 
the  well  of  the  pump  to  be  inspected,  and  give  such  directions 
as  shall  be  found  necessary  to  prevent  the  water  being  foul  in 
future. 

That  the  sum  of  £20  ^r  annum  be  paid  to  the  Revd  Geo. 
Toovey  by  the  Under  Church  Warden  by  quarterly  payments,  and 
continue  during  the  pleasure  of  this  Vestry, 

The  above  grant  is  meant  as  a  proof  of  the  personal  esteem 
which  this  Vestry  entertain  for  the  Revd  Mr.  Toovey  who  has  been 
Curate  to  this  parish  Twenty-two  years,  and  is  not  to  be  considered 
as  a  precedent  for  any  future  Minister  to  expect  the  same. 

1780.  March  30.     Timothy  Cork  to    look  after  the  Church  Clock    at 
45*.  ^  Annum. 

A  Letter  from  Lord  George  Gordon  President  of  the  Protestant 
Association  dated  Welbeck  Street  January  1780  was  read,  and  also 
a  petition  therein  enclosed  was  also  read,  and  Ordered  to  lie  on 
the  Table. 

June  15.  That  the  thanks  of  this  Vestry  be  given  to  John 
Smith,  Esq.  for  having  presented  the  Parish  with  three  new  Bells 
and  the  hanging  thereof  in  the  Steeple  of  this  parish  church. 

1781.  January  3.     Tho8  Sowerby  had  leave  to  lay  a  flat  Stone  over  the 
grave  of  his  late  wife  and  children  in  the  Church,  with  the  usual 
reservation. 

March  29.  That  the  sum  of  Three  Guineas  be  distributed  on 
Xmas  day  next  amongst  the  poor  belonging  to  this  parish  who 
shall  not  be  in  the  workhouse. 

April  19.  That  a  new  Umbrella  be  provided  for  the  use  of  the 
Minister. 

That  the  sum  of  £3  85.  Qd.  ordered  by  the  last  Vestry  and  the 
like  sum  of  £3  3s.  0^.  be  given  &  distributed  amongst  such  poor, 
yearly  from  henceforth  in  the  following  manner,  That  is  to  say, 
That  there  be  given  on  Christmas  Eve  next  and  on  every  Christmas 
Eve  in  every  year  thereafter,  unless  Christmas  day  shall  fall  on  a 
Monday  &  then  on  the  Saturday  preceding  as  follows. 

To  every  grown  person  including  the  Husband  or  Wife  if  ac- 
tually living  with  the  pauper  who  shall  apply  for  the  same. 

Two  Pounds  of  Good  Beef  or  Mutton. 

One  Two  Penny  Loaf   .  .  .  One  Pound  of  Flour. 


188  Vestries,  A.D.  178J-2. 

Four  Ounces  of  Suet     .  .  .  Four  Ounces  of  Raisins. 
One  Penny  for  an  Egg  .  .  .  One  Peck  of  Coals  or 
Money  to  buy  them.      .  .  .  One  Pint  of  Porter  or 
Two  Pence  to  buy  it. 

And  for  every  Child  actually  living  with  &  maintaining  by  the 
Pauper  in  addition  to  the  above, 

Half  a  pound  of  good  beef  or  Mutton, 

One  Twopenny  Loaf,  and  One  pound  of  Flour. 

And  that  the  said  provisions  be  purchased  &  distributed  by  the 
Under  Churchwarden  for  the  time  being,  and  that  the  Upper 
Churchwarden  for  the  time  being  do  furnish  a  list  of  the  persons 
meant  by  the  said  Order,  with  the  number  of  children  each  person 
has,  and  which  are  actually  maintained  by  the  said  person  one 
week  before  Christmas-day.  And  that  no  Servant  of  this  parish 
receive  any  part  of  the  said  gift.  And  that  the  Beadle  do  give 
publick  notice  of  the  said  gift  to  the  poor,  three  several  Sundays 
preceding  Christmas  Eve  next  ensuing  and  of  the  time  of  giving 
it  away. 

1781.  May  17.     A  Bill    of    Costs   presented    signed    R.    Hughes  for 
£41  17s.  0<$.  for  prosecuting  Charles  Oxtoby  a  pauper  of  this  parish 
for  assaults  committed  on  two  female  children.     Referred  to  the 
Vestry  Clerk  to  peruse  and  give  his  opinion  thereon. 

October  4.  The  Vestry  Clerk  reported  that  he  had  conferred 
with  Mr  Hughes  upon  certain  items  in  his  Bill,  which  were  con- 
sidered unwarrantable,  and  that  Mr  H.  had  proposed  to  take  £18 
for  this  parishes  proportion  thereof,  which  was  acceded  to. 

1782.  January  17.     Petition  ordered  to  be  presented  to  the  Court  of 
Common  Council  that  this  parish  conceived  themselves  aggrieved 
by  the  election  of  Mr  Wm  Falkner  to  be  one  of  the  Common 
Councilmen  for  this  Precinct  and  praying  relief  against  the  said 
election. 

April  4.  Tho8  Carrington  to  look  after  the  Church  Clock  at 
45s.  ^  annum. 

May  30.  That  the  Revd  Mr  Naish  do  preach  or  cause  to  be 
preached  the  several  Sermons  directed  by  the  respective  wills  of 
the  Benefactors  to  this  Parish  on  the  several  and  respective  days 
on  which  they  are  appointed  to  be  so  preached,  and  that  Mr  Naish 
be  furnished  with  a  copy  of  this  order. 


Vestries,  A.D.  1783-4.  189 

1783.  September  18.     The  Auditors  having  refused  to   allow  the  late 
Churchwarden  what  he  had  unavoidably  expended  more  than  the 
£8  allowed  by  this  parish  for  the  Oyster  Feast,  Ordered  That  the 
Auditors  do  allow  him  the  same. 

This  Vestry  being  desirous  of  showing  their  gratitude  and 
respect  to  the  memory  of  John  Smith,  Esq.  deceased,  for  the  many 
favors  received  from  him  while  living,  Doth  resolve,  That  in  case 
his  Executors  shall  at  any  time  hereafter  be  desirous  of  erecting 
or  putting  up  a  Monument  to  his  memory  in  any  part  of  this 
parish  Church,  they  shall  be  at  liberty  to  do  so  without  paying  any 
sum  of  money  whatsoever  to  this  Parish  for  the  same. 

Thomas  Watkins  elected  Churchwarden  for  the  remainder  of 
the  year.  Vacant  by  the  death  of  Mr  Henry  Frorne. 

October  1.     The  above  election  declared  null  and  void. 

1784.  January   29.     Mr   Churchwarden    Butt   reported    that    he    had 
attended  a  meeting  of  the  Creditors  of  the  late  Mr  Frome,  when  a 
proposal  was  made  by  the  Executrix  to  give  security  for  payment 
of  Nine  Shillings  in  the  £  on  their  respective  debts  on  the  25th  of 
March  next,  and  that  it  appeared  to  be  the  sense  of  the  Creditors 
present  to  accept  such  proposal.    Kesolved,  That  the  Churchwarden 
be  at  liberty  to  sign  an  agreement  to  accept  thereof  on  the  Balance 
of  £55  2s.  4>d.  due  to  this  parish,  and  on  payment  thereof  to  give 
a  discharge  in  full  for  the  same. 

That  a  Pick  Axe  be  provided  for  taking  up  the  Fire  Plugs  in 
this  parish. 

February  12.  John  Smith,  Esq.  having  by  his  Will  left  £20 
to  be  distributed  amongst  the  most  necessitous  poor  Inhabitants 
of  this  parish  at  the  discretion  of  a  Vestry  to  be  called  for  that 
purpose  The  following  persons  were  recommended  as  proper 
objects  and  the  legacy  divided  amongst  them  as  follows  : 

William  Baker £4  15     0 

Roger  Robarts 220 

Richard  Whitehead     ....     4     4     0 

MrsDoxey 440 

George  Bertie 2  13     0 

John  Dickerson 220 

This  Vestry  taking  into  consideration  the  distresses  of  the  Poor 
who  are  not  in  the  workhouse,  on  account  of  the  severity  of  the 


190  Vestries,  A.D.  1784. 

Weather,  doth  order,  That  Mr  Churchwarden  do  give  to  Thomas 
Dod  One  Guinea,  to  Elizabeth  Chipps  One  Guinea,  to  Matthew 
Bishop  Three  Guineas,  to  Mary  Guy  Half  a  Guinea,  and  to 
Catherine  Sinclair  Five  Shillings.  And  that  he  do  also  give  to 
each  of  the  Pensioners  One  Shilling  ^  week,  and  to  such  of  them 
as  have  Children  the  further  sum  of  Sixpence  per  Week  for  each 
and  every  Child,  over  and  above  what  is  at  present  paid  them 
during  the  continuance  of  the  present  Frost. 

1784.  April  15.  This  Vestry  request  the  Overseer  to  be  aiding  and 
assisting  the  Church  Wardens  in  the  management  of  the  poor  for 
the  Year  ensuing. 

Complaints  having  been  made  that  Edward  Bradley,  Parish 
Clerk,  had  received  more  for  Burials  than  the  Table  of  Fees 
approved  at  a  Vestry  held  April  8,  1681,  or  the  Order  of  Vestry 
made  January  13,  1757,  warranted.  Ordered  That  the  said  Order 
be  repealed  and  that  the  Parish  Clerk  for  the  future  make  no  other 
charge  than  what  is  mentioned  in  the  said  Table  of  Fees  upon  any 
pretence  whatsoever.  And  that  the  Vestry  Clerk  do  from  hence- 
forth yearly  and  every  year  make  and  deliver  to  the  Under 
Churchwarden  a  Copy  of  the  said  Table  of  Fees. 

June  3.     Church  Rate  Is.  3d.  in  £. 

June  17.  The  Auditors  having  examined  the  Accounts  of 
Mr  John  Butt,  there  appeared  a  balance  due  from  him  of 
£199  9s.  kd.y  the  whole  of  which  he  confessed  he  had  applied  in 
payment  of  his  own  debts,  and  that  he  was  now  unable  to  pay  the 
said  balance  to  this  parish,  Whereupon  the  Beadle  was  directed,  to 
desire  Mr  Butt  to  attend  the  Vestry  immediately.  To  which  Mr 
Butt  returned  answer  that  he  could  not  think  of  coming  to  the 
Vestry.  Whereupon  the  Vestry  adjourned  to  that  Se'nnight 
when  they  expect  Mr  Butt  will  attend  and  propose  such  terms  and 
security  as  they  may  approve,  and  in  default  thereof,  the  parish 
will  take  the  most  effectual  steps  against  him  to  enforce  payment. 

June  24.  The  Vestry  Clerk  stated  that  Mr  Butt  had  desired 
him  to  state  that  he  could  not  attend  the  Vestry,  but  was  ready  to 
enter  into  an  obligation  to  pay  £100  at  the  end  of  12  Months 
and  the  remainder  at  12  Months  after,  and  that  was  the  utmost 
he  could  do. 

After  consideration,  Ordered,  That  the  Vestry  Clerk  do  forth- 
with proceed  against  Mr  John  Butt  late  Church  Warden  for  the 


Vestries,  A.D.  1784.  191 

recovery  of  the  said  balance  of  £199  9<s.  4<d.  due  from  him  to  this 
parish. 

Mr  George  Hickes  had  leave  to  erect  a  small  Stone  not  exceeding 
2  feet  in  height  to  the  memory  of  his  late  Wife  with  an  inscription 
thereon  on  the  side  of  the  footway  leading  to  the  Church  in  the 
Church  Yard. 

Committee  of  Gentlemen  who  have  passed  the  Chair,  to  inspect 
the  Standing  Orders  relative  to  the  expenditure  of  the  Parish  Money. 
1784.  October  14.  The  above  Committee  reported,  That  they  were 
of  opinion  that  the  Swearing-in  Dinner  and  Supper  in  future 
should  be  provided  at  3s.  6d.  ^  Head,  including  Bread,  Beer,  &c., 
Wine  and  Punch  only  excepted.  And  that  the  Beadle  and 
Sextoness  should  be  allowed  a  Crown  each  instead  of  attending  to 
receive  the  broken  victuals. 

That  on  Ascension  Day  there  should  be  only  Wands  and 
Favors  provided  for  those  Children  of  the  Inhabitants  who  walked 
with  the  Gentlemen,  and  that  Dinner  and  Supper  on  that  day 
should  be  provided  for  the  inhabitants  at  4s.  ^  Head  including 
everything,  excepting  Wine  &  Punch.  And  that  the  Beadle  and 
Sextoness  be  allowed  a  Crown  each  instead  of  attending  to  receive 
the  Broken  Victuals. 

Also,  That  the  Supper  at  the  Oyster  Feast  should  be  provided 
at  2s.  6d.  ^  Head  including  everything  except  Punch  and  Wine, 
and  on  which  the  Church  Wardens  should  not  expend  more  than 
£4,  And  that  the  Beadle  and  Sextoness  be  allowed  2s.  each  instead 
of  attending  to  receive  the  broken  victuals. 

That  the  said  Committee  were  also  of  opinion  All  Money 
collected  by  Virtue  of  Briefs  or  the  King's  Letter  should  in  future 
be  paid  over  to  the  person  appointed  to  receive  the  same,  and  no 
part  thereof  be  applied  to  any  other  use  whatsoever. 

Ordered,  That  the  several  regulations  proposed  by  the  said 
Committee  be  carried  into  execution  by  the  present  and  future 
Church  Wardens  of  this  Parish. 

The  Committee  having  also  caused  extracts  to  be  taken  from 
the  Vestry  Books  of  Several  Orders  necessary  to  be  known  by  the 
Church  Wardens  for  the  time  being,  they  were  Ordered  to  be 
fairly  entered  in  two  Books  to  be  provided  for  that  purpose,  and 
delivered  to  each  of  the  present  Church  Wardens  and  by  them  to 
their  respective  successors. 


192  Vestries,  A.D.  1785. 

That  an  Order  of  Vestry  made  April  15,  1773,  for  erasing  the 
Arms  of  James  Townsend,  Esq.  late  Lord  Mayor  of  the  City  of 
London,  put  up  in  this  Parish  Church  be  repealed. 

Mr  John  Butt  proposed  to  enter  into  a  Bond  together  with 
Messrs  John  &  William  Felton  as  his  Sureties  for  payment  of 
£100  in  twelve  months  from  this  time,  provided  the  Parish  would 
accept  the  same  in  full  for  the  balance  due  from  him.  And  to 
pay  the  costs  of  the  Action  brought  by  this  Parish  against  him. 
Whereupon  Mr  Houston  moved  and  Mr  Greenaway  seconded,  That 
this  Parish  do  agree  to  accept  the  offer  now  made,  and  the  question 
was  carried  in  the  Affirmative. 

1785.  January  27.  That  no  person  whomsoever  who  is  not  an  inhabitant 
of  this  Parish  be  permitted  to  remain  in  the  Vestry  Room  at  any 
Vestry  hereafter  to  be  held  for  the  same  Parish. 

March  10.  Application  was  made  on  behalf  of  one  Richard  Low 
who  stands  committed  to  the  Poultry  Compter  .... 

.  ,  .  and  offering  to  pay  £7  in  case  this  Parish  would 
release  the  said  Richard  Low  and  consent  to  his  being  discharged, 
but  such  offer  was  rejected. 

Mr  George  Archdale  Low  had  leave  to  lay  a  flat  Stone  over 
the  graves  of  his  father  and  mother  in  the  Church  Yard  with  the 
usual  reservation. 

March  31.  Mr  John  Hardwicke  and  Mr  William  Moore  being 
put  in  nomination  for  Under  Church  Warden  and  Mr  Hardwicke 
being  elected,  Mr  Moore  informed  the  Vestry  that  it  was  impos- 
sible for  Mr  Hardwicke  to  serve  the  said  office  on  account  of  his 
business,  but  if  they  would  elect  Mr  Joseph  Potter  in  his  stead,  he 
would  enter  into  an  obligation  for  his  faithful  discharge  of  the 
duties  of  the  Office.  Whereupon  it  was  agreed,  That  the  Election 
of  Mr  Hardwicke  be  vacated,  And  that  Mr  Potter  be  elected  in  his 
room.  On  condition  that  Mr  Hardwicke  doth  enter  into  an  obli- 
gation with  this  Parish  for  said  Mr  Potter's  faithful  discharge  of 
the  duties  of  the  said  office. 

April  28.  Church  Rate  §d.  in  £. 

September  1.  That  no  Churchwarden  of  this  parish  shall  in 
future  permit  or  suffer  the  Beadle  of  this  parish  in  any  manner  to  act 
in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  the  office  of  Churchwarden  of  the 
said  parish.  New  Surplice  for  the  Minister. 


Vestries,  A.D.  1785-6. 


193 


1785.  October  27.      A    proposition    was    made    by  Mr   Butt  and    his 
Sureties  to  pay  the  sum  of  £50  on  account  of  their  Bond  for  £100 
and   requested   twelve  months  time   to  pay  the  remainder  with 
interest,  which  was  acceded  to. 

1786.  January  12.     It  appearing  that  Sir  Martin  Lumley's  Gift  of  £4 
^  Ann.  had  not  for  several  years  been  distributed  according  to 
his  Will,   Ordered,  That  the  present  and  future  Churchwardens 
of  this  parish  do  from  time  to  time  from  henceforth  distribute  and 
give  the  said  £4  <p  Annum  amongst  the  poor  householders  in- 
habiting within  the  said  parish  at  the  times  and  in  manner  directed 
by  the  said  Will. 

March  30.  Committee  appointed  to  inspect  the  outside  of  the 
Church  and  Church  Steeple,  and  to  report  the  several  repairs 
wanting  thereto. 

Mr  Kuhff  had  leave  to  lay  a  flat  stone  over  the  grave  of  his 
child  in  the  Church,  with  the  usual  reservation. 

That  every  person  who  shall  hereafter  be  buried  in  the  Church 
in  Lead,  and  shall  not  be  a  parishioner  and  an  Inhabitant  of  this 
parish,  shall  pay  a  sum  of  Five  Guineas  for  the  use  of  the  said 
parish,  over  and  above  all  other  the  accustomed  fees  now  paid. 

April  6.  The  Committee  having  recommended  certain  repairs, 
Mr  W.  Gosling  and  Mr  Schooling  were  added  to  the  Committee 
for  the  Superintendence  thereof,  and  they  were  directed  to  employ 
the  following  persons  to  do  the  said  repairs. 


John  Upwood, 
Wix  &  Poynder, 
Booth, 
Phillips, 
John  Scidmore, 
W.  Gosling, 
Mrs  Lupton, 
and  Tysen, 


Throgmorton  Street,  the  Plasterer's  Work. 


Bishopsgate  Street, 
Lothbury, 
Camomile  Street, 
Bishopsgate  Street, 


Bricklayers. 

Painter. 

Smith. 

Plumber. 

Carpenters. 

Glazier. 

Slater. 


Old  Broad  Street, 
Tooley  Street, 

April  27.  That  the  present  and  every  future  Under  Church- 
warden of  this  parish,  do  deliver  in  an  account  of  his  Church  war- 
den ship,  to  the  Auditors  of  this  parish  within  fourteen  days  after 
he  or  they  shall  be  out  of  the  said  office. 

June  29.  That  the  present  and  all  future  Churchwardens  of 
this  parish  do  at  the  time  their  respective  accounts  shall  be  signed 


194  Vestries,  A.D.  1786-7. 

by  the  Auditors,  deliver  up  the  Several  Church  and  Poor  Rate 
Books,  and  all  the  vouchers  in  their  respective  custody  or  power, 
relating  to  the  said  Accounts,  and  that  the  same  be  deposited  with 
the  records  and  other  papers  belonging  to  this  parish. 

1786.  August  8.     Negatived.    That    the    Swearing    In   and  Ascension 
dinner  be  in  future  discontinued. 

October  26.  Mr.  Churchwarden  Potter  stated  that  the  Bene- 
factions given  by  Cicely  Cyoll,  Thos  Hutchins,  Sir  John  Lawrence, 
Mary  Clapham,  and  Rob1  Dingley  amounted  to  £590,  and  that  the 
moiety  of  the  rent  of  the  house  given  by  Edward  Fenner,  and  of 
the  house  given  by  William  Prior,  and  also  of  the  house  given  by 
Thomas  Fenner  had  not  for  some  time  past  been  applied  according 
to  the  Wills  of  the  respective  donors,  Ordered  That  the  Trustees 
of  the  parish  stock  do  from  time  to  time  from  henceforth  pay  the 
interest  of  the  said  sum  of  £590  (part  of  the  sum  of  £650  3  f  C* 
Bank  Annuities  1726  possessed  by  the  parish)  to  the  Church- 
wardens for  the  time  being,  to  be  by  them  and  the  Overseers  of 
the  poor  applied  as  directed  by  the  said  Benefactors,  And  that  the 
said  Churchwardens  from  henceforth  receive  the  rents  and  profits 
of  the  said  Messuages  or  Tenements  and  apply  the  same  as  directed 
by  the  respective  Wills  of  the  donors. 

It  appearing  by  a  Computation  made  of  the  Interest  of  the  said 
sum  of  £590  and  of  the  rents  of  the  said  Messuages,  there  will  be 
a  surplus  (after  application  of  so  much  as  is  directed  by  the  wills 
of  the  said  donors)  of  £54  or  thereabouts.  This  Vestry  doth 
therefore  further  order  and  direct,  That  the  Churchwardens  and 
Overseers  of  the  parish  do  from  henceforth  lay  out  £8  ^  annum 
in  the  purchase  of  Sea  Coal  and  the  further  sum  of  £35  in  Wearing 
Apparel  out  of  such  surplus  and  distribute  the  same  amongst  the 
poor  of  this  parish,  and  also  the  remainder  of  the  Surplus  in  such 
manner  as  they  in  their  discretion  shall  think  fit. 

Application  having  been  made  to  Messrs  Felton  requiring  pay- 
ment of  the  sum  of  £50  and  Intr  and  no  answers  having  been 
received,  the  Vestry  Clerk  was  directed  to  proceed  against  them 
for  the  recovery  thereof. 

1787.  January   18.     The  Vestry  Clerk   reported  that   he   had  brought 
actions   against   John  Felton  and   William  Felton  and  in  conse- 
quence thereof,  had  recovered  the  principal  and  interest  amounting 
to  £52  10«s.  which  he  was  directed  to  pay  to  the  Churchwardens. 


Vestries,  A.D.  1787.  195 

1787.  June  7.  That  the  several  repairs  wanting  to  the  inside  of  this 
Church  (and  whereof  particulars  and  estimates  were  produced  at 
a  former  Vestry)  be  done  forthwith. 

Committee  appointed  to  see  the  several  repairs  effectually  per- 
formed, and  that  they  do  employ  the  several  Tradesmen  who  made 
out  the  particulars  of  the  said  several  repairs  to  do  the  same. 

That  the  Churchwardens  do  provide  and  cause  to  be  fixed  up 
in   this  Church,  Two  Stoves  to  warm  the  said  Church  so  as  the 
expense  thereof  doth  not  exceed  the  sum  of  £50. 
Church  Rate  Is.  3d.  in  the  £. 

That  the  Trustees  of  this  parish  of  the  sum  of  £750.  3  f  Cfc 
Bk  Anns  1726  now  standing  in  their  names  and  belonging  to  the 
said  parish,  do  sell  out  and  transfer  £160  thereof,  being  so  much 
remaining  after  setting  apart  the  sum  of  £590  for  the  purposes 
mentioned  in  the  Order  of  Vestry  of  the  26th  of  October  last  and 
pay  the  same  to  the  Under  Churchwarden. 

The  Inhabitants  of  Sl  Peter-le-Poor  Broad  Street  having  of 
late  years  on  their  procession  on  Ascension  day,  gone  through  a 
considerable  part  of  S*  Helens  Parish,  and  as  the  continuance  of 
such  practice  might  beget  an  idea  of  a  right  to  do  so,  a  Letter 
was  written  to  the  Church  Warden  of  that  parish,  stating,  that  if 
the  gentlemen  of  the  parish  of  S*  Peter-le-Poor  could  not  con- 
veniently get  a  view  of  their  Bounds  within  their  own  parish,  The 
parish  of  S1  Helens  was  willing  to  accommodate  the  Church  Wardens 
and  a  few  of  the  Gentlemen  with  a  passage  for  that  purpose  on  a 
request  of  the  Vestry  of  S*  Peter-le-Poor,  the  said  request  to  be 
in  writing,  in  order  that  it  might  remain  among  the  records  of 
this  parish  as  an  evidence  of  their  right — At  the  same  time  the 
parish  of  S1  Helens  desired  to  assure  the  parish  of  S*  Peter-le-Poor 
that  a  wish  to  prevent  the  possibility  of  any  dispute  arising 
between  the  said  parishes  in  future,  was  the  sole  motive  that 
induced  them  to  make  the  said  application. 

To  which  the  following  answer  was  returned  and  ordered  to  be 
entered  in  the  Vestry  Book  and  the  Originals  deposited  with  the 
records  of  the  parish. 

Old  South  Sea  House,  Oct.  20,  1876.  \  /J 

Sir, — Mr  Thornton  Churchwarden  of  Sl  Peter-le-Poor  having 
laid  your  Letter  of  the  26th  of  September  last  to  him  before  the 
gentlemen  of  the  Vestry  of  such  parish,  I  have  their  directions  to 

o  2 


196  Vestries,  A.D.  1787-8. 

inform  you  that  it  is  their  request  that  Sl  Helens  parish  will 
accommodate  the  Churchwardens  and  a  few  of  the  Gentlemen  of 
the  parish  of  S*  Peter-le-Poor  with  a  passage  through  S*  Helens 
parish  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  a  view  of  their  Boundaries  on 
their  annual  perambulation. 

I  am  Sir,  Your  Most  Obed1  Servant 

To  Mr.  Joseph  Potter,  NIGH.  W.  LEWES 

Churchwarden  of  the, Parish  of  Vestry  Clerk  of  the  Parish  of 

St.  Helen's,  London.  St.  Peter-le-Poor. 

1787.  July  5.     That  the  Vestry  Clerk  do  deliver   to    Mr  John  Hard- 
wicke  his  Bond  bearing  date  the  1st  April  1785  in  the  penalty  of 
£499  and  executed  by  him  to  this  parish  for  Mr  Joseph  Potter's 
faithful  discharge  of  the  duties  of  the  office  of  Churchwarden  of 
the  said  parish  in  pursuance  of  an  Order  of  Vestry  bearing  date 
the  31st  March,  1785,  the  said  Mr  Potter  having  executed  the  said 
office  to  the  satisfaction  of  this  Vestry. 

Mem.  Mr  Potter  was  still  in  office  and  continued  to  March 
1788. 

That  the  Churchwardens  do  pay  the  Revd  Mr  Naish  5  Guineas 
out  of  Sir  John  Lawrence's  gift  to  this  parish  for  the  last  year, 
ending  Lady- day  last. 

That  the  annual  payment  of  Ten  Shillings  to  the  Vicar  of  this 
parish  and  %s.  Qd.  to  the  Clerk  and  claimed  by  them  as  the  gift  of 
Diana  Astrey  be  from  henceforth  discontinued.  It  not  appearing 
that  the  said  parish  has  any  funds  to  pay  the  same. 

October  11.  The  several  Tradesmen's  Bills  for  the  repairs  of 
the  Church  amounting  to  £206  1$.  S^d.  having  been  examined 
and  found  correct,  were  ordered  to  be  paid. 

1788.  January  10.     That   the   Morning    Service   on  a  Sunday  in   this 
parish  Church  do  in  future  begin  at  a  quarter  of  an  Hour  before 
Eleven  o'clk. 

March  27.  The  order  of  Vestry  April  19  1781  that  three 
guineas  should  be  annually  distributed  among  the  poor  was 
repealed,  Mrs  Mary  Clapham  having  in  the  year  1736  left  a  fund 
for  that  purpose. 

May  23.     Church  Rate  Sixpence  in  £. 

That  the  present  and  every  future  Church  Warden  do  keep  a 
distinct  and  separate  account  of  all  monies  received  and  disbursed 


Vestries,  A.D.  1788-9.  197 

on  account  of  the  charitable  donations,  and  that  the  Under 
Churchwarden  for  the  time  being  do  receive  as  heretofore  all 
rents  and  annuities  on  said  account  arid  thereout  pay  the  gifts  left 
by  Sir  Martin  Lumley  and  Mr  Hanson  to  poor  housekeepers. 
The  said  Sir  Martin  Luinley's  gift  for  a  Lecture,  the  sums 
directed  to  be  paid  for  sermons  by  the  Wills  of  Joyce  Featley, 
William  Prior  and  Thomas  Fennor,  such  part  of  Sir  John 
Lawrence's  gift  as  this  Vestry  shall  from  time  to  time  order  to  be 
paid  to  the  Vicar  of  this  parish,  the  forty  shillings  left  by  William 
Prior  for  a  drinking,  the  Insurance  of  the  house  left  by  the  said 
William  Prior,  the  Baker's  bill  for  Bread  left  to  the  Poor  by 
John  Robinson,  William  Robinson,  Joyce  Featley,  Cicely  Cioll, 
Thomas  Hutchins  and  John  Dingley,  and  that  he  do  also  pay  to 
the  Upper  Churchwarden  out  of  the  before  mentioned  rents  and 
annuities,  the  sum  of  £40  in  the  month  of  August  and  the  further 
sum  of  £22  in  the  month  of  February  following,  and  what  shall 
remain  in  his  hands  after  such  payments  as  aforesaid  in  the  last 
Week  of  his  office  as  Under  Churchwarden. 

That  the  Upper  Churchwarden  do  apply  the  Several  Sums 
received  by  him  from  the  Under  Church  Warden  on  account  of 
the  said  charitable  donations  in  such  manner  as  is  directed  by  the 
Wills  of  William  Prior,  Edward  Fennor,  Thomas  Fennor,  Mary 
Clapham  and  an  Order  of  Vestry  of  October  26,  1786. 

That  the  Under  Churchwarden  do  annually  pay  the  Revd  Mr 
Naish  £5  5s.  Qd.  out  of  Sir  John  Lawrence's  gift  during  the 
pleasure  of  this  Vestry. 

1788.  June  25.     That  a  Vestry  be  held  on  Wednesday  next  to  chuse 
a  Sextoness  in  the  room  of  Catherine  Green,  deceased,  and  that 
such  choice  be  by  ballot  to  commence  at  5  and  close  at  7  o'clk.  in 
the  afternoon. 

July  2.  The  Candidates  having  appeared  and  offered  them- 
selves for  the  place  of  Sextoness  for  the  remainder  of  the  Year, 
upon  casting  up  the  numbers  found  for 

Elizabeth  Baylis     .     31  Elizabeth  Dickerson    16 

Ann  Whitehead      .     30  Ann  Green   ...       2 

Whereupon  Elizabeth  Baylis  was  declared  duly  elected. 

1789.  May  14.     Election  for  Beadle,  Engineer  and  Organ  Blower  vacant 
by  the  death  of  John  Dickerson.     Richard  Whitehead  being  the 


198  Vestries,  A.D.  1789-90. 

only  Candidate  was  unanimously  elected  for  the  remainder  of  the 
year. 

1789.  June  18.     Church  Rate  9d.  in  £. 

That  the  sum  of  Five  Guineas  be  paid  to  the  Revd  John  Naish 
for  his  attention  to  the  wishes  of  this  parish  in  the  appointment  of 
a  Morning  Preacher. 

That  the  like  sum  be  paid  to  the  Revd  Mr  Edmonds  as  a  testi- 
mony of  this  parish's  respect  and  approbation. 

Mr  S.  R.  Gaussen  applied  for  leave  to  erect  a  Monument 
against  the  wall  of  the  Church  10  f  *  high  by  5  or  6  wide,  near  the 
grave  of  the  late  Peter  Gaussen,  Esq.  which  was  granted  on  his 
making  good  all  damage  that  may  be  occasioned  thereby,  and 
paying  all  expenses  attending  the  same. 

October  15.  The  order  of  April  15  17S4  directing  the  Vestry 
Clerk  to  deliver  yearly  to  the  Under  Churchwarden  a  copy  of  the 
Table  of  Fees  was  repealed. 

1790.  January  7.     Mr  Sam1  Margerum  had  leave  to  lay  a  flat  stone  over 
the  grave  of  his  late  wife   in  the  Church  with  an   inscription 
thereon,  with  the  usual  reservation. 

That  the  Churchwardens  of  this  parish  do  not  in  future  enforce 
the  payment  of  the  Church  Rate  against  the  Quaker  Inhabitants 
more  than  once  in  two  years  unless  occasion  shall  require  it. 

June  11.  This  Vestry  taking  into  consideration  that  the  Revd 
John  Naish,  Vicar  of  this  parish,  has  ever  shewn  himself  ready 
and  desirous  to  oblige  the  Parishioners  by  employing  such  Clergy- 
men to  officiate  in  this  parish  church  as  they  have  approved ;  and 
that  the  Collection  annually  made  by  or  for  him  the  said  Vicar  has 
of  late  fallen  considerably  short  of  its  former  amount,  Doth  resolve 
and  order  that  the  said  Collection  be  discontinued  and  that  in  lieu 
thereof,  the  Under  Churchwarden  do  pay  the  sum  of  £50  to  the 
said  Revd  John  Naish  in  the  month  of  July  next,  And  that  the 
Under  Churchwarden  for  the  time  being  do  pay  the  like  sum 
of  £50  annually  in  the  month  of  July  to  the  said  Revd  John  Naish 
until  otherwise  ordered  by  the  Vestry  of  this  parish. 

That  the  Under  Churchwarden  do  in  the  month  of  July  next 
pay  the  Revd  Mr  Edmonds  the  sum  of  Ten  Guineas  as  a  testimony 
of  this  parish's  respect  and  approbation. 

July  22.  The  Church  Rate  Book  being  incomplete  could  not 
be  signed  by  this  Vestry  which  was  therefore  adjourned  to  the  28th 


Vestries,  A.D.  1790-2.  199 

Ins1  and  notice  of  such  adjournment  was  ordered  to  be  given  in 
the  church  on  Sunday  next,  and  summonses  delivered  out  for  such 
adjournment. 

1790.  October  21.     That  an  additional  Key  of  the  doors  of  the  Church 
be  provided  and  delivered  to  Mr  Thomas  Houston  in  order  that 
Ladders  provided  in  case  of  Fire  may  be  more  readily  obtained, 
and  a  board  with  Notice  where  the  same  may  be  obtained  to  be 
put  in  some  conspicuous  place  without  the  Church. 

1791.  June  23.     Holmes  Hall  and  C°  ordered  to  be  summoned  for  Poor 
Rates. 

August  25.  Application  made  on  behalf  of  Rose  Christian 
Barnard  who  was  old  and  infirm  and  (as  was  alledged)  belonged  to 
this  parish,  and  proposed  to  pay  to  the  use  of  this  parish  the 
sum  of  £100  of  which  she  was  possessed  if  this  parish  would  accept 
the  same  and  provide  for  the  said  Rose  Christian  Barnard  with  the 
rest  of  the  poor  belonging  thereto.  Agreed  to. 

October  20.  Mr  Houston  moved,  and  was  seconded  by  Mr 
Churchwarden  Greenaway,  That  the  swearing  in  dinner  and  the 
dinner  on  Ascension  day  be  in  future  discontinued.  Agreed  to, 
but  repealed  at  the  next  Vestry. 

That  the  sum  of  Ten  Guineas  be  presented  to  Revd  Mr 
Edmonds  as  a  donation  from  this  parish. 

That  a  reward  of  Two  Guineas  (increased  to  Five  Guineas  at 
the  next  Vestry)  be  given  to  any  Watchman  or  other  person,  who 
shall  apprehend  any  person  or  persons  who  has  broke  open,  or 
shall  be  found  in  the  act  of  breaking  open  the  House,  Shop,  or 
"Warehouse  of  any  inhabitant  of  this  parish,  the  same  to  be  paid 
on  conviction  of  the  offender  or  offenders  by  the  Under  Church- 
warden for  the  time  being,  and  that  Notice  of  such  reward  be  fixed 
up  in  such  conspicuous  places  within  the  parish  as  the  Under 
Churchwarden  shall  direct. 
f92.  April  12.  Mr  Geo.  Grove  appointed  to  look  after  Church  Clock. 

June  14.  Proceedings  ordered  to  be  taken  against  the  repre- 
sentatives of  Joyce  Featley. 

July  12.  That  the  Sextoness  of  this  Parish  for  the  time  being 
do  not  in  future  place  any  Inhabitant  of  this  parish  or  other  person 
or  persons  in  any  Pew  or  Seat  in  this  parish  Church,  but  under 
the  direction  of  the  Under  Churchwarden. 

September  27.     Mrs  Goodall,  widow  of  Richard  Goodall,  Esq., 


200  Vestries,  A.D.  1793-5. 

had  leave  to  lay  a  flat  stone  with  an  inscription  over  the  grave  of 
her  late  Husband  in  the  Church  with  the  usual  reservation. 

1793.  April  4.     New  Lease  granted  to  Mr  Ward  for  40  years  at  £34 
^p  ann.  on  his  agreement  to  spend  £250   in  repairs,  the  parish 
allowing  him  the  first  year's  rent  towards  the  expense  of  the 
repairs. 

June  13.  The  Engines  to  be  played  twice  only  in  the  course 
of  the  Summer,  in  every  year,  instead  of  four  times  as  heretofore. 

The  Churchwarden  stated  that  by  virtue  of  a  Pass  Warrant, 
Rose  Christiana  Barnard  aged  70  years  had  been  removed  from 
the  parish  of  S*  Ann  Westminster  to  this  parish.  That  the  friends 
of  the  said  pauper  had  applied  to  him  and  requested  that  the 
weekly  sum  which  would  be  paid  by  this  parish  for  her  mainte- 
nance in  the  workhouse  might  be  allowed  to  her,  in  which  case  her 
said  friends  would  take  due  care  of  her.  And  this  Vestry  having 
taken  the  said  request  into  consideration  as  also  the  age  and  in- 
firmities of  the  said  Rose  Christiana  Barnard,  Doth  order  that  the 
sum  of  Four  Shillings  ^  week  be  paid  for  her  during  the  pleasure 
of  this  Vestry. 

July  18.     Ten  Guineas  to  Revd  Mr  Edmonds. 

1794.  April  24.     Mr  Greenaway  informed  the  Vestry  that  the  Trustees 
of  the  Society  called  the  Ethelberga  Society  with  a  view  of  pro- 
moting the  interests  thereof,  requested  leave  of  this  parish  that  a 
part  of  the  Charity  Children  belonging  to  the  said  Society  might 
attend  Divine  Service  in  this  Parish  Church  and  be  placed  in  the 
Gallery  to  sing  the  accustomed  Psalms.     The  said  Society  being 
at  the  expense  of  providing  and  keeping  necessary  Seats  for  them 
and  of  any  other  incidental  charges.    And  this  Vestry  having  taken 
the  same  into  consideration  doth  order  that  the  said  Society  have 
leave  to  send  such  Children  accordingly. 

October  9.     Ten  Guineas  to  Revd  Mr  Edmonds. 

That  in  case  the  Revd  Mr  Middleton  shall  think  proper  to 
preach  the  Lecture  directed  by  the  Will  of  Sir  Martin  Lumley  at 
Six  o'Clk  in  the  Evening,  there  shall  be  allowed  Candles  for  that 
purpose  by  the  parish.  Repealed  at  the  next  Vestry. 

1795.  January  8.     In  consequence  of  the  high  price  of  coals,  the  Poor 
Pensioners  to  be  allowed  Six  Pence  a  Week  extra. 

June  18.  Pursuant  to  an  Act  of  Parliament  for  raising  a 
certain  number  of  Men  for  the  service  of  His  Majesty 's  Navy 


Vestries,  A.D;  1795.  201 

and  by  an  Order  of  General  Sessions  appointing  three  men  to  be 
levied  and  raised  for  this  parish  and  the  parish  of  S*  Martin 
Outwich  A  meeting  of  the  Inhabitants  of  the  respective  parishes 
was  called,  and  it  was  agreed  that  this  parish  should  raise  at  its  own 
expense,  two  of  such  men,  and  the  parish  of  St.  Martin  Outwich 
should  at  its  own  expense  raise  the  other  of  such  men.  That  in 
consequence  of  such  resolution,  the  Church  Warden  procured  such 
two  men  and  got  them  enrolled,  and  in  order  to  defray  the  expences 
of  raising  them,  a  rate  was  made  on  the  Inhabitants  by  virtue  of 
the  said  Act.  The  application  whereof  appears  in  the  Church 
Warden's  Accounts. 

1795.  September  3.  Revd  Mr  Naish  late  Vicar  having  departed  this 
life  and  a  debate  arising  on  the  right  of  presentation  a  Committee 
was  appointed  to  wait  on  the  Dean  &  Chapter  of  S1  Paul's  and 
request  leave  for  the  Inhabitants  of  this  parish  to  name  a  minister 
to  be  collated  and  inducted  to  the  Vicarage  of  this  parish,  and 
that  Mr.  Bradley  the  Impropriator  be  requested  to  accompany  the 
said  Committee. 

September  10.  The  Committee  reported  that  they  had  attended 
at  the  office  of  Mr  Jenner  the  Register  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter  on 
the  4th  ins*,  but  Mr  Jenner  not  being  in  town,  they  acquainted  his 
partner  Mr  Bush  that  they  were  a  deputation  appointed  to  solicit 
permission  for  the  Inhabitants  to  nominate  a  Preacher  for  the 
approbation  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter,  to  be  by  them  collated  to 
the  living  of  S*  Helen  in  the  room  of  the  Revd  Mr  Naish  deceased, 
the  living  being  exceeding  small,  unless  aided  by  the  generosity  of 
the  Parish  towards  the  Incumbent. 

That  Mr  Bush  replied,  the  absolute  right  of  presentation  was 
completely  vested  in  the  Dean  and  Chapter  by  usage  of  more  than 
a  century,  and  that  they  would  not  receive  anything  in  the  form 
of  a  nomination  from  the  parish  as  that  would  imply  a  right,  but 
that  he  had  no  doubt  of  a  recommendation  from  the  Vestry  meeting 
with  a  favourable  attention. 

That  on  the  same  day  the  Committee  also  attended  Dr  Jackson, 
one  of  the  Canons  Residentiaries  of  S*  Paul's  and  requested  his 
consent  to  such  recommendation,  when  Dr  Jackson  enquired 
whether  they  were  prepared  to  recommend  any  particular  person, 
which  being  answered  in  the  Negative,  he  said  he  would  confer 
with  the  Dean  and  Jenner,  and  give  his  answer  accordingly. 


202  Vestries,  A.D.  1795. 

The  Committee  attended  Dr  Jackson  again  this  day  who  told  them 
he  could  not  give  a  final  answer  till  a  meeting  of  the  Chapter  had 
been  held,  there  being  divers  applications  and  several  interests  in- 
volved in  the  business,  and  mentioned  particularly  the  Minor  Canons, 
and  likewise  that  he  had  received  a  Letter  signed  Edwd  Bradley  in 
which  as  Impropriator  but  not  presuming  on  any  right  of  presenta- 
tion he  desired  to  recommend  the  Revd  William  Edmonds  (who  had 
officiated  for  some  years  for  the  late  Revd  Mr  Naish)  to  be  collated 
to  the  Vicarage,  he  having  the  good  wishes  of  the  Parishioners. 

Dr  Jackson  then  desired  to  know  who  Mr  Bradley  was,  and 
the  Committee  informed  him  that  he  was  the  Clerk  of  the  Parish, 
who  had  also  purchased  the  Tythes  many  years.  That  as  to 
Mr  Edmonds  it  was  true  he  had  officiated  as  represented,  but  that 
the  parishioners  were  not  by  any  means  unanimous  respecting 
him.  Dr  Jackson  then  informed  them  that  as  soon  as  the  Dean 
and  Chapter  had  determined  on  the  business,  they  would  transmit 
their  sentiments  to  this  parish. 

That  the  Five  Guineas  received  on  account  of  the  interment 
of  the  late  Revd  Mr  Naish  in  Lead,  be  returned  to  his  repre- 
sentatives. 
1795.  October  8.     Ten  Guineas  to  Mr  Edmonds. 

That  One  Hundred  Copies  of  the  Table  of  the  Tythes  payable 
by  the  inhabitants  of  this  parish  be  printed  and  distributed  amongst 
such  inhabitants. 

November  1'2.  The  Church  Wardens  reported  that  they  had 
received  a  Letter  from  the  Dean  &  Chapter  of  Sl  Paul  informing 
them  that  Mr.  Watts  had  been  collated  by  them  to  the  Vicarage 
of  this  parish,  and  that  Mr  Watts  had  taken  possession  of  the 
Vicarage  in  consequence  thereof. 

That  the  sum  of  £4  4s.  Qd.  be  paid  to  Mrs  Naish  Widow  of  the 
late  Vicar  as  a  proportion  of  the  sum  of  £50  ^  Annm  heretofore 
paid  him  from  the  month  of  July  last  to  the  time  of  his  death. 

The  Vestry  then  proceeded  to  consider  of  the  right  of  the 
inhabitants  to  elect  an  afternoon  preacher,  and  resolved,  That  the 
said  inhabitants  shall  elect  an  afternoon  preacher,  and  that  the  sum 
of  £35  ^  Annum  be  allowed  and  paid  as  his  salary.  And  that  such 
persons  as  shall  deliver  in  their  names  to  the  Church  Wardens  on 
or  before  the  29th  instant  and  no  other  shall  be  admitted  Candidates 
for  the  said  Office,  and  that  the  Church  Wardens  do  apply  to  the 


Vestries,  A.D.  1796.  203 

Vicar  for  the  use  of  the  Pulpit  in  the  forenoon  of  those  days  on 
which  the  Candidates  shall  preach  their  probationary  Sermons, 
and  on  the  Thursday  next  after  the  preaching  of  the  last  of  the  said 
Sermons,  the  Election  of  a  preacher,  hy  Ballot,  shall  take  place. 
1796.  January  21.  Mr.  Churchwarden  Bough ey  informed  the  [Vestry] 
that  he  had  applied  to  Revd  Mr  Watts  for  the  use  of  the  pulpit  for 
the  Candidates  for  the  intended  Lectureship  in  preaching  their  pro- 
bationary Sermons,  and  received  for  answer  that  his  patrons  had 
desired  he  would  not  admit  of  any  alteration  in  the  duty  of  the 
Minister,  and  he  being  willing  to  do  the  duty  as  it  had  heretofore 
been  done,  could  not  acceed  to  their  request. 

Resolved,  That  the  Election  of  a  Lecturer  be  postponed. 

That  the  Table  of  Fees  for  Burials,  Christenings  and  Marriages 
be  removed  from  the  Vestry  and  placed  in  some  conspicuous  part 
of  the  void  part  of  the  Church. 

Repealed  next  Vestry. 

That  the  Parish  Clerk  do  on  all  applications  for  Burials  make 
out  an  account,  particularising  all  the  parish  dues,  and  that  such 
account  be  signed  by  the  Churchwardens  or  one  of  them,  and  ren- 
dered previous  to  the  breaking  up  of  the  ground  for  any  funerals. 

That  a  fine  of  £30  shall  be  paid  by  every  person  who  shall 
hereafter  desire  to  be,  and  be  excused  from  serving  the  office  of 
Churchwarden. 

March  30.  Order  of  April  20,  1775.  Salary  of  Parish  Clerk 
Repealed. 

Repealed  at  Next  Vestry. 

In  consequence  of  the  increased  price  of  provisions  the  allow- 
ance ^  Head  for  the  dinners  on  Ascension  Day  and  Swearing  in 
day.  Resolved,  That  in  future  the  sum  of  4>s.  Qd.  ^  Head  be 
allowed  for  the  dinners  and  suppers  on  those  days  including  every- 
thing except  Punch  and  Wine,  and  that  no  invitations  be  given 
to  the  swearing  in  dinner  to  any  persons  who  shall  not  have  passed 
the  Chair,  except  the  Sidesmen,  the  late  Sidesmen,  and  the 
Minister  or  Ministers  Vestry  Clerk  and  Organist,  for  the  time 
being. 

George  Venables  to  look  after  the  Church  Clock. 

May  26.     Church  Rate  Is.  3^.  in  the  £. 

Five  Guineas  to  be  annually  paid  to  Revd  Mr.  Watts  out  of 
Sir  John  Lawrence's  gift. 


204  Vestries,  A.D.  1796. 

1796.  June  30.  Letter  of  thanks  from  Mr.  Watts  "With  his  best 
wishes  for  the  prosperity  of  the  parish  and  an  assurance  of  my 
faithful  endeavours  to  discharge  my  duty  towards  them  as  far  as 
my  poor  abilities  will  enable  me." 

October  6.  Letter  from  Mr.  Thomas  Trundle  resigning  the 
office  of  Vestry  Clerk  which  he  had  held  for  26  Years. 

Election  to  be  on  the  20th  Ins1.  The  Ballot  to  be  open  fro  in 
4  to  6  o'clk. 

October  20.     Election. 

For  Mr.  Abbiss.  Bishopsgate  Sfc  Hardwareman  .     53 
Mr.  Finch.  Little  Sfc  Helens  Attorney   .     .     17 

Majority  .     .     36 

Thanks  of  the  Vestry  to  Mr.  Trundle  for  the  faithful  discharge 
of  the  duties  of  the  office  for  26  Years  to  be  fairly  transcribed 
and  presented  to  him. 

The  Churchwarden  having  on  consultation  with  some  of  the 
Senior  Inhabitants  allowed  the  Exers  of  Peter  Kuhff  to  make  a 
brick  arched  grave  in  the  Church  on  payment  of  £40  This 
Vestry  approved  thereof. 

November  10.  Leave  given  for  a  Monument  on  payment  of 
the  further  sum  of  £20. 

The  situation  of  Parish  Clerk  being  vacant  by  the  death  of 
Mr.  Bradley,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Watts  was  asked  if  he  would  accept 
the  choice  of  the  Vestry,  who  answering  in  the  affirmative,  the 
Election  ordered  to  be  by  Ballot  on  the  24th  Ins1  from  4  to 
6  o'Clk. 

December  8.     Election  postponed  to  this  day. 

Candidates.  Richard  Whitehead,  of  Little  St.  Helen's. 
James  Bradley,  Sun  Street. 

William  Pocock,  Bishopsgate  Street. 

—      Godson,  Clerkenwell. 

Motion  having  been  agreed  to,  Memorandum  drawn  up  and 
signed  by  the  Candidates. 

' '  We  whose  names  are  hereunto  subscribed  being  Candidates  for 
the  office  of  Parish  Clerk  do  sincerely  and  unequivocally  promise 
that  in  case  of  the  Election  of  either  us  to  the  said  office,  that  we 
will  not  procure  a  licence  to  hold  the  same  till  the  further  pleasure 
of  this  Vestry  is  made  known." 


Vestries,  A.D.  1796-7.  205 

Ballot  for  Whitehead 46 

Bradley 27 

Pocock 7 

Goodson 0 

Whereupon  Mr.  Whitehead  resigned  his  previous  office  of  Beadle 
and  an  Election  for  Beadle  ordered  by  Ballot  on  the  15th  Ins1  from 
5  to  7  o'Clk. 

Some  of  the  poor  having  pawned  their  Clothes,  Ordered  That 
the  Linen  and  Apparel  of  the  poor  be  in  future  marked  or  stamped, 
agreable  to  the  order  of  the  Churchwarden. 

Mess"  Blake,  Hobson,  and  Allfrey  had  leave  to  erect  a  Tablet 
against  the  wall  near  Sir  John  Robinson's  Monument  to  the 
memory  of  a  West  India  Gentlemen,  size  2  feet  6  in.  by  2  feet,  on 
payment  of  £10. 

1796.  December  15.     Thomas  Watkins  being  the  only  Candidate  for 
the  offices  of  Beadle,  Engineer,  and  Organ  Blower,  was  unani- 
mously elected. 

1797.  January  2.     St.  Helens  parish  having  to  furnish  3  Men  for  the 
service  of  His  Majesty's  Navy,  resolved,  That  the  Churchwardens 
procure  the  said  Men  on  the  best  terms  they  possibly  can. 

On  account  of  the  increased  expense  of  the  Oyster  Feast, 
resolved,  That  in  future  every  inhabitant  attending  at  the  Annual 
Oyster  Feast,  do  pay  the  sum  of  2s.  6d,  Except  the  Minister  Clerk, 
Organist  and  Vestry  Clerk. 

March  7.  This  Vestry  being  of  opinion  That  the  Poor  Law- 
Bill  now  before  Parliament,  a  great  increase  in  the  Poor's  Rate 
must  be  the  result,  The  Churchwardens  &  Overseers  were  authorised 
to  sign  in  the  name  of  the  parish  the  petition  to  be  presented  to 
Parliament  against  the  said  Bill. 

April  20.  That  Mr.  Tho8  Fasson  takes  his  seat  in  this  Vestry 
as  Common  Councilman  of  this  precinct. 

June  1.    Church  Rate  $d.  in  £. 

August  3.  This  Vestry  observing  the  good  conduct  of 
Richard  Whitehead  since  the  time  of  his  being  elected  Parish 
Clerk  and  relying  that  his  future  behaviour  will  correspond  with 
his  past,  are  of  opinion  that  he  is  at  liberty  to  procure  himself  to 
be  licensed. 

October  19.  Committee  appointed  to  inquire  into  the  number 
of  Vaults  and  where  they  are  situated. 


206  Vestries,  AD.  1797-8. 

17S7.  November  23.     The  Upper  Churchwarden  being  dead,  Mr  Jonn 
Punshon  undertook  the  office  for  the   remainder   of  the   year, 
except  collecting  Poor  Rate. 
1798.  March  ].     Resolved  Unanimously 

That  at  the  present  awful  crisis,  when  an  inveterate  and  im- 
placable foe  has  openly  declared  a  determination,  not  only  to 
subvert  the  civil  and  religious  constitution  of  our  country,  but 
also  to  annihilate  its  very  existence  as  an  independent  nation  It 
is  the  bounden  duty  of  every  Briton,  whatever  his  rank  or  con- 
dition may  be,  to  use  his  utmost  efforts  in  order  to  frustrate  the 
malevolent  design  of  so  determined  an  enemy,  that  the  wages  and  sub- 
sistance  of  the  Servant,  the  earnings  of  the  Mechanic,  the  profits  of 
the  Shopkeeper,  the  capital  of  the  Merchant,  the  funds  of  the  Stock- 
holder, and  the  estate  of  the  landed  proprietor,  are  alike  interested 
in  the  issue  of  the  present  contest,  and  that  the  exertions  of  all 
are  due  to  their  country,  their  families  and  themselves. 

That  it  is  the  opinion  of  this  meeting  a  Book  be  opened  to 
receive  the  voluntary  contributions  of  those  Inhabitants  who  agree 
with  the  aforesaid  resolution  and  remain  in  the  Vestry  room  from 
Friday,  March  2nd  to  Thursday  March  8th  inclusive,  and  that  the 
aggregate  amount  be  paid  into  the  Bank  of  England  as  the  Volun- 
tary Contribution  of  the  parish  of  S1  Helens,  London. 

That  a  Committee  be  appointed  for  conducting  the  said  busi- 
ness, and  that  they  do  attend  every  day  Sunday  Excepted  from 
12  to  2  o' clock  in  the  Vestry  room  to  receive  the  Subscriptions  of 
the  parishioners. 

That  these  resolutions  be  signed  by  the  Chairman  printed  and 
distributed  at  every  house  in  the  parish,  and  also  inserted  in  the 
Morning  Chronicle,  True  Briton,  and  Johnson's  Sunday  Monitor. 

April  12.  That  this  parish  discontinue  the  Annual  Perambu- 
lation of  the  boundaries  of  this  parish  and  of  dining  together  as 
heretofore  on  Ascension  day,  and  that  the  same  be  from  henceforth 
but  once  in  every  three  years. 

That  from  henceforth  the  sum  of  Two  Guineas  be  allowed  for 
all  Quarterly  'Vestrys,  and  the  sum  of  One  Guinea  for  all  other 
Vestries. 

April  19.  This  Vestry  being  informed  that  a  public  notice 
had  been  given  in  the  Church,  whereby  the  hours  of  Divine 
Service  are  altered,  and  also  that  the  Revd  Mr  Watts  had  discon- 


Vestries,  A.D.  1798-1801.  207 

tinned  the  usual    Sunday  Afternoon  Sermon  highly  approve  of 
the  same. 

1798.  June  28.     £158  received  as  Fines  in  the  last  two  years. 

That  this  parish  do  petition  the  Court  of  Common  Council  to 
widen  the  entrance  of  Great  S*  Helens  into  S*  Mary  Axe. 
Richard  Sumner  to  look  after  the  Clock. 

1799.  July  11.     Ten  Guineas  to  Revd  Mr  Ellis  for  his  past  services. 

August  29.  R.  Whitehead  the  parish  Clerk  applied  to  be 
excused  paying  the  taxes  for  the  house  he  resides  in  a  part  of,  until 
the  party  Wall  is  rebuilt  and  the  house  put  into  a  tenentable  repair, 
which  was  agreed  to. 

October  17.  That  the  Land  Tax  on  the  house  belonging  to 
this  parish  and  occupied  by  Mr  Whittenbury  be  redeemed. 

That  the  Trustees  for  this  parish  of  the  sum  of  £590  3  f  Cfc  do 
transfer  so  much  of  the  said  capital  sum  as  shall  be  necessary  to 
redeem  the  Land  Tax.  £126  16s.  Stock  for  redemption  of  £3  6s.  Qd. 
^  annum. 

Five  Guineas  to  be  paid  annually  to  the  Revd  J.  Blenkarne  out 
of  Sir  John  Lawrence's  gift. 

1800.  January  16.     Church  Rate  kd.  in  £. 

April  17.     Jas  Abbiss  to  look  after  the  Clock. 

That  this  Vestry  direct  the  Under  Church  Warden  to  pay  the 
Revd  Jas8  Blenkarne,  Vicar  of  this  parish,  the  sum  of  Seventy 
Pounds  in  the  month  of  July  next  and  also  in  the  month  of  July 
in  every  year,  during  the  pleasure  of  this  Vestry,  as  a  testimony 
of  their  esteem  and  approbation. 

That  the  dinner  on  the  day  of  swearing  in  the  Churchwardens 
be  discontinued. 

June  5.  First  entry  of  Mr.  Williams'  Senr.  name  as  present 
at  Vestry.  Church  Rate  Is.  in  £. 

1801.  January  15.     That  a  petition  be  presented   to  the  Honble  East 
India  C°,  That  the  Gates  might  be  replaced  at  the  entrance  into 
S*  Helens  from  S*  Mary  Axe  as  formerly,  they  being  taken  away 
by  the  said  Company's  orders. 

February  10.  To  which  the  East  India  Company  returned 
for  answer  that  in  taking  down  the  Old  Ones  and  giving  twelve 
feet  of  ground  to  the  public,  they  had  removed  a  considerable 
nuisance,  and  could  not  pay  further  attention  to  the  application. 

October  22.     That  in  case  any  Church  Warden  shall  hereafter 


208  Vestries,  A.D.  1802-5. 

permit  the  respective  rates  to  be  in  arrears  and  uninforced,  he  shall 
be  proceeded  against,  as  the  Law  has  provided. 

1802.  February  4.     The  relatives  of  Thos  Carter  permitted  to  make  a 
Brick  Grave  in  the  middle  Isle  of  the  Church  on  payment  of  £40. 

July  22.     Vote  of  Thanks  to  Mr  Powell  late  Churchwarden 
passed  at  last  Vestry  not  confirmed. 

1803.  April  14.     Gift  of  John  Smith,  Esq.  ordered  to  be  inserted  on  the 
Table  of  Benefactors  in  the  Church. 

October  27.  New  Lease  for  21  Years  to  Mr  Whittenbury  at 
£42  f  annum. 

1804.  April  5.     The  Beadle  Thos  Watkins  being  very  old  and  infirm  the 
Church  Warden  was  ordered  to  pay  him  10s.  6d.  ^  Week  during 
pleasure,  and  the  Vestry  adjourned  to  Thursday  next  the  12thinsfc 
to  choose  a  Beadle.     To  begin  at  One  and  finally  close  at  2  o'clk. 
the  same  day. 

April  12.  There  being  no  other  Candidate  John  Ward  was 
unanimously  elected  Beadle  of  this  parish. 

1805.  February  14.     It  was  prayed  by  Mr  Deputy  Greenaway  that  this 
Vestry  do  grant  him  an  extension  of  Seven  Years  in  addition  to 
the   term   in   the   lease   heretofore  granted  to  Mr  James  Stone 
deceased  which  expires  at  Midsummer  1823,  the  said   Thomas 
Greenaway  having  resided  therein  thirty  years  and  the  sole  pro- 
perty for  the  residue  of  the  present  term  being  vested  in  him. 
Agreed  to. 

April  19.  That  the  Salary  of  the  parish  Clerk  be  increased 
from  £25  to  £30  ^  Annum,  subject  to  the  same  restrictions  as  ^ 
order  of  Vestry  April  20,  1775. 

That  no  Corpse  be  in  future  buried  within  the  Walls  of  this 
Church,  unless  it  is  contained  in  a  leaden  Coffin. 

May  1 .  J.  G.  Saggers,  unanimously  chosen  Vestry  Clerk  in 
the  room  of  Mr  Abbiss  resigned. 

August  8.  The  thanks  of  the  Vestry  to  Mr  Abbiss  for  his 
faithful  discharge  of  the  duties  of  Vestry  Clerk  and  that  the  sum 
of  £20  be  presented  to  him  as  a  further  testimony  of  their  appro- 
bation. 

September  5.  That  the  assessment  of  the  Church  Rate  on  Mr 
Whitehead  the  Parish  Clerk  and  Mrs  Baylis  the  Sextoiiess  be  in 
future  discontinued  during  the  pleasure  of  this  Vestry. 

October  17.     The  office  of  Preacher  of  Sir  Martin  Lumley's 


Vestries,  A.D.  1806-7.  209 

lecture  having  become  vacant  and  110  appointment  having  been 
made,  the  Churchwarden  appointed  the  Revd  Mr  Blenkarne  the 
Yicar  to  assume  the  duties,  of  which  the  Vestry  approved. 

1806.  April  10.     Richard  James  had  leave  to   place  a  Tablet  to  the 
memory  of  his  two  children  in  the  void  of  the  Church  on  payment 
of  Three  Guineas. 

That  in  future  the  sum  of  Two  Guineas  be  allowed  for  the  ex- 
penses of  the  Supper  of  every  Vestry  of  this  parish. 

June  19.     Church  Rate  1*.  6d.  in  £. 

July  24.  That  the  Salary  of  the  Vestry  Clerk  be  in  future 
£30  ^  annum,  but  that  no  charge  shall  be  made  for  examination 
of  Paupers,  or  any  other  business  than  what  is  expressly  ordered 
by  the  Churchwarden  or  the  Vestry. 

1807.  April  30.     The  Revd  Mr  Cooke  having  purchased  the  Tithes  and 
made  demands  to  the  extent  of  '2s.  Qfl.  in  the  £,  a  Committee  ap- 
pointed to  examine  the  records,  &c.  of  the  parish  relative  to  the 
subject  and  to  take  such  legal    advice  &c.  as   they   shall  deem 
necessary. 

June  11.  The  Committee  having  an  interview  with  Mr  Cooke 
he  adverted  to  a  copy  of  a  decree  of  the  Court  of  Exchequer  made 
many  years  since,  and  which  he  requested  to  be  permitted  a  peru- 
sal thereof.  To  which  this  Vestry  resolved  That  his  request 
cannot  with  propriety  be  complied  with. 

July  1.  A  Committee  having  been  appointed  for  the  repairs 
of  the  Church  appointed  Mr  Chapman  their  surveyor  who  recom- 
mended that  the  several  repairs  should  be  done  by  contract  & 
stated  that  the  gross  amount  of  the  repairs  of  the  church,  the  out- 
side being  rough  cast  instead  of  cemented,  and  including  the 
enclosure  of  the  Organ  Loft,  would  be  £973. 

That  such  sums  of  money  as  should  be  necessary  in  addition  to 
the  Church  Rate  for  the  time  being,  to  defray  the  charges  of  the 
aforesaid  repairs,  should  be  raised  by  loan  of  the  Inhabitants  in 
shares  of  £50  each,  to  be  repaid  from  monies  from  time  to  time 
accruing  in  the  hands  of  the  Churchwardens  with  interest  at  5 
^  Cfc  per  ann.  the  priority  of  payment  to  be  ascertained  by  lot. 

The  opinion  of  Mr  Chitty  an  eminent  special  pleader  as  to  the 
right  of  assessing  houses  which  have  been  subdivided  and  inhabited 
by  different  families  which  becoming  thereby  several  tenements 
were  so  rateable  whilst  so  inhabited. 

p 


210  Vestries,  A.D.  1807. 

1807.  July  16.  Letter  from  the  Impropriator  Revd  Mr  Cooke  in 
consequence  of  his  not  having  been  applied  to  respecting  the  re- 
pairs of  the  Church^  denying  the  right  of  the  parish  to  interfere 
with  the  Chancel  for  repairs  &c.  without  his  previous  consent  and 
approbation,  it  being  his  personal  freehold. 

October  15.  Opinion  of  Sir  Thos  Plumer  Solicitor  General  on 
a  case  submitted  to  him  respecting  the  Tithes  of  this  parish. 

The  Impropriator  has  the  same  right  as  an  Ecclesiastical  Rector, 
and  will  be  entitled  under  the  statute  of  Henry  8th  and  the 
decree*  therein  referred  to,  to  the  sum  of  2s.  $d.  in  the  £  upon 
the  rent  of  all  Houses  &c.  in  the  parish,  unless  the  parish  can 
protect  themselves  under  the  17th  Article  of  the  decree  by  shewing 
that  at  and  prior  to  the  37th  Hen.  VIII.  a  less  Sum  had  been  ac- 
customed to  be  paid  for  Tithes.  The  circumstances  disclosed  in 
this  case,  afford  ground  to  contend  that  this  was  the  case  in  re- 
spect to  the  ancient  Houses  in  the  parish,  not  including  Crosby 
Square.  The  occupiers  of  these  Houses  should  insist  upon  the 
unchangeable  validity  of  these  accustomed  payments  in  lieu  of 
tithes,  and  should  offer  to  continue  to  render  them.  If  refused, 
they  can  only  stand  on  the  defensive  and  resist  any  suit  that  may 
be  instituted  against  them  upon  this  ground.  In  their  answer 
they  should  rely  on  this  defence  and  set  forth  the  proceedings  in 
the  suit  referred  to,  for  discovering  which  every  search  should  be 
made.  They  should  also  state  the  further  documents  in  support 
of  their  claim,  some  of  which  I  think  may  be  received  in  evidence, 
and  all  of  which  should  be  offered. 

The  case  and  the  Solicitor  General's  opinion  were  afterwards 
laid  before  Mr  Chitty  to  point  out  cases  relevant  to  the  Solicitor 
General's  opinion. 

The  case  of  Bennett  v  Trespass  reported  in  2  Gwyllim  on 
Tithes  633,  and  2  Browns  Parl.  Cas.  437,  appears  to  me  very  favo- 
rable to  the  parishioners  of  the  parish  of  S*  Helen.  In  that  case 
on  a  Bill  brought  for  tithes  of  houses  in  London  after  the  rate  of 
2$.  9d.  in  the  twenty  shillings  rent  the  Court  of  Exchequer  directed 
an  issue  to  try  whether  any  less  sum  or  sums  of  money  than  such 
customary  payment  set  up  by  the  defendants  had  ever  been  paid. 


*  Exchequer,  Feb.  9,  1662.     Langham  v.  Lawrence  and  others.     St. 
Helen's  Tithes. 


Vestries,  A.D.  1808.  211 

and  that  too,  though  there  was  no  proof  of  any  regular  Modus, 
and  tho'  the  payments  of  the  annual  sums  for  tithes  appeared  to 
have  varied,  yet  the  Court  of  Exchequer  considered  the  payments 
of  less  than  '2s.  9d.  in  the  pound  though  not  proved  to  have  been 
made  for  8  years  before  the  passing  of  the  Act  as  sufficient  evidence 
of  accustomed  payments  within  the  meaning  of  the  18th  See11. 
The  decree  alluded  to,  if  it  can  be  established  in  evidence  will  be 
conclusive, — See  the  observations  in  2  Gwyllim  641,  and  I  appre- 
hend that  by  minute  search  in  the  Court  of  Exchequer  the  Origi- 
nal decree  may  be  obtained,  but  if  not,  I  think  the  evidence 
referred  to  in  the  case  will  suffice.  It  does  not  appear  to  me  that 
any  step  is  necessary  to  be  taken  by  the  parishioners,  excepting 
that  they  should  respectively  tender  the  sums  which  they  insist 
they  are  liable  to  pay,  immediately  after  the  days  of  payment.  I 
apprehend  the  tithe  at  the  rate  of  2s.  $d.  in  the  pound  upon  the 
improved  rent  is  payable  by  the  occupiers  of  all  houses  newly 
erected.  Gwyllim  505-1426  =  1314.  The  Court  of  Chancery 
and  the  Court  of  Exchequer  have  jurisdiction  immediately  over  the 
subject  of  Tithes  in  London. 

The  Committee  seeing  the  necessity  of  establishing  the  present 
payments  as  ancient  ones  went  round  the  parish  to  collect  the 
sums  correctly  then  paid  in  order  to  assimilate  to  the  ancient  pay- 
ments. Mr  Cooke  having  summoned  several  Inhabitants  before 
the  Lord  Mayor  on  the  2d  September  the  Committee  employed 
Counsel  to  attend,  who  insisted  that  the  accustomed  duties  had 
never  been  denied  as  Mr  Cooke  himself  admitted.  The  complaint 
was  dismissed  with  Costs  and  the  5th  Septr  was  fixed  for  hearing 
any  further  Complaint,  that  thereupon  Mr  Cooke  served  summonses 
on  several  inhabitants  to  answer  on  that  day  why  they  refused  to 
pay  the  tithes,  and  on  hearing  Mr.  Cooke  and  the  Counsel  for  the 
respondents,  his  Lordship  thought  proper  to  declare  it  was  a 
matter  more  fit  for  the  decision  of  the  Lord  Chancellor  and  declined 
to  give  any  judgment  thereon. 
1808.  April  21.  John  Williams,  Elected  Sidesman. 

May  10.  That  in  future  the  fine  for  Sidesman  be  increased  to 
Five  Pounds. 

July  1.  Vestry's  held  in  the  room  of  the  Leather  Sellers 
Company  in  St.  Helen's  Place,  the  Vestry  Boom  being  under 
repair. 

p  2 


212  Vestries,  A.D.  1809. 

1809.  February  9.  That  in  consideration  of  the  great  inconvenience 
arising  from  Pryor's  Bequest  commonly  called  the  Oyster  Feast 
being  kept  as  a  Supper,  the  inhabitants  shall  instead  thereof  in 
future  dine  together  on  the  first  clear  Thursday  in  Lent,  the 
Under  Churchwarden  and  each  Gentleman  attending  to  pay  5s. 
and  the  Bill  to  be  called  at  9  o'Clk  in  the  Evening,  and  that  the 
Vicar  and  Organists  be  the  only  non-residents  invited. 

April  27.  That  a  Vestry  be  held  on  Friday  May  12th  at  4 
o'Clk  precisely  in  the  afternoon  for  the  choice  of  an  Organist  for 
the  remainder  of  the  year  (in  the  room  of  Mr  George  Griffin 
deceased)  by  ballot  to  commence  at  the  time  above  mentioned  and 
close  at  6  precisely,  That  the  Upper  Churchwarden  have  the  casting 
vote  if  necessary.  That  the  several  Candidates  do  declare  them- 
selves such  on  or  before  Saturday  the  6th  May  and  be  permitted 
to  play  probationary  tunes  a  quarter  of  an  hour  each  on  Wednesday 
the  10th  May  to  commence  at  4  o'Clk  precisely  in  the  afternoon. 

May  12.  Election.     Master  Cutler*      ....     36 

Miss  Rodd 29 

Miss  Naish  .,  .  1 

Whereupon  Master  Cutler  was  declared  duly  elected. 


*  "  William  Henry  Cutler,  Mus.  Bac.  Oxon.,  was  born  in  the  year  1792,  of 
respectable  parents,  in  the  City  of  London.  Shortly  after  the  birth  of  this 
their  second  child,  the  father  obtained  a  spinet  at  a  sort  of  lottery  sweep- 
stake, and  after  the  business  of  the  day  was  over  would  frequently  strum  to 
his  two  little  boys  on  this  instrument.  He  had  then,  however,  very  little 
knowledge  of  music ;  but,  possessing  industry  and  perseverance,  overcame 
every  difficulty  in  the  science,  so  as  to  enable  him  to  superintend  his  second 
son  through  all  his  subsequent  exertions  in  practice.  A  friend  relates  that, 
one  time  when  he  entered  the  father's  parlour,  he  saw  him  with  this  little 
boy  on  his  lap,  teaching  him  his  notes  ;  at  another  time,  the  same  friend  has 
seen  father  and  son  on  the  carpet  playing  with  pieces  of  card,  on  which  the 
notes  of  music  and  their  names  and  lines,  &c.  appeared,  corresponding  with 
papers  pasted  on  the  keys  of  the  spinet.  At  that  time  the  child  could  not 
have  been  much  above  two  years  of  age,  certainly  not  three  years  old.  His 
father,  conceiving  that  the  boy  had  a  taste  for  music,  next  engaged  a  master 
to  teach  him  the  violin,  when  he  improved  so  rapidly  as  to  play  a  concerto 
of  Jarnowich  before  he  was  five  years  old.  He  performed  on  the  little  Amati 
violin,  which  was  once  Dr.  Crotch's,  and  which  his  father  bought  of  the  late 
Mr.  Betts.  Still,  however,  the  spinet  appeared  to  be  the  child's  favourite,  and 
J.  H.  Little  was  for  some  time  his  instructor  on  that  instrument,  which  was 
at  length  changed  for  a  pianoforte,  G.  E.  Griffin  being  engaged  as  the  boy's 
master.  About  the  year  1799,  the  child  had  lessons  of  singing  and  thorough- 


Vestries,  A.D.  1809.  213 

That  the  sum  of  £5  5*.  Qd.  be  presented  by  this  Vestry  to 
Miss  Rodd. 

That  the  salary  of  the  Organist  for  the  remainder  of  the  year 
be  at  the  rate  of  Twenty  Guineas  ^  ann. 

That   Mr  England   be  appointed  to  tune  the  Organ  for  the 
remainder  of  the  year  at  a  salary  of  Six  Guineas  ^  Annum. 
1809.  July  13.   Application  having   been   made   on   behalf  of  Mr.  W. 


bass  from  Dr.  Arnold,  who  expressed  his  approbation  of  his  talent  by  re- 
peated gifts  of  small  silver  two-penny  and  three-penny  pieces.  Shortly 
after  this,  he  played  a  concerto  of  Yiotti  on  the  pianoforte,  at  the  Haymarket 
theatre,  for  the  Choral  Fund  Concert,  and  received  universal  applause  :  he 
lias  played  concertos,  &c.  several  times  since  for  the  same  fund.  He  sang 
also  at  the  oratorios  under  Dr.  Arnold. 

"  In  1801,  when  Dr.  Busby  took  his  degree  of  doctor  of  music,  young  Cutler 
went  to  Cambridge  to  sing  the  principal  airs  in  that  exercise ;  and  under 
this  gentleman  he  would  have  been  placed,  but  his  father  objected  to  his 
being  other  than  a  concert-singer,  while  the  doctor  wished  him  to  be  brought 
out  in  theatrical  performances.  In  1803,  he  was  placed  in  the  choir  of  St. 
Paul's.  He  sang  also  at  Harrison's  concerts,  the  concerts  of  ancient  music, 
the  glee  club,  (generally)  Wykhamists,  &c.  &c.,  and  private  concerts.  Pre- 
viously to  this,  he  had  also  appeared  before  the  public  as  a  composer,  his 
first  publication  being  a  march  for  the  full  baud  of  the  sixth  regiment  of 
Loyal  London  volunteers,  in  the  rifle  company  of  which  regiment  his  father 
was  an  officer.  Soon  after  this,  he  sang  in  the  solemn  services,  dirge,  &c. 
of  three  of  the  greatest  men  of  the  day,  being  summoned  to  attend  the 
funerals  of  Jjord  Nelson  and  Messrs.  Pitt  and  Fox.  After  leaving  the  choir 
of  St.  Paul's,  he  was  placed  under  the  instruction  of  the  late  W.  Russell, 
Mus.  Bac.  Oxon.,  for  the  theory  of  music,  and  was,  in  J.818,  elected  organist 
of  St.  Helen's,  Bishopsgate ;  he  also  taught  in  several  private  families.  In 
the  year  1812,  he  took  his  bachelor's  degree  at  Oxford,  highly  complimented 
by  letter  from  the  professor  of  that  university  [Dr.  Crotch].  In  1818,  when 
Logier  came  to  England  from  Dublin,  W.  H.  Cutler,  influenced  by  Kalk- 
brenner's  advertisement,  applied  to  Logier  and  paid  one  hundred  guineas  to 
learn  his  system.  He  then  took  a  house  in  Broad-street-buildings,  and 
opened  an  academy  on  the  Logierian  plan  ;  but,  after  between  two  and  three 
years'  trial,  finding  it  not  advantageous  to  keep  up  the  requisite  establish- 
ment, he  relinquished  that  house,  though  he  still  teaches  the  theory  of 
music  according  to  Logier's  system.  In  1821,  Cutler  was  engaged  to  sing  at 
the  oratorios  at  Drury-lane,  under  the  direction  of  Sir  George  Smart ;  but 
want  of  nerve  prevented  his  giving  full  power  to  his  voice,  and  determined 
him  to  relinquish  altogether  singing  in  public.  In  1825,  a  part  of  the  exer- 
cise for  his  bachelor's  degree  was  performed  at  the  oratorios  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Bochsa.  He  has  lately  resigned  the  situation  of  organist  of  St. 
Helen's,  and  been  appointed  organist  of  Quebec  Chapel,  Portman-square." 
— See  "  Dictionary  of  Musicians,"  vol.  i.  pp.  195-6.  Ed.  London,  1827.  No 
record  of  W.  H.  Cutler's  death  has  been  discovered. 


214  Vestries,  A.D.  1809-10. 

Gosling  on  the  death  of  his  Wife  for  the  purchase  of  a  Vault  in 
the  void  of  the  Church  immediately  behind  the  pew  of  the  Church- 
wardens for  himself  and  family  and  that  in  consequence  the 
Churchwardens  had  agreed  to  sell  the  same  to  him  for  the  sum  of 
Fifty  Guineas  which  sum  had  been  received  by  them.  This 
Vestry  approved  thereof  and  confirmed  the  Contract. 

1809.  October  12.     A  List  of  the  persons  who  made  advances  by  way 
of  Loan  of  £50  each  towards  defraying  the  expense  of  the  repairs 
amounting  to  £1200. 

Application  having  been  made  on  behalf  of  the  family  of  the 
late  Mr.  Morgan  for  the  purchase  of  a  Vault  in  the  void  of  the 
Church  near  the  small  tomb  of  Robinson,  the  Churchwardens 
agreed  to  sell  the  same  for  Eighty  Guineas. 

Application  having  been  made  on  behalf  of  the  family  of  the 
late  Mr.  Galindo  for  the  purchase  of  a  Vault  opposite  the  Vestry 
door  marked  on  the  keystone  with  the  letter  E.  The  Church- 
wardens agreed  to  sell  the  same  for  One  Hundred  Pounds. 

This  Vestry  approved  and  confirmed  the  said  Contracts  and 
gave  leave  to  lay  a  flat  stone  respectively  with  inscriptions  thereon 
and  also  over  the  Vault  lately  sold  to  Mr.  Gosling. 

That  the  two  Guineas  allowed  for  a  Vestry  Supper  be  retained 
in  the  hands  of  the  Churchwarden  and  expended  during  the  summer 
in  a  dinner,  in  lieu  of  Suppers  to  those  Gentlemen  who  attend 
their  duties  in  the  Vestry  four  times  in  the  Year. 

The  Committee  to  whom  it  had  been  referred  to  consider  of 
the  propriety  of  increasing  the  Fees  for  Christenings,  Marriages, 
and  Burials,  and  making  arrangements  with  respect  to  future 
interments  in  the  Church  reported  that  on  due  deliberation  and 
having  consulted  Ecclesiastical  Authorities,  they  were  of  opinion 
that  any  alteration  should  for  the  present  be  deferred. 

1810.  January  25. 

Ordinary  repairs  of  the  Church  amounted 

to  the  sum  of 2552  1  9 

Surveyor's  Commission  and  extraordinary 

expenses 392  15  6 

2944  17     3 
Of  which  had  been  paid  in  part  ....     2352  16     6 


Balance  592     0     9 


Vestries,  A.D.  1810.  215 

It  was  the  opinion  of  the  Committee  for  repairs  that  the  sum 
of  £500  would  be  sufficient  to  enable  the  Churchwarden  to  defray 
such  balance,  and  it  would  be  advisable  to  raise  the  same  in  the 
manner  the  £1200  had  already  been  raised.  Agreed  to. 

That  the  expenses  of  the  Committee  during  the  said  repairs  be 
allowed  by  the  Auditors  not  exceeding  £20. 

1810.  April  26.  That  the  Sacramental  Plate  be  insured  by  the 
Churchwardens  to  the  amount  of  Two  Hundred  Pounds  in  the 
Eagle  Insurance  Office  as  doubly  hazardous. 

That  the  Churchwardens  do  in  future  provide  and  deliver  to 
the  inhabitants,  receipts,  on  payment  of  the  Church  and  Poor 
Rates,  respectively. 

May  2.  That  the  names  of  the  several  Inhabitants  be  fairly 
transcribed  in  the  Register  Book  of  Parishioners  with  the  period 
of  their  becoming  resident,  and  that  the  Book  be  laid  on  the  Table 
every  Vestry. 

Eleven  Gentlemen  fined  for  Sidesmen. 

June  28.  That  the  Under  Churchwarden  for  the  time  being  do 
pay  the  Revd  Jas  Blerikarne  the  sum  of  Ten  Pounds  in  the  month 
of  July  next  in  addition  to  the  £7  0  heretofore  granted  making  £80 
and  the  like  sum  of  £80  in  the  month  of  July  in  every  succeeding 
Year  during  the  pleasure  of  this  Vestry. 

The  names  of  those  who  subscribed  the  add1  £500. 

Particulars  of  repairs,  &c. 

On  the  North  side  (External)  a  number  of  Stone  Steps  were 
discovered  leading  as  supposed  from  the  ancient  convent  into  the 
Church,  the  roof  was  incrusted  with  Smoke,  the  Steps  much  worn 
and  the  Wall  above  extremely  decayed,  the  whole  was  fitted  up 
firm  with  Stone  and  brick. 

Interior. 

In  stripping  the  South  Side  behind  the  Table  of  Benefactions 
a  large  Pointed  Window  was  discovered  completely  glazed  but 
stopt  up  by  the  Wall  of  the  House  immediately  behind. — This 
Window  was  filled  up  with  brickwork,  and  also  another  found  on 
the  west  side  from  which  the  Glass  had  been  removed. 

A  large  screen  of  timber  covered  with  Stucco  was  erected  to 
the  ceiling  of  the  Church  and  completely  surrounded  the  external 
of  the  Organ  loft. 

The  pews  were  all  taken  down  and  erected  on  a  complete  new 


216 


Vestries,  A.D.  1810-11. 


flooring  on  oak  joists  supported  by  brickwork  and  made  single 
that  all  the  congregation  might  turn  towards  the  Minister,  whose 
desk  and  that  of  the  Clerk  were  removed  and  a  new  one  erected  on 
a  more  elevated  plan.  The  pulpit  also  completely  repaired  and  the 
sounding  Board  removed. 

The  whole  pavement  of  the  Church  was  taken  up  and  laid 
about  4  inches  higher  than  before. 

Crosby's  .  .  .  Gresham's  .  .  .  and  I  suppose  Pickering's  Vault, 
as  it  is  not  mentioned,  were  not  opened. 

In  Spencer's  his  Coffin  was  discovered. 


List  of  Bills  for  Repairs. 


Tyson  &  Co.,  Slaters 
Evans  &  Co.,  Ironmongers 
Dempsey  &  Co.,  Iron  pipes 
A.  Koskell,  Plumber 
T.  Clarke,  Plasterer 
T.  Knight,  Bricklayer 
W.  Roper,  Carpenter 
J.  Richards,  Mason 
Halsey,  Painter.     . 
Stewardson,  Glazier 
Clarke,  Smith     .     . 
England,  Organ  Builder 


. 

2 

6 

6 

gers 

10 

4 

0 

ipes 

44 

6 

0 

72 

9 

0 

464 

13 

6 

" 

311 

4 

2 

818 

4 

7 

296 

12 

6 

245 

11 

1 

68 

7 

4 

230 

2 

9 

ier 

66 

10 

0 

Ashton,  Stationer.  . 
Catherwood,  Brazier. 
Heriot,  do. 

Cooper,  Upholsterer. 
Philp,  do. 

Chapman,  Surveyor  . 
Hayes,  Oil  Cloth  .  . 
Tinkler,  Hassocks  . 
Varty,  Linen  .  .  . 
Abbiss,  Silversmith  . 
Shepherd,  Box  Maker 
Saggers,  Vestry  Clk. 
°/a  Contracts  .  .• 


27 

5 

0 

9 

14 

10 

32 

15 

7 

96 

9 

2 

65 

5 

6 

144 

17 

6 

3 

17 

6 

2 

15 

0 

5 

4 

0 

9 

5 

6 

2 

1 

6 

18 

17 

8 

That  the  Salary  of  Mr  Cutler  the  Organist  be  increased  to  £25 
^  annm,  and  that  the  Salary  of  Mrs  Baylis  be  increased  from  £18 
to  £23  ^  annum. 

1810.  July  12.     That  the  Salary  -of  the  Beadle  be   increased  to   £10 
^  annum. 

1811.  January  31.     Propositions  from  Revd  Mr  Cooke  Impropriator. 

That  in  consideration  of  all  Arrears  being  paid  up  to  Mid- 
summer 1810,  except  in  S1  Helen's  Place  where  the  new  rate 
takes  place  from  the  commencement  of  the  occupation  of  each  new 
house,  and  of  an  annual  rent  of  £560  to  be  divided  between  the 
Rector  and  Vicar  and  to  be  made  perpetual  as  the  Rector  and 
Committee  shall  determine,  the  Tithes  be  indefinitely  leased  to 
Trustees  for  the  use  of  the  parishioners  at  their  expense. 

That  if  this  be  unanimously  assented  to,  A  piece  of  Plate  not 
exceeding  the  value  of  £10  be  given  as  a  friendly  present  on  each 
side. 

That  Crosby  Square  be  not  included  in  this  arrangement,  but 
be  allowed  to  accede  to  it,  on  contributing  a  proportionate  share 
of  annuity. 


Vestries,  A.D.  1811.  217 

That  if  no  general  agreement  could  be  effected  Mr  Cooke  was 
ready  to  treat  with  any  individual  for  his  own  Tithes. 

Application  having  been  made  on  behalf  of  Thos  Trundle  Esq. 
for  the  purchase  of  Bond's  Vault,  the  Church  Warden  had  agreed 
to  sell  it  for  £94  10s.,  which  this  Vestry  approved  and  confirmed. 
1811.  March  6.  Report  of  Committee  on  Tithes  with  Sir  Thomas 
Plumer' s  further  opinion  on  Case  and  questions  submitted  to  him. 
That  the  inhabitants  of  S*  Helen's  Place  could  not  defend  them- 
selves against  the  claim  of  2s.  9d.  in  the  £. 

That  the  inhabitants  of  a  house  built  upon  and  within  the  limits 
of  an  old  site  or  sites  will  be  protected  by  proving  the  customary 
payment  in  respect  of  such  site  or  sites,  or  the  building  lately 
standing  thereon. 

That  in  cases  of  customary  payment  there  is  no  fixed  period  of 
time.  Such  a  continued  usage  must  be  proved  as  tends  to  esta- 
blish the  fact  that  the  payment  contended  for  was  a  customary 
payment  at  the  time  of  the  Statute  and  decree. 

That  in  case  the  original  decree  cannot  be  found  the  copy 
thereof  which  appears  in  the  very  old  parish  Book  will  not  be 
admitted  as  evidence. 

That  if  it  should  appear  that  any  of  the  customary  payments 
although  uniformly  made  for  a  number  of  years  last  past,  yet 
differ  from  those  stated  in  the  old  Lists  of  Documents,  I  think  it 
very  doubtful  whether  the  variance  between  the  old  list  and  the 
practice  in  this  case,  will  not  be  fatal  to  the  plea  of  a  fixed  custo- 
mary payment.  The  settled  usage  however  would  I  should  think 
be  more  likely  to  prevail  than  the  old  list  without  any  usage  in 
favor  of  it. 

The  Committee  conceive  that  such  inhabitants  as  can  prove  an 
ancient  payment  for  the  premises  they  respectively  occupy,  and 
more  particularly  if  such  inhabitants  identifying  their  premises, 
can  shew  such  premises  to  correspond  with  the  ancient  Tithe  Lists 
or  Tables,  will  be  a  good  answer  to  Mr  Cooke' s  claim. 

March  14.  On  the  recommendation  of  a  Committee  who  had 
conferred  with  Mr  Cooke  it  was  moved, 

That  the  sum  of  £500  f  ann.  be  paid  to  Mr  Cooke  the  Impro- 
priator  and  £60  ^  ann.  to  the  Vicar  in  lieu  of  all  tithes,  oblations, 
offerings,  and  payments  heretofore  paid,  such  sums  to  be  raised  by 
an  equal  pound  rate  on  the  Inhabitants  of  this  parish  (except  the 


218          „  Vestries,  A.D.  1811-12. 

East  India  Company's  Warehouses  and  Crosby  Square)  the 
amount  to  be  regulated  by  the  Assessment  to  the  Property  Tax 
Letter  A,  and  that  the  said  sums  be  legally  and  effectually  secured 
without  delay  (at  the  expense  of  the  parish)  to  the  Impropriator 
and  Vicar  by  equal  quarterly  payments,  and  that  this  motion  be 
not  put  in  the  usual  way  by  shew  of  hands,  but  that  declarations 
of  Assent  and  Dissent  lay  in  the  Vestry  for  the  subscription  of  in- 
dividual inhabitants  To-morrow  and  Saturday. 

1811.  April  18.     The    declaration    of    Assent   was   signed   by   Thirty 
Three  Inhabitants  (Fifteen  of  whom  residing  in  S1  Helens  Place) 
and  of  Dissent  by  Thirteen. 

July  17.  Population  of  the  Parish. 

Families.     Males.     Females.     Total.     Inhabited  Houses. 
130    ...    295    ...    357    ...    652        ...        115 

1812.  January  30.     That  in  future  no  Churchwarden  of  this  parish  shall 
grant  the  privilege  to  any  individual  (parishioner  or  not)  to  erect 
a  Tomb  over  a  Vault,  affix  a  Tablet  in  or  on  the  Walls  of  the 
Church,   or  lay  a  flat  stone  over  any  grave  in  the  Church  or 
Church  Yard  with  any  inscription  on  it,  without  first  receiving 
the  sanction  of  this  Vestry. 

That  this  Vestry  recommend  to  the  Church  Wardens  to  take 
an  early  opportunity  of  informing  the  friends  of  Pitts 

lately  interred,  That  the  leave  given  to  them  by  the  Church- 
wardens to  lay  down  a  flat  stone  with  an  inscription  thereon 
cannot  be  acceded  to  or  confirmed  by  this  Vestry. 

April  2.     Mr  Churchwarden  Whittenbury  become  Insolvent. 

That  the  Overseers  should  once  in  every  quarter  visit  the  poor 
in  the  Workhouse. 

Application  for  the  purchase  of  a  Vault  on  behalf  of  Mr. 
Burrows.  Negociation  left  to  the  discretion  of  the  Church  Wardens 
and  three  others. 

April  21.  Mr.  Rawson  had  leave  given  to  put  up  a  Marble 
Tablet  2*  feet  6  in.  by  1  ft.  10  in.  on  payment  of  £50. 

June  15.  £311  3*.  Yd.  due  from  Mr.  Whittenbury's  Estate 
which  was  paid  by  his  assignees  in  consideration  of  a  lease  of  the 
house  being  granted  to  them  or  their  nominee  Mr.  Arman  who 
wished  the  lease  to  be  extended  to  21  Years  and  offering  £50 
3p  Annum,  on  which  the  parish  had  the  opinion  of  a  Surveyor 


Extracts  from  Church  hardens  Accounts.*         219 

and  agreed  to  grant  the  lease  at  £55  ^  Annum.     The  Assignees 

having  paid  for  the  use  of  the  parish  £390. 

August  13.     Five    Guineas   to    be    paid  to  Mr   Abbiss  for    his 

Services  in  collecting  Poors  Rate  &c.  since  Mr.  Whittenbury's 

stoppage. 

That  Twenty  Guineas  be  presented  to  Mr  Saggers  the  Vestry 
"Clerk  for  his  great  attention  and  care  in  the  late  proceedings 
relative  to  the  premises  occupied  by  Whittenbury. 

August  20.  Election  for  Sextoness  in  the  room  of  Mra  Baylis 
deceased. 

For  Elizh  Bradley 41 

Mary  Wright 15 

Rebecca  Harvey 2 

Whereupon  Mrs.  Bradley  was  declared  duly  elected,  and  the  Sum 
of  Two  Guineas  ordered  to  be  presented  to  each  of  the  unsuccessful 
Candidates  to  pay  her  expenses  on  the  present  occasion. 

October  1.  That  the  Under  Churchwarden  do  provide  a 
curtain  for  the  Vestry  Window. 


Extracts  from  Church  Wardens'  Accounts. 

1563.  Collections  made  in  the  Parish  towards  the  relief 
and  succour  of  the  poor  harboured  iu  the  Hos- 
pitals, £2  lls.  Od.  out  of  the  Collection  allowed 
to  the  Parish  for  their  poor.  This  was  continued 
every  Year  till  1571  and  again  iu  1584.     The 
first  collection  was  £13  8*.  4e?. 

1565.  Sexton's  Wages 

Keeping  of  the  Clock  for  a  hole  year     . 

1564.  March  21.     Paid  Mr.  Colshill  for  the  charge 
of  the  Lease  of  this  parsonage  as  appereth  by 
his  acquittance  and  according  to  an  order  taken 

in  Vestry 20 

To  Father  Howe  for  his  fee  for  the   Organs 
for  a  hole  year 

1566.  German  Cioll.  1567.  Thomas  Colshill,  Church 
Wardens. 

Paid  to   Underwood  the   Clerk  for  his   hole 

year's  wages 

1569.  Paid  ffetler  the  Carpenter  for  layeing  the  great 
beame  in  the  west  ende  of  the  roofe  of  the 
Church,  and  for  ij.  new  pieces  of  timber  on 
the  syde  wall  and  for  removing  the  hole 
steeple  to  the  corner  of  the  Church  ....  6  I  6 


220        ^  Extracts  from  Church  Wardens'  Accounts. 


Mem.  That  the  xxiii.  daye  of  December  1570.  By 
appointment  of  the  parishioners  of  this  parish, 
the  Chalice  that  lately  appertayned  to  this 
parish,  wayinge  24J  oz.  which  was  sold  for 
5s.  4c?.  the  oz.  is  now  newly  and  altered 

into  a  newe  Communion  Cuppe  of  solid  and 
gilt,  which  with  the  Cover,  wayeth  xx.  oz.  and 
a  little  more  which  with  the  6s.  Sd.  per  oz. 
And  as  there  is  more  layde  out  than  the 
Chalice  came  to  by  3s.  4d.  which  is  paid  by 
Peter  Dod,  Churchwarden. 

1571.  William  Kerwin,  Church  Warden. 

1575 .*  Eeceived  of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  Knight,  for 
his  ly cense  to  eat  flesh,  and  put  into  the  Poor 
Men's  Box  according  to  the  statute 

1580.  Paid  Mr.  Gardener  for  the  Lector    ....      12        0 

1581.  Paid  to  Mr.  Gardner  and  to  the  parson  of  St. 
Ethelborowe's  parish  for  redding  the  Lector 

for  one  hole  year 12 

1582.  Candles  for  the  Lector 

1584.  Eeceived  towards  Charge  of  the  Lector,  as 
appeareth   by   the   booke    appynted    for   the 
same 

1585.  Paid  to  Mr.  Curtis  for  one  Quarter  for  reading 

of  the  Lector 3 

Pain  to  Mr.  Lewys  for  three  Quarters  ...        9 

1586.  Laid  out  for  Barber's  sonne  by  consent  of 
divers  of  the  parish,  for  a  Dublett,  a  "pair  of 
Stockinge,  a  pair  of  Shoes,  &  a  Cap  .... 
Itm.  More  paid  for  the  keping  of  the  said 
boye   unto    one   Girton    his  Nourse  for  one 
month    after    he    first    brought    him    to    the 

parish 

Itm.  Paid  more  for  the  keping  of  the  said 
boye  unto    Widow  Robinson  for  his    meate, 
drink  and  lodging  being  sick  the  space  of  36 

daies 12 

Ttm.  More  given  unto  the  said  boye  when  he 
went  to  my  Lady  Gresham's.  A  new  shirt 
and  his  showes  mended 

1587.  Proceedings  commenced  respecting  Lease. 
1589.  Paid  for  Petition  to  the  Lord  Treasurer  about 

the  parsonage 


*  "  1550-1.  The  ix  day  of  Marche  was  a  proclamasyon  that  no  man  or 
woman  shuld  nott  ett  no  flesse  in  lent,  nor  fryday  nor  Wednesday  thrught 
the  yere,  nor  ymberying  days,  nor  no  days,  nor  no  days  that  ys  condemned 
by  the  chyrche  up  one  payne  of  forfyte." — "  Diary  of  Henry  Machyn,"  p.  4. 
Ed.  Camden  Society,  Lond.  1848. 


Extracts  from  Church  Wardens'  Accounts.  221 


1589.  Paid  to  a  Pursuivant  at  Sir  Walter  Mildmey's 

that  took  paynes  about  our  lease       ....  26 

Paid  to  Mr.  Yagan  for  his  dutys  for  the  U  ase 

of  the  parsonage 3         7 

PaidMr. Lewis, Minister  fortherentof  his  house        200 

Paid  Mr.  Lewis  for  his  half  year's  farme  due 

at  our  Ladyday 10        0        0 

1590.  Lecture  only  Six  Mouths 5        0        0 

The  charge  of  £20  for  the  Vicar,  bringing 
the  parish  in  debt. 

1591.  Lecture  only  three  months 2      10        0 

1592.  Lecture  the  whole  year 

1591-2.    Two  Accounts  of  Under  Church 
Warden. 
Paid  for  fittinge  out  of  Soldyers  as  apeareth  3        2      10 

1594.  Received  for  4  Grave  Stones  sold  by  consent  .826 

1595.  First  Account  of  Money  for  Poor.  In  the  Poor 

Men's  Box 1      10        0 

1598.*  Itm.  To  the  Soldier  in  his  purse  whom  the 

parish  sent  out 3        0 

1600.  First  Collection  for  Tythes. 

Itm.  he   chargeth  himself  with  the    some  of 

£14  15s.  Qd 14      15        6 

Gathered  for  Tythes  for  half  a  yeare  ending  at 

the  feast  of  Sfc  Michael  the  Archangel  last  past 

as  by  the  particulars  appeareth. 

Paid  Mr.  Oliver  for  serving  the  cure  one  Qr    .        5        0        0 

Paid  to  Mr.  Stanhope  for  half  a  yeares  farme 

ending  at  Mich  last 4.8        0 

1601.  Tythes 30        8        0 

1603.  Item  to  a  preacher  when  Mr.  Lewis  was  in  prison  5        0 

Item    given    to    Mr.   Morley  when   preached 

Mr.  Lewis  being  suspended 3        6 

Item  for  our  hot  hire  to  Fulham,  from  thence 
to  Braynford  and  back  again  for  the  procuring 
Mr.  Ball  to  be  our  Minister 12  0 

Church  Wardens  chosen  at  Michaelmas  till  after 
1603,  when  the  same  Wardens  served  until  1605. 

Lecture  discontinued. 

1607.  Item  to  Sir  John  Spencer  Knight,  or  his  farm 

rent  for  a  Tere 8      16        1 

1609.  Item  for  vi.  gallons  and  iii.  quarts  of  Clarett 
Wyne  at  ijs  &  iiijd  the  gallon  and  ijs  the 
rondlett 16  9 

*  "In  an  Assessment  Eoll  for  levying  Subsidies  dated  Oct.  1st,  40th 
Elizabeth,  1598,  the  name  of  William  Shakspeare  occurs  in  connexion  with 
that  of  Sir  John  Spencer  and  other  inhabitants  of  the  Parish  of  St.  Helens 
with  the  sum  of  5L  13s.  Ad.,  the  Assessment  against  the  Poet's  name ;  arising 
it  is  said  from  the  Bull  Inn."— Timbs'  "  Curiosities  of  London,"  pp.  238-9. 


222  Extracts  from  Church  Wardens'  Accounts. 


Imprimis.  Given  to  the  Poor  3  April  1613,  being 
Easter  Eve  as  by  the  books  appeareth  . 
Item,  disbursed  for  the  poor  Children  accor- 
ding to  an  order  agreed  uppon  at  a  Vestry 
,  which  is  added  to  my  former  accompt 
£3  19s.  4c? Sum  total 

1614.  Itm  p Balance 

1614.  Itm  for  the  guift  of  Mr.  Edward  Bryerwood, 
Header  of  the  Astronomy  Lecture  in  Gresham 

Howse 

Itm  of  Mrs.  Olyver  for  her  husband's  guift  to 
our  Poor    

1616.  Itm  for  a  runlett  of  Canary  Wyne  presented 
unto  my  Lord  Bishop  of  Worster,  and  for  the 
runlett  and  carriage 

Countess  of  Pembroke  lived  here. 

1620.  Itm  for  vi  dozen  of  points  to    give  to    the 

children 

Allowed  for  the  Audit  dinner 

1622.  Lecture  \  but     no    charge    except    for 

No  Collection  j      Clerk  13s  4d.  Sexton  6s.  8d. 

1624.  Item  for  opening  the  grounde  att  Leathersellers 
Garden  to  see  if  the  water  offended  not  the 
foundation  with  the  viewers  of  the  Church 


Item  for  a  Sugar  loafe  waying  vii  Ibs  &  x. 
ounces  at  xviijd  the  pound  for  my  Lord  Bishop 
of  Gloucester 11 

1613.  Item  of  Mrs.  ffountaine  for  a  legacy  given  to 

the  parish  by  her  late  Husband's  Will  ...      10        0 

Sir  Henry  Eowe,  Ke  and  Mr.  James  Ellyott, 

Exers  of  Mrs.  Cioll. 

Item  for  try  mining  the  Vyne 1 

1612.  Decr  23.  First  Account. 

The  Accompte  of  the  Poore's  Stock. 
Imprimis  receaved    for  the  foote  of  the  last 

accompte 40        0 

Item  of  Mr.  Phillips  and  Mr.  Wardner,  Col- 
lectors for  their  foote 10  0 

Item  gathered  at  the  Church  dore  27  Decr     .  9 

Item  of  Mr.  Awdley  for  a  free  guift       ...  10 

Item  of  Mr.  Wardner  for  a  free  guift     ...  5 

Item  receaved  at  vi  Comunions  beginning  the 
3  of  January  as  by  the  Booke  of  Coinunicants 

appeareth 3 

Item  of  the  Company  of  Ironmongers    ...  2 

Item  of  Mr.  Hickley  from  the  Inquest  ...  Q 

Item  of  Mr.  Awdley  for  a  free  guift  3  April 
1613 3 


54 


4 

50 


10 
2 


19 


19 


16 


15 


Extracts  from  Church  Wardens  Accounts,  223 


1630.  Paid  the  Bell  Pounder  for  changing  our  great 
Bell  and  New  Mettell  added 

1631.  Eeceived  for  the  tithe  of  our  parish  and  other 
things  belonging  to  ye  parson  for  one  whole 

yeare  endinge  at  Lady  Day 

Paid  for  ye  remainder  of  yeares  of  our  par- 
sonage (being  4^  yeares)  unto  Mr.  Ball  £160. 
The  charges  of  a  journey  thither  is  £4  10s.  9d. 
the    drawing   of  wrighting  £1  35.,    and    the 
charges  paid  for  the  whole  yeare  £30  2s.  is 
the  somme  of 

1632.  Eeceived  for  the  tithe  of  our  parish  over  and 
above  all  ordinary  charges  concerning  it     .     . 
The  assessment  made  by  the  Committee  ap- 
pointed by  the  Vestry  in  S*  Hellens  Parish 
towards  ye  repairing  of  the  Church  .... 
The  names   of  the  Parishioners  which    have 
paide  five  years  Tythes  beforehand  beginning 

at  Christmas  Anno  1632 

Collected  in  free   Contributions  towards  the 
repairing  of  our  Church,  of  divers  Companies 
and  particular  persons  as  followeth  : — 

Out  of  the  Chamber  of  London 

for  Gresham  College  .     .     .      .    66    13 
of  the  Companie  of  Mercers  in 

respect  of  College 66    13 

of  the  East  India  Companie  in 
respect  of  Crosbie  House      .     .    50 
of  ye    Companie    of  Merchant 
Tailors  in  respect  they  make  so 
much  use  of  our  Church       .     .    20 
of  ye  Companie  of  Skinners  in 
respect  of  their  Almshouse  in 

our  parish 10 

of  ye  Companie  of  Leathersellers 
in  respect  their  Hall  is  in  our 

parish 25      00 

of  Sir  Julius  Ca3sar  a  free  gifte    20      0     0 

of  Mr.  Thomas  Audley  his  free 

gifte  at  3  several  times    .     .     .18      0 

of  Mr.   Richard    coming    from 

East  India  his  free  gifte  ...400 

of  Mrs.  Meynon  her  free  gift 

before  her  death 50 

of  Mr.  Abell  Gwilliams  his  free 

gift  before  ye  assessment 

of  Mr.    Clutterbuck    his    free 

gift 400 

of  Mr.  Hatlie  his  free  gift    .     .      1      00 
of  Mr.  John  Blunt  his  free  gift     120 


69 


95 
37 

372 

205 


15 


10 


293 


224  Extracts  from  Church  Wardens  Accounts. 


Additional  Subscriptions  :  — 

1632.  Eeceived  from  Sir  Henry  Machiii     .... 

10 

0 

0 

„          from  the  East  India  Company  over 

and  above  £50  formerly  given 

50 

0 

0 

,,          from  the  Company  of  Leathersellers 

10 

0 

0 

„          from  Mr.  John  Slauy 

5 

0 

0 

„          from    ye   worsd   Companie   of   Mer- 

chants   trading  to   ye  East    Indies, 

principall  &  interest  since  Novr  1630 

in  all    

399 

4 

4 

„       ,  Daniell  Williams  for  his  fine  being 

free  from  all  offices  

13 

6 

8 

„          Thomas  Hutchin        do.          do. 

13 

6 

8 

„         by  the  book  for  the  tithe  this  yeare 

cleare  of  ye  charge   .     .     .     . 

29 

9 

5 

Eepairs  :  — 

Paid  for  the  New  Font  &  Cover 

20 

0 

0 

to  Mr.  Boone  for  curing  the 

laborer  that  broke  his  legge 

in  our  Church  Work  .     .     . 

2 

0 

0 

for  10J  Ells  of  Canvas  for  ye 

Commandments      .... 

11 

4 

Bricklayers    &    laborers    as 

apears  by  Bills  

35 

0 

5 

ye  Carpenters  for  ye  roofe  & 

Clock  Tower  as  ^  Bills  .     . 

122 

0 

9 

ye  Smith  for  Iron  Wo  rk&  Nails 

35 

17 

0 

for  paving  tiles  for  ye  Church 

10 

9 

9 

ye  plummer  in  full  .... 

139 

9 

6 

ye  painters  in  full   .... 

78 

1 

6 

in  full  for  whiting  the  Church 

6 

6 

8 

ye  masons  in  parte  of  their 

demand         ...                . 

299 

13 

5 

ye  masons  for  Church  porch  . 

23 

10 

9 

463 

9 

11 

ye  Glass  painter     .... 

15 

16 

6 

ye  Glazier  in  part  of  his  work 

16 

0 

0 

for  carving   as  by  bills  ap- 

• 

"peareth    

10 

5 

6 

for    mending    and    painting 

divers  tombs      

5 

0 

0 

unto  two  Men  that  sett  up 

Queen  Elizabeth  ;  tomb  that 

was  to  be  sold  

2 

0 

ye  Smith's  bills  for  all  woorke 

3 

19 

2 

for  the  Clock     

21 

0 

0 

for  paveing  the  Church  Yard 

and  Street  nere  ye   Church 

and  for  Gravell       .... 

7 

2 

4 

the  plaisteriug  of  the  Church 

in  part     

6 

6 

8 

1322 

3 

2 

Extracts  from  Church  Wardens'  Accounts.  225 


1636.  Eeceived  of  the  Eight  Honble  the  Earl  of  Nor- 
thampton towards  ye  repairinge  of  our  Church 
Paid  Earl  of  Northampton  a  years  Eent  for 
the  Tythe  of  our  Parish 

1637.  Eeceived  of  the  Lady  Ceaser  for  Composition 
for  the  setting  up  Sir  Julius  Ceaser' s  Tomb    . 
The  Eeader  paid  £5  Pr  Annum 

1638.  Eeceived  of  several  persons  for  Pew  monies 
Qs.  Sd.  and  13s.  4d.  each 

1643.  Paid  for  taking  down  the  Cross  upon  the  Belfry 
Eeceived  of  Mr.  North   200  of  lead  taken  of 

the  Cross  on  the  Belfry 

Paid  for  writing  the  names  of  those  that  tooke 
not  the   Covenant  and   carrying  it  to  West- 
minster  

1644.  Eeceived  for  13lb  of  ould  brass  of  Mr.  Bromage 

at5dflb 

Paide  a  Carver  for  defacing  the  superstitious 

inscriptions 

Paide   for  the  Covenant  which  hangs  upp  in 

the  Church 

Paide  for  a  Sunne  Dyall  and  setting  it  uppon 
the  Church 

1647.  Paide  severall  Ministers  to  officiate  from  Mich's 

1646  to  Mich's  1647  as  f  Ace* 

Paid  Mr.  Barum  Lecturer  &  Subscription  Money 
Paid  Mr.  Barrum  for  his  Ministry  from  the 
29th  of  7ber  1647  till  the   25  March  1648   is 
^  a  year  and  come  to 

1648.  Paid  our  Minister  Mr.  Barrum  this  Tear  . 
1681.  Payd  to  Mr.  Cokayne  for  curing  the  Sexton's 

head 

No  charge  for  Vine  after  this  period. 

1685.  Payd  the  Eingers  and  for  a  Bonfire  &  Faggots 

1686.  Payd   for  a  Book    Entituled    the   Bishop   of 
Eochester's  History  of  the  Presbiterian's  Plot 

1690.  Payd  for  a  Coach  to  carry  the  Vestry  Table 

to  Doctors  Commons 

Bill  for  Oyster  Feast. 

Sir  John  Lawrence  lived  at  Putney. 

Eevd  Mr.  Hesketh's  kind  gift  from  the  parish 

<p  Ann 

1699.  Eate  for  Eepair  of  Church 

1700.  Poors  Eate 

Eents,  &c 

Sacrament 

Burials 

Balanc2      due    to     Church 

Warden  . 


121 

14 

8 

99 

9 

0 

3 

15 

6 

15 

10 

0 

19 

19 

10 

260 

9 

0 

30 
10 
23 


50 
20 


19 

80 


6 
120 


18 

3 
5 
2 
1 
6 

15 
19 

0 
0 

17 
6 
9 
1 


0 
6 
0 
6 

8 

3 
2 

10 
0 

0 
6 
0 
0 


226  Extracts  from  Church  Wardens'  Accounts. 


1700.  Arrears  of  Poors  Bate 
Paid  for  Poor  . 
Paid  for  Parish 


4 

16 

5 

110 

19 

5 

144 

13 

2 

260 

9 

0 

1705.  Mar.  25.    Paid  for  a  Banquet  of  Confectionary 

for  the  Bishop* 

E/eceived  upon  a  Six  Months  Assessment  rated 
on  this  parish  pursuant  to  a  statute  13-14 
Car.  2,  for  better  reliefe  of  the  poor,  and  an 
Act  of  Common  Council  29  June  1704  for 
better  putting  that  Statute  in  execucon  by 
raising  money  for  a  supply  towards  further 
employing  ye  poor  of  this  City  and  liberties 
thereof: — 

of  Gresham  College  City  and 

Mercers 1        50 

of  the  Leathersellers  Co.  .  .  1  10  0 
of  Wellcome  Eoblis  &  Co.  .  17  0 

of  the  East  India  Warehouse  .1        50 
of  Moses  Newnes      ....     1        10 
Note.— The  rest   of  the   Inhabitants   of  the 
parish  were  eased  of  paying  anything  to  that 
assessment    in    respect  the    parish  by  agree- 
ment   in    Vestry    paid    out    of    their    Parish 
Stock  the  Quota  enacted  by  the  said  Act  of 
Comon  Council  for  the  Parish  to  pay. 
1707.  Collected  only  of  unusefull  Members  of  the 
Parish  for  the  Corporation  Poor : — 

of  Gresham  College  ....  1  50 
of  Leathersellers  Co.  .  .  .  1  10  0 
Mr.  Grosvenor's  Meeting 

House 1        00 

Mr.  Eobinson's  Meeting  House  16      0 

East  India  Co.     .....     1        50 

Moses  Newnes 1        10 

Received  by  a  quarter  of  an  Ell  of  Holland 
remainder  of  the  Linnen  bought  for  the  Surplice 

more  than  was  used-. 

1709.  An  assessment  made  on  the  Inhabitants  by  a 
Pound  Bate  of  Nine  pence  in  the  Pound  for 
repairing  the  Parish  Church 


177 


18 


17 


12 


*  "Henry  Compton,  youngest  son  of  the  Earl  of  Northampton,  was 
translated  from  the  Bishopric  of  Oxford  to  that  of  London,  18th  Dec.  1675, 
and  confirmed  at  Chelsea,  6th  Feb.  1675-6.  He  died  at  Fulham,  7th  July, 
1713,  aged  81,  and  was  buried  in  the  churchyard  there."  Le  Neve's  Fasti, 
vol.  ii.  p.  304.  Ed.  (Hardy)  Oxon.  1854. 


227 


CHAPTER  VIII. 


SIB  JOHN  CEOSBY. 

"  'Tis  great  pity 

Such  a  gentleman  as  my  master  (for  that  title 
His  being  a  citizen  cannot  take  from  him) 
Hath  no  male  heir  to  inherit  his  estate, 
And  keep  his  name  alive. 

***** 
Happy  were  London,  if,  within  her  walls, 
She  had  many  such  rich  men !" — MASSINGER.* 

AMONG  the  many  eminent  citizens  of  London  whose  wealth  and 
extensive  dealings  when  trade  was  in  its  infancy  contributed  to  lay 
the  foundation  of  that  commercial  pre-eminence  for  which  this 
kingdom  is  celebrated,  was  Sir  John  Crosby.  That  his  family  was 
ancient  and  highly  respectable  is  certain,  although  a  silly  tradition 
respecting  him  was  jcurrent  in  the  time  of  Stow,f  who  says, 
"  I  hold  it  a  fable  said  of  him,  to  be  named  Crosby,  from  his  being 
found  by  a  cross. "  This  absurdity  is  effectually  negatived  by  the 
following  pedigree : — 

Johan  de  Crosbie,  King's  Clerk  in  Chancery,  temp.  Edward  II. 

Sir  John  Crosbie,  temp.  Edward  III.,  Knight,  and  Alderman 
of  London. 

John  Crosby,  Esq.,  called,  in  a  patent  of  Henry  IV.,  the 
"  King's  Servant." 

Of  the  earlier  members  of  the  Crosby  family.  "  In  the  year 
1406,  the  7th  of  Henry  IV.,  the  said  King  gave  to  his  servant  John 
Crosby  the  wardship  of  Joan,  daughter  and  sole  heir  to  John 
Jordaine,  Fishmonger,  &c.  Stow  considers  this  Crosby  to  have 
been  the  father  or  grandfather  of  the  before  mentioned  Sir  John 
Crosby.  And  in  the  reign  of  Edward  III.,  Edward  Prince  of 

*  "  The  City  Madam,"  act  i.  scene  1,  and  act  iv.  scene  1. 
f  S  tow's  Survey,  vol.  i.  p.  435.     Ed.  Lond.,  1754-5. 

2 


228  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

Wales,  Duke  of  Cornwall,  granted  to  Thomas  Rigby,  ( the  custody 
of  the  Manor  of  Haneworth,  and  the  advowson  of  the  Church  of 
Haneworth,  which  was  lately  Sir  John  Crosby's/  which  he  held  of 
the  same  Prince  Edward,  the  day  wherein  he  died,  to  have  and  to 
hold  until  the  lawful  age  of  John,  his  son  and  heir,  called  John 
Crosby."  This  Hanworth  is  placed  on  the  River  Thames,  not  far 
from  Hampton  Court  ....  and  was  so  pleasantly  situated,  that 
Henry  VIII.  delighted  in  it,  saith  Camden,  "  above  any  other  of 
his  Houses."* 

The  first  mention  that  occurs  of  John  Crosbie  in  our  records 
is  in  the  will  of  Henry  Lord  Scrope,  of  Masham,  who  was 
beheaded  at  Southampton  for  being  concerned,  with  Richard,  Earl 
of  Cambridge,  the  King's  own  cousin,  and  others,  in  the  plot 
against  Henry  V.,  in  1415,  and  who  left  Crosbie  "  a  woollen  gown 
without  furs,  and  one  hundred  shillings." 

In  the  records  at  Guildhall  we  find,  under  date  April,  1466, 
7th  Edward  IV.,  "  In  this  Common  Council,  John  Crosby,  Grocer, 
was  elected  a  Member  of  Parliament."  The  names  of  the  four 
members  stand  thus  : — R.  Josselyn,  Knight,  Alderman  ;  Thomas 
Urswyk,  Recorder;  John  Ward,  Mercer,  and  John  Crosby, 
Grocer,  Commoners.  In  the  same  year,  in  this  Common  Hall, 
John  Crosby,  Grocer,  was  elected  one  of  the  auditors  of  the 
City  and  Bridge  House."  1468.— 9th  Edward  IV.— In  this 
Court  of  Aldermen,  out  of  four  persons  named,  John  Crosby  was 
elected  Alderman  of  Broad-street  Ward.  He  also  served  the 
office  of  Sheriff  in  1470  ;  was  twice  warden  of  the  Grocers'  Com- 
pany, to  which  he  made  some  considerable  bequests  in  his  will,f 

*  Stow's  Survey,  vol.  i.  p.  435.  See  also  Camden's  Britan.,  vol.  ii.  p.  2. 
Ed.  (Gough)  Lond.  1789. 

f  One  instance  of  the  distribution  of  Sir  John  Crosby's  property  remains 
in  the  Church  of  They  don  Gernon,  in  Essex,  where  Ihere  is  the  following, 
engraved  in  Mr.  Pegge's  Sylloge  of  Inscriptions  from  a  copy  taken  by  him 

Oct.  21,  1786.     The  first  line  probably  began,  Pray  for  the  soules  of 

which  has  been  studiously  erased,  as  has  also  been  the  sum  given.  It  may 
be  read  thus: — 

*  *  *  *  * 

Arms  Sir  John  Crosbie,  Knight,  late  Alderman         Arms 

of  and  grocere  of  London,  and  a  ....  of 

Grocers'  Co.  of  Dame  Anne  and  Annes  his  wyves  of  Crosby, 

whos  godys  was  gevyn  .  .  .  .  li  towards 
the  makyng  of  thys  steepyll  .  .  .  .  v.  o. 
que  d'ni  1520. 


Sir  John  Crosby.  2.29 

and  finally,  was  promoted  to  the  important  post  of  Mayor  of  the 
Staple  at  Calais. 

Although  Sir  John  Crosby  inherited  a  liberal  patrimony,  he 
early  embarked  in  trade,  and  by  his  success  considerably  aug- 
mented his  wealth.  The  extent  of  his  dealings  is  proved  by  his 
intimacy  and  connexion  with  the  Friscobaldi  of  Florence,  who, 
with  the  Medici,  were  the  great  bankers  and  engrossers  of  the 
commerce  of  Europe. 

Sir  John  Crosby  appears  to  have  distinguished  himself  amongst 
the  party  attached  to  the  House  of  York,  and  was  knighted  by 
Edward  IV.,  May  21,  1471,  when,  as  Alderman  and  Sheriff  of 
London,  he,  with  the  Mayor,  Aldermen,  and  other  citizens,  went 
out  to  meet  that  prince  between  Shoreditch  and  Islington  on  his 
coming  to  London.  Stow  says  that  he  was  knighted  on  the 
field  with  twelve  Aldermen  and  the  Recorder,  for  their  brave 
conduct  "  when  Thomas  Nevil,  the  bastard  Falconbridge,  with  a 
riotous  company,  set  upon  this  city."* 

In  the  reprint  of  Heywood's  Edward  IF.,  by  the  Shakspeare 
Society,  f  Crosby  is  represented  as  the  Lord  Mayor  when  Falcon- 
bridge,  having  raised  a  rebellion,  marched  on  to  London,  encou- 
raging his  forces  to  restore  King  Henry  (who  had  been  lately 
deposed)  from  the  Tower.  On  arriving  at  the  gates  of  London 
Bridge,  they  demand  entrance,  which  is  refused  by  the  Lord  Mayor 
and  citizens,  with  the  City  apprentices,  who  enact  prominent 
characters  on  the  occasion.  Matthew  Shore,  the  goldsmith,  is 
also  of  the  party,  and  having  answered  Falconbridge's  appeal,  is 
asked  his  name,  and  Falconbridge  replies,  "  What !  not  that 
Shore  that  hath  the  dainty  wife  ?  the  flow'r  of  London  for  her 
beauty  ?" 

The  rebels  having  been  valiantly  repulsed,  the  Mayor  addresses 
the  victors  : — 

"  Ye  have  bestirred  yourselves  like  good  citizens, 
And  shown  yourselves  true  subjects  to  the  king. 
You  worthily,  prentices,  bestirr'd  yourselves, 
That  it  did  cheer  my  heart  to  see  your  valour." 

In  the  second  scene  of  act  iv.,  at  the  Mayor's  house.     Enter 


*  Stow's  Survey,  vol.  ii.  p.  222.     Ed.  Lond.  1754-5.     And  Chronicle, 
p.  425.     Ed.  Lond.  1631. 

f  First  Part,  pp.  16,  23,  58.     Ed.  Lond.  1842. 


230  "  Worthies9  connected  with  St.  Helen's. 

the  Lord  Mayor  (having  been  knighted  by  the  King)  who  solilo- 
quizes :  — 

"  Ay,  marry,  Crosby  !  this  befits  thee  well. 
But  some  will  marvel  that,  with  scarlet  gown, 
I  wear  a  gilded  rapier  by  my  side." 

Jane  Shore  is  represented  as  officiating  as  the  Lady  Mayoress, 
whereby  the  King  first  becomes  acquainted  with  her.  The  whole 
play  is  very  interesting,  but,  unfortunately  for  the  facts,  Sir  John 
never  served  the  office  of  Lord  Mayor.  Sir  John  Stockton,  one  of 
the  Aldermen  knighted  with  Sir  John  Crosby,  was  the  Lord  Mayor 
at  this  period. 

In  the  following  year  a  most  delicate  commission  was  given  to 
him,  in  common  with  Sir  John  Scott,  Knight,  Marshall  of  Calais, 
Master  William  Hatclefe,  the  king's  secretary,  Dr.  John  Russell, 
Archdeacon  of  Berkshire,  and  other  eminent  persons.  Their  chief 
ostensible  object  was  to  arrange  various  matters  then  in  abeyance 
between  the  Duke  of  Burgundy  (who  had  married  Elizabeth  of  York, 
the  king's  sister)  and  the  King  of  England,  and  we  presume  to  form 
a  treaty  of  alliance  against  France,  which  Edward  then  meditated 
attacking.  From  thence  they  passed  to  the  court  of  the  Duke  of 
Brittany,  where,  besides  concluding  a  similar  treaty,  they  were,  says 
Stow,*  "  To  have  gotten  there  the  two  Earls  of  Pembroke  and  of 
Richmond."  Had  they  succeeded  in  this  object,  in  what  very  dif- 
ferent channels  might  not  the  history  of  this  country  have  run  ! 
Soon  after  the  defeat  of  the  Lancastrians  at  the  battle  of  Tewkes- 
bury,  the  Earl  of  Pembroke  had  fled  with  his  young  charge  to 
France.  A  storm  drove  his  vessel  on  the  coast  of  Brittany,  and  the 
two  nobles  were  detained  by  Francis,  the  reigning  duke.  Edward 
now  claimed  them  as  enemies  and  fugitive  traitors,  but  in  vain ; 
he  could  get  no  other  assurance  than  that  they  should  never  be 
allowed  to  disturb  his  Government.  This  was  far  from  satisfac- 
tory ;  hence  the  secret  mission  given  to  Sir  John  Crosby  and  his 
companions,  who,  by  profession  of  friendship  for  the  exiles,  suc- 
ceeded at  last  in  persuading  both  them  and  the  duke  of  the  pro- 
priety of  returning  to  England.  The  future  conqueror  of  Bos  worth 
Field  was  already  at  St.  Malo,  on  the  point  of  embarkation,  when 
Landois,  the  minister  of  the  duke,  suddenly  arrived,  and  prevented 


*  Stow's  Chronicle,  pp.  426,  429. 


Sir  John  Crosby.  231 

his  sailing  on  various  pretexts,  till  Richmond  took  the  alarm,  and 
fled  from  the  agents  of  the  man  who  had  probably  the  same  fate  in 
store  for  him  that  had  awaited  Henry  VI. 

Stow,*  in  describing  the  magnificent  house  in  Bishopsgate 
Street  known  by  the  name  of  Crosby  Place,  says,  "  It  was  built 
by  Sir  John  Crosby,  Grocer  and  Woolman" — in  the  time  of  King 
Edward  IV. — <e  in  the  place  of  certain  tenements,  with  their  appur- 
tenances, let  to  him  by  Alice  Ashfeld,  Prioress  of  St.  Helen's,  and 
the  convent,  for  the  term  of  99  years,  from  the  year  1466  to  the 
year  1565,  for  the  annual  rent  of  III.  Qs.  tid.  This  house  he  built 
of  stone  and  timber,  very  large  and  beautiful,  and  the  highest  at 
that  time  in  London/'  Sir  John  "  died  in  1475  :  so  short  a  time 
enjoyed  he  that  large  and  sumptuous  building  V  The  mansion 
is  described  as  a  residence  fit  for  a  prince,  and  soon  after  its 
founder's  death  was  actually  inhabited  by  royalty  itself,  in  the 
person  of  the  Duke  of  Gloucester,  Lord  Protector,  afterwards 
Richard  III. 

Sir  John  Crosby  was  twice  married.  By  his  first  wife,  Anney, 
he  had  several  children,  who  are  supposed  to  have  died  during  his 
lifetime.  Mention  is,  however,  made  of  a  daughter,  whom  he 
styles  Johanna  Crosbie,  otherwise  Talbot,  who  was  living  when  he 
made  his  will,  6th  March,  1471,  four  years  before  his  death,  and 
by  which  his  affection  for  his  first  wife  appears  to  have  been  much 
greater  than  for  her  who  survived  him.  With  reference  to  his 
widow  he  says,  "  And  if  the  said  Anne,  my  wife,  hold  her  not  con- 
tented or  pleased  with  my  bequest,  then  I  will  and  ordain  that  all 
my  said  bequests  to  the  said  Anne,  my  wife,  be  utterly  void,  and 
that  the  said  Anne  have  such  part  only  as  the  law  will  then  give 
her,  without  any  other  manner  of  favour  to  be  showed  to  her." 
He  also  directs,  "  My  body  to  be  buried  in  the  Chapel  of  the  Holy 
Ghost,  within  the  parish  Church  of  St.  Helen,  in  the  same  place 
where  the  body  of  Anney  lieth  buried,  in  case  it  fortune  me  to 
decease  within  the  realme  of  England ;  and  I  bequeath  to  every 
of  the  four,  five,  or  six  persons  of  the  livery  of  my  craft,  that  shall 
bear  my  body  to  the  church,  6s.  Sd.  -,  and  if  it  fortune  me  to  de- 
cease out  of  the  realme  of  England,  then  I  will  that  my  body  be 
buried  in  some  honest  sepulture  of  Holy  Church  beyond  the  sea, 

*  Survey,  vol.  i.  p.  434. 


232  "  Worthies"  connected  with  St.  Helen  s. 

where  it  shall  please  Almighty  God  to  provide  for  me.  And  if  it 
fortune  me  to  be  buried  within  the  Chapel  of  the  Holy  Ghost  afore 
rehearsed,  then  I  will  that  my  executors,  as  soon  as  they  can  after 
my  decease,  provide  an  honest  tomb  of  marble,  to  stand  over  the 
bodies  of  me  and  the  said  Anney  late  my  wife,  with  Scripture,  and 
images  of  me,  my  said  late  wife,  and  my  children,  to  be  made 
thereon,  making-mention  of  our  persons,  and  of  the  day  and  year 
of  my  decease,  and  all  other  things  according  to  our  degree.  And 
if  I  am  buried  beyond  the  sea,  I  will  that  my  executors  provide 
some  tomb  of  stone  in  the  place  where  it  shall  be  my  fortune  to  be 
buried,  and  one  other  tomb  of  stone  in  the  said  Chapel  of  the 
Holy  Ghost,  where  my  wife  layeth  buried,  and  that  on  my  tomb 
be  made  an  image  and  Scripture,  according  to  my  degree,  and  on 
her  tomb  an  image  and  Scripture,  making  mention  of  her  and  our 
children  there  buried.  And  after  that  my  body  be  buried  and  my 
debts  paid,  then  I  bequeath  to  the  said  high  altar  of  St.  Helen's 
for  my  offerings  restrained  or  forgotten,  if  any  so  have  been  done, 
in  discharging  of  my  soul,  66/.  Is.  <kd. 

"  I  will  that  all  the  torches  and  tapers  that  shall  be  occupied 
about  my  body  the  daye  of  my  interment  and  months  mind,  be 
held  by  poor  people  without  any  other  candlestick.  Every  man  to 
pray  for  me,  and  to  have  for  his  labour  1  %d." 

After  bequeathing  considerable  sums  to  the  nuns  of  St.  Helen's, 
Holy  well,  Stratford,  and  Sion,  the  Friars,  Minores,  Preachers,  and 
Carmelites,  the  Hospitals  of  St.  Mary  Spittle,  Bethlehem,  and 
gaols  of  London  and  Southwark,  for  their  prayers  and  relief,  he 
bequeathed  "400  marks  sterling"  (equal  to  about  5000/.  of  our 
day),  for  a  priest  of  good  fame  "  to  say  mass  and  to  pray  for  my 
soul/'  and  all  Christian  souls  in  the  Church  of  St.  Helen's,  for 
forty  years  after  my  decease,  and  the  said  priest,  or  others  suc- 
ceeding him,  during  all  the  time  my  wife  resides  in  St.  Helen's,  to 
be  obedient  to  her  in  all  things  lawful  and  honest,  and  give  his 
attendance  in  singing  divine  service  before  her  at  such  times  as 
she  shall  desire  him,  and  if  the  said  priest  be  found  debateful  or  of 
unclean  life,  to  be  removed  by  my  executors  and  another  chosen.'' 
The  said  obite  to  be  holden  every  year  on  the  anniversary  of  his 
death,  and  for  it  he  bequeathed  100  marks  sterling.  The  Master, 
Wardens,  and  all  the  Commonalty  of  the  Grocers'  Company,  to 
attend  the  said  obite  yearly  for  the  said  forty  years,  and  to  be  trus- 


Join  Leventhorpe.  233 

tees  of  the  said  500  marks  after  the  decease  of  his  executors. 
"Also  considering  the  great  damages  that  the  prioress  of  St. 
Helen's  and  convent  stand  in  by  means  of  the  great  duties  they 
owe ;  of  my  pure  charity  and  good  zeal  that  I  bear  toward  them, 
I  bequeath  Forty  Pounds  to  be  applied  in  diminishing  their  debts. 
Also  upon  the  renewing  and  reforming  the  said  Church  500  marks 
sterling/' 

He  further  directs  his  executors  to  do  the  costs  of  the  glazing, 
garnishing,  and  appariatying  of  the  chancel  of  the  parish  church 
of  Haneworth,  Middlesex,  though  the  cost  extend  unto  40/.,  or 
somewhat  more;  to  the  repairs  of  Bishop's  Gate  and  the  walls  ad- 
joining, 100/. ;  to  making  a  new  tower  of  stone  at  the  south  end 
of  London  Bridge,  100/. ;  to  the  repairs  of  Rochester  Bridge,  10£.; 
to  the  Grocers'  Company,  two  large  pots  of  silver,  half-chased, 
half-gilt,  weighing  131bs.  5oz.,  troy  weight,  and  desiring  the  same 
to  remain  in  the  treasury  to  the  use  of  the  Company,  and  to  be 
occupied  in  the  worship  of  God,  and  of  the  same  Commonalty  in 
their  Hall,  to  the  intent  that  the  Commonalty  might  have  mind  of 
his  soul. 

Various  legacies  are  also  left  to  his  relations  and  friends,  as 
well  as  to  his  apprentices  and  servants,  and  in  the  event  of  his 
leaving  no  child  which  should  attain  full  age,  or  marry,  &c.,  he 
directs  the  residue  of  his  estate  to  be  disposed  of  by  his  executors, 
for  the  benefit  of  his  soul,  "  in  deeds  of  charitie  and  pittie ;  in 
making  or  buying  of  books,  chalyces,  and  other  apparalment  of  the 
church,  and  to  be  given  to  poor  churches ;  in  relieving  of  poor 
persons ;  in  marriage  of  poor  maidens  of  good  name  and  fame,  to 
each  40s. ;  to  amending  of  broken  bridges,  and  of  foul,  noyous,  and 
perilous  high  waies,  and  in  other  deeds  of  alms." 

Thomas  Rygby,  of  London,  gentleman,  and  William  Brace- 
bridge  (M.P.  for  London  1478  and  1483),  citizen  and  draper,  were 
appointed  executors,  with  a  legacy  of  60^.  each,  on  condition  that 
they  undertook  the  execution  of  the  will,  which  was  proved  in  the 
Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury,  6th  February,  3475. 

JOHN  LEVENTHOBPE. 

The  Leventhorpes  of  Hertfordshire  were  a  branch  of  a  most 
ancient  family  of  that  name,  formerly  seated  at  Leventhorpe 
Hall,  in  the  West  Riding  of  Yorkshire,  which  migrated  into 


234  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helen's. 

Herts  so  early  as  the  reign  of  Richard  the  Second.  The  name  of 
John  Leventhorpe,  of  Sabbesford,  Esquire,  appears  in  the  original 
roll  of  the  Gentlemen  in  the  county  of  Herts  who  could  dispend 
10£  per  annum  in  the  time  of  Henry  VI.,  and  also  as  having 
served  in  Parliament  as  member  for  the  County  in  the  first  and 
third  years  of  Henry  V.,  and  first  of  Henry  VI.  He  bought 
the  manor  and  lands  of  Shingey  Hall,  and  was  one  of  the  execu- 
tors named  in  the  will  of  King  Henry  V.  John,  his  son  and  heir, 
was  further  enriched  by  Henry  VI.  by  grants  of  neighbouring 
territory  to  a  very  great  extent,  with  free  warren  in  all  his  lands, 
so  that  no  man  might  enter  into  those  manors,  to  hunt  and  chase 
in  them,  or  take  anything  that  pertained  to  the  warren,  without 
his  licence  and  good  will.  By  another  charter,  dated  Feb.  14th, 
1447,  the  same  king  granted  to  him  and  his  heirs  a  market  to  be 
held  on  every  Wednesday  in  the  week  and  two  fairs  in  every  year, 
with  all  things  belonging  to  such  markets  and  fairs.  Also  licence 
to  enclose  400  acres  of  land,  40  acres  of  meadow,  and  40  acres  of 
wood,  with  pales  or  piles  in  Sawbridge worth  and  Thorley  to  make 
a  park,  and  to  hold  the  same  imparked  to  him  and  his  heirs  for 
ever.  He  died  May  31,  1484,  leaving  a  son,  Thomas,  who  had 
issue,  John  Leventhorpe*  who  died  in  the  first  year  of  King 
Henry  VIII.,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Helen's  Church,  the  inscrip- 
tion on  his  tomb  describing  him  as  one  of  the  four  keepers  of  the 
Chamber  to  King  Henry  VII.  The  estates  descended  in  a  direct 
line  to  Sir  John  Leventhorpe,  who  was  knighted  in  1603,  and 
created  a  Baronet  in  1622,  and  whose  son  and  heir,  Sir  Thomas 
Leventhorpe,  became  the  father  of  Mrs.  Csesar.  Her  husband, 
Charles  Caesar,  Esq.,  being  grandson  of  Sir  Julius  Caesar. 

SIE  WILLIAM  HOLLES. 

Sir  William  Holies  was  born  at  Stoke  about  the  year  1471. 
He  was  made  free  of  the  Mercers'  Company  Sept.  17,  1499, 
and  became  Master  of  the  Company  in  1538.  21st  Henry  VIII. 
was  chosen  Sheriff  of  Middlesex,  by  the  Commonalty  Aug.  31, 
1527,  for  of  the  two  Sheriffs  of  London  and  Middlesex,  that  for 
London  was  then  chosen  by  the  Mayor,  the  other  by  the  Com- 


*  His  wife  was  Jane  Clovell,  of  the  county  of  Essex,  descended  from  the 
heir  of  the  Lord  FitzAucher. 


Sir  William  Holies.  235 

monalty.  On  the  31st  March,  1528,  he  was  elected  Alderman  of 
Aldgate  Ward,  in  the  room  of  John  Rudston,  who  chose  the  ward 
of  Candlewyck  Street  after  the  decease  of  John  Kyme,  late  Alder- 
man there.  The  inhabitants  nominated  to  the  Mayor  and  Alder- 
men, Sir  John  Mylburne,  Knt.,  Sir  John  Aleyn,  Knt.,  William 
Hollyes,  and  William  Roch,  and  they  chose  William  Holyes,  as 

the  name  is  wrote  in  the  register  at  Guildhall He  received 

the  honour  of  Knighthood  25th  Henry  VIII.,  and  about  six  years 
after  was  elected  Lord  Mayor  of  London  on  St.  Edward's  Day ; 
which  election,  entered  at  large  amongst  the  registers  at  Guildhall, 
sets  forth,  that  William  Holleis,  Mercer,  and  James  Spencer, 
Vintner,  aldermen,  were  nominated  by  a  great  and  immense  mul- 
titude of  the  Commonalty,  and  that  the  Lord  Mayor  and  Alder- 
men chose  the  said  William  Holleis  Lord  Mayor.  During  his 
mayoralty  he  caused  the  Moore  ditch  to  be  cleansed,  which,  as 
Stow  observes,  "  happened  in  his  remembrance,  and  not  long  be- 
fore from  the  Tower  of  London  to  Ealdgate.""*  At  this  time  also 
Henry  VIII.  married  the  Lady  Anne  of  Cleves,  "  who  was  received 
into  London/'  says  Baker,  "Jan.  3  (A.D.  1540),  by  Sir  William 
Hollice,  then  Lord  Mayor,  with  orations,  pageants,  and  all  com- 
pliments of  State,  the  greatest  that  ever  had  been  seen."f  Hall 
saith,  "  The  4th  February  next  ensuing  the  King  and  she  came  to 
Westminster  by  water,  accompanied  with  many  nobles  and  prelates 
in  barges,  on  whom  the  Mayor  and  his  brethren  in  scarlet,  and 
twelve  of  the  chief  companies  in  the  City,  all  in  barges  garnished 
with  banners,  pennons,  and  targets,  richly  covered,  and  replenished 
with  minstrelsy,  gave  their  attendance/'  &c.{  And  both  Hall  and 
Holinshed  tell  us  that,  the  King  issuing  forth  of  the  Park  at 
Greenwich  to  meet  the  Lady  Ann,  then  arrived  at  Blackheath, 
the  Barons  proceeded  first  after  the  King's  servants,  the  youngest 
first,  "  and  so  Sir  William  Hollis,  Knt.,  Lord  Mayor  of  London, 
rode  with  the  Lord  Par,  being  youngest  Baron."§  Hence  may  be 
observed  the  dignity  of  the  Mayor  of  London,  who  out  of  his  own 
proper  jurisdiction  was  ranked  amongst  the  Barons  of  England. 
Somewhat  west  of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham's  dwelling  was  another 


*  Stow's  Survey,  vol.  i.  p.  13. 

f  Baker's  Chronicle  of  the  Kings  of  England  (Henry  YIIL),  p.  50.     Ed. 
Lond.  1643.          J  Hall's  Chronicle  (Henry  VIII.),  p.  837.     Ed.  Lond.  1809. 
§  Id.  p.  834.    Holinshed's  Chronicles,  vol.  iii.  p.  812.     Ed.  Lond.  1807-8. 


236  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helen's. 

very  "  fayre  house,"  wherein  Sir  William  Holies  kept  his 
mayoralty.  Sir  Andrew  Judd  also  kept  his  mayoralty  there. 

Somewhat  more  than  a  year  after  his  mayoralty,  and  about  a 
year  before  his  death,  Sir  William  Holies  made  his  will  whilst  yet 
in  perfect  health  and  memory,  as  follows  : — 

' '  In  the  name  of  God,  Amen,  the  25th  day  of  the  moneth  of 
December,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  God  1541,  and  in  the  33rd 
yeare  of  the  Raigne  of  our  most  dread  Soveraigne  Lord  Henry  VIII. 
I,  Sir  William  Holies,  Knt.,  and  late  Lord  Mayor  of  the  City  of 
London,  whole  of  mind  and  of  good  and  perfect  remembrance 
(laud  and  praise  be  to  Almighty  God)  make  and  ordeine  this  my 
present  testament  and  last  Will  concerning  the  disposition  of  my 
movable  goods  in  this  wise  following  : — That  is  to  say,  First,  I 
bequeath  and  commend  my  soule  unto  God  Almighty,  my  Maker 
and  Redeemer,  to  the  glorious  Virgin  Mary  his  mother,  our  lady 
St.  Mary,  and  to  all  the  Holy  Company  of  Heaven ;  and  my  body 
to  be  buried  in  Christian  burial  (where  it  shall  please  God  to  pro- 
vide for  it)  at  the  discretion  of  my  Executors  underwritten;  that 
is  to  say,  of  Dame  Elizabeth,  my  well-beloved  wife,  of  Mr.  Andrew 
Judde,  Alderman  of  the  City  of  London,  and  mine  especial  friend, 
Mr.  Anthony  Bonewise,  Merchant,  whom  I  ordein  and  make  my 
true  and  lawful  executors,  And  I  bequeath  unto  the  said  Andrew 
Judde  and  Anthony  Bonewise  for  their  paynes  and  labours  in  that 
partie  to  be  had,  and  to  accomplish  this  my  present  Testament 
and  last  Will  as  hereafter  followeth,  eyther  of  them  Ten  Pounds 

Sterling Item.  I  will  that  if  any  Person  or  Persons 

what  degree  he,  she,  or  they  shall  be,  will  come  after  my  decease 
to  my  Executors,  which,  upon  a  credible  information  by  them- 
selves, or  true  and  faithful  witness,  will  or  can  depose  by  his  or 
their  oathes,  how  that  they  have  suffered,  susteined,  or  had  any 
hurt  or  harme,  wrong  or  any  losse  by  me,  or  my  occasion :  I  desire, 
will  and  charge  my  said  executors,  that  they  will  make  to  every 
such  person  or  persons,  due  restitution  and  satisfaction  of  the 
same  according  to  right  and  conscience  in  that  behalfe.  And 
moreover  I  will  and  desire  my  said  Executors  to  give  unto  certain 
Aldermen,  and  unto  certain  Commoners  of  the  City  of  London, 
and  to  others  of  my  lovers  and  friendes  (whom  they  shall  think 
best  and  convenient)  Black  Gownes :  and  also  to  every  one  of  my 
servants,  menservants,  and  women  servants,  black  gownes,  and 
every  of  them  Five  Shillings,  over  and  above  their  wages.  And 


Sir  William  Holies.  237 

furthermore,  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  the  Mayor  and  Aldermen 
of  the  City  of  Coventry,  and  to  the  Commons  of  the  same  £200 
Stg.  to  this  intent  and  purpose  hereafter  ensuing ;  that  is  to  say, 

to  make  a  new  Crosse  within  the  said  City Also  I  give 

and  bequeath  unto  Sir  Thomas  Moore,  my  Chaplain,  a  black 
gowne  and  twenty  marks  in  money,  to  be  payd  him,  or  his  assigns, 
in  full  restitution  and  recompense  of  all  old  reckonings  en 

him  and  me.  And  whereas  it  hath  alwayes  beene,  time  out  of  minde, 
accustomed  and  used,  that  whensoever  any  freeman  within  the  City 
of  London  departes  out  of  this  miserable  worlde,  the  goods,  move- 
ables  and  debtes  of  him  or  her  so  departed,  ought  and  hath  been 
alwayes  used  to  be  divided  and  parted  into  three  parties,  that  is, 
tin3  one  thirde  parte  to  the  wife,  the  seconde  thirde  to  be  equally 
parted  and  divided  amongst  the  children,  if  they  were  not  suffi- 
ciently advanced  before;    and  the   other   thirde   parte,  for   the 
accomplishment  and   fulfilling  of  the  deathe's  Will.     Wherefore 
know  all  men  unto  whom  my  present  will  and  testament  shall 
come  to  see,  heare,  or  read,  that  I  the  said  Sir  William  Hollis,  Knt. 
hath  highly  and  singularly  preferred  and  set  forth  my  three  sonnes 
in  my  lifetime  :  and  I  have  given  and  assured  unto  every  of  them 
Mannors,  Lands,  Tenements   and   Hereditaments,   and  which  of 
them  hath  least,  cost  me  fower  thousande  Marks,  and  above  which 
I  have  already  given  them,  and  assured  them,  for  the  full  advance- 
ment of  them  my  three  sonnes ;  and  for  that  intent  and  purpose, 
that  they,  nor  none  of  them,  should  hereafter,  make  clay  me,  nor 
demande  any  part  of  goodes,  or  debtes,  nor  at  any  time  hereafter, 
sue,  vexe,  molest,  nor  trouble  my  said  executors  for  no  parte  nor 
parcell  of  my  goods,  chattels,  ne  debtes;  Forasmuch  as  I  have 
singularly  preferred,  set  forth,  and  advanced  every  of  them  in  my 
life  time,  Yet,  nevertheless,  for  the  great  zeal,  love  and  favour  that 
I  beare  towards  my  sonnes,  and  the  unity,  peace,  and  love  hereafter 
to  encrease  betweene  the  right  good  lady  their  Mother,  and  them 
to  be  had,  more  and  more.     Therefore,  I  will,  that  the  third  parte 
of  all  my  Goods,  Chattels  and  debtes  be  equally  truly  and  justly 
parted  and  divided  amongst  my  sonnes  according  to  the  laudable 
custome  of  this  Honorable  City  of  London,  although  that  they  be 
highly  advanced  and  preferred,  as  aforesaid.  Furthermore  I  charge 
and  command  my  said  three  sonnes,  upon  my  Blessing,  that  they, 
and  every  of  them   during  their  lives,  one  to  love  another ;  and 
in  so  doing,  I  doubt  not  but  God  himself  shall  worke  in  them 


23S  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helen's. 

the  world  also  shall  prosper  with  them.  And  moreover,  I  will  and 
heartily  desire  my  trusty  and  well- beloved  wife,  and  my  singular 
good  friends  Mr.  Andrew  Judde  and  Anthony  Bonewise  to  be 
good  and  favorable  friendes  unto  my  said  sonnes,  even  as  you 

would  I  should  be  to  yours,  in  case  I  were  as  ye  be  now 

Also  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  the  Parishioners  of  St.  Helyns, 
towards  the  reparation  and  other  Ornaments  to  the  said 

Church  belonging  £20  sterling 

"  Moreover,  I  will,  that  my  said  executors  shall  give  to  certain 
poor  maydens  marriages,  such  parcels  of  money  as  they  shall  think 
best  for  the  welth  of  my  soule,  which  I  instantly  desire  them  so 
to  do,  as  they  would  be  done  unto.  Also  I  will  that  my  said 
Executors  shall  find  an  honest  priest,  not  beneficed,  of  good  con- 
versation, name,  and  fame,  to  sing  and  say  Masse  when  he  shall 
be  disposed  within  the  Church  called  Thomas  Beckkets,  or  else 
within  the  Parish  Church  where  it  shall  fortune  my  Body  to  be 
buried  at  the  discretion  of  myn  Executors ;  and  other  divine 
service,  &c.,  specially  praying  for  my  soule,  my  wife's  soule,  and 
all  Christian  soules;  which  priest  to  serve  the  term  of  Twenty 
years  next  after  my  decease,  and  I  will  that  the  said  priest  shall 
be  always  named,  and  put  into  the  said  service  by  Dame  Elizabeth, 
my  wife,  she  paying  for  him,  for  his  salary  and  wages  £6  13s.  4<d. 
sterling,  at  four  usual  terms  in  the  year,  and  after  her  decease  the 
same  priest  shall  always  be  named  and  put  in  by  Thomas  Hollys 

and  his  heirs Also,  I  will,  by  this  present  Testament,  that 

my  said  executors  during  the  term  of  twenty  years  after  my 
decease,  shall  keep  and  find  yearly,  within  the  Parish  Church  of 
St.  Hellyns,  on  the  day  of  the  month  that  it  shall  fortune  me  to 
decease,  upon  the  day  before,  or  upon  the  day  next  ensuing,  a 
yearly  obite  or  anniversary,  solemnly  by  note  for  my  soule,  my 
wife's  soule,  and  all  Christian  soules.  That  is  to  say,  Placebo 
and  Diridge,  to  be  done  over  evening,  and  mass  of  requiem  on 
the  morrow  then  next  ensuing.  And,  I  will,  that  my  Executors, 
during  the  term  of  20  years,  shall  expend  every  year,  yearly,  at 
every  of  the  said  obites,  so  to  be  kept  4  marks  sterling :  that  is  to 
say,  that  the  M  aster  of  the  mistery  of  the  Mercers  for  the  time  being, 
who  shall  be  present  at  my  said  Obite  shall  have  3*.  4r/.  Item. 
To  every  other  of  the  said  Wardens  of  the  said  Mercers,  coming  to 
my  said  Obite  25.  Qd.  Item.  To  every  one  of  the  livery  of  the 
said  company  being  at  my  said  Obite  4*d.  Item.  To  the  Clerk  of 


Sir  William  Holies.  23? 

the  said  company  12r/.  Item.  To  the  priest  that  shall  sing  the 
Mass  of  Requiem  IQd.  and  to  every  other  priest  there  being  6cZ. 
Item.  To  the  Parish  Clerk  6d.  Item.  To  the  Sexton  4>d.  To 
every  child  there  during  service  2d.  The  residue  to  be  dealed 
amongst  poor  people,  and  deeds  of  alms  at  the  discretion  of  myn 
Executors ;  Also,  I  will,  that  my  Executors  shall  deliver  every 
year,  during  the  term  of  20  years  next  after  my  decease,  unto  the 
Fellowship  and  Company  of  Mercers  £4  sterling,  for  to  have  a 
dinner  for  their  loving  assembly  together,  at  my  said  Obite,  or 
anniversary,  there  remembering  and  praying  for  my  soule;  Dame 
Elizabeth  my  wife's  soule,  and  all  Christian  soules." 

"  Sir  William  Holies  died  at  his  house  in  London,  Oct.  13,  1542, 
and  was  buried  at  St.  Helen's  Church,  where  a  becoming  Monu- 
ment was  erected  and  stood  in  the  middle  of  the  North  Aisle.*" 

He  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Scopeham  who  did  not 

long  survive  him,  dying  in  London,  March  13,  1543.  By  her 
Will,  dated  Feb,  17,  1543,  she  directs  her  body  to  be  buried  in 
the  same  Monument  with  her  Husband  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Ellyns.  Besides  other  legacies,  she  requires  her  Executors, 
Andrew  Judde,  Alderman  and  her  brother  Thomas  Scopeham  to 
erect  Six  Almshouses  for  men  or  women  in  the  said  parish  of 
St.  Elyns  and  endow  them  with  £10  ^  ann.  out  of  which  every 
one  of  the  Almspeople  to  receive  Id.  weekly,  and  the  remainder  to 
buy  them  coals.  These  Almshouses  were  accordingly  erected  and 
attributed  to  Sir  Andrew  Judde. f 

"Sir  William  Holies  had  by  her  three  Sons  and  a  daughter  Anne, 
who  died  before  her  parents,  having  been  married  to  John 
Whiddon  of  the  Inner  Temple  who  in  1st  Edward  VI.  was  the 
first  of  the  seven  sergeants  who  kept  their  feast  in  Lincoln's  Inn 
and  was  made  a  Judge  of  the  King's  Bench.  It  is  said  that  he 
was  the  first  Judge  who  did  ride  to  Westminster  Hall  on  a  Horse 
the  Judges  before  his  time  riding  on  Mules. 

"  Sir  Thomas,  the  eldest  son,  was  by  his  lavishness  and  impru- 
dence, the  ruin  of  his  family.  His  father  left  him  a  fair  estate, 
yet  he  lived  to  spend  it  all  and  die  in  prison.  His  taking  a  wife 
from  Court  was  part  of  his  undoing-.  He  married  Catherine 
Payne  who  was  Maid  of  Honour  to  Queen  Catharine  first  Wife  to 
Henry  VIII.  He  had  the  honour  of  Knighthood  conferred  on  him 


*  No  vestige  of  this  monument  remains.  f  See  pp.  249  et 


240  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

at  the  same  time  with  his  brother  William,  viz.,  two  days  after 
the  Coronation  of  King  Edward  VI.,  at  which  he  is  said  to  have 
been  present  with  threescore  and  ten  followers. 

' '  Sir  William,  the  second  son,  married  Anne,  eldest  daughter  of 
John  Densel  of  Densel,  in  the  county  of  Cornwall,  and  after  her 
death  he  married  Jane,  daughter  of  Sir  Richard  Grosvenor,  Knt., 
whom  he  also  survived.  He  was  by  Edward  VI.  made  one  of  the 
Knights  of  the  Carpet,  with  several  others  of  great  note,  February 
22nd,  two  days  after  the  coronation ;  all  those  summoned  being 
to  be  made  Knights  of  the  Bath,  but  for  want  of  time  the  cere- 
monies were  omitted.  He  was  elected  one  of  the  knights  for  the 
county  of  Nottingham,  and  was  twice  High  Sheriff.  His  daugh- 
ter he  married  to  Walter  Stanley,  a  cadet  of  the  illustrious  house 
of  the  Earls  of  Derby.  George,  Lord  Clifford,  that  brave  and 
active  Earl  of  Cumberland,  made  application  to  have  her  for  his 
wife,  but  could  not  gain  her  father's  consent ;  and  when  his  friends 
endeavoured  to  persuade  him,  stating  what  an  advancement  it 
would  be  for  his  daughter,  he  answered  '  Sake  of  God'  (his  usual 
mode),  '  I  do  not  like  to  stand  with  my  cap  in  my  hand  to  my 
son-in-law ;  I  will  see  her  married  to  an  honest  gentleman,  with 
whom  I  may  have  friendship  and  conversation/  which  accordingly 
he  did  to  Mr.  Stanley,  January  20th,  1578.  He  was  usually 
styled  the  '  good  Sir  William  /  he  began  his  Christmas  at  All- 
hallow  tide,  and  continued  it  until  Candlemas,  during  which  time 
any  man  was  permitted  to  stay  three  days  without  being  asked 
whence  he  came,  or  what  he  was.  And  the  proportion  which  he 
allowed  every  day  during  the  twelve  days  of  Christmas  was  a  fat 
ox,  with  sheep,  and  other  provision  answerable.  Besides,  it  was 
certain  with  him  never  to  sit  down  to  dinner  till  after  one  of  the 
clock,  and  being  asked  why  he  always  dined  so  late,  he  answered 
for  aught  he  knew,  there  might  be  a  friend  coming  twenty  miles 
to  dine  with  him,  and  he  would  be  loth  that  he  should  lose  his 
labour.  He  died  January  18th,  1590,  and  was  succeeded  by  his 
grandson,  who  was  created  Baron  Houghton  and  Earl  of  Clare, 
and  married  Anne,  only  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Stanhope,  July 
9th,  1616.  His  grandson,  having  married  the  daughter  of  the 
Duke  of  Newcastle,  who  left  him  his  whole  estate,  was  advanced 
by  King  William  III.  by  the  title  of  John  Holies,  Duke  of  New- 
castle and  Marquis  of  Clare/' 


241 


EICHAED  WILLIAMS. 

Richard  Williams,  alias  Cromwell,  great  grandfather  to  the 
protector,  Oliver  Cromwell,  was  the  eldest  son  of  Morgan  Williams, 
gentleman  of  the  Privy  Chamber  to  Henry  VII.  His  mother  was 
sister  to  Thomas  Cromwell,  afterwards  Earl  of  Essex,  and  Vicar- 
General,  the  great  favourite  of  Henry  VIII.  Leland,  in  describing 
the  county  of  Glamorgan,*  says  : — "  In  the  south  side  of  this  hill, 
six  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Remny,  was  born,  Richard 
Williams,  alias  Cromwell,  in  the  paroche  of  Llan-Ishn."  He  was 
introduced  by  his  uncle,  Thomas  Cromwell,  to  the  king,  whose  favour 
he  soon  obtained  by  his  active  spirit  and  various  accomplishments. 
His  preferment  was  forwarded  by  the  zeal  with  which  he  engaged 
in  the  suppression  of  a  dangerous  insurrection  that  began  in 
Lincolnshire,  when  the  king's  enemies  first  evinced  a  determined 
intention  to  abrogate  the  institutions  of  the  Papacy.  In  the  fol- 
lowing year,  on  the  passing  of  the  Act  for  the  Dissolution  of  the 
Monasteries,  &c.,  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  visitors  of  the  reli- 
gious houses,,  and  very  quickly  obtained  a  full  share  in  the  rich 
harvest  of  abbey  lands,  which  were  divided  among  the  promoters 
of  the  Reformation.  Previously  to  this  he  had  supera'dded  the 
name^of  Cromwell  to  his  own,  in  honour  of  his  uncle,  then  Earl  of 
Essex,  and  on  the  recommendation  of  the  king,  who  had  strongly 
enjoined  the  adoption  of  family  names  to  all  his  Welsh  subjects,  in 
preference  to  the  mode  which  then  prevailed.  In  March,  1537-8, 
he  had  a  grant  of  the  nunnery  of  Hinchinbrook,  near  Huntingdon, f 
with  its  appurtenances.  The  other  grants  in  this  county  included 
the  Monastery  of  Saltry- Judith,  lands  at  Eynsbury,  &c.,  belonging 
to  the  late  dissolved  chantry  of  Svvasy,  in  Cambridgeshire.  The 
site  of  the  rich  abbey  of  Ramsey,  and  the  several  meres  and  lakes 
belonging  to  it,  and  generally  its  possessions  in  this  country,  the 
annual  revenue  of  which  was  estimated  at  1987^.  15<s.  3^.,  St. 
Mary's  Monastery,  in  Huntingdon,  St.  Neot's  Monastery,  and 
also  the  abbey  of  Grey  Friars,  at  Yarmouth ;  the  priory  of  St. 
Helen's,  Bishopsgate,  the  castles,  lordships,  and  manors  of  Maner- 
bere  and  Penalle,  both  in  Pembrokeshire,  and  by  exchange  for 


*  Leland's  Itinerary,  vol.  iv.  p.  38.     Ed.  Oxon.  1769. 
f  See  Noble's  Memoirs  of  the  Protectoral  House  of  Cromwell,  pp.  5-9. 
Ed.  Lond.  1787. 

R 


242  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helen's. 

other  lands,  the  Abbey  of  Neath,  in  Glamorganshire.  The  annual 
value  of  these  estates  was  at  that  time  estimated  at  30,000^. 
It  is  expressed  in  the  grant,  that  "  it  passed  in  consideration  of  his 
good  service  and  the  payment  of  4963^.  4s.  Zd.,  to  be  held  in  capite 
by  knight's  service." 

The  bravery  and  prowess  which  he  displayed,  at  a  great  triumph 
at  jousting,  at  Westminster,  in  1540,  which  jousts  had  been  pro- 
claimed in  France,  Flanders,  Scotland,  and  Spain,  for  all  comers 
that  would,  ,against  the  challengers  of  England,  still  further  ad- 
vanced him  in  the  king's  favour.  Stow  says,*  "  The  challengers 
came  into  the  lists  that  day  richly  apparelled,  and  their  horses  trapped 
all  in  white  velvet  ....  and  all  their  servants  in  white  doublets 
and  hosen,  cut  all  in  the  Burgonian  fashion;  and  there  came  to  joust 
against  them  forty-six  knights  all  richly  apparelled  ....  and  after 
the  said  jousts  were  done,  the  said  challengers  rode  to  Durham-place, 
where  they  kept  open  household.  The  2nd  May,  Anthony  Kingston 
and  Richard  Cromwell  were  made  knights.  On  the  6th  May,  the  said 
challengers  broke  up  their  household.  In  the  which  time  of  their 
housekeeping  they  had  not  only  feasted  the  king  and  queen,  with 
their  ladies  and  the  whole  Court,  but,  on  the  Tuesday  in  Rogation 
week,  they  feasted  all  the  knights  and  burgesses  of  the  Commons 
House  in  the  Parliament ;  and  on  the  morrow  after,  they  had  the 
Mayor  of  London,  the  Aldermen,  and  all  their  wives  to  dinner." 
Henry  was  so  much  delighted  with  the  skill  and  courage  displayed 
by  Richard  Cromwell,  that,  according  to  a  family  tradition,  pre- 
served by  Fuller,f  he  exclaimed,  "  Formerly  thou  wast  my  Dick, 
but  hereafter  shalt  be  my  diamond,  and  thereat  let  fall  his 
diamond  ring  unto  him.  In  avowance  whereof,  these  Cromwells 
have  ever  since  given  for  their  crest  a  lion  holding  a  diamond  ring 
in  his  fore-paw." 

In  1541  Sir  Richard  was  appointed  High  Sheriff  for  the 
counties  of  Huntingdon  and  Cambridge.  He  was  also  member 
for  Huntingdonshire,  in  the  Parliament  which  met  in  January, 
1542.  In  this  year  he  was  also  made  one  of  the  Gentlemen  of  the 
Privy  Chamber.  In  1543  he  was  appointed  "Capteine  of  the 
Horssemen,"J  in  the  expedition  sent  into  France,  under  Sir  John 

*  Stow's  Chronicle,  vol.  i.  pp.  579-80. 

t  Fuller's  Church  History,  Book  VI.  p.  370.     Ed.  Lond.  1655. 
J  Holinshed's  Chronicle,  vol.  iii.  p.  832.    Ed.  Lond.  1807-8. 


Thomas  Benolte.  243 

Wallop  and  Sir  Thomas  Seymour,  which  consisted  of  6000  men, 
"  right  hardie  and  valiant,"  including  the  flower  of  the  English 
chivalry.  The  following  year  he  was  made  Constable  of  Berkley 
Castle,  Steward  of  the  Lordship  of  Archinfield,  with  the  Con- 
stableship  of  Castle  of  Goderyche,  in  the  march  of  Wales,  with  the 
power  of  appointing  the  Master- Sergeant  and  Porter  belonging  to 
those  offices,  during  the  nonage  of  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury.  Sir 
Richard  Cromwell  married  in  1518,  Frances,  daughter  of  Sir 
Thomas  Mirfyn,  Lord  Mayor  of  London.  Lady  Frances  died  at 
Stepney,  and  was  there  buried,  Feb.  20th,  1533,  leaving  two  sons, 
Henry,  the  eldest  and  heir,  and  Francis,  who  was  one  of  the 
knights  for  the  county  of  Huntingdon,  15th  Elizabeth.  By  his 
will,  dated  25th  June,  1545,  Sir  Andrew  Judde,  who  had  also 
married  a  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Mirfyn,  was  appointed  one  of 
the  executors.  He  there  directs  that  his  body  shall  be  buried  in  the 
place  where  he  should  die.  The  will  was  proved  28th  Nov.  1546. 

Sir  Thomas  Mirfyn  was  a  native  of  Ely,  in  Cambridge,  mem- 
ber of  the  Skinners'  Company,  Sheriff  in  1511,  and  Lord  Mayor  in 
1518.  Stow  observes,  "that  after  his  time  it  was  usual  to  knight 
the  Lord  Mayor  when  elected."* 

The  energetic  action  taken  by  Thomas  Cromwell  in  the  progress 
of  the  Reformation  may  be  judged  by  the  following  extract  from 
Stow's  Chronicle,  September,  1538.f  "Thomas  Cromwell,  Lord 
Privy  Seal,  Vicegerent,  to  the  King's  Highness,  sent  forth  In- 
junctions to  all  bishops  and  curates  throughout  the  realm,  charging 
them  to  see  that  in  every  parish  church,  the  Bible,  of  the  largest 
volume,  printed  in  English,  were  placed,  for  all  men  to  read  on, 
and  that  a  book  of  register  were  also  provided  and  kept  in  every 
parish  church,  wherein  shall  be  written  every  wedding,  christening, 
and  burying  within  the  same  parish  for  ever."  Arms  :  Sa.  a  lion 
rampant,  argent.  The  crest,  a  demi-lion,  rampant,  double  tailed, 
argent.  In  his  dexter  gamb  a  gem  ring,  or. 

THOMAS  BENOLTE. 

Thomas  Benolte,  Clarenceux  King  at  Arms,  appears  to  have 
been  of  foreign  extraction.  At  the  time  of  his  appointment  he  was 
in  Spain  to  proclaim  war  against  Charles  V.  At  his  return  he 


*  Stem's  Survey,  vol.  ii.  p.  224.  f  Pp.  574-5. 

R  2 


244  "  Worthies"  connected  with  St.  Helen's. 

consented  that  his  commission  should  be  the  same  as  his  pre- 
decessor had  accepted,  empowering  Garter  King  at  Arms  jointly 
with  him  to  grant  arms,  and  do  other  things  belonging  to  his 
province.*  In  1516  he  was  sent  to  Scotland  to  confirm  the  truce 
for  one  year.  It  is  stated  that  he  was  placed  there  as  a  spy  upon 
the  conduct  of  the  Regent  Albany.  King  Henry  sent  him  in 
1519  to  the  Courts  of  France,  Burgundy,  Germany,  and  Italy  to 
proclaim  the  jousts  intended  to  be  solenmized  by  the  Kings  of 
England  and  France,  between  Ardres  and  Guisnes,  which  he 
attended  in  1520.  The  following  year  he  went  to  Scotland,  and  in 
1522  was  sent  thither  again,  to  accuse  the  Duke  of  Albany,  Regent 
of  that  kingdom,  of  a  design  to  marry  the  Queen  Mother  and 
usurp  the  Crown,,  and  to  defy  him  if  he  did  not  immediately  leave 
the  realm.  He  was  joined  with  Sir  Francis  Pointz,  Knt.,  in  a 
commission  to  go  to  Spain  in  1526,  to  demand  half  the  ransom 
which  the  Emperor  Charles  V.  had  received  for  setting  Francis  I. 
of  France  at  liberty,  whom  the  Spanish  General  had  taken  prisoner 
at  the  Battle  of  Pavia ;  and  to  demand  that  one  of  the  two  sons 
of  that  monarch  pledged  as  hostages  for  the  payment,  should  be 
sent  to  England.  In  the  following  year  he  went  with  Guienne, 
King  at  Arms  for  France,  to  defy  and  carry  the  lie  to  the  Emperor 
and  bid  him  combat.  They  found  the  Court  at  Burgos,  and 
having  obtained  leave  of  audience,  were  admitted  to  the  presence 
of  the  Emperor,  who  was  surrounded  with  his  princes  and  nobles, 
at  about  nine  o'clock  in  the  morning  of  January  27th.  They 
entered  bareheaded,  with  tabards  hanging  upon  their  right  arms. 
Having  permission  to  deliver  their  message,  with  assurance  of 
safe  conduct  to  the  confines  of  France,  Clarenceux  defied  his 
Majesty,  in  the  name  of  his  Royal  Master,  by  sea  and  land,  and 
delivered  to  him  the  lie  in  writing,  signed  Clarenceux,  King  at 
Arms,  and  having  received  the  Emperor's  answer  to  the  alleged 
provocation  of  having  arrested  and  detained  the  Pope  and  the 
Sacred  College  of  Cardinals,  took  his  tabard  and  put  it  on  his 
body.  The  same  ceremonies  were  observed  by  Guienne,  who 
defied  the  Emperor  in  his  sovereign's  name.  On  his  return  to 


*  The  earliest  commission  known  for  an  Heraldic  Yisitation  was  that 
given  to  Benolte  in  1528-9,  empowering  him  to  visit  the  counties  of 
Gloucester,  Worcester,  Oxford,  Wilts,  Berks,  and  Stafford.— Coll.  of  Arms, 
Appendix,  xxi. 


Antonio  Bonvisi.  245 

England  Clarenceux  was  very  near  suffering  undeserved  disgrace, 
the  King  being  exasperated  at  his  declaring  war,  and  the  Council 
threw  all  the  blame  upon  him.  In  this  dilemma  he  went  to 
Hampton  Court,  and  by  the  frieudship  of  Sir  Nicholas  Carew  had 
a  private  audience  of  his  Majesty,  and  producing  his  instructions, 
signed  by  Cardinal  Wolsey,  exculpated  himself,  the  King  properly 
transferring  his  indignation  from  him  to  his  Minister. 

In  the  year  1529  Henry  gave  him  a  new  commission,  under 
the  Great  Seal,  inhibiting  Garter  and  all  others  from  interfering 
in  granting  arms  in  his  province.  He  was  deservedly  a  favourite 
with  this  monarch,  who  in  his  ninth  year  gave  him  a  grant  of  the 
bailiwick  of  St.  Botolph  and  the  duty  arising  from  weights  for  the 
term  of  his  natural  life,  and  in  his  thirteenth  year,  conferred  upon 
him  the  important  office  of  receiver  of  all  profits  belonging  to  the 
honours  and  castles,  appointed  to  pay  the  wages  of  all  captains, 
officers  and  soldiers  in  the  town  of  Berwick  and  in  several  other 
places,  and  likewise  gave  him  the  profits  and  revenues  of  the  town 
of  Berwick.  Some  of  his  services  abroad  have  been  noticed,  but 
it  appears  probable  that  he  was  engaged  in  many  others,  as  he  told 
Sir  Thomas  Wriothesley,  that  he  spent  more  time  abroad  than  at 
home.  He  died  in  1534,*  and  was  buried  in  St.  Helen's  Church 
under  the  effigies  of  himself  and  his  two  wives,  one  of  whom  was 
Mary,  daughter  of  Lawrence  Richards  alias  Fermour,  of  Minster 
Lovel,  in  Oxfordshire,  Esquire,  ancestor  of  the  Earls  of  Pomfret, 

by  whom  he  had  two  daughters,  Eleanor,  married  to Jones, 

of  Caerleon,  in  Monmouthshire  ;  and  Ann,  who  had  two  husbands, 
Sir  John  Radcliffe  and  Richard  Buckland.  Mr.  Beuolte's  other 
wife  is  not  mentioned. 

ANTONIO  BONVISI. 

Antonio  Bonvisi,  an  Italian  gentleman,  born  at  Lucca,  resided 
many  years  in  London.  He  came  to  England  about  1505.  The 
Bonvisi  family,  from  which  many  Cardinals  and  other  distin- 
guished personages  had  proceeded,  were,  in  fact,  very  famous  in 
England  at  this  period,  and  seem  to  have  been  friends  of  the 
Gresham  family,  with  whom  they  were  at  different  times  associated 


*  In  the  partition  fees  is  10Z.  at  St.  George's  Day,  1534,  "  Mr.  Clarenceux 
Thomas  Benolte  absent,  seke,  and  dyed  the  8th  of  Maie,  next  ensuing,  on 
whose  soule  God  have  mercie." 


246  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helen's. 

in  public  business.  Antonio  Bonvisi,  however,  far  excelled  his 
relatives,  both  in  personal  endowments  and  fortuitous  advantages. 
In  1542  Bonvisi  bought  Crosby  Place  of  Sir  Thomas  More,  and 
had  it  afterwards  bestowed  on  him  by  Henry  VIII. ,*  and  resided 
there  for  many  years.  He  will  be  remembered  with  interest  for 
the  extraordinary  affection  borne  him  by  Sir  Thomas  More.  The 
latter,  during  his  confinement  in  the  Tower,  a  short  time  previous 
to  his  execution,  being  deprived  of  the  use  of  writing  materials, 
made  shift  with  a  coal  to  unburthen  his  heart  to  Bonvisi,  and  sent 
him  a  Latin  epistle  full  of  tender  eloquence.  He  is  said  to  have 
assisted  Sir  Thomas  More  with  many  conveniences  while  he  was 
a  prisoner.  He  afterwards  retired  to  Louvain — having  been  ex- 
cepted  out  of  the  general  pardon  of  Edward  VI.,  A.D.  1552 — where 
his  house  was  open  to  all  the  English  that  resorted  thither,  in  the 
beginning  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  reign. 

NICHOLAS  HAEPSFIELD.f 

Nicholas  Harpsfield,  brother  to  Dr.  John  Harpsfield,  Bishop 
Bonner's  chaplain,  was  first  educated  in  Winchester  School,  and 
thence  sent  to  New  College,  Oxford,  where  he  was  admitted 
Fellow  in  1536.  Having  chiefly  distinguished  himself  in  the 
Canon  Law,  in  1544  he  was  chosen  Principal  of  an  ancient  house 
of  civilians  called  Whitehall,  upon  the  site  whereof  Jesus  College 
was  afterwards  erected.  In  1546  he  was  made  Royal  Professor 
of  Greek,  and  in  1553,  the  first  year  of  Queen  Mary,  having 
taken  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Law,  had  considerable  practice  iii 
the  Court  of  Arches.  In  1 554  he  was  made  Archdeacon  of  Canter- 
bury, in  the  place  of  Edmund  Cranmer,  who  was  deprived  on 
account  of  his  marriage,  and  took  a  very  prominent  part  in  the 
trial  of  Archbishop  Cranmer  at  Oxford,  in  1555.  When  Queen 
Elizabeth  obtained  the  crown,  he  was  one  of  the  divines  called 
upon  to  defend  the  Papist  cause  in  a  conference ;  and  afterwards, 
refusing  to  submit  to  the  Queen's  injunctions,  he  was  deprived  of 
his  preferments  and  committed  to  the  Tower,  where  he  remained 
above  twenty  years,  and  died  in  1583.  He  spent  the  time  of  his 
confinement  to  the  benefit  of  his  own  party,  and  his  life  was  in 


*  See  Stow's  Survey,  vol.  i.  p.  435. 

f  See  Strype's  Annals  of  the  Beformation,  vol.  i.  pp.  139,  40 ;  vol.  iv.  pp. 
600,  607.  Memorials  of  Archbishop  Cranmer,  pp.  24,  472.  Life  of  Arch- 
bishop Parker,  vol.  i.  p.  103.  Ed.  Oxon.  1812-28. 


Sir  Andrew  Judde.  247 

accordance  with  his  character.     He  was  an  excellent  Grecian,  poet, 
and  historian. 

SIR  ANDREW  JUDDE. 

Thomas  Chichele    =      Agnes,  Daughter 

of  of 

Higham  Ferrers        |      William  Pyncheon 


Henry  Chichele  Eobert  Chichele      =Amy,  Daughter  William  Chichele 

Archbishop  of  Canterbury         Lord  Mayor  of  London  i  of  —  Apulderfleld         Sheriff  of  London 


Valentine  Chiche    =    Phillippa 

j.  -,_-**- 

Thomas  Kemp=Emmeline  John  Judde— Margaret  Cloville 

|  born  Chiche 

Thomas  Judde  John  Judde  Andrew  Judde. 

Sir  Andrew  Judde,  Knight,  was  born  at  Tunbridge,  in  Kent. 
His  ancestors  are  stated  to  have  been  returned  by  the  Com- 
missioners in  the  reign  of  Henry  VI.  among  the  principal 
gentry  flourishing  in  that  county  in  1434.  Sir  Andrew  inherited 
from  his  father  some  considerable  estates  between  Tunbridge  Town 
and  Tunbridge  Wells.  His  mother  was  a  member  of  a  Kentish 
family  (Chiche)  of  great  antiquity.  She  was  twice  married.  Her 
first  husband  was  Henry  Colville,  Esq.  of  Colville  Hall,  in  Essex — a 
person  of  note  and  large  property  in  that  county.  The  Chiches 
were  seated  at  Goodneston,  near  Faversham,  in  Kent.  Thomas 
Chiche  is  mentioned  in  Philpof  s  Survey  as  being  a  great  bene- 
factor to  the  Church  of  St.  Mary  Bredin,  in  Canterbury.  His 
name,  effigies,  and  coat  of  arms  are  still  to  be  seen  in  stonework. 
He  was  bailiff  of  Canterbury  (the  same  officer  as  mayor  at  present) 
in  1259.  His  grandson  was  Sheriff  of  Kent  in  the  15th  year  of 
Richard  II.,  and  was  grandfather  of  Valentine  Chiche,  who 
married  Phillippa,  daughter  and  heiress  of  Sir  Robert  Chichele, 
next  brother  of  Henry  Chichele,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  the 
munificent  founder  of  All  Souls'  College,  Oxford.  He  was  "  Lord 
Mayor  of  London,  both  in  the  years  1411  and  1421."* 

Of  Sir  Andrew  Judders  two  brothers  nothing  is  known,  except 
that  Thomas  was  a  Fellow  of  All  Souls'  College.  It  is  probable 
that  the  family  is  extinct  in  the  male  line,  as  from  the  fact  of  all 
the  kin  of  the  founder  of  All  Souls  being,  until  the  last  few  years, 
entitled  to  the  very  desirable  fellowships  of  that  College,  claims 
must  in  recent  times  have  been  made  to  them  by  some  branches 
of  it  (if  any  had  existed),  which,  however  remote,  must  have  been 

*  See  Hasted's  History  of  Kent,  vol.  iii.  p.  814. 


248  "  Worthies9  connected  with  St.  Helen's. 

allowed,  and  none  appear  to  have  been  preferred  by  any  persons 
of  the  name  of  Judde. 

Being  destined  to  commercial  life,  Sir  Andrew  was  in  early 
youth  sent  to  London,  where  he  acquired  a  splendid  fortune  by  a 
most  extensive  trade  in  furs — an  article  at  that  time  in  great  re- 
quest. He  served  the  office  of  Sheriff  of  London  in  1544,  and  of 
Lord  Mayor  in  1550,  during  which  he  displayed  a  princely  mag- 
nificence and  hospitality  at  his  house  in  Bishopsgate  Street,  situ- 
ated, according  to  Stow,  ' '  somewhat  to  the  west  of  Sir  Thomas 
Gresham's."*'  At  this  period  the  sweating  sickness  visited  England 
for  the  last  time,  and  carried  off  great  numbers  of  persons  of  all  ranks. 
During  his  Mayoralty,  also,  in  consideration  of  the  sum  of  6i7l. 
£*.  Id.,  the  City  obtained  a  charter,  by  which  they  became  entitled 
to  the  manor,  &c.,  of  Southwark,  and  in  consideration  of  500 
marks,  the  assize  of  bread,  wine,  beer,  and  ale,  and  a  fair  for  three 
days ;  also  the  office  of  Coroner  and  Clerk  of  the  Market  were  for 
ever  vested  in  the  Lord  Mayor  for  the  time  being. 

The  necessities  of  Edward  VI.  having  compelled  him  to 
borrow  considerable  sums  of  money  from  Anthony  Fugger  and 
Nephews,  of  Antwerp,  the  Lord  Mayor  and  Corporation  were 
joined  as  collateral  security:  and  in  King  Edward's  Book  of 
Warrants  there  is  a  recognisance  granted  to  Sir  Andrew  Judde, 
Mayor  of  London  and  Commonalty  of  the  same,  that  the  King 
shall  discharge  them,  their  successors,  lands,  possessions,  and  goods 
whatsoever,  as  well  beyond  the  seas,  as  on  this  side,  for  the  pay- 
ment of  certain  sums  of  money  they  stood  bound  for,  to  Anthony 
Fugger  and  Nephews,  dated  April,  1551,  to  be  paid  at  Antwerp.f 

Sir  Andrew  was  greatly  in  favour  with  their  Majesties  Philip 
and  Mary,  particularly  for  his  spirited  conduct  during  Wyatt's 
rebellion.  Being  Lord  Deputy  and  Mayor  of  the  Staple  of  Calais,! 
he  received  Philip  when  he  passed  over  to  that  place  September  4, 
1555,  and  on  that  occasion  presented  his  Majesty  with  a  purse 
containing  a  thousand  marks  in  gold — a  most  liberal  offering  for 
those  times  from  an  individual.  Philip  lodged  that  night  at  the 
Staple  Inn,  at  Calais,  and  set  out  the  next  morning  to  visit  his 
father,  the  Emperor  Charles  V.,  who  then  kept  his  Court  at 
Brussels.  So  pleased  was  his  Majesty  with  his  reception  at  Calais 

*  The  same  house  "wherein  Sir  William  Holies  kept  his  Mayoralty." 
See  Stow's  Survey,  vol.  i.  p.  435. 

f  See  Strype's  Mem.  Eccl.,  vol.  ii.  pt.  2,  p.  242.  J  See  Appendix. 


Sir  Andrew  Judde.  249 

and  the  liberality  of  Sir  Andrew  Judde,  that,  previously  to  his  de- 
parture, he  gave  a  thousand  crowns  to  the  soldiers  of  that  place, 
and  displayed  every  mark  of  respect  for  the  pious  founder  of  Tun- 
bridge  School,  the  worthy  Skinner  of  London.* 

Sir  Andrew  died  September  4, 1558,  and  was  buried  with  great 
pomp  in  the  church  of  St.  Helen's.  His  funeral  was  adorned  with 
twelve  escutcheons  and  other  heraldic  ornaments  of  the  fashion  of 
that  day.  A  great  number  of  poor  men  in  new  mourning  gownj 
attended  the  procession,  and  two  heralds,  deputed  by  the  Earl 
Marshal,  preceded  the  corpse. 

Sir  Andrew  lived  universally  esteemed  and  died  equally 
lamented.  Among  many  things  recorded  to  his  honour,  it  is  men- 
tioned that  the  good  Sir  Thomas  Whyte — for  so  he  was  univer- 
sally named — a  Lord  Mayor  of  London  and  founder  of  St.  John's 
College,  Oxford,  loved  him.  In  the  statutes  of  St.  John's  College 
Sir  Thomas  Whyte  expressly  says,  "  I  give  one  of  my  Fellowships 
for  ever  to  Sir  Andrew  Judde's  newly-erected  School  at  Tunbridge. 
— Propter  eximium  amorem  in  Andream  Judde." 

Sir  Andrew  is  styled  in  the  old  documents  which  have  recorded 
his  history,  Citizen  Skinner,  and  Merchant  of  Muscovy.  The 
trade  to  Muscovy  for  furs  had  then  been  recently  commenced,  and 
had  become  the  source  of  great  emolument  to  the  merchants  of 
London  in  consequence  of  an  exclusive  patent  obtained  by  Queen 
Mary  from  the  Czar,  for  the  whole  trade  to  Muscovy,  to  which 
country  the  communication  had  been  lately  opened  by  the  dis- 
covery of  the  passage  to  Archangel. 

There  is  reason  to  believe  that  in  building  the  Alms  Houses  in 
Great  St.  Helen's,  t  Sir  Andrew  acted  only  as  the  Executor  of 

*  See  Holinshed's  Chronicles,  vol.  iv.  p.  80. 

f  SIR  ANDREW  JUDDE'S  ALMS-HOUSES: 
Great  St.  Helen's,  Bishopsgate  Street  Within. 

"  In  the  Historical  Collections  of  the  Nolle  Families  of  Cavendishe,  Holies, 
Vere,  Harley,  and  Ogle,  Ed.  Lond.  1752,  folio,  compiled  by  Arthur  Collins, 
there  is  a  passage  denying  that  this  charitable  establishment  was  in  reality 
founded  by  the  benevolent  and  magnificent  Citizen  whose  name  it  uniformly 
bears.  Its  original  design  and  endowment  are  there  attributed  to  the  testa- 
mentary directions  and  bequests  of  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John,  or  Thomas 
Scopeham,  and  wife  of  Sir  William  Hollys,  of  St.  Helen's,  Alderman  and 
Mercer,1  who  died  March  13th,  1543,  and  whose  last  Will  is  dated  Feb- 


1  "  The   Sir  William  Hollys  was  the  ancestor  of  the  noble  family  of 
Holies,  Dukes  of  Newcastle.     He  was  Sheriff  of  London  in  the  19th  Year  of 


250  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

Dame  Elizabeth  Hollys,  who  died  in  1554,  and  who  was  his  cousin 
and  the  widow  of  Sir  William  Hollys,  Lord  Mayor  of  London. 
She  left  sufficient  funds  to  build  the  Alms  Houses  and  to  endow 
them.  By  his  Will,  dated  Sept.  2,  1558,  a  short  time  only  before 


ruary  17th,  in  the  same  year,  and  the  Probate  March  28th,  1544.1  '  She 
therein  orders,'  says  Collins,  page  33,  '  her  body  to  be  bnried  in  the  same 
monument  with  that  of  her  husband,  Sir  William  Holly s,  in  the  Parish  of 
St.  Ellyn's,  London.  She  bequeaths,  beside  other  legacies  already  mentioned, 
to  her  brother, -Thomas  Scopeham  ;  100  marks.  To  Joan  Wedon,her  grand- 
daughter, 50L  ;  and  requires  her  Executors,  Andrew  Judde,  Alderman  of 
London,2  and  her  brother,  Thomas  Scopeham,  to  erect  six  Alms-houses,  for 
men  or  women,  in  the  said  Parish  of  St.  Elyn's,  and  endow  them  With  x  lib. 
per  annum ;  out  of  which  every  one  of  the  Alms-people  to  receive  7d.  weekly, 
and  the  remainder  to  buy  them  coals.  Which  alms-houses  were  accordingly 
erected;  yet  Stow  and  others8  attribute  the  work  wholly  to  Sir  Andrew 
Judde,  not  mentioning  this  pious  lady  who  was  the  true  founder  of  them. 
But  it  appears  clearly,  by  her  Will,  that  she  was  the  foundress  of  six  alms- 
houses,  which,  perhaps,  the  dishonesty  of  Sir  Andrew  Judde  hath  defrauded 
her  the  honour  of ;  our  histories  ascribing  them  only  to  himself.  However, 
Dugdale  in  his  Warwickshire,4  after  giving  his  relation  of  Coventr}r-Cross, 
hath  these  words :  '  And  having  thus  taken  notice  of  his  magnificence  in 

Henry  VIII.,  1527 ;  was  knighted  in  the  25th  of  the  same  Sovereign, 
1533-34;  was  elected  Mayor  of  London  on  St.  Edward's  day,  in  the  31st 
Year  of  the  same,  Oct.  13th,  1540 ;  and  died  in  October,  1542,  and  was 
buried  in  St.  Helen's.  The  beautiful  Cross  of  Cross-Cheaping  at  Coventry, 
was  erected  at  the  sole  expence  of  Sir  William  Hollys,  and  was  begun  in  the 
33rd  Year  of  Henry  VIII.,  1541,  and  finished  in  his  36th,  1544 ;  as  recorded 
in  a  MS.  Chronicle  of  Mayors  belonging  to  the  Corporation,  cited  by  Dug- 
dale  in  his  Antiquities  of  Warwickshire,  p.  143.  Ed.  Lond.  1730.  By  the 
Will  of  Sir  William  Hollys  [see  above,  pp.  236-9,  where  the  references  to 
St.  Helen's  are  only  noticed],  dated  Dec.  25th,  33rd  Henry  VIII.,  and  proved 
Dec.  18th,  1542,  registered  in  the  Prerogative  Office,  Spert,  Quire  14,  the  sum 
of  200?.  was  also  bequeathed  to  the  Mayor  and  Aldermen  of  Coventry,  to  make 
a  new  Cross :  of  which  201.,  in  ready  money,  had  been  delivered  to  Mr.  Warren, 
Draper,  in  that  City,  on  the  preceding  24th  August ;  70Z.  to  Mr.  Over,  by 
the  hands  of —  Salt,  Sir  William's  Bailiff  of  Yoxall;  and  the  remaining 
110Z.  were  to  be  paid  to  the  Corporation  within  one  year  after  the  Testator's 
decease. 

1  "  Eegister  in  the  Prerogative  Office,  Pynnyng,  Quire  5. 

2  "  Sir  Andrew  Judde  had  been  also  Executor  to  the  above  mentioned  Sir 
William  Hollys.     See  Sir  1ST.  H.  Nicolas'  Testamenta  Vetusta,  vol.  ii.  p.  710. 
Ed.   Lond.   1826.     They  had  likewise  held  their  Mayoralty  in  the   same 
'fair  house'  on  the  West  side  of  Gresham  College.     See  Stow's  Survey, 
vol.  i.  p.  435.    Ed.  Lond.  1754. 

3  "  Survey  of  London,  vol.  i.  p.  435. 

4  "  Antiquities  of  Warwickshire,  p.  145.    Ed.  Lond.  1730. 


Sir  Andrew  Judde.  251 

he  died,  he  directed  that  the  Master  and  Wardens  of  the  Skinners' 
Company  should  for  ever,  weekly,  pay  unto  the  six  poor  Almsmen 
inhabiting  in  his  Alms  House  within  the  close  of  St.  HeleYs,  for 
their  relief,  four  shillings,  that  is  to  say,  to  each  of  them  Eight  Pe.ice 

erecting  so  noble  a  monument,  I  hope  the  mention  of  his  lady's  charity, 
though  the  poor  of  London  were  the  object  thereof,  will  not  be  thought  im- 
pertinent, considering  that  it  is  not  elsewere  taken  notice  of.    Which  was, 
that,  by  her  testament  Six  Alms-houses,  &c.,  as  before  specified,  were  erected 
in  St.  Hellen's  Parish,  by  Andrew  Judde,  Alderman  of  London,  &c.     How- 
beit  it  hath  hitherto  not  been  publicly  known  that  she  was  the  foundress ; 
forasmuch  as  Stow  and  others  do  attribute  the  work  wholly  to  the  same  Sir 
Andrew  Judde,  passing  by  this  pious  lady  without  any  memorial  for  the  same.'1 
"  It  is  generally  stated  that  Sir  Andrew  Judde  established  these  Alms- 
houses  and  his  celebrated  Free-School  at  Tunbridge,  under  the  authority  of 
the  same  Letters-patent,  dated  May  16th,  in  the  7th  Year  of  Edward  VI., 
1553  ;  but,  independently  that  such  an  instrument  was  probably  not  required 
for  the  foundation  in  St.  Helen's,  the  record  of  the  original  license  for  that 
School  in  the  Eolls  Chapel,  contains  no  reference  to  the  former  charity. 
Whether  Sir  Andrew  were  the  actual  founder  of  this  establishment  or  not,  it 
is  evident,  by  the  ensuing  extract  from  his  Will,  that  he  considered  himself 
as  such ;  and  that  he  at  least  augmented  the  original  endowment  of  the 
members,  and  vested  the  funds  and  government  in  the  Company  of  Skinners 
of  London.     This  instrument  is  dated  September  2nd,  1558,  and  was  proved 
the  following  October  15th ;  and  is  recorded  in  the  register  of  the  Prerogative 
Office,  58  Noodes,  Quire  22. 

"  '  Also  I  will  that  the  said  Master  and  Wardens,  for  the  time  being,  shall 
for  ever  weekly  pay,  or  cause  to  be  paid,  unto  the  Six  poor  Alms-men  inha- 
bitants in  my  Aims-Houses  within  the  Close  of  St.  Helen's  aforesaid,  for  their 
relief,  4s. ;  that  is  to  say,  to  every  one  of  them  8d.,  weekly :  and  I  will  the 


1  In  the  account  of  the  Charitable  foundations  belonging  to  the  Skinners' 
Company,  contained  in  the  Eighth  Report  of  the  Commission  appointed 
to  enquire  concerning  Charities,  page  359,  it  is  stated  that  "it  appears 
that  there  are  Alms-houses  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Helen,  which  are  called 
Sir  Andrew  Judde's"  In  Little  St.  Helen's,  Bishopsgate  Street,  on  the  site 
of  which  the  present  St.  Helen's  Place  is  erected,  there  also  stood  seven 
Alms-houses  for  poor  Widows  of  Members  of  the  Company  of  Leather  sellers, 
the  original  institutor  of  which  appeared  formerly  to  be  in  as  much  obscurity 
as  that  of  the  present  establishment ;  as  Edward  Hatton  in  his  New  View  of 
London,  vol.  ii.  p.  746,  Ed.  Lond.  1708,  says,  "  the  founder's  name  the  clerks 
think  fit  to  conceal,  for  some  reasons,  I  suppose,  best  known  to  themselves." 
The  Alms-houses,  however,  were  endowed  out  of  a  donation  made  to  the 
Company  for  that  purpose,  called  "  Hasilwood's  Gift"  mentioned  in  the  Will 
of  John  Hasilwood,  dated  Jan.  16th,  1544,  amounting  to  300L  sterling,  a 
silver  bason  and  ewer,  valued  at  20  marks  (13?.  6s.  8d.),  a  cup  valued  at  61., 
and  llf  cwt.  of  lead.  Farther  Report  (Tenth)  of  the  Commissioners  ap- 
pointed to  enquire  concerning  Charities,  dated  28th  June,  1823.  Page  242. 


252  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

weekly,  and  that  the  same  be  paid  every  Sunday  by  the  Renter 
Warden  of  the  said  Company,  who  was  to  have  for  his  pains  Ten 
Shillings  yearly.  The  Alms  Houses  consist  of  two  apartments 
for  each  of  six  old  men  who  receive  the  above  allowance  quarterly, 


same  to  be  paid  every  Sunday  in  the  year,  by  the  hands  of  the  Rent- Warden 
of  the  said  Company  of  Skynners  for  the  time  being.  And  I  will  that  the 
said  Rent-Warden  for  his  pains  to  be  taken  in  and  about  the  payment  of  the 
said  Six  Alms-men,  as  is  aforesaid,  shall  have  yearly  out  of  the  rents  and 
profits  of  the  premises  10s.  And  farther  I  will  that  the  Rent-Warden  of  the 
said  Company  of  Skynners,  shall  bestow  yearly  out  of  the  rents  and  profits 
of  the  said  premises  25s.  4c?.  upon  Coals ;  which  Coals  so  bought,  I  will  shall 
be  yearly  distributed  and  divided,  by  the  said  Rent- Warden,  to  and  amongst 
the  said  Six  Alms-men,  for  their  farther  relief  and  comfort.  And  I  will  the 
residue  of  all  the  rents,  issues,  and  profits,  yearly  coming  and  growing  of  the 
said  messuages,  tenements,  lands,  gardens,  and  other  the  premises  bequeathed 
to  the  said  Master  and  Wardens,  shall  be  employed  by  the  said  Master  and 
Wardens  for  the  time  being,  upon  the  needful  reparations  of  the  messuage 
or  tenements  aforesaid ;  and  the  overplus  thereof  remaining  I  will  shall  be 
to  the  use  and  behoof  of  the  said  Company  of  Skynners  to  order  and  dispose 
at  their  wills  and  pleasures.' 

"  As  there  is  not  any  distinction  between  the  property  left  for  the  support 
of  the  Tunbridge  School  and  that  intended  for  these  Alms-houses, — a 
description  of  the  whole  as  given  in  another  part  of  the  same  Testament, 
will  be  found  in  the  notices  of  the  life  and  principal  charitable  establishment 
of  Sir  Andrew  Judde,  attached  to  the  Engraving  of  his  Monument  in  St. 

Helen's  Church Forty  years  after  his  decease  the  Alms-houses  in 

St.  Helen's  received  an  additional  endowment  by  the  Will  of  Alice,  his 
only  surviving  daughter  and  heiress,  who  was  married  to  Thomas 
Smythe,  Esq.,  of  Westenhanger  in  Kent,  Farmer  of  the  Customs  under 
the  Queens  Mary  and  Elizabeth.  That  instrument  is  dated  July  10th, 
1592,  and  was  proved  May  12th,  1598 ;  it  is  recorded  in  the  register  of  the 
Prerogative  Office,  42  Lewyn,  and  the  passage  relating  to  this  establishment 
is  as  follows  : — 

"  '  Item.  I  will  that  of  the  first  money  that  afterward  shall  come  to  the 
hands  of  my  Executors,  that  they  do  bestow,  with  all  convenient  expedition, 
so  much  upon  the  purchase  of  lands,  as  will  buy  to  the  value  of  151.  per 
annum,  at  the  least,  of  estate  of  inheritance  in  fee-simple  ;  which  I  will  to 
be  conveyed  and  assured  to  the  Company  or  Corporation  of  the  Skinners  of 
London,  and  their  successors,  for  this  intent :  That  after  such  assuring  shall 
be  passed  to  the  same  Corporation,  whom  I  put  in  trust  for  it,  I  will  that  of 
the  said  15?.  per  annum,  to  be  purchased  as  aforesaid,  there  shall  be  bestowed 
and  given  to  them  the  sum  of  ten  pounds  and  eight  shillings  per  annum,  to 
the  increasing  of  the  pensions  of  the  Five  poor  Alms-houses  in  Great  St. 
Helen's  founded  ly  Sir  Andrew  Judde,  my  Father  ;l  to  wit,  to  every  such 


1  "In  Stow's  abstract  of  this  Will  given  in  Strype's  edition  of  the 
Survey  of  London,  vol.  i.  p.  435,  it  is  stated  that  the  bequest  was  '  for 


Sir  Andrew  Judde.  253 

amounting  to  Eight  Shillings  and  Eight  Pence  per  Quarter,  and 
in  addition  they  were  also  to  receive  at  the  same  time  another 
sum  of  Eight  Shillings  and  Eight  Pence  each,  being  a  donation 
to  them  under  the  Will  of  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Alice  Smythe,  dated 
July  10,  1592. 

By  a  resolution  of  the  Court  of  Assistants,  July  23,  1730,  the 
Company  added  to  the  above  donations  a  gift  of  Twenty-Four 


house  eight  pence  a  week.  Item.  Moreover  out  of  the  said  15Z.  per  annum 
of  lands  to  be  purchased,  I  will  to  be  given  the  sum  of  thirty  and  six  shillings 
per  annum  for  the  relief  of  three  poor  women  in  the  Parish  of  All  Saints  in 
Lombard  Street,  by  twelve  pence  a  piece,  every  month  to  be  paid  unto  them. 
And  for  that  purpose  the  Church  Wardens  of  the  same  Parish  for  the  time 
being  to  call  for  it  of  the  Wardens  of  the  Corporation  aforesaid.  Item. 
More  out  of  the  said  151  per  annum,  I  will  that  there  be  the  sum  of  twenty 
and  four  shillings  per  annum  paid  by  the  Wardens  of  the  said  Corporation 
to  the  Church- Wardens,  for  the  time  being,  of  the  Parish  Church  called 
Gabriel  Fen  Church,  in  London,  to  be  bestowed  upon  two  poor  women  of  the 
same  Parish,  having  most  need,  by  twelve  pence  a  month  to  each  of  them  : 
and  the  rest  and  residue  of  the  said  15L  per  annum  I  will  shall  be  bestowed 
by  the  Wardens  of  the  Corporation  aforesaid,  to  and  among  the  poor  of  the 
said  Corporation.' 

"In  the  statement  relating  to  this  Charity  given  by  the  Skinners' 
Company  in  answer  to  the  enquiries  of  the  Parliament  Commissioners,  it  is 
observed  concerning  the  above  bequest,  that '  there  is  nothing  in  the  books 
of  the  Company  to  show  that  any  such  purchase  or  conveyance  was  ever 
made,  as  directed  by  the  Will  of  Alice  Smith,  nor  does  it  appear  that  any 
annual  receipt  of  a  sum  of  15Z.  is  distinctly  applied  as  Mrs.  Alice  Smith's 
donation ;  but  the  several  payments  as  directed  by  the  Will  of  Mrs.  Alice 
Smith,  are,  in  fact,  made  by  the  Company.  They  pay  annually  the  sum  of 
II  16s.  to  the  Churchwardens  of  the  Parish  of  All  Saints/who  receive  the 
same  at  Skinners'  Hall ;  and  at  the  same  time  and  place  the  other  sum  of 
24s.  given  by  the  Will  to  the  Parish  of  St.  Gabriel,  is  paid  to  the  Church- 
wardens of  that  Parish.' l  The  present  benefactions  of  this  charity  as  related 
in  the  same  Eeport,  are  stated  to  be  8s.  Sd.  per  quarter,  to  each  pensioner, 
in  conformity  to  the  Will  of  Sir  Andrew  Judde ;  and  8s.  Sd.  paid  at  the 
same  time  under  the  Testament  of  Alice  Smith.  '  By  a  resolution  of  the 
Court  of  Assistants,'  continues  the  same  authority,  'on  the  23rd  July,  1730, 
the  Company  added  to  the  above  donations  a  gift  of  24L  per  annum,  out  of 
their  own  funds ;  and  another  of  54  Z.  12s.  per  annum,  was  resolved  to  be 
given  to  the  Alms-house,  by  an  order  of  Court,  dated  20th  April,  1792,  being 


the  augmenting  of  the  pensions  of  certain  poor,  inhabiting  in  eight  Alms- 
houses  erected  by  Sir  Andrew  Jud,  Knt.,  her  father.' 

1  "  Farther  Report  (Eighth)  of  the  Commissioners  for  enquiring  con- 
cerning Charities,  dated  13th  July,  1822  :  City  of  London,  Chartered  Com- 
panies :  Skinners.  Pages  358,  359. 


254  "  Wort/ties'  connected  with  St.  Helen's. 

per  Annum  out  of  their  own  funds ;  and  another  addition  of  Fifty- 
Four  Pounds  Twelve  Shillings  per  Annum  was  resolved  to  be 
given  to  the  Alms  House  by  an  order  of  Court  dated  April  20, 
1792,  making  the  total  yearly  amount  99^.  8*.,  but  the  money 
given  by  the  Company  is  understood  to  depend  entirely  on  their 
own  pleasure. 

together  781.  12s.,  and  making  the  amount  of  the  total  yearly  sum  enjoyed  by 
the  alms-people  99Z.  8s. ;  but  the  money  given  by  the  Company  out  of  their 
own  purse  is  understood  to  depend  entirely  on  their  own  pleasure.  The 
Company  also  take  the  repairs  upon  themselves,  the  expense  of  which  is 
defrayed  out  of  their  own  funds.'  In  satisfaction  of  the  sum  of  25s.  4d. 
directed  by  Sir  Andrew  Judde's  "Will  to  be  laid  out  in  coals,  '  the  Company 
give  one  chaldron  of  coals  to  each  alms-man,  annually;  which,  of  course, 
must  greatly  exceed  the  amount  given  by  the  Will.' '  The  inhabitants  of 
the  Alms-house  consist  of  poor  and  aged  freemen  of  the  Skinners'  Company, 
appointed  by  the  Court  of  Assistants  as  vacancies  occur. 

"  A  small  Ground-plan  exists  showing  the  presumed  site  of  the  original 
Alms-houses,  as  it  appears  to  be  indicated  in  the  large  four-sheet  Map  of 
London  by  Eadulphus  Aggas,  about  the  year  1560 ;  wherein  at  '  St.  Elen's' 
is  shown  a  line  of  small  low  buildings,  under  a  connected  roof,  with  a  centre 
house  having  a  gable-front  rising  above  them.  But  whatever  might  be  the 
original  site  and  form  of  these  dwellings,  as  they  stood  considerably  beyond 
the  extent  of  the  ravages  of  the  Great  Fire,  they  remained  until  they  fell 
into  decay  with  years ;  and  in  1729  the  Skinners'  Company  erected  the 
present  Alms-house,  on  the  west  of  the  former,  and  on  the  north  side  of  the 
approach  to  Great  St.  Helen's  from  Bishopgate  Street,  opposite  the  back  of 
Crosby  Hall.  It  seems  probable  that  this  spot  immediately  adjoined  to  the 
old  buildings,  and  that  it  was  fixed  there  that  the  pensioners  might  remain 
undisturbed  until  the  new  Alms-house  were  quite  completed.  In  its  arrange- 
ments the  increased  value  of  the  ground  on  which  it  stands  is  made  par- 
ticularly evident,  since  the  Alms-men  are  placed  in  distinct  apartments  and 
floors  only,  instead  of  separate  dwellings.  The  rooms  are  six  in  number, 
three  on  each  side  of  the  door-way  and  passage  in  the  centre ;  and  consist  of 
a  bed-chamber  and  sitting-room  for  each  person,  with  closets  and  other  con- 
veniences. Upon  entering,  the  doors  of  the  apartments  on  the  ground-floor 
are  on  the  right  and  left  of  the  passage,  and  those  to  the  upper-chambers 
are  from  the  landings  of  staircases  ascending  from  the  back  part  of  the 
house,  communicating  with  a  paved  yard  behind.  The  apartments  of  the 
basement-story  are  used  for  coal-cellars." 


1  "  In  1512  a  chaldron  of  the  best  coals  was  sold  for  5s.,  and  an  inferior 
kind  at  4s.  2d. ;  and  in  1551  a  load  of  coals  was  12s.  It  is  observed  by  Dr. 
William  Fleetwood,  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph,  in  his  very  curious  Chronicon 
Preciosum,  p.  95,  Ed.  Lond.  1745,  that  '  whenever  you  meet  with  coals,  in 
old  accounts,  you  are  to  understand  thereby  charcoal,  not  seacoal ;  which 
has  not  been  in  common  (as  well  as  I  can  guess)  150  years ;  at  least  not  in 
London  :  though  I  find  them  in  M.Paris,  under  the  name  of  Carbo  Marinus, 


Sir  Andrew  Judde.  255 

It  further  appears  by  the  abovementioned  Will  that  the  sum 
of  Twenty-Five  Shillings  and  Four  Pence  was  directed  to  be  laid 
out  in  Coals  for  the  further  relief  of  the  said  Alms  people.  The 
Company,  however,  give  one  ton  of  Coals  to  each  Almsman 
annually,  which  of  course  greatly  exceeds  the  Amount  given  by 
the  Will. 

Sir  Andrew  Judde  was  three  times  married, but  no  particulars  are 
known  of  his  first  or  second  wife.  His  third,  Mary,  who  was  the 
heiress  of  Sir  Thomas  Mirfyn,*  Lord  Mayor  of  London  in  1518, 
survived  him  upwards  of  forty  years.  He  had  two  sons,  John  and 
Richard  (both  of  whom  died  without  issue),  and  one  daughter,  Alice, 
who  inherited  her  father's  wealth.  Dame  Mary  Judde  married, 
secondly,  James  Altham,  Esq.,  of  Mark  Hall,  in  Latton,  Essex. 
He  was  Sheriff  of  London  in  1577,  of  Essex  in  1570,  and  died  in 
1585.  His  widow  erected  a  stately  tomb  for  him  in  Latton 
Church,  and  died  at  an  advanced  age  in  1602.  She  appears  to 
have  been  animated  with  the  same  spirit  of  benevolence  that  dis- 
tinguished her  first  husband.  During  her  widowhood  she  estab- 
lished and  endowed  an  excellent  institution  for  the  industrious 
poor  at  Colchester,  the  benefits  of  which  are  still  enjoyed :  it  is 
styled  The  Lady  Judde's  Charity. 

Alice  Judde  married  Thomas  Smythe,  Esq.  (of  an  ancient 
Wiltshire  family),  who  in  1562  settled  at  Westenhanger,  in  the 
parish  of  Stanford  in  Kent.  The  mansion-house  was  a  magnificent 
structure.  Thomas  Smythe  possessed  very  extensive  property, 
which  he  largely  increased  by  his  marriage.  His  wife  possessed 
the  bounteous  disposition  of  her  family.  By  her  Will  she  gave  to 
the  Almsmen  in  St.  Helen's,  as  has  been  already  mentioned,  lands  to 
the  value  then  of  15/.  per  annum,  but  which  now  produce  a 
handsome  income.  She  also  gave  some  considerable  legacies  to 
various  charitable  uses ;  among  others,  to  the  support  of  scholars 
at  the  Universities. 


in  the  time  of  H.  III.  in  Additament.'  In  1512  seacoal  appears  to  have 
been  little  used,  since  the  main  stratum  was  not  then  arrived  at,  and  many 
complained  that  it  would  not  burn  without  wood ;  and  in  the  seventeenth 
century  the  consumption  of  it  was  confined  to  blacksmiths  and  poorer  per- 
sons, who  could  not  afford  to  procure  wood." 

*  See  above,  p.  67,  and  the  account  of  Eichard  Cromwell,  who  married 
Frances,  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Mirfyn,  above,  p.  243. 


256  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

Thomas  Smythe  and  Alice  Judde  were  the  parents  of  twelve 
children — six  sons  and  six  daughters.  The  eldest  son,  Sir  John, 
was  Sheriff  of  Kent  in  the  42nd  of  Elizabeth:  he  died  in  1608, 
leaving  an  only  son,  Thomas,  who  was  made  a  Knight  of  the  Bath 
in  1625,  and  created  a  Peer  of  Ireland  by  the  title  of  Viscount 
Strangford  in  1628,  from  whom  the  present  Viscount  Strangford 
is  the  direct  lineal  descendant. 

The  second  son,  Sir  Thomas  Smythe,  was  Governor  of  the 
Company  trading  to  the  East  Indies  and  Treasurer  for  the  Colony 
of  Virginia.  He  was  Ambassador  also  to  the  Court  of  Russia, 
and  served  the  office  of  Sheriff  of  London  in  1600.  He  died  in 
1625,  and  left  estates  for  the  benefit  of  Tunbridge  School;  be- 
queathed bread  to  the  poor  of  Tunbridge,  which  is  still  distributed 
to  them  weekly;  besides  bread,  money,  and  cloth  for  wearing 
apparel,  to  be  given  by  the  hands  of  the  Master  and  Wardens  of 
the  Skinners'  Company  every  year  for  ever  on  the  day  of  their 
annual  visitation. 

Alice,  one  of  the  daughters  of  Thomas  Smythe  and  Alice  Judde, 
married  Sir  Christopher  Hatton,  by  whom  she  was  mother  to 
Christopher  Lord  Hatton,  from  whom  the  Earl  of  Winchilsea  is 
descended. 

By  his  Will,  executed  September  2,  1558,  a  short  time  only 
before  he  died,  Sir  Andrew  Judde  devised  certain  lands  and 
houses  to  the  Skinners'  Company,  "  for  the  perpetual  maintenance 
of  the  School  that  he  had  erected  at  Tunbridge."  Among  his 
estates  are  the  "  Sandhills,"  formerly  demised,  at  a  small  rent, 
to  the  Dukes  of  Bedford,  but  now  let  on  building  leases  for  long 
terms.  Judd  Place  (East  and  West),  Tunbridge  Place,  Burton 
Crescent,  Mabledon  Place ;  Bidborough,  Hadlow,  Speldhurst,  and 
Leigh  Streets,  and  many  others,  are  situated  on  this  property. 
For  a  long  period  this  property,  ample  as  it  has  now  become, 
yielded  an  income  little  more  than  sufficient  to  defray  the  specific 
charges  made  upon  it  by  the  Founder's  Will.  During  the  time 
that  the  surplus  rents  were  comparatively  small,  it  was  unimpor- 
tant whether  the  Skinners'  Company  held  this  property  under  the 
Will  or  as  Governors  of  the  School  under  Fisher's  deed  (whom  Sir 
Andrew  had  appointed  a  Trustee)  ;  but  when  the  building  leases 
upon  the  property  at  St.  Pancras  (about  30  Acres)  and  the  im- 
provements in  Leadenhall  Market  raised  the  revenue  to  some 


Sir  William  Pickering.  257 

thousands  per  annum,  it  became  necessary  to  decide  this  question, 
because  in  the  former  case  the  surplus  rents  were  applicable  to 
the  general  purposes  of  the  Company,  but  in  the  latter  to  the 
purposes  of  the  School  exclusively.  The  words  of  the  Charter, 
which  was  granted  by  King  Edward  VI.  in  the  7th  year  of  his 
reign  (1553)  are — "And  we  will,  and  by  these  presents  ordain, 
that  all  the  issues,  rents,  and  revenue  of  all  the  lands,  tenements, 
and  possessions  hereafter  to  be  given  and  assigned  towards  the 
support  of  the  School  aforesaid,  from  time  to  time,  shall  be  con- 
verted to  the  support  of  the  Master  and  Usher  of  the  School 
aforesaid  for  the  time  being,  and  to  the  reparation  of  the  said 
lands  and  tenements,  and  not  otherwise,  nor  to  any  other  uses  or 
intents."  The  cause  was  heard  before  the  Vice  Chancellor,  who 
decided  that  the  Skinners'  Company  were  Trustees  for  the  benefit 
of  the  School,  and  the  Lord  Chancellor  confirmed  this  decision. 
A  scheme  was  directed  to  be  prepared  for  the  future  appropriation 
of  the  property  to  the  purposes  of  the  Foundation.  With  regard 
to  the  property  that  passed  by  the  Will  alone  to  the  Company, 
the  Lord  Chancellor  decided  that  the  Skinners'  Company  are 
entitled  "  to  order  and  dispose  of  the  overplus"  (subject  to  the 
charges  to  which  it  is  made  liable  by  the  Will),  in  the  terms  of  the 
devise  "  at  their  wills  and  pleasures." 

SIR  WILLIAM  PICKERING. 

"William  Pickering,  son  and  heir  of  William  Pickering, 
Knight-Marshal  to  Henry  VIII.,  was  born  about  1517,  and 
educated  at  Cambridge,  where  he  acquired  a  good  knowledge  of 
classical  literature,  but  does  not  appear  to  have  graduated.  He 
is  mentioned  as  one  of  the  eminent  Greek  scholars  here  who 
adopted  Cheke's  new  mode  of  pronouncing  that  language.  He 
served  Henry  VIII.  in  his  wars,  and  was  made  a  Knight  of  the 
Carpet  immediately  after  the  coronation  of  Edward  VI.  He  was 
despatched  to  France  as  resident  ambassador  in  1551.  Soon 
after  he  was  joined  in  the  commission  for  presenting  the  Garter 
to  Henry  II.  In  August  the  same  year  he  was  made  steward 
of  the  lordship  of  Sheriff-Hutton  in  Yorkshire,  and  constable 
of  the  Castle  there,  obtaining  also  a  grant  of  the  herbage 
and  poundage  of  the  Park  thereunto  belonging.  A  letter  from 
him  to  the  Privy  Council,  dated  Melun,  4th  Sept.  1551,  gives 


258  "  Worthies"  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

a  masterly  sketch  of  the  policy  of  France  and  England  at  that 
period  in  relation  to  the  great  enterprises  of  Charles  V.  and  the 
condition  of  Italy  and  the  Empire.  In  November,  1551,  Sir 
William  Pickering  was  joined  in  commission  with  Lord  Clinton 
for  the  negotiation  of  a  marriage  between  Edward  VI.  and  the 
Princess  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  the  King  of  France.  Queen 
Mary  on  her  accession  recalled  him  from  France,  but  afterwards 
sent  him  as  ambassador  to  King  Philip  in  Flanders,  and  he  was 
employed  in  mustering  3000  Germans,  whom  it  was  proposed  to 
add  to  the  English  army.  He  was  a  ripe  scholar,  of  elegant 
manners,  and  an  uncommonly  handsome  man  of  a  tall  stature 
and  dignified  presence,  so  that  in  the  early  part  of  Queen 
Elizabeth's  reign  he  was  very  commonly  mentioned  as  one 
whom  her  Majesty  was  likely  to  marry.  He  retired  from  the 
public  service  at  a  comparatively  early  period  of  his  life,  and 
during  the  remainder  of  his  days  applied  himself  to  literary 
pursuits.  He  had  an  estate  at  Oswald  Kirk,  Yorkshire,  and  a 
mansion  called  Pickering  House  in  the  parish  of  St.  Andrew 
Undershaft,  London,  where  he  died  4th  Jan.  1574-5."* 

SIR  JOHN  SPENCER. 

Sir  John  Spencer,  usually  called  "  Rich  Spencer/'  was  the  son 
of  Richard  Spencer,  of  "Waldingfield,  in  Suffolk.  Sir  John  was  an 
Alderman  and  Clothworker  of  London,  Sheriff  in  1583-4,  and 
elected  Lord  Mayor,  Michaelmas,  1594.  He  appears  to  have 
possessed  much  public  spirit,  loyalty,  and  patriotism,  and  though 
connected  with  many  of  the  leading  characters  of  the  Court,  was 
extremely  tenacious  of  the  rights  and  privileges  of  the  City.  The 
year  1594 — the  year  of  his  Mayoralty — was  one  of  great  scarcity, 
and  in  order  to  provide  against  a  dearth  in  the  City,  the  Companies 
were,  by  the  Lord  Mayor's  means,  ordered  to  buy,  each  of  them,  a 
certain  quantity  of  foreign  corn,  and  lay  it  up  in  their  granary  in 
the  Bridge  House.  Before  this  object  could  be  effected,  Sir  John 
Hawkins,  Admiral  of  the  Fleet,  required  the  Bridge  House  for  the 
laying  up  the  provisions  for  the  Navy,  and  the  ovens  also  there  for 
baking  their  ship  bread.  In  this  strait  Sir  John  sent  an  earnest 
message  to  the  Lord  Treasurer  Burleigh,  telling  him  that  they 


See  Athense  Cantabrig.,  vol.  i.  pp.  325-6.    Ed.  Lond.  1858. 


Sir  John  Spencer.  259 

could  not  spare  them,  and  praying  the  Lord  Treasurer's  good 
favour,  that  the  Granaries,  being  the  property  of  the  City,  might 
be  employed  for  their  use,  that  there  might  be  no  want  nor  outcry 
of  the  poor  for  bread,  or  else,  that  if  there  fell  out  a  greater  want 
or  dearth  than  there  was  at  that  time,  and  that  the  City  was 
unprovided,  his  Lordship  would  be  pleased  to  hold  him  excused. 

In  the  year  1595  the  tumultuous  proceedings  of  the  populace, 
who  drew  in  the  London  Apprentices  to  join  them,  produced  such 
repeated  and  alarming  riots,  that  it  was  thought  necessary  by  the 
Lord  Mayor  to  lay  the  case  before  the  Lord  Treasurer  for  her 
Majesty's  protection.  In  consequence  of  this,  on  the  4th  of 
July,  a  proclamation  was  issued,  wherein  her  Majesty  appointed  a 
Provost  Marshal  with  power  to  apprehend  all  rioters,  and  by  order 
of  martial  law  to  punish  them  accordingly.  Sir  Thomas  Wilford, 
who  was  appointed  Provost  Marshal,  patrolled  the  city,  with  a 
numerous  attendance  on  horseback,  armed  with  pistols,  and 
apprehended  many  of  the  rioters,  whom  he  took  before  the 
justices  for  their  examination.  On  the  22nd  July  they  were  tried 
at  Guildhall,  and  five  of  them  being  condemned,  were,  agreeably  to 
their  sentence,  executed  on  Tower  Hill  two  days  afterwards. 
This  example  had  the  desired  effect,  for  the  rest  were  so  intimi- 
dated that  they  immediately  dispersed,  and  peace  was  again 
restored  in  the  City. 

As  a  further  example  of  his  firmness,  it  being  reported  that 
the  Queen  intended  to  take  the  Recorder  into  her  service,  and  the 
Lord  Keeper  having  stated  that  her  Majesty  desired  the  Lord 
Mayor  to  send  to  her  the  names  of  such  persons  as  were  put  in 
nomination  for  that  office,  the  citizens  alarmed  at  such  an  extra- 
ordinary proceeding  nominated  only  one  person.  With  this 
nomination  Sir  John  Spencer,  in  a  letter  to  the  Lord  Treasurer, 
July  23,  1595,  stated  "  that  very  urgent  suit  was  made  in 
Common  Council  on  behalf  of  the  City,  whereof  I  thought  it  my 
duty  to  advertise  your  Lordship,  most  humbly  desiring  you  to  be 
a  means  that  we  may  herein  have  our  own  free  election,  according 
to  our  ancient  custome ;  and  for  mine  own  opinion  we  have  one 
born  and  dwelling  among  us  whom  we  have  great  experience  of, 
and  think  very  able  to  do  us  service ;  his  name  is  James  Altham, 
son  of  Mr.  Altharn,  late  of  Essex,  Esq. ;  he  is  a  bencher  of  Grays' 
Inn,  and  one  of  our  ordinary  sworn  Councillors  of  the  City,  well 

s  2 


260  "  Worthies"  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

acquainted  with  our  customs,  and  very  well  thought  of  for  his 

honesty  and  skill  in  law And  therefore  as  a  well  wilier 

to  the  City,   and  one  that  desireth  that  the  continual  business 
may  be  attended  to  as  it  ought,  I  am  as  far  as  I  may,  a  most 
earnest  and  humble  petitioner  to  your  good  Lordship  to  farther 
us  and    him  therein"  ......   There    was,  however,    no   new 

election,  for  Sir  J.  Crooke  continued  in  office  until  1603,  and  was 
then  succeeded  by  Sir  Henry  Montague,  afterwards  Earl  of 
Manchester. 

In  a  curious  pamphlet,  entitled  "  The  Vanity  of  the  Lives  and 
Passions  of  Men,  by  D.  Papillon,  Gent.,"  1651,  the  following 
remarkable  passage  occurs  from  a  private  record :  "  In  Queen 
Elizabeth's  days,  a  pirate  of  Dunkerk  laid  a  plot,  with  twelve  of 
his  mates,  to  carry  away  Sir  John  Spencer ;  which  if  he  had  done, 
fifty  thousand  pounds  had  not  redeemed  him.  He  came  over  the 
seas  in  a  shallop,  with  twelve  musketiers,  and  in  the  night  came 
into  Barking  Creek,  and  left  the  shallop  in  the  custody  of  six  of 
his  men,  and  with  the  other  six  came  as  far  as  Islington,  and 
there  hid  themselves  in  ditches,  near  the  path  in  which  Sir  John 
came  always  to  his  house;  but  by  the  providence  of  God,  Sir 
John  upon  some  extraordinary  occasion,  was  forced  to  stay  in 
London  that  night,  otherwise,  they  had  taken  him  away;  and 
they  fearing  they  should  be  discovered,  in  the  night  time  came  to 
their  shallop,  and  so  came  safe  to  Dunkerk  again." 

Sir  John's  country-house,  to  which  reference  is  here  made, 
was  Canonbury,  of  which  he  had  purchased  the  Manor  of  Thomas 
Lord  Wentworth  in  1570,  his  town  residence  being  at  Crosby 
Place,  which  he  had  bought  of  the  representatives  of  Antonio 
Bonvisi.  When  Sir  John  took  possession  of  Crosby  Place,  h3 
found  it  in  a  state  of  considerable  dilapidation.  In  this  noble 
mansion  he  is  said  to  have  lived  in  great  state,  and  here,  as  was 
then  the  civic  custom,  he  kept  his  Mayoralty. 

Sir  John  Spencer  had  by  his  lady,  Alice  Bromfield,  one  sole 
daughter  and  heiress,  Elizabeth,  of  whom  it  is  said  that  she  was 
carried  off  from  Canonbury  House  in  a  baker's  basket,  by  the  con- 
trivance of  William,  the  second  Lord  Compton,  to  whom  in  the 
year  1594  she  was  married.  There  is  a  tradition  that  the  Knight 
was  so  much  incensed  at  the  elopement  of  his  daughter  that  he 
totally  discarded  her,  until  a  reconciliation  took  place  through  the 


'   Sir  John  Spencer.  261 

kind  interposition  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  of  which  the  following 
graphic  description  is  taken  from  Chambers' fs  Edinburgh  Journal, 
April  16,  1842  :— 

"  Let  us  in  idea  go  back  two  centuries  and  a  half,  and  step  into 
the  presence-chamber  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  The  walls  are  hung  with 
rich  tapestry,  while  the  floor  is  strewed  with  fresh  hay.  At  the 
door  leading  to  the  queen's  apartments  stands  an  usher  dressed  in 
velvet,  with  a  gold  chain  around  his  neck,  the  badge  of  his  office. 
In  the  chamber  may  be  seen,  besides,  a  great  number  of  coun- 
cillors, officers  of  the  crown,  and  clergymen  of  high  rank — for  the 
queen,  after  giving  passing  audience  to  those  present,  proceeds  to 
chapel,  the  day  being  a  holiday  of  the  church. 

"  The  mid-doors  are  thrown  open,  and  the  coming  of  the  queen 
is  announced.  Gentlemen,  barons,  earls,  and  knights  of  the 
garter,  all  richly  dressed  and  bareheaded,  are  the  first  to  enter  the 
presence-chamber  from  her  apartments.  They  are  followed  by  the 
lord- chancellor,  bearing  the  seals  in  a  silk  purse  j  and  on  each  side 
of  him  walks  a  nobleman,  one  bearing  the  royal  sceptre,  and  the 
other  the  sword  of  state  in  a  crimson  scabbard.  Queen  Elizabeth 
follows.  A  small  golden  crown  is  upon  her  head,  and  rests  on  a 
profusion  of  thick  curled  hair,  of  a  colour  too  deeply  sanguine 
to  countenance  her  early  flatterers  when  they  called  the  hue 
golden.  The  locks  now  worn  by  Elizabeth  are,  however,  but  a 
close  imitation  of  what  her  natural  tresses  were  in  her  younger 
days.  Rich  pearls  hang  from  her  ears,  and  a  necklace  of  fine 
jewels  is  thrown  over  her  shoulders.  A  white  silk  robe,  bordered 
with  large  pearls,  adorns  her  person,  and  the  long  train  is  borne 
by  a  marchioness  of  the  realm.  Elizabeth  is  now,  as  has  been 
hinted,  past  the  meridian  of  her  days,  yet  is  her  gait  erect  and 
majestic,  and  her  small  dark  eye  retains  its  clear  and  vivid  expres- 
sion. A  sharpening  of  the  lines  of  her  naturally  acute  lineaments 
is  all  that  speaks  of  the  advance  of  years. 

"  On  the  occasion  when  this  scene,  here  described  in  the  present 
tense,  was  to  be  witnessed,  foreign  ministers  were  in  the  presence- 
chamber,  and  to  each  Elizabeth  spoke  in  his  own  language, 
whether  that  were  Spanish  or  Italian,  French  or  Dutch.  Whither- 
soever she  turned  her  eye,  all  knelt  down  before  her.  Whosoever 
had  the  honour  of  a  word  from  her,  remained  kneeling,  unless  the 
great  queen  raised  him.  She  passed  along  slowly  through  the 


262  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

large  chamber,  conversing  to  those  on  one  side  and  another,  and 
sometimes  receiving  strangers  presented  by  the  usher.  She  came 
at  length  to  a  gentleman  advanced  in  years,  who  knelt  at  her  look. 
He  was  richly  dressed,  but  not  in  the  robes  of  office  or  nobility. 
'  Ha !'  said  the  queen,  stretching  out  her  hand,  and  raising  this 
personage ;  '  our  good  citizen,  Sir  John  Spencer.  Welcome ! 
Thou  wert  informed  of  our  wish  to  converse  with  thee  ?'  '  1  had 
the  honour/  answered  the  citizen,  f  to  receive  your  majesty's 
commands  to  that  effect/  '  Thou  hast  ever  indeed,  good  Sir 
John,  regarded  our  slightest  wish  as  a  command/  continued 
Elizabeth ;  '  and  well  thy  loyalty  beseems  thee.  Thou  hast  paid 
dearly,  too,  for  thy  affectionate  regard  to  our  person.'  The  old 
citizen  sighed  as  if  involuntarily,  showing  well  that  he  understood 
the  queen's  allusion.  She  went  on,  however,  to  refer  more  plainly 
to  the  subject,  while  all  around  fell  respectfully  back,  marking  her 
low  tones.  '  It  was  while  an  attendant  on  our  train  that  my 
young  Lord  Compton  first  saw  thy  daughter,  and  the  issue  was 
the  rash  marriage  which  thou  deplorest.  Sir  John,  we  would 
remedy  the  evil  thou  hast  sustained/  The  face  of  the  citizen- 
knight  grew  suddenly  flushed,  and  then  left  him  more  pale  than 
before.  He  knelt  down  after  a  moment  of  apparently  agitated 
thought,  and  said,  in  a  low  and  hurried  voice,  ( I  hope — I  trust 
your  majesty  does  not  mean  to  lay  your  commands  on  me  to 

pardon '      The  queen  interrupted  him.     '  Listen  to   us,  Sir 

John  Spencer.  Your  paternal  resentment  will  be  respected  by  us 
It  is  a  favour  which  we  have  now  to  require  of  thee,  and  the 
granting  of  which  may  partly  remedy  the  misfortune  which  you 
have  suffered.  An  infant  boy  has  somewhat  strangely  fallen  to 
our  particular  guardianship.  He  is  of  such  rank  and  birth  that 
we  conceive  thee  to  be  a  fitter  person  to  act  as  his  sponsor  than 
any  of  the  nobles  of  our  court.  Thy  civic  position  suits  thee 
much  more  for  serving  the  future  fortunes  of  this  boy ;  and,  God's 
bread,  Sir  John,  thou  shalt  have  a  queen  for  a  partner  in  the 
office/ 

"Doubt  had  gradually  disappeared  from  the  citizen's  brow 
during  this  speech,  and  had  been  supplanted  by  a  feeling  of  the 
highest  gratification,  as  was  clear  and  apparent  in  his  looks. 
'  Your  majesty/  said  he,  '  does  me  an  honour  which  kings 
might  be  proud  of.  And  by  life,  madam,  I  shall  prove,  by  my 


Sir  John  Spencer.  263 

conduct  to  the  boy,  that  your  majesty  has  not  so  honoured  one 
who  is  ungrateful  for  it.  I  have  no  child/  continued  the  citizen, 
more  slowly — '  I  have  no  child  now,  and  my  godson  shall  supply 
the  place  which  has  been  wilfully  vacated/  The  queen  was 
obviously  pleased  with  what  had  passed.  As  she  looked  on  Sir 
John,  who  had  cast  down  his  eyes  in  closing  his  speech,  there  was 
a  sparkle  of  passing  pleasure  in  her  quick  dark  eye.  '  Farewell, 
for  the  present,  Sir  John  Spencer/  said  she ;  '  due  tidings  shall 
reach  thee  when  it  becomes  necessary  to  assume  thy  new  duties/ 
The  knight  stooped  to  kiss  the  hand  extended  to  him,  and  the 
queen  passed  on,  leaving  the  citizen  to  follow,  and  finally  wend 
his  way  homewards. 

"  Sir  John  Spencer,  commonly  called  '  Rich  Spencer/  was  in 
his  day  the  wealthiest  and  most  influential  citizen  of  London. 
The  mayoralty  and  shrievalty  had  been  both  served  by  him  more 
than  once,  we  believe.  He  was  a  great  favourite  with  the  queen, 
being  noted  for  his  public-spiritwteew,  and  his  anxiety  to  sustain 
the  honour  of  his  sovereign  and  his  country.  Such  a  feeling  was 
peculiarly  evinced  by  the  opulent  clothworker,  as  he  was  by  pro- 
fession, on  the  occasion  of  the  Marquis  of  Rosny's  visit  to  England, 
as  ambassador  from  Henry  IV.  of  France  to  Elizabeth.  The 
Marquis  (afterwards  Duke  of  Sully)  was  lodged  and  entertained 
by  Sir  John  in  the  most  sumptuous  manner,  at  his  own  private 
cost.  He  was  understood  to  be  worth  a  million  sterling,  and  had 
but  one  child,  a  daughter,  his  sole  heiress.  Having  fixed  upon  a 
son-in-law  in  his  own  rank  in  life,  the  worthy  citizen  had  been 
deeply  irritated  by  the  elopment  of  his  daughter  with  the  young 
Lord  Compton  ;  and  though,  at  the  period  referred  to  in  our  story, 
more  than  a  year  had  elapsed  since  the  event,  Sir  John's  anger 
seemed  to  have  increased  rather  than  diminished  by  the  lapse  of 
time.  Various  attempts  had  been  made  to  bring  about  a  recon- 
ciliation, but  unsuccessfully.  So  stood  the  family  affairs  of  Sir 
John  Spencer,  when  the  good  Queen  Bess  intimated  her  wish  to 
honour  him  in  the  manner  related. 

"  Of  that  honour  the  citizen  continued  to  think  with  pride,  up 
to  the  time  of  his  receiving  a  message  from  the  queen,  requiring  a 
second  visit  from  him  at  Greenwich  Palace.  Thither,  accordingly, 
Sir  John  wended  his  way,  meditating  how  he  might  best  show,  in  a 
marked  manner,  his  sense  of  the  high  favour  bestowed  on  him  by  the 


264  "  Wort/ties"  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

queen.  When  ushered  into  the  presence  of  the  latter,  he  found 
her  with  a  goodly  company  of  ladies  and  courtiers ;  and  in  pre- 
sence, also,  was  her  majesty's  household  chaplain.  '  Welcome, 
Sir  John/  said  the  queen,  as  the  citizen  paid  his  duty  on 
entrance ;  '  thou  art  punctual,  yet  we  have  been  for  some  time  in 
readiness.  The  ceremony  shall  be  private,  as  best  befits  the  con- 
dition of  our  poor  little  charge/  Sir  John  bowed  in  silence ; 
and  the  company,  at  a  motion  of  the  queen's  hand,  proceeded  to 
the  small  chapel,  where  her  majesty  was  accustomed  to  perform 
her  private  devotions. 

"  We  shall  suppose  the  child  baptized,  and  the  whole  ceremony 
over.  Increasing  the  amount  of  the  honour,  the  queen  gave  to 
the  child  the  Christian  name  of  '  Spencer/  This  unexpected 
circumstance,  and  the  uncommon  beauty  of  the  infant,  seemed  to 
determine  the  knight  in  its  favour.  '  Madam/  said  he  to  the 
queen,  with  tears  in  his  eyes,  '  I  have  resolved  to  show  my  sense 
of  this  honour  by  adopting  this  child,  now  my  name-son.  He 
shall  be  my  sole  heir ;  and,  that  no  foolish  relentings  may  after- 
wards affect  this  resolve,  I  here  solemnly  vow,  before  the  holy 
altar,  and  in  presence  of  your  majesty  and  this  fair  company,  to 
settle  irrevocably  my  estate  by  deed  in  this  child's  favour,  and  to 
place  it  immediately  in  your  majesty's  possession,  if  you  will 
honour  me  by  accepting  such  trust/ 

"  The  eyes  of  the  queen  sparkled  with  unaffected  pleasure.  ( 'Tis 
well,  Sir  John  Spencer/  said  she;  fwe  are  witnesses  to  your 
promise,  and  know  that  it  will  be  kept/  She  then  turned  round, 
and  exclaimed,  looking  to  a  side  door,  f  Without  there  !  You 
may  enter/  In  an  instant  the  door  was  thrown  open,  and  Sir 
John  Spencer  beheld  his  daughter,  the  Lady  Comptonj  and  her 
husband,  kneeling  at  his  feet.  Before  the  agitated  citizen  could 
speak,  the  queen  addressed  him.  'Sir  John,  the  child  whom 
thou  hast  here  adopted  is  thine  own  grandchild.  Take  these  his 
parents  also  to  your  favour,  and  make  this  one  of  the  happiest 
hours  in  a  queen's  life/  f  Pardon,  dearest  father,  pardon  \> 
•  cried  the  weeping  daughter  of  the  knight ;  '  pardon/  continued 
she,  taking  her  child  from  an  attendant,  and  raising  it  in  her  arms 
— '  pardon,  for  this  child's  sake  !'  Sir  John  Spencer  could  not 
resist  these  appeals.  '  Heaven  bless  you,  my  children !'  said  he, 
embracing  them  by  turns;  'I  do  forgive  all  the  past;  and  I 


Sir  John  Spencer.  265 

heartily  thank  her  majesty,  who  has  brought  about  this  happy 
event/ 

,  "  Our  anecdote  is  told.  Many  glorious  acts  signalize  the  reign 
of  Elizabeth,  but  it  may  be  questioned  if  any  recorded  deed  of 
hers  places  her  character  in  a  more  pleasing  light,  than  the  little 
ruse  by  which  she  reconciled  Sir  John  Spencer  and  his  daughter." 
In  1599,  August  1.  Q«  Elizabeth  gave  the  Manor  of  Brooke 
Hall,  once  belonging  to  St.  Osith's  Monastery,  to  John  Spencer, 
Esq.,  born  at  Waldinafield  in  Suffolk,  and  died  March  30,  1609. 

£>ame  date.  Q.  Elizabeth  granted  the  Manor  of  Bower  Hall, 
formerly  belonging  to  St.  Owen's  Priory,  to  John  Spencer,  Esq. 
Elizabeth,  his  only  daughter  and  heir,  brought  it  to  her  husband, 
William,  Lord  Compton.  He  kept  his  first  Court  here,  October 
14,1617. 

Same  date.  Q.  Elizabeth  granted  the  Manor  of  Bocking  with 
appurtenances  and  the  site  of  the  same,  and  marsh  and  lands  J  8 
acres,  called  Le  Rey,  and  20  acres  more,  parcel  of  this  manor,  to 
John  Spencer  to  hold  of  the  Queen,  of  the  Honour  of  Hampton 
Court  by  the  20th  part  of  a  Knight's  fee  and  not  in  capite.  It 
descended  to  his  daughter. 

Sir  John  Spencer  died  at  an  advanced  age,  March  3,  1609, 
and  was  buried  in  St.  Helen's  Church.*  The  following  particulars 
are  part  of  a  letter,  from  Mr.  John  Beaulieu  to  Mr.  Trumbull, 
resident  at  Brussels,  dated  Mar.  22  (April  2),  1609-lO.f 

"  Upon  Tuesday  the  funerals  of  Sir  John  Spencer  were  made, 
where  some  thousand  men  did  assist  in  mourning  cloakes,  or 
gowns,  amongst  which  there  were  320  poor  men,  who  had  every  one 
of  them,  a  basket  given  them,  stored  with  the  particular  provisions 
as  follows,  a  black  gowne,  four  pounds  of  beef,  two  loaves  of 
bread,  a  little  bottle  of  wine,  a  candlestick,  a  pound  of  candles, 
two  saucers,  two  spoons,  a  black  pudding,  a  pair  of  gloves,  a 
dozen  of  points,  two  red  herrings,  four  white  herrings,  six  sprats, 
and  two  eggs,  but  to  expound  to  you  the  mystical  meaning  of 
such  an  anticke  furniture,  I  am  not  so  skillful  an  CEdipus,  except 
it  doth  design  the  horn  of  abundance  which  my  Lord  Compton 
hath  found  in  that  succession.  But  that  poor  Lord  is  not  like  (if 
God  do  not  help  him)  to  carry  it  away  for  nothing,  or  to  grow 


*  See  above,  p.  70. 
f  Winwood's  State  Papers,  vol.  iii.  p.  136.     Ed.  London.  1725. 


266  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

very  rich  thereby,  being  in  great  danger  to  lose  his  wits  for  the 
same ;  whereof  being  at  the  very  first  newes,  either  through  the 
vehement  apprehension  of  joy  for  such  a  plentiful  succession,  or  of 
carefulness  how  to  take  it  up  and  dispose  it,  somewhat  distracted 
and  afterwards  reasonably  restored,  he  is  now  of  late  fallen  again 
(but  more  deeply)  into  the  same  frenzy,  so  that  there  seemeth  to 
be  little  hope  of  his  recovery.  And  what  shall  these  thousands 
and  millions  avayle  him,  if  he  come  to  loose,  if  not  his  soul,  at 
least  his  wits  and  reason  ?  It  is  a  faire  and  ample  subject  for  a 
Divine  to  course  Riches,  and  a  notable  example  to  the  world  not  to 
wooe  or  trust  so  much  in  them.  It  is  given  out  abroad  that  he  hath 
suppressed  a  will  of  the  deceased's,  whereby  he  did  bequeath  some 
20,000/.  to  his  poor  kindred  and  as  much  in  pious  uses;  for  the  which 
the  people  do  exclaim  that  this  affliction  is  justly  inflicted  upon 
him  by  the  hand  of  God,  for  a  punishment  of  such  an  impious  deed. 
But  whether  that  suppression  be  true  or  not,  it  is  not  yet  very 
constantly  reported." 

Sir  Thomas  Edmondes,  in  a  letter  to  Sir  Ralph  Winwood, 
March  17, 1609,  expresses  himself  to  the  same  effect.  "  The  Lord 
Compton  hath  been  so  transported  with  joy  for  the  great  fortune 
befallen  him  by  the  death  of  Sir  John  Spencer,  his  father-in-law, 
as  the  overworking  of  the  same  in  his  mind  did  hinder  him  from 
taking  any  rest,  whereby  he  was  grown  half  distracted,  but  now 
he  is  reasonably  well  recovered  again/'* 

"  Mr.  Beaulieu  in  a  precedent  Letter  to  Mr.  Trumbull,"  which 
is  only  quoted  by  Winwood,  states  "  that  Sir  John  Spencer  died 
worth  at  least  300,000£,  some  said  500,000^,  others  800,000//'f 
And  in  a  subsequent  letter,  dated  March  29,  1610,  he  gives  the  fol- 
lowing account :  "  Here  is  dead  within  these  two  days,  the  old  Lady 
Spencer,  following  the  heels  of  her  husband;  who  gave  away 
amongst  her  kindred  13,000^.  of  the  15,000^.  which  she  was  to 
have  of  my  Lord  Compton ;  who  is  now  altogether  distracted  and 
so  franticke  as  that  he  is  forced  to  be  kept  bound.  The  adminis- 
tration of  his  goods  and  lands  is  committed  to  the  Lords  Cham- 
berlaine,  Privy  Seal,  and  Worcester ;  who  coming  the  last  week 
into  the  City,  took  an  Inventory  (in  the  presence  of  the  Sheriffs) 
of  the  goods,  amongst  which  (it  is  said)  there  were  bonds  found 
for  133,000^'t 


Id.  p.  137.  f  Id.  p.  136.  J  Id.  pp.  145-6. 


Sir  John  Spencer.  267 

It  appears  that  the  distraction  before  mentioned  was  only  tem- 
porary, as  on  the  19th  July,  1618,  this  noble  Lord  was  created 
Earl  of  Northampton.  His  death,  however,  happened  on  a  sudden, 
of  which  S.  Meddus,  in  a  letter  dated  July  £,  1630,  has  given  the 
following  account : — "  Yesterday  seven-night,  the  Earl  of  North- 
ampton, Lord  President  of  Wales  (after  he  had  waited  on  the  King 
at  supper  and  had  also  supped),  went  in  a  boat  with  others  to  wash 
himself  in  the  Thames,  and  so  soon  as  his  legges  were  in  the  water 
but  to  the  knees,  he  had  the  collick,  and  cried  out,  '  Have  me  into 
the  boat  again,  for  I  am  a  dead  man  \'  and  died  a  few  howers  after 
at  his  lodgings  in  the  Savoy,  within  the  suburbs  of  London,  on 
June  24,  1630  (6  Car.  I.),  and  was  buried  at  Compton  with  his 
ancestors." 

The  Earl  had  issue  a  son,  Spencer,  before  mentioned,  and  two 
daughters.  His  son  succeeded  him  in  the  title  and  estates ;  and 
having  raised  a  regiment  of  foot  and  a  troop  of  horse,  commanded 
the  royal  army  at  the  battle  of  Hopton  Heath,  but  fell  in  the 
moment  of  victory  by  a  severe  wound  from  an  halbert  at  the  back 
of  the  head,  March  19,  1642. 

The  following  Letter  from  the  daughter  of  Sir  John  Spencer 
to  her  husband,  was  copied  from  the  original  by  the  Hon.  Mrs. 
Boyle  Walsingham,  and  communicated  to  the  Antiquarian  Reper- 
tory by  the  Earl  of  Essex.  Written  probably  about  1617. 

' '  MY  SWEET  LIFE, — Now  that  I  have  declared  to  you  my  mind 
for  the  settling  your  Estate,  1  supposed  that  it  were  best  for  me  to 
bethink  what  allowance  were  best  for  me ;  for  considering  what 
care  I  have  ever  had  of  your  estate,  and  how  respectfully  I  dealt 
with  those  which,  both  by  laws  of  God,  Nature,  and  Civil  Policy, 
Writ,  Religion,  Government,  and  Honesty,  you  my  dear,  are  bound 
to.  I  pray  and  beseech  you  to  grant  to  me,  your  most  kind  and 
loving  wife,  the  sum  of  1600^.  per  ann.,  quarterly  to  be  paid. 

"  Also  I  wouM,  besides  that  allowance  for  my  apparel,  have 
600/.  added  yearly  for  the  performance  of  charitable  works;  those 
things  I  would  not,  neither  will  be,  accountable  for. 

"  Also  I  will  have  three  horses  for  my  own  sadle  that  none 
shall  dare  to  lend  or  borrow ;  none  lend  but  I,  none  borrow  but 
you. 

"  Also  I  wou'd  have  two  Gentlewomen,  lest  one  should  be  sick ; 
also,  I  believe  it  is  an  indecent  thing  for  a  Gentlewoman  to  stand 


268  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

mumping  alone,  when  God  have  blessed  their  lord  and  lady  with 
a  great  estate. 

"Also  when  I  ride  hunting  or  hawking,  or  travel  from  one 
house  to  another,  I  will  have  them  attending ;  so  for  each  of  these 
said  women  I  must  and  will  have  a  horse. 

tf  Also  I  will  have  six  or  eight  gentlemen  ;  and  will  have  my 
two  Coaches,  one  lined  with  velvet  to  myself,  with  four  very  fair 
horses  ;  and  a  coach  for  my  women,  lin'd  with  sweet  cloth,  overlaid 
with  gold ;  the  other,  with  scarlet  and  laced  with  watched  lace  and 
silver,  with  four  good  horses. 

"  Also  I  will  have  two  coachmen,  one  for  myself,  the  other  for 
my  women. 

' '  Also,  whenever  I  travel,  I  will  be  allowed  not  only  carroches 
and  spare  horses  for  me  and  my  women,  but  such  carriages  as 
shall  be  fitting  for  all ;  orderly  ;  not  pestering  my  things  with  my 
women's,  nor  theirs  with  chambermaids',  nor  theirs  with  wash- 
maids'. 

"  Also,  laundresses,  when  I  travel,  I  will  have  them  sent  away 
before  with  the  carriages,  to  see  all  safe  ;  and  the  chambermaids' 
shall  go  before  with  the  grooms,  that  the  chambers  may  be  ready, 
sweet,  and  clean. 

"  Also,  for  that  it  is  indecent  to  crowd  up  myself  with  my  gen- 
tleman usher  in  my  coach,  I  will  have  him  have  a  convenient  horse 
to  attend  me  either  in  city  or  country.  And  I  must  have  four 
footmen.  And  my  desire  is  that  you  will  defray  all  the  charges 
for  me. 

"  And  for  myself,  besides  my  yerely  allowance,  I  would  have 
twenty  gowns  apparel,  six  of  them  excellent  good  ones,  eight  of 
them  for  the  country,  and  six  others  of  them  very  excellent  good 
ones. 

"  Also  I  would  have  to  put  in  my  purse  2000£  and  200/.,  and 
so  you  to  pay  my  debts. 

"  Also  I  would  have  8000£.  to  buy  me  jewels,  and  6000£.  for  a 
pearl  chain. 

"  Now,  seeing  that  I  have  been  and  am  so  reasonable  unto  you, 
I  pray  you  to  find  my  Children  apparel  and  their  schooling,  and 
all  my  servants,  men  and  women,  their  wages. 

ff  Also  I  will  have  all  my  houses  furnished,  and  my  lodging 
chambers  to  be  suited  with  all  such  furniture  as  is  fit ;  as  Beds, 


Daniel  Featley.  269 

Stools,  Chairs,  Cushions,  Carpets,  Silver  Warming  Pans,  Cup- 
boards of  Plate,  fair  hangings,  &c.  So  for  my  drawing  chambers 
in  all  houses,  I  will  have  them  delicately  furnished  with  hangings, 
Couch,  Canopy,  Cushions,  Carpets,  &c. 

"  Also  my  desire  is,  that  you  would  pay  your  debts,  build  up 
Ashby  House,  and  purchase  lands,  and  lend  no  money  (as  you  love 
God)  to  the  Lord  Chamberlain,  which  would  have  all,  perhaps  your 
life  from  you :  remember  his  son,  my  Lord  Walden,  what  enter- 
tainment he  gave  me  when  you  were  at  the  Tilt  Yard.  If  you  were 
dead  he  said  he  wou'd  be  Husband,  a  Father,  a  Brother,  and  said 
he  wou'd  marry  me.  I  protest  I  grieve  to  see  the  poor  man  have 
so  little  Wit  and  Honesty  to  use  his  friend  so  vilely ;  also  he  fed 
me  with  untruths  concerning  the  Charter  House,  but  that  is  the 
least ;  he  wished  me  much  harm,  you  know  how  :  God  keep  you 
and  me  from  him,  and  any  such  as  he  is. 

' '  So  now  that  I  have  declared  to  you  my  mind,  what  I  wou'd 
have,  and  what  I  wou'd  not  have,  I  pray  you,  when  you  be  an  Earl, 
to  allow  me  a  1000£  more  than  I  now  desire,  and  double 
attendance.  "  Your  loving  Wife, 

"Euz.  COMPTON." 

DANIEL  FEATLEY.  * 

His  right  name  was  Fairclough,  and  by  that  name  he  was 
ordained  both  Deacon  and  Minister,  but  by  the  ignorance 
and  corruption  of  the  times  the  name  varied  and  altered 
to  Featley,  which  he  first  owned  in  print  of  all  the  family.  He 
was  son  of  John  Featley  (sometime  cook  to  Dr.  Humphrey, 
President  of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford)  by  Marian  Thrift,  his 
wife,  was  born  at  Charlton-upon-Otmore,  near  Oxford,  March  5, 
1582;  educated  in  the  Grammar  School  adjoining  Magdalen 
College,  admitted  Scholar  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  13th  Decem- 
ber, 1594.  His  admirable  disputations,  his  excellent  sermons,  his 
grave,  yet  affable  demeanour  and  rare  accomplishments,  induced 
Sir  Thomas  Edmonds,  on  being  appointed  Ambassador  to  France^ 
to  make  him  his  chaplain,  where  he  resided  three  years.  During 
that  time  he  became  the  honour  of  the  Protestant  religion  and  the 


*  See  Newcourt's  Eepert.  Lond.,  p.  571,  and  Wood's  Athense  Oxoniens., 
vol.  iii.  col.  156—160.     Ed.  Lond.  (Bliss)  1813-20. 


270  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helen's. 

English  nation.  Upon  his  return  to  England  he  took  the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Divinity,  1613,  and  soon  after  became  Rector  of 
Northill,  in  Cornwall.  He  was  scarcely  settled  at  that  place,  when 
he  was  sent  for  to  be  domestic  chaplain  to  Dr.  Abbot,  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  by  whom  he  was  speedily  preferred  to  the  Rectory 
of  Lambeth,  in  Surrey.  In  1617  he  proceeded  in  divinity  and 
puzzled  Prideaux,  the  King's  Professor,  so  much  with  his  learned 
arguments,  that  a  quarrel  thereupon  being  raised,  the  Archbishop 
was  in  a  manner  forced  to  settle  it  for  his  chaplain's  sake.  The 
Archbishop  of  Spalato*  being  present,  was  so  much  taken  with 
Dr.  Featley's  arguments,  that  he  forthwith  gave  him  a  brother's 
place  in  the  Savoy  Hospital,  near  London,  he  being  then  Master 
thereof.  ....  About  that  time  he  had  given  him  the  Rectory 
of  Allhallows  Church  in  Bread  Street,  which  he  soon  after 
exchanged  for  the  Rectory  of  Acton  in  Middlesex,  and  at  length 
became  the  third  and  last  Provost  of  Chelsea  College.  On  the 
15th  September/  1623,  the  Doctor  married  Mrs.  Joyce  Holloway, 
relict  of  Mr.  Holloway,  and  formerly  relict  of  Mr.  Thompson 
(both  merchants  of  London),  who  lived  in  a  handsome  house  of  her 
own,  with  a  beautiful  garden  at  Kennington.  This  marriage 
Dr.  Featley  for  some  time  concealed,  and  continued  to  reside  with 
the  Prelate.  In  the  year  1625,  the  time  of  a  raging  pestilence, 
the  Archbishop  removed  with  his  whole  family  to  Croydon,  for 
fear  of  infection,  and  the  Doctor  being  taken  ill,  removed  to  his 
wife's  house  at  Kennington,  where  he  soon  recovered.  He  then 
removed  his  books,  &c.,  from  Lambeth  Palace,  and  wholly  devoted 
himself  to  piety  and  charity.  In  November,  1 642,  after  the  King 
had  encountered  the  Parliament  soldiers  at  Brentford,  some  of 
the  rebels  took  up  their  quarters  at  Acton,  who,  after  they  had 
missed  the  Doctor  (whom  they  took  to  be  a  Papist,  or  at  least 
that  he  had  a  Pope  in  his  belly),  drank  up  and  eat  his  provisions, 
burnt  down  a  barn  full  of  corn  and  two  stables,  the  loss  amounting 
to  211£. ;  and  at  the  same  time  did  not  only  greatly  profane  the 
Church  with  their  beastly  actions,  but  also  burnt  the  rails,  pulled 


*  Mark  Anthony  de  Dominis,  born  at  Arba,  about  1561,  and  educated  at 
Padua,  came  to  England,  and  conforming  to  the  Protestant  religion,  was 
made  Dean  of  Windsor,  Master  of  the  Savoy,  and  Rector  of  West  Ilderly, 
Berks.  He  returned  to  Eome  in  1622,  and  abjured  his  opinions  and  died 
there  in  1625.  Biograph.  Diet.,  vol.  xii.  pp.  231-2. 


Sir  TItomas  Gresham.  271 

down  the  font,  broke  the  windows,  &c.  In  February  following 
they  sought  after  him  in  Lambeth  Church  on  the  Lord's  day,  to 
murder  him,  but  he  escaped  them.  In  1643,  when  the  Bishops 
were  disabled  from  performing  their  office,  and  thereupon  the 
Assembly  of  Divines  was  constituted  by  the  "  blessed  Parliament/' 
as  some  called  it,  Dr.  Featley  was  appointed  a  Member  thereof. 
But  being  a  main  stickler  against  the  Covenant,  in  a  letter  to  the 
learned  Dr.  Usher,  Primate  of  Ireland,  then  at  Oxford,  he  showed 
to  him  the  reasons  why  he  excepted  against  it.  A  copy  thereof 
being  treacherously  obtained  from  him,  was  first  carried  to  the 
Close  Committee,  and  afterwards  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
Whereupon  being  adjudged  to  be  a  spy  and  a  betrayer  of  the  Par- 
liamentary cause,  he  was  committed  prisoner  to  the  Lord  Petrels 
House,  in  Aldersgate  Street,  on  the  30th  September,  and  deprived 
of  his  rectories,  "  that  of  Acton  being  bestowed  on  the  Independent, 
Philip  Nye,  and  that  of  Lambeth  on  John  White  of  Dorchester" — 
called  "  the  old  instrument  of  sedition," — who  afterwards  got  an 
order  to  obtain  and  keep  his  library  of  books,  till  such  time  as  he 
could  get  his  own  back,  which  had  been  seized  a  short  time  pre- 
viously at  Dorchester,  by  Prince  Rupert.  In  the  said  prison  house 
he  continued  until  the  beginning  of  March,  1644-5,  and  then  after 
much  supplication  made  to  the  Parliament  in  his  behalf  (he  being 
then  very  ill  with  the  dropsy),  he  was  removed  for  his  health's 
sake  to  Chelsea  College,  of  which  he  was  still  Provost,  for  six 
weeks  upon  good  bail;  but  it  pleased  God  to  take  him,  April  17, 
1645,  being  the  last  day  of  the  six  weeks  limited  for  his  return. 
He  was  generally  esteemed  as  one  of  the  most  resolute  and 
victorious  champions  of  the  Reformed  Protestant  religion  in  his 
time,  a  most  smart  scourge  for  the  Church  of  Rome,  a  compendium 
of  the  learned  tongues,  and  of  all  the  liberal  arts  and  sciences : 
also,  that  though  he  was  of  small  stature,  yet  he  had  a  great  soul, 
and  had  all  learning  compacted  in  him. 

SIR  THOMAS  GRESHAM. 

The  family  from  which  Sir  Thomas  Gresham  was  descended, 
like  most  other  old  Norfolk  families,  derived  its  name  from  a  little 
village  where  it  had  been  settled  for  many  generations.  His 
father,  Sir  Richard,  and  his  uncle,  Sir  John,  who  were  the  third 
and  fourth  sons  of  his  grandfather,  John  Gresham  of  Holt,  in  that 


272  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

county,  were  bred  to  trade,  acquired  great  wealth,  and  each  of  them 
served  the  offices  of  Aldermen  and  Lord  Mayor.  He  was  the  third 
and  youngest  son  of  Sir  Richard  Gresham  by  his  first  wife  Audrey, 
daughter  of  William  Lynn,  of  Southwick,  in  Northamptonshire. 
Of  his  youth  we  know  nothing  except  that  he  had  the  misfortune 
to  be  deprived  of  a  mother's  care  at  the  tender  age  of  three  years, 
and  that  he  was  subsequently  sent  to  Cambridge  and  admitted  a 
pensioner  of  Gonville  Hall.  Richard  Gresham  was  agent  to 
King  Henry  VIII.,  or,  as  it  was  sometimes  called,  King's  Merchant 
or  Factor,  an  office  of  early  origin.  In  the  year  1531  he  received 
the  honour  of  knighthood,  being  then  Sheriff  of  London.  The 
merchants  of  London  used  at  that  time,  for  the  transaction  of 
business,  to  assemble  every  day  in  Lombard  Street,  where  they 
were  exposed  to  all  the  inclemencies  of  the  weather.  Sir  Richard 
had  been  at  Antwerp,  where  a  Bourse  had  been  newly  erected,  and 
while  he  was  in  office  wrote  to  the  Lord  Privy  Seal,  "  that  if  cer- 
tain houses  were  purchased  and  pulled  down,  a  handsome  Bourse 
might  be  erected,  which  he  supposes  would  cost  2000^.""*  In  the 
year  1537  he  was  Lord  Mayor  of  London,  and  in  1541  was  with 
his  brother,  Sir  John  Gresham,  put  into  commission  for  heresies 
done  in  the  city  and  diocese  of  London.  He  dwelt  at  Bethnal 
Green ;  and  dying  February  20, 1548,  was  buried  in  the  church  of 
St.  Lawrence  Jewry,  where  there  is  an  ancient  Tomb  with  an  in- 
scription on  the  east  wall  to  his  memory. f 

The  office  of  agent  for  the  Crown  with  the  trading  interest  was 
of  the  highest  importance,  inasmuch  as  it  united  the  duty  of 
raising  money  for  the  royal  occasions  by  private  loans,  with  that 
of  protecting  and  cherishing  the  sources  from  which  they  were 
derived.  In  this,  as  well  as  in  his  own  great  commercial  concerns, 
it  is  quite  evident  that  he  designed  his  son  Thomas  for  his  suc- 
cessor, by  binding  him  to  his  uncle,  Sir  John  Gresham,  as  an 
apprentice;  in  consequence  of  which  he  was,  in  1543,  admitted  a 
member  of  the  Mercers'  Company,  being  then  in  the  25th  year 
of  his  age.  Ten  years  afterwards,  writing  to  the  Duke  of  Nor- 
thumberland from  Antwerp  concerning  commercial  matters,  he 
says,  "  To  the  wyche  syence  I  myselfe  was  bound  prentisse  viii 


*  See  Ward's  Lives  of  the  Professors   of  Gresham  College,  &c.      Ed. 
Lond.  1748. 

f  See  Stow's  Survey,  vol.  i.  p.  563.    Ed.  Lond.  1754-5. 


Sir  Thomas  Gresham.  273 

yeres,  to  come  by  the  experyence  and  knowledge  that  I  have. 
Neverthelesse  I  need  not  to  have  been  prentisse,  for  that  I  was  free 
by  my  Father's  coppye:  albeit  my  Father  Sir  Richard  Gresham  being 
a  wyse  man,  knew,  although  I  was  free  by  his  coppye,  it  was  to  no 
purpos,  except  I  were  bound  prentisse  to  the  same ;  whereby  to  come 
by  the  experience  and  knowledge  of  all  kinds  of  merchandise." 

The  earliest  contemporary  notice  of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham 
occurs  in  one  of  the  despatches  of  Seymour  and  Wotton  to  King 
Henry  VIII.,  written  from  Brussels,  18th  June,  1543:— "  The 
Regente  hathe  also  granted  a  lycence  for  the  gonne-powder  and  salt- 
peter, bought  for  your  Highnes,  the  whyche  we  have  delyveryd  to 
yonge  Thomas  Gresham,  solycitour  of  the  same.""*  Allusion  is  here 
made  to  Henry's  preparations  for  war  with  France,  which  led  to  the 
taking  of  Boulogne  in  the  ensuing  year.  He  is  again  mentioned 
in  March,  1545,  by  Secretary  Paget,  who  writes  to  Petre  from 
Brussels  concerning  an  arrest  of  merchandize  which  had  taken 
place  by  order  of  Charles  V.  This  unjustifiable  step  was  occasioned 
by  Henry's  having  received  certain  Flemish  ships  which  were 
carrying  assistance  to  the  French,  and  the  writer  is  speculating  on 
the  consequences  likely  to  result  to  the  merchant  adventurers. 

Between  the  writing  of  these  two  letters  his  marriage  occurred. 
His  wife,  Anne,f  was  the  daughter  of  William  Ferneley,  Esquire,  of 
"West  Creting,  in  Suffolk,  and  widow  of  William  Read,  a  gentleman 
of  good  family,  whose  ancestors  were  settled  at  Beccles,  in  the  same 
county.  Read  styles  himself  in  his  will  "  citizen  and  mercer  of 
London/'  and  appears  to  have  been  on  terms  of  intimacy  with  the 
Gresham  family,  for  he  appointed  Sir  Richard  overseer  of  his  will, 
and  left  him  a  legacy  of  IQl.  and  a  black  gown.  He  died  in  the 
beginning  of  1544;  and  that  his  widow  was  married  to  Thomas 
Gresham  in  the  same  year  appears  from  a  curious  full-length  portrait 
of  the  latter  formerly  preserved  at  Weston  Hall,  in  Suffolk.  The 
painting  is  in  Holbein's  best  manner,  and  represents  a  well-propor- 
tioned young  man,  rather  above  the  middle  height,  clad  entirely  in 
black.  Holbein  has  given  him  an  intellectual  brow  and  a  mouth 
full  of  expression.  His  features  are  regular  and  eminently  hand- 


*  State  Papers,  temp.  Henry  VIII.  vol.  is.  p.  418.   Ed.  Lond.  1830-52. 
t  Her  younger  sister,  Jane,  was  married  to  Sir  Nicholas  Bacon,  the  Lord 
Keeper. 


274  "  Worthies"  connected  ivith  St.  Helens. 

some,  and  his  general  aspect  singularly  mild  and  engaging.  The 
beard  and  moustache  are  short ;  on  either  hand  he  wears  a  ring — 
in  that  day  a  mark  of  distinction — and  in  his  right  hand  he  holds 
a  pair  of  gloves;  at  his  feet,  on  the  pavement,  the  artist  has 
thought  proper  to  introduce  a  skull.  On  the  right  of  this  portrait, 
which  is  about  the  size  of  life,  is  written — 

"A.D.  1544. 
"  THOMAS  GKESHAM,  26  ;" 

and  on  the,  left,  the  initial  Jetters  both  of  his  wife's  name  and  his 
own,  with  the  following  motto — 

"  A.  G.  Love,  Serve,  and  Obei.  T.  G.  ;" 

while  on  each  side  of  the  black  frame  is  inscribed,  in  letters  of 
gold  the  motto,  DOMINTJS  .  MIHI  .  ADIVTOK,  followed  by  the  letters 
T.G.  The  Thruston  family,  to  whom  this  portrait  formerly 
belonged,  resided  at  Hoxne  Abbey,  in  Suffolk,  and  there  the  picture 
had  probably  hung  ever  since  the  priory  of  Benedictine  Monks  at 
Hoxne  was  granted  to  Sir  Richard  Gresham.* 

The  supposed  wedding-ring  of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham  is  in  the 
possession  of  Granville  William  Gresham  Leveson-Gower,  Esq.,  of 
Titsey  Park,  Surrey,  who  is  lineally  descended  from  Sir  John 
Gresham,  the  younger  brother  of  Sir  Richard  Gresham,  father  of 
Sir  Thomas  Gresham.  It  opens  horizontally,  thus  forming  two 
rings,  which  are  nevertheless  linked  together,  and  respectively 
inscribed  on  the  inner  side  with  a  Scripture  posy,  QUOD  .  DEUS  . 
CONIVNSIT  being  engraved  on  one-half,  and  HOMO.NON  .  SEPERATonthe 
other.  The  ring  is  beautifully  enamelled  and  contains  two  stones, 
corresponding  with  which  in  a  cavity  inside  the  ring  are  two 
minute  figures  of  loves  or  genii ;  one  of  which  has  disappeared. 


*  38  Henry  VIII.  This  portrait  is  now  in  the  possession  of  the  Gresham 
College  Committee,  which  is  constituted  by  the  Mercers'  Company  and  the 
Gresham  Committee  of  the  Corporation  of  the  City  of  London.  By  means 
of  the  indefatigable  exertions  of  the  late  Edward  Taylor,  Esq.,  Gresham 
Professor  of  Music,  the  gift  of  this  portrait  was  made  to  the  College  in  1845, 
by  its  then  possessor,  John  Thruston,  Esq.,  and  now  hangs  in  the  Library  of 
that  Institution  with  the  following  inscription  subjoined: — 

"  1845.— JOHN  THUUSTON,  Weston  Hall,  Suffolk. 
Clarissimi  Fundatoris  hanc  claram  imaginem  ex  opere  Holbein 

in  usum  Collegii, 

JOANNES  THRUSTON, 

de  Weston  Hall  in  agro  Suffolc. 

Armiger  A.D.  MDCCCXLV." 


Sir  Thomas  Gresham.  275 

How  many  children  Sir  Thomas  had  by  his  wife  is  not  known : 
we  hear  but  of  one,  Richard,  who  must  have  been  born  before 
1548,  since  in  that  year  his  name  appears  in  his  grandfather's 
will ;  but  an  incidental  mention  of ' '  my  powre  wiffe  and  children" 
in  1553-4  leaves  it  reasonable  to  suppose  that  he  had  others,  who 
must  have  also  died  at  an  early  age. 

About  the  end  of  the  year  1551  Thomas  Gresham  was  called 
upon  to  serve  the  King  Edward  VI.,  and  that  he  might  the  better 
attend  to  the  important  duties  that  now  devolved  upon  him,  he 
removed  with  his  wife  and  family  to  Antwerp.  The  English  mer- 
chant adventurers  are  said  to  have  established  a  factory  there  as  early 
as  the  year  1296;  but  it  was  not  until  1558  that  the  Hotel  Van 
Lyere,  or  residence  of  the  Burgomaster  of  that  name,  was  finally 
ceded  for  their  accommodation,  and  at  this  house  our  Ambassadors, 
journeying  to  or  from  foreign  courts,  were  usually  domiciled  on 
their  arrival  at  Antwerp. 

It  appears  from  the  written  statement  of  Gresham's  transactions, 
which  he  presented  to  Edward  VI.  on  his  return  from  Antwerp, 
August,  1552,  that  between  the  1st  March  and  the  27th  July  his 
payments  had  amounted  to  106,30U.  4$.  4^.,  his  own  expenses 
102/.  10^.,  and  he  had  concluded  his  mission  by  giving  his  friends 
a  feast,  which  forms  the  last  item  in  the  account  "Paid  for  a 
supper  and  a  banckett  that  I  made  to  the  Fugger*  and  to  the 
Schetz,f  and  other  that  I  have  had  to  do  withall  for  your  Majesty, 
sens  your  Hightnes  hay  the  corny  tted  this  great  charge  unto  me, 
the  28th  July  1552,  26^." 

On  the  accession  of  Queen  Mary  Gresham  found  himself  sud- 
denly supplanted  in  his  office  of  Royal  Agent,  a  circumstance  easily 
accounted  for  when  it  is  remembered  that  the  Duke  of  Northum- 
berland, his  great  patron,  was  most  hostile  to  the  Queen's  succes- 
sion, and  that  he  was  personally  obnoxious  on  the  score  of  his 
religious  opinions.  Conscious,  however,  that  his  abilities  to 
execute  the  duties  of  his  office  were  unrivalled,  and  fearful  that 
the  fruition  of  his  projects  should  be  delayed  by  the  mismanage- 
ment of  ignorant  competitors,  he  ventured  instantly  to  present  to 
the  Queen  a  memorial  stating,  with  a  boldness  of  expression  very 
unusual  at  that  time,  his  service  to  her  late  brother,  and  conceived 

*  Anthony  Fugger  and  Nephews  were  then  believed  to  be  the  wealthiest 
merchants  in  Christendom. 

f  Another  of  the  most  distinguished  families  at  Antwerp. 
T    2 


276  "  Worthies"  connected  with  St.  Helens, 

with  such  force  and  dexterity,  that,  while  it  concluded  without  any 
direct  request,  it  left  her  scarcely  at  liberty  to  do  otherwise,  in 
common  prudence,  than  to  reinstate  him.  The  evidence  of  what 
passed  during  the  first  few  weeks  of  Queen  Mary's  reign,  is  not 
sufficiently  circumstantial  to  enable  us  to  trace  the  early  move- 
ments of  her  Privy  Council.  It  is,  however,  certain  that  they 
took  upon  themselves  to  procure  supplies  by  writing  directly  to 
the  Fuggers  at  Antwerp,  and  commissioning  certain  persons  to 
negotiate  the  required  loans.  The  council,  however,  soon  became 
sensible  of  the  evils  which  awaited  them  through  the  inefficiency 
of  their  agents,  and  in  this  emergency  seem  to  have  turned  to 
Gresham  for  assistance,  as,  in  the  Record  Office  at  the  Rolls — 
removed  thither  from  the  late  State  Paper  Office — there  is  a 
paper  dated  Nov.  13,  1553,  entitled,  "A  Memoriall  gyven  by 
Thomas  Gresham  to  the  Queene's  Majestic/'  which  sets  forth  the 
terms  on  which  he  was  willing  to  resume  his  office.  From  his 
instructions,  which  are  dated  the  same  day,  it  is  only  necessary  to 
mention  that  his  orders  were  to  proceed  immediately  to  Antwerp 
and  borrow  the  sum  of  5 0,0 GO/,  for  the  space  of  a  year,  on  interest 
at  the  rate  of  11  or  12  per  cent,  on  the  security  of  the  Queen's 
bond,  and  that  of  the  city  of  London  under  the  great  seal,  as  had 
been  customary  in  King  Edward's  time. 

"Whether  in  consequence  of  the  intrigues  of  Paulet,  Marquis  of 
Winchester,  the  lord  treasurer,  who,  jealous  of  Gresham's  weight 
and  influence  in  all  matters  of  finance,  showed  himself  his  enemy 
on  more  than  one  occasion,  or  from  whatever  other  cause,  his  occupa- 
tion of  the  office  of  Royal  Agent  was  frequently  interrupted  during 
Mary's  reign.  That  nobleman,  he  says,  sought  to  ruin  him  by 
"  informing  the  sovereign  with  half  a  tale  ....  once  in  King 
Edward's  time  and  once  in  Queen  Mary's  time." 

Upon  Queen  Elizabeth's  accession  to  the  crown,  in  1558,  he 
was  immediately  taken  into  her  service,  and  employed  to  provide 
money  and  buy  up  arms.  The  year  following  he  was  directed  to 
repair  to  the  Court  of  the  Regent  of  the  Netherlands,  as  temporary 
ambassador,  on  which  occasion  the  honour  of  Knighthood  was 
conferred  upon  him.  At  this  period  Sir  Thomas  Gresham  resided 
in  Lombard  Street,  and  like  all  other  bankers  and  merchants 
living  in  that  street,  kept  a  shop,*  and  over  his  door  was  his  crest, 


*  Now  the  banking  house  of  Messrs.  Martin  &  Co.,  68,  Lombard  Street. 


Sir  Thomas  Gresham.  277 

a  grasshopper  by  way  of  sign.  The  original  sign  was  in  existence 
so  late  as  1795,  when,  on  the  erection  of  the  present  building,  it 
disappeared.  A  German  traveller,  who  visited  England  in  1593, 
says,  that  he  saw  in  Lombard  Street  "  all  sorts  of  gold  and  silver 
vessels  exposed  for  sale,  as  well  as  ancient  and  modern  coins,  in 
such  quantities  as  must  surprise  a  man  the  first  time  he  sees  and 
considers  them."*  At  the  period  of  Gresham's  death  a  con- 
siderable portion  of  his  wealth  consisted  of  gold  chains. 

During  his  protracted  periods  of  absence  from  England, 
Gresham  ever  and  anon  expresses  his  concern  for  the  welfare  of 
his  wife.  "  I  shall  most  humbly  beseech  your  highness,"  he  said, 
addressing  Queen  Elizabeth  in  1560,  "to  be  a  comfort  unto  my 
pore  wife  in  this  my  absens  in  the  service  of  your  Majesty,"  and 
similar  passages  are  comparatively  of  frequent  recurrence  in  his 
correspondence  with  Secretary  Cecil  and  Sir  Thomas  Parry,  to 
whom  he  alternately  recommends  her,  or  returns  thanks  for  the 
kind  attentions  she  had  experienced  at  their  hands. 

By  this  time  some  idea  must  have  been  formed  of  the  nature 
and  extent  of  the  services  which  were  continually  required  of  Sir 
Thomas  Gresham.  That  he  not  only  discharged  the  duties  of 
Agent,  negotiating  loans  for  the  State,  and  of  Queen's  Merchant, 
in  which  capacity  the  task  of  furnishing  the  country  with  military 
and  other  stores  continually  devolved  upon  him,  but  that  he 
corresponded  with  Sir  William  Cecil,  as  the  ambassadors  at 
foreign  courts  were  accustomed.  In  truth,  the  very  best  proof  of 
the  opinion  which  was  entertained  of  his  abilities  by  Queen 
Elizabeth  and  her  ministers  is  afforded  by  a  mere  inspection  of 
the  Flemish  correspondence  of  the  period.  Many  and  interesting 
are  the  proofs  supplied  by  the  correspondence  of  these  two  eminent 
men  of  the  watchfulness  with  respect  to  occurrences,  and  the 
system  of  espionage  over  persons  which  they  maintained.  But 
Gresham' s  most  "  delicate  stratagem"  was  corrupting  King  Philip's 
servants,  for  he  did  not  scruple  to  obtain  the  co-operation,  sub- 
serviency, or  connivance  of  persons  in  office,  by  a  bribe  or  any 
other  means  within  his  power.  Not  altogether  on  strangers,  how- 
ever, did  he  depend  for  his  own  intelligence,  like  his  illustrious 
friend  Cecil,  of  whom  Hoby  said,  "  you  come  so  by  starts,  as  to- 
night you  are  here,  and  to-morrow  you  are  gone;"  he  would  be 


*  Hentzner's  Travels,  p.  31.    Ed.  1797. 


278  "  Worthies"  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

to-day  at  Antwerp,  and  on  the  slightest  summons,  in  less  than 
four  days  in  London;  or,  as  was  often  the  case,  he  was  found 
writing  from  Brussels  and  other  towns,  where  he  judged  his 
presence  desirable.  On  such  occasions  the  only  mode  of  travelling 
was  by  post  horses ;  and  on  one  of  his  hasty  journeys,  he  met 
with  a  fall,  by  which  his  leg  was  broken.  This  was  in  October, 
1560,  and  the  injury  seems  to  have  been  serious,  for  the  Queen, 
four  months  afterwards,  alludes  to  the  accident  in  the  following 
terms  : — ".We  trust  after  the  prolongation  of  this  February  dett, 
your  legg  will  be  hable  to  carry  you  a  shipboard,  to  return  to  us ; 
where  both  for  your  recovery  and  for  intelligence  of  your  doings, 
we  shall  be  glad  to  see  you."  It  appears  from  his  subsequent 
correspondence  that  he  continued  lame  ever  after. 

During  Gresham/s  residence  at  home  the  management  of  his 
affairs  was  confided  to  Richard  Clough,  a  Welshman,  whom  he 
left  behind  him  at  Antwerp,  and  in  whose  zeal  and  ability  he  re- 
posed entire  confidence.  This  interesting  individual  belonged  to 
a  family  which  had  been  settled  from  an  early  period  in  North 
Wales.  No  evidence  of  the  events  of  his  early  life  exists  except 
the  indubitable  fact  that,  in  the  fervour  of  youthful  zeal,  he  per- 
formed a  pilgrimage  to  Jerusalem,  where  he  was  created  a  Knight 
of  the  Holy  Sepulchre.  Having  entered  the  service  of  Sir  Thomas 
Gresham  in  1552,  he  contrived  by  his  industry  and  ability  to 
amass  a  large  fortune,  and  chose  for  his  wife  that  remarkable 
woman,  Katharine  Tudor,  better  known  as  Katharine  of  Berain, 
great  granddaughter  of  King  Henry  VII.  Of  the  charms  of  this 
lady  her  numerous  portraits  give  indisputable  evidence.  Tradition 
has  been  ill-natured  enough  to  preserve  an  anecdote  which  if  true, 
however  creditable  to  her  charms,  reflects  little  credit  on  her  heart. 
Her  first  husband  was  John  Salusbury,  at  whose  funeral,  it  is  said, 
she  was  led  to  church  by  Richard  Clough,  and  afterwards  con- 
ducted home  by  the  youthful  Morris  Wynn,  who  availed  himself 
of  that  opportunity  to  whisper  his  wish  to  become  her  second 
husband.  She  is  said  to  have  civilly  informed  him  that  on  her 
way  to  church  she  had  accepted  a  similar  proposal  from  Richard 
Clough :  but  she  consoled  Wynn  with  the  assurance  that  if  she 
survived  her  second  husband,  he  might  depend  on  becoming  her 
third ;  which  he  accordingly  did,  and  when  left  a  widow  for  the 
third  time,  had  still  smiles  left  for  a  fourth  and  last  husband, 
Edward  Thelwall,  of  Plas  y  Ward,  Esquire. 


Sir  Thomas  GresJtam.  279 

The  active  mind  of  Gresham  was  ever  on  the  watch  for  oppor- 
tunities to  benefit  the  State ;  and  as  during  his  long  residence  at 
Antwerp  he  had  witnessed  the  superiority  of  the  Custom  House 
regulations  of  that  city,  he  now  wrote  to  Clough  to  obtain 
complete  information  of  the  system  pursued  in  Flanders,  and  in  a 
very  few  days  received  for  answer  an  epistle  covering  more  than 
twenty  sides  of  folio  paper,  and  entering  into  all  the  details  of  those 
regulations  with  the  utmost  minuteness.  The  most  interesting 
point  in  Richard  dough's  letter  was  his  suggestion  relative  to  an 
Exchange  for  merchants,  although  the  honour  of  having  originated 
that  project  rests,  as  we  have  seen,  with  Sir  Richard  Gresham. 
He  says,  "  Indede  it  is  marvell  that  wee  have  so  gude  orders  as 
wee  have,  consyderying  what  rulers  wee  have  in  the  sittey  of 
London,  suche  a  company  that  do  study  for  nothyng  ells  butt  for 
their  own  profett.  As  for  insampell ;  consyderyng  what  a  sittey 
London  ys,  and  that  in  so  many  yeares  they  have  nott  founde  the 
menes  to  make  a  Bourse  !  but  must  wallke  in  the  raine,  when  ytt 
raineth,  more  lyker  pedlers  than  marchantes ;  and  in  thys  coun- 
trie,  and  all  other,  there  is  no  kynde  of  pepell  that  have  occasion 

to  meete,  butt  they  have  a  plase  meete  for  that  pourpose 

In  dede  and  yf  your  besynes  were  done,  and  that  I  myghtt  have 

the  lesure  to  go  about  ytt I  wyll  nott  doutt  to  make  so  fere 

a  bourse  in  London  as  the  grett  bourse  is  in  Andwarpe." 

On  the  2nd  August,  1563,  on  the  breaking  out  of  the  plague, 
in  order  to  escape  the  infection,  Gresham  hastened  with  his  family 
down  to  his  "  poor  house  at  Intwood  near  Norwich,"  which  was 
for  a  long  time  his  only  country  seat,  and  where  he  seems  to  have 
been  for  many  years  in  the  habit  of  occasionally  retiring  with  his 
family.  Few  traces  of  the  old  Hall  now  exist ;  the  garden,  how- 
ever, retains  its  ancient  raised  terrace  walks  and  turreted  walls. 
Here,  too,  the  ivy  covered  ruins  of  the  red  brick  porch  have  been 
suffered  to  remain,  and  in  the  spandrils  over  the  doorway  are  found 
the  arms  of  Sir  Richard  Gresham,  and  his  initials  encircling  the 
family  crest,  a  grasshopper. 

During  the  intervals  between  his  late  journeys,  Gresham  may 
be  presumed  to  have  been  busy  in  the  erection  of  the  mansion  in 
Bishopsgate  Street.  It  is  doubtless  to  this  edifice  that  Clough 
alludes  in  the  following  passage  which  occurs  in  a  letter  addressed 
to  his  master  in  the  beginning  of  1563  "  as  towching  the  galary 
and  the  stones  for  the  wyndose  and  walls,  they  are  all  shippyd  in 


280  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

the  shippe  of  John  Ryke,  who  departyth  from  hens  within  two  or 
three  days  at  the  furthemost:"*  Stow,  speaking  of  the  houses 
occupied  by  men  of  worship  in  St.  Helen's  and  the  neighbourhood, 
mentions  Gresham  House  as  "  one  the  most  spacious  thereabouts, 
built  of  brick  and  timber."f  Like  the  exchange  it  consisted  of  a 
square  court,  surrounded  walk,  or  piazza,  with  spacious  offices 
adjoining,  the  whole  being  surrounded  by  pleasant  gardens,  which 
extended  from  Bishopsgate  Street  on  the  one  side  to  Broad  Street 
on  the  other.  Vast  as  the  proportions  of  this  mansion  were,  its 
inmates  were  merely  himself  and  his  lady,  Richard,  his  only  son, 
and  Anne  his  natural  daughter. 

In  1564  we  find  Gresham  writing  from  his  "powre  dowffe  f 
housse  at  Oystreley,"  and  here  he  generally  lived  ever  after. 
Norden,  who  wrote  in  1593,  calls  Osterley  House  "a  faire  and 
stately  building  of  bricke,"and  says  of  the  extensive  park  which  is 
still  abundantly  supplied  with  wood  and  water,  that  it  was  formerly 
"garnished  with  manie  faire  ponds,  which  afforded  not  only  fish, 
and  fowle,  and  swannes,  and  other  water  fowle,  but  also  great  use 
for  mills,  as  paper  mills,  oyle  milles,  and  cornmilles."  The  old 
manor  house  had  been  taken  down  by  Gresham  and  rebuilt  on  a 
grander  scale,  but  no  drawing  of  it  appears  to  be  met  with,  nor 
can  anything  be  added  to  the  foregoing  meagre  description. 
About  this  period  (1564)  he  lost  his  only  son,  who  must  have  been 
between  sixteen  and  twenty  years  of  age.  This  must  have  been  a 
heavy  calamity,  and  perhaps  in  his  estimation  even  counter- 
balanced the  splendid  results  of  a  life  of  enterprise  and  ability. 

Towards  his  daughter,  Anne,  whose  mother  is  said  to  have  been 
a  native  of  Bruges,  Gresham  made  the  only  reparation  in  his  power, 
by  bestowing  upon  her  all  the  advantages  of  a  careful  education 
and  an  ample  dower.  She  married  into  a  family  of  high  distinction, 
for  the  great  Lord  Bacon  was  her  brother-in-law.  Her  husband 
was  Sir  Nathaniel  Bacon,  second  son  of  Sir  Nicholas,  the  Lord 
Keeper,  by  his  first  wife,  Jane,  the  sister  of  Lady  Gresham,  so  that 
his  daughter  Anne  married  one  who  should  have  been  her  cousin. 

From  the  minutes  of  the  Court  of  Aldermen,  January  4, 
1564-5,  it  appears  that  a  proposal  was  made  to  the  Court  by  Sir 
Thomas  Gresham  that  a  Bourse  or  Exchange  should  be  built  in 

*  See  Burgon's  Life  of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  vol.  i.  p.  417.  Ed.  Lond.  1839. 
f  Stow's  Survey,  vol.  i.  p.  435. 

J  " '  Dowffe'  is  the  Scotch  word  for  dull  or  melancholy."     Burgon's  Life 
of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  vol.  ii.  p.  77. 


Sir  TJiomas  GresJtam.  281 

London  at  his  expense  for  the  accommodation  of  merchants,  pro- 
vided a  site  was  found  to  build  upon.  A  subscription  was  readily 
entered  into  for  that  purpose,  and  the  ground  on  which  the  Ex- 
change now  stands  was  conveyed  to  him.  In  Stow's  Chronicle  it  is 
stated  that  "  upon  good  advice  the  citizens  of  London  bought  divers 
times,  houses  and  many  small  tenements  in  Cornehill,  and  pulled 
them  downe,  and  made  the  ground  faire  and  plaine  to  build  upon."* 
On  the  9th  February,  1565-6,  Sir  Thomas  Gresham  being  at 
the  house  of  Alderman  Ryvers,  most  frankly  and  lovingly  pro- 
mised that  within  a  month  after  the  Bourse  should  be  fully  finished, 
he  would  present  it  in  equal  moieties  to  the  City  and  the  Mercers* 
Company.  In  token  of  his  sincerity  he  gave  his  hand  to  Sir 
William  Garrard,  and  in  the  presence  of  his  assembled  friends 
drank  a  carouse  to  his  kinsman,  Thomas  Rowe. 

When  the  site  on  which  it  was  intended  the  edifice  should 
stand  had  been  made  clear,  the  length  of  the  area  from  east  to 
west  on  the  Cornhill  side  was  found  to  be  161  feet  6  inches. 
From  Cornhill  to  Broad  Street  on  the  Swan  Alley  side,  was  198 
feet,  and  on  the  New  Alley  side,  149  feet  6  inches.  The  City  paid 
to  the  proprietors  of  the  soil  for  the  whole  number  of  houses 
220  8£.  6$.  Sd.j  to  the  tenants  for  their  leases  1222£  14*.  0^.,  and 
in  legal  and  other  expenses  101£.  16*.  6d.,  making  in  all 
353 2£.  17 's.  Zd.  Towards  defraying  which,  the  City  possessed 
204£  13*.  4<cl.  The  materials  of  the  houses  pulled  down  were  sold 
for  478£.  3$.  4^.,  and  twenty  of  the  principal  Companies  con- 
tributed 1685£.  9*.  Id.  On  the  13th  September,  1566,  an  account 
was  rendered  by  Sir  Thomas  Howe  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Com- 
missioners up  to  that  day ;  by  which  it  appears  that  their  receipts 
had  about  equalled  their  disbursements. 

No  one  can  have  compared  the  view  of  the  Royal  Exchange 
with  the  Bourse  at  Antwerp,  without  being  struck  with  the  extra- 
ordinary resemblance  which  those  edifices  bore  to  one  another, 
which  is  sufficiently  explained  by  the  fact  that  a  Flemish  architect 
was  employed  to  superintend  the  progress  of  the  building.  In 
dough's  letters  to  his  master,  this  individual  is  termed  Henryke, 
as  in  the  following  passage,  dated  July  22,  "  Towching  the  steves 
and  other  thyngs  you  wryte  for,  they  are  in  hand,  and  shall  be 
sent  to  you  as  soone  as  they  are  done  :  beying  glad  that  you  do  so 


*  Stow's  Chronicle,  p.  667,  ed.  Lond.  1631. 


282  "  JFortJiies"  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

well  lyke  Henryke,  and  that  your  works  go  so  well  forwards. 
So  that,  when  he  comyth  over,  I  wyll  follow  your  order  for  the 
rest."  From  this,  and  other  passages,  it  would  appear  that  the 
artist  was  in  the  habit  of  migrating  from  London  to  Antwerp,  for 
the  purpose  of  providing  in  the  latter  city  the  materials  necessary 
for  the  prosecution  of  the  work  he  had  in  hand  in  London. 
cf  Henryke  and  his  men  arryved  here,  and  the  carpendere  also, 
whom  I  do  mene  shortly  to  retourne,"  says  Clough,  writing  from 
Antwerp,  August  4,  1566.  It  is  quite  surprising  to  perceive,  from 
the  incidental  notices  contained  in  his  correspondence,  to  what  an 
extent  at  this  period  an  English  edifice  was  indebted  to  continental 
artificers,  not  merely  for  its  decorations,  but  for  its  most  material 
features.  "  And  as  touching  your  things  belonging  to  the  Burse, 
they  shall  be  provyded  here,  and  sent  away  as  soon  as  they  shall 
be  ready." — "  And  wyll  not  fayle  but  to  send  both  the  wainscot 
and  the  glass  by  the  fyrst  ship  that  shall  depart  for  those  parts. 
And  for  that  he  shall  be  well  servyd  of  his  wainscot,  I  do  now 
send  one  to  Amsterdam  to  provyde  wainscot  for  the  Bourse."  And 

in  April,  1567,  "  your  Worship's  man  and  his  fellow be  here, 

ready  to  pass  (in)  these  next  ships  for  London  ;  wherefore,  I  mean 
to  send  them  in  one  of  the  shippes  layden  with  stone  for  the 
Borsse,  for  the  which  there  ys  three  ships  readie  to  depart  from 
hence,  as  tomorrow,  yf  that  the  wynde  serve  them."  The  erection 
of  the  Bourse  thus  went  forward ;  and  in  the  course  of  a  few 
months  sufficient  progress  had  been  made  to  render  it  desirable  to 
introduce  the  statues,  all  of  which,  with  the  exception  of  Queen 
Elizabeth's,  appear  to  have  been  made  in  England.  "  I  have 
received  the  pictures  you  wryte  of,"  says  Clough,  "  whereof  I  wyll 
cause  the  Queene's  Majestie's  to  be  made,  and  wyll  sende  you  the 
rest  back  againe  with  that,  so  soon  as  yt  ys  done." 

"  A.D.  1570,  on  the  23rd  of  Januarie,  the  Queene's  Majestic,  attended  by 
her  nobilitie,  came  from  her  house  at  the  Strande,  called  Somerset  House, 
and  entered  the  city  by  Temple  Bar,  through  Fleete  Streete,  Cheapside,  and 
so  by  the  North  side  of  the  Burse,  to  Sir  Thomas  Gresham's  in  Bishopsgate 
Street,  where  she  dined.  After  dinner,  her  majestic  returning  through 
Cornhill,  entered  the  Burse  on  the  south  side,  and  after  that  she  had  viewed 
every  part  thereof  above  the  ground,  especially  the  pawne,  which  was  richlie 
furnished  with  all  sorts  of  the  finest  wares  in  the  citie ;  she  caused  the  same 
burse,  by  a  heralde  and  a  trompet,  to  be  proclaimed  the  ROYAL  EXCHANGE, 
and  so  to  be  called  from  thenceforth,  and  not  otherwise." — Brief  Memoir  of 
Sir  T.  Gresham,  p.  8,  ed.  Lond.  1832. 

The  last  passage  in  dough's  letters,  where  the  slates  for  the 
Bourse  are  mentioned,  is  October,  1567,  which  corresponds  with 


Sir  Thomas  Gresham.  283 

Stow's  narrative — "By  the  month  of  November,  in  the  year  1567, 
the  same  was  covered  with  slate,  and  shortly  after  fully  finished.""* 

The  haste  in  which  the  Royal  Exchange  had  been  built  (begun 
June  1J,  1566,  and  covered  in  November,  1567)  seems  to  have 
been  inimical  to  its  due  stability,  for  the  Ward  Book  of  Cornhill* 
under  so  early  a  date  as  1581,  contains  a  copy  of  a  supplication 
presented  by  the  Ward  Inquest  to  the  Lord  Mayor  and  Aldermen, 
requiring  them  t(  to  take  speedy  orders  for  repayring  the  upper 
parts  or  arches  of  the  Royal  Exchange,  being  on  the  S.W.  and  S. 
parts  thereof  within  the  said  Warde,  whereunto  the  Merchants  do 
commonly  resorte,  have  accesse,  and  do  walke,"  &c.  Another 
entry  in  the  Ward  Book,  under  the  date  1594,  gives  some  intima- 
tion as  to  the  manner  in  which  the  Vaults  were  appropriated : — 
"  Presented  William  Grimbel  for  keping  typlinge  in  the  Vaults 
under  the  Exchange  and  for  broyling  of  herringes,  sprots,  and 
bacon,  and  other  thinges  in  the  said  Vaults,  noisome  to  the  Mer- 
chaunts  and  others  resorting  to  the  Exchange." 

The  Exchange  having  been  destroyed  at  the  great  fire  of  London, 
it  appears  by  the  books  of  the  Mercers'  Company  that  on  the  2nd 
November  following  estimates  were  ordered  to  be  prepared  for  its 
rebuilding  : — Feb.  1666-7.  The  joint  committee  of  the  Corporation 
and  the  Mercers'  Company  directed  the  ground  to  be  cleared  and 
prepared.  May  3.  That  artists  having  applied  for  instructions, 
the  committee  agreed  that  the  new  Exchange  should  be  built  upon 
the  old  foundations,  &c.  On  Oct.  23  King  Charles  II.  laid  the  base 
of  the  column  on  the  west  side  of  the  north  entrance.  His  Majesty 
and  suite  were  regaled  under  a  temporary  shed  upon  the  "  Scotch 
Walk"  with  a  chine  of  beef,  fowls,  ham,  dried  tongues,  anchovies, 
caviare,  and  wines.  On  the  31st  of  the  same  month  the  first  stone 
of  the  eastern  column  was  laid  by  the  Duke  of  York,  who  was  re- 
galed in  the  same  manner;  and  Nov.  18  following  Prince  Rupert 
laid  the  first  stone  of  the  pillar  on  the  east  side  of  the  south  entrance. 

During  the  rebuilding  the  Merchants  held  their  meetings  at 
Gresham  College.  The  New  Exchange  was  opened  September  28, 
1669  :  from  the  books  of  the  Mercers'  Company  it  appears  that 
the  total  cost  was  58,962^. 

Sir  Thomas  Gresham  had  for  some  years  meditated  the  foun- 
dation of  a  school  for  the  sons  of  the  Citizens  of  London,  but 


*  See  Burgon's  Life  of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  vol.  ii.  pp.  115-121. 


284  "  Worthies"  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

seems  to  have  been  undetermined  where  to  establish  it.  Each  of 
the  Universities  addressed  him  on  the  subject;  he,  however, 
resolved  to  convert  his  dwelling  house  in  Bishopsgate  Street  into 
a  College :  to  endow  it  with  the  revenues  arising  from  the  profits 
of  the  Royal  Exchange,  and  to  place  it  under  the  care  of  the  same 
Trustees.  The  situation  of  the  College,  the  accommodations  of 
the  Professors,  the  open  courts  and  walks,  with  the  offices,  stables 
and  gardens,  were  all  well  adapted  for  the  purpose ;  the  stipends 
for  the  Professors  were  also  considered  liberal  for  the  period,  the 
stated  annual  payments  as  directed  by  the  will,*  amounted  to 
603£.  6s.  %d.,  while  the  yearly  rents  of  the  Exchange  received  by 
him  were  740^.,  but  the  Lady  Anne  Gresham  was  to  enjoy  both  the 
Mansion  and  the  Exchange  during  her  life,  in  case  she  survived  him. 

Sir  Thomas  having  thus  settled  his  affairs,  was  at  liberty  to 
enjoy  the  fruits  of  his  past  labours,  but  the  manner  of  his  death 
discovered  his  prudence  in  not  having  deferred  the  performance  of 
his  good  intentions  to  a  sick  bed,  for  upon  Saturday,  Nov.  21, 1579, 
between  six  and  seven  o'clock  in  the  evening,  coming  from  the 
Exchange  to  his  house  in  Bishopsgate  Street,  he  suddenly  fell 
down  in  his  kitchen,  and  died  immediately  afterwards.  His 
obsequies  were  performed  in  a  very  solemn  manner  in  the  Church 
of  St.  Helen,  where  he  had  prepared  a  sumptuous  tomb,  without 
any  epitaph  or  inscription. f  The  funeral  was  attended  by  100  poor 
men  and  the  like  number  of  poor  women,  whom  he  had  ordered  to 
be  clothed  in  black  gowns  of  five  shillings  and  eight  pence  per  yard. 
The  charges  of  the  funeral  amounted  to  eight  hundred  pounds. 

By  the  inventory  of  his  goods  taken  after  his  decease  his  chief 
seat  appears  to  have  been  at  Mayfield  in  Sussex,  one  room  of 
which  was  called  the  Queen's  Chamber,  and  the  furniture,  &c., 
belonging  to  it,  were  estimated  at  7553£.  10$.  8d. 

Sir  Thomas  is  stated  to  have  been  generous  and  kind  in  all  his 
actions.  He  was  the  great  friend  and  patron  of  the  Martyrologist 
John  Foxe.  Hugh  Gough,  who  dedicated  a  book  to  him,  par- 
ticularly acknowledges  his  great  liberality.  His  house  was  some- 

*  Pepys's  Diary,  vol.  ii.  p.  282,  ed.  Lond.  1848.  "  Sept.  7, 1666.  This  day 
onr  Merchants  first  met  at  Gresham  College,  which,  by  proclamation,  is  to  be 
their  Exchange."  For  Sir  T.  Gresham's  Will,  see  Appendix. 

f  See  Holinshed's  Chronicle,  vol.  iv.  p.  426.  Until  A.D.  1736,  the  monu- 
ment bore  no  inscription.  Then  the  f  oUowing  words  from  the  Eegister  were 
inscribed :— "  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  Knight,  buryd  Decemb  the  15th,  1579," 


Sir  Thomas  Gresham.  285 

times  appointed  for  the  reception  of  foreign  princes  upon  their 
first  arrival  in  London.  The  most  shining  part  of  his  character 
appears  in  his  public  benefactions,  nor  ought  his  charities  to  the 
poor,  his  eight  almshouses,  and  liberal  donations  to  the  ten  prisons 
and  hospitals  of  London  be  forgotten. 

Dame  Anne  Gresham  continued  to  reside  after  his  decease  in 
the  Mansion  in  London  in  the  winter,  and  at  Osterley  in  the 
summer  season.  In  1581  an  Act  of  Parliament  was  passed  for 
establishing  an  agreement  between  Lady  Gresham  and  Sir  Henry 
Nevill,  and  confirming  the  good  uses  and  intents  of  the  will, 
Lady  Gresham  still  receiving  the  rents  and  profits,  which  then 
amounted  to  the  yearly  value  of  75 1£.  5<s.  0<#.  The  leases  of 
twenty-one  years  granted  by  Sir  Thomas  Gresham  being  nearly 
expired,  she  prevailed  upon  the  tenants  to  take  fresh  leases  of  her 
for  the  like  term  at  the  old  rents,  with  the  addition  of  premiums 
amounting  to  4000^  This  was  done  a  few  months  only  before 
her  decease,  which  took  place  Nov.  23,  1596,  at  Osterley  Park, 
from  whence  she  was  brought  to  London,  and  buried  in  the  same 
vault  with  her  husband  on  the  14th  December,*  leaving  one  son, 
William,  by  her  former  husband,  who  was  knighted  and  lived  to  a 
great  age,  as  appears  from  a  remarkable  cause  in  which  he  was 
engaged  in  the  year  1621,  for  being  then  outlawed  upon  an  indict- 
ment for  not  repairing  a  bridge,  he  was  afterwards  admitted  to  his 
Writ  of  Error,  and  moved  to  pursue  it  by  his  attorney ;  but  as  this 
was  against  the  rule  of  the  Court,  all  the  lawyers  agreed  that  he  must 
appear  in  person,  and  therefore  being  brought  from  his  house,  ten 
miles  from  London,  in  a  horse  litter,  and  upon  men's  shoulders  into 
Court,  he  there  assigned  his  error  and  put  in  bail.  He  was  then 
eighty-three  years  old,  and  had  kept  his  bed  upwards  of  a  year.  His 
son,  Sir  Thomas  Reade,  married  Mildred,  the  second  daughter  of 
Thomas  Cecil,  Lord  Burghley,  died  at  Osterley,  July  3, 1595,  and  was 
buried  July  14  in  Sir  Thomas  Gresham' s  vault  in  St.  Helen's  Church. 

About  1645  several  ingenious  men  who  resided  in  London,  and 
were  interested  in  the  progress  of  Natural  Philosophy,  agreed  to 
meet  once  a  week  to  discourse  on  subjects  connected  with  those 


*  "  The  funeral  of  Dame  Gresham,  wyfe  of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  Knyght, 
who  was  buryed  the  18th  of  Dec.  1596,  at  the  Chryche  of  St.  Ellens,  London. 
The  officers  serving  then  were  Clarencieux  and  Rouge  Croix,  pursuivants-at- 
arms,  who  received  for  their  ffees  fourtye  pounds.  T.  Eouge  Croix."  Har- 
leian  MS.  No.  6033. 


286  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

sciences.  The  Meetings  were  held  sometimes  in  Dr.  Goddard's 
lodgings  in  Wood  Street — because  he  kept  in  his  house  an  operator 
for  grinding  glasses  for  telescopes — sometimes  inGresham  College. 
In  the  year  1648-9  several  of  the  gentlemen  who  used  to  attend 
these  meetings  being  appointed  to  situations  in  the  University  of 
Oxford,  they  instituted  a  similar  society  in  that  city.  The  greatest 
part  of  these  Oxford  gentlemen  coming  to  London  in  1659,  held 
their  meetings  twice  a  week  at  Gresham  College.  These  meetings 
were  continued  till  the  Members  were  scattered  after  the  resig- 
nation of  Richard  Cromwell,  when  their  place  of  meeting  was 
converted  into  quarters  for  soldiers ;  but  after  the  restoration  of 
King  Charles  II.  in  1660,  these  meetings  were  revived  and  still 
more  numerously  attended.  On  the  28th  Nov.  1660,  a  number 
of  gentlemen  met  in  Mr.  Rooke's  apartment  in  Gresham  College, 
and  agreed  to  constitute  themselves  into  a  Society  for  the  Pro- 
motion of  all  kinds  of  Experimental  Philosophy.  Regulations  were 
drawn  up,  and  a  weekly  contribution  of  a  shilling  was  collected 
from  each  of  the  Members,  in  order  to  defray  the  expenses  of 
their  experimental  investigations.  At  first  the  number  was  limited 
to  fifty-five,  but  it  was  afterwards  extended,  and  finally  ad- 
mission was  left  open  to  every  proper  candidate.  Such  was  the 
origin  of  the  Royal  Society  of  London.  On  July  15,  1662,  a 
Royal  Charter  was  granted  by  Charles  II. ;  their  first  meetings 
were  held  at  Gresham  College.  They  afterwards  removed  to 
Crane  Court,  Fleet  Street,  where  they  continued  to  hold  their 
meetings  until  1780,  when  apartments  were  provided  for  them  in 
Somerset  House,  where  they  always  afterwards  met  until  their 
removal  in  1874  to  Burlington  House,  Piccadilly,  rebuilt  for  the 
Royal  Academy  of  Arts,  and  other  learned  Societies. 

C^SAE  ADELMAEE. 

Caesar  Adelmare*  was  the  second  son  of  Peter  Maria  Adelmare 
and  Paola  Csesarino.  The  family  was  of  Italian  origin,  and  had 

*  The  following  details  have  been  supplied  by  Miss  F.  E.  Cottrel-Dormer, 
of  Danes  Dyke,  Flamborough,  a  lineal  descendant  of  the  Caesar  family  : — 
"  The  facts  relating  to  the  family  of  Adelmare  were  taken  from  a  Latin  MS. 
(brought  with  an  English  translation)  by  my  great-grandmother  to  Een- 
shaw,  Oxfordshire,  on  her  marriage  to  Sir  Charles  Cottrell-Dormer,  Knight, 
from  MS.  written  by  Nicholas  Maurus,  of  Treviso,  1598. 

"  The  Adelmary,  Adelmari,  or  Adimari,  came  from  Florence  :  but  in  the 
wars  between  the  Houses  of  Guelph  and  Gibeline,  they  being  adherents  of 


Casar  Adelmare.  287 

been  long  seated  in  the  city  of  Treviso,  near  Venice,  in  the  rank 
of  nobility.  P.  M.  Adelmare  was  a  Doctor  of  both  laws,  and  par- 
ticularly eminent  as  a  civilian.  He  had  three  sons,  of  whom  the 
second  having  been  educated  for  the  medical  profession,  in  which 
he  had  taken  his  degree  of  Doctor  in  the  University  of  Padua, 
came  into  England  in  the  year  1550.  Italy  at  that  time  produced 
many  eminent  medical  men.  Having  practised  for  some  time  in 
London,  Dr.  Adelmare  was  appointed  Physician  to  Queen  Mary  ; 
and  in  the  following  reign  was  at  the  head  of  the  medical  depart- 
ment at  Court.  His  reputation  long  survived  him,  for  we  find 
among  the  Sloane  Manuscripts  in  the  British  Museum  a  volume 
of  recipes  inscribed  "  Ex.  Manuscriptis  D.  Dris  Csesar  Excerpta/' 
1683,  of  240  pages,  which  Sir  Hans  had  taken  the  pains  to  tran- 
scribe very  neatly.  However  his  skill  might  have  been  esteemed 
at  Court,  we  do  not  find  that  he  experienced  any  extraordinary 
degree  of  liberality  from  either  of  the  princesses  whom  he  served. 
He  had  a  lease  for  twenty-one  years  from  1566  from  the  Crown  of 
the  prebend  of  Higher  Hayne  and  other  lands  in  the  county  of 
Devon,  which  were  leased  to  him  at  24£.  8s.  4<cl.  ^  ann.  He  had 
also  a  lease  for  twenty- one  years  from  Michs.  1568  jointly  with 
Thomas  Coleshill  at  the  yearly  rent  of  SI.  16s.  Id.  of  the  rectory 
of  St.  Helen's,*  in  which  parish  he  had  on  the  21st  May,  1561, 
purchased  of  the  son  of  Balthasar  Quercy  an  estate  which  had 
been  granted  to  that  Balthasar,  by  letters  patent  of  the  21st  April, 
1539,  and  therein  denominated,  the  neat  housef  and  gardens, 
late  part  of  the  dissolved  priory  of  St.  Helen's,  situate  within  the 
close  of  the  said  priory.  Here  Dr.  Adelmare  fixed  his  residence, 
and  in  1569  died,  and  was  buried  in  the  Chancel  of  the  parish  church. 


the  Guelphs,  settled  at  Treviso  in  the  reign  of  Frederic  II.,  where  we  find 

them  A.D.  1240,  and  they  remained  there  some  300  years Peter  Maria, 

son  of  Bonfrank,  many  years  Judge  at  Treviso,  and  also  Ambassador 
to  the  Emperor  Maximilian,  married  Paula,  daughter  and  heiress  of  John  de 
Paulo  Caesarino,  of  the  ducal  family  of  that  name.  Their  second  son  seems 
simply  to  have  called  himself  Csesar  Adelmare,  Caesar  in  his  case  being  pro- 
bably his  baptismal  name.  He  settled  in  England,  and  became  physician  to 
Queen  Mary  Tudor,  and  after  her  death  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  the  latter  queen 
having,  it  is  said,  expressed  her  wish  that  he  should  take  an  English  wife : 
lie  married  a  Mrs.  Margaret  Perrin."  The  information  supplied  by  Miss 
Cottrell-Dormer  is  distinguished  by  the  initials  F.  E.  C.-D. 

*  See  above,  p.  48. 

f  This  house  was  No.  29,  Great  St.  Helen's,  which  has  long  since  been 
demolished.  The  ground  is  now  covered  with  modern  offices. 


288  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helen's. 

Dr.  Adelmare  married  Margaret,  daughter  of  Martin  Perin  or 
Perient,  who  is  styled  in  the  visitation  of  Kent  made  in  1619, 
Treasurer  in  Ireland.  By  this  Margaret  he  had  five  sons  and 
three  daughters.  His  widow  was  afterwards  married  to  Michael 
Lock  of  London. 

Julius  Caesar  was  born  at  Tottenham  in  1557,  and  baptized  at 
St.  Dunstan's  on  the  10th  February  in  that  year  by  the  names  of 
Julius  Caesar,  the  latter  of  which  he  afterwards  adopted  as  a  sur- 
name, almost  wholly  abandoning  that  of  his  ancestors,  while  some 
of  his  brothers  and  their  issue  even  to  a  late  period  in  some 
measure  retained  it  by  using  the  designation  of  Caesar,  alias 
Adelmare.  The  exalted  rank  of  his  Sponsors  at  the  font  affords 
a  sufficient  proof  of  the  estimation  in  which  his  father  was  held 
at  Court.  They  were  William  Powlett,  Marquis  of  Winchester 
and  Lord  Treasurer ;  Henry  Fitzalan,  Earl  of  Arundel,  and  the 
Queen  herself,  represented  by  the  Lady  Montacute.  It  would 
have  been  strange  if  the  son  of  an  Italian,  who  was  in  the  service 
of  the  most  bigoted  popish  Sovereign  in  Europe,  had  received  the 
rudiments  of  religious  education  in  any  other  faith ;  but  he  lost  his 
father  when  he  was  only  twelve  years  old,  and  his  mother  re- 
marrying a  zealous  Protestant,  his  youthful  mind  was  easily  turned 
to  that  persuasion,  and  he  became  a  student  at  Magdalen  Hall, 
Oxford,  where  he  took  his  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts,  17th  May, 
1575,  and  that  of  Master  of  Arts  at  Midsummer  Term,  1578.* 

He  remained  at  the  University  until  the  end  of  the  following 
year,  when  he  went  to  Paris,  to  finish  the  study  of  his  profession 
as  a  civilian,  and  on  the  15th,  18th,  and  22nd  April,  1581,  was 
admitted  there  Bachelor,  Licentiate,  and  Doctor  of  both  Laws, 
having  had  the  last  of  those  degrees  conferred  on  him  also  at 
Oxford  on  the  fifth  of  the  preceding  month.  On  the  10th  May, 
15b2,  he  received  the  complimentary  appointment  of  advocate  in 
the  Parlement  of  Paris,  and  a  few  weeks  afterwards  returned  to 
England,  which  he  seems  never  again  to  have  quitted.  On  the 
9th  October  he  received  his  first  public  professional  employment, 

*  Lodge  says,  "  We  learn  many  of  these  facts,  &c.,  particularly  those  to 
which  dates  are  affixed,  from  a  paper  among  the  MSS.  of  Dr.  Birch,  pre- 
served in  the  British  Museum,  indorsed — '  Extracts  of  a  MS.  in  vol.  v.  of 
the  MSS.  of  Sir  Julius  Caesar:'  'A  short  memorial  or  brief  chronicle  of 
things  past  concerning  my  father,  myself,  my  wives  and  children.'  "  Lodge 
says  that  the  papers  of  Sir  Julius  were  sold  for  201.  by  his  great-great- 
grandson,  Charles  Caesar.  F.  E.  C.-D. 


Caesar  Adelmare.  289 

which  was,  to  use  his  own  words,  that  "  of  Justice  of  the  Peace  in 
all  causes  of  piracy,  and  such  like  throughout  the  land,"  an  office 
no  longer  known,  and  the  precise  duties  and  faculties  of  which  it 
might  perhaps  be  difficult  to  define.  On  the  fifteenth  of  the  same 
month  he  was  appointed  Chancellor  to  the  Master  of  the  Royal 
Peculiar  of  St.  Katharine's,  near  the  Tower.  He  now  laid  the 
surest  foundation  for  his  advantage  by  a  most  prudent  match  with 
Dorcas,  daughter  of  Richard  Martin,  an  Alderman  of  London, 
who  was  afterwards  knighted,  filled  the  office  of  Lord  Mayor, 
A.D.  1593,  and  was  Master  of  the  Mint  in  the  reigns  of  Elizabeth 
and  James  I.  To  this  lady,  who,  although  scarcely  twenty  years 
old,  was  already  the  widow  of  Richard  Lusher,  a  student  of 
the  Middle  Temple,  he  was  married  February  26th  in  the  same 
year,  according  to  the  old  style  of  calculation. 

In  1583,  as  we  are  informed  by  his  journal,  he  was  nominated 
Counsellor  to  the  City  of  London,  and  on  the  26th  of  the  following 
December  was  made  Commissary  of  Essex,  Herts,  and  Middlesex. 
"  These  were  his  several  gradations  towards  the  Bench,  and  he 
became  Judge  of  the  Admiralty  Court,  April  30th,  in  the  following 
year.  It  seems  strange  that  this  dignified  promotion  should  have 
been  almost  immediately  succeeded  by  his  acceptance  of  a  very 
inferior  appointment,  as,  on  the  2 1st  June,  he  was  sworn  in  a 
Master  in  Chancery,  of  the  class  which  is  denominated  '  extra- 
ordinary/ since  he  afterwards  tells  us,  Oct.  9th,  1588 — ( I  was 
admitted  a  Master  in  Chancery  in  Ordinary  -,'  but  it  was  one 
feature  of  the  rudeness  of  those  times  for  persons  to  hold  offices 
widely  dissimilar  in  their  character  and  in  the  degrees  of  dignity 
and  profit." 

"On  the  15th  September,  1584,  his  first  child  was  born,  and 
named  after  her  mother,  Dorcas.  She  was  married,  when  very 
young,  to  Thomas  Anderson,  Esq.,  a  barrister,  and  died  childless, 
at  her  husband's  house  at  Thames  Ditton,  in  Surrey,  of  an  impost- 
hume  or  dropsy,  April  1,  1608.  His  second  child,  Charles,  who 
died  at  a  month  old,  was  born  Oct.  3rd,  1586  \  and  his  third,  Julius, 
on  the  14th  February,  1587,  of  whose  premature  death  he  has  the 
following  note  in  his  minutes  for  the  year  1607.  Jan.  8th,  says 
he: — 'My  second  son  and  third  child,  Juley,  being  upon  the 
point  of  twenty  years  of  age,  was  slain  in  Padua,  an  University  of 
Italy,  upon  a  private  quarrel  between  another  and  himself.'  His 

u 


290  "  Worthies"  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

third  son,  Charles,  who  thus  became  his  heir,  was  born  the  27th 
January,  1589." 

' '  The  slenderness  of  the  profits  of  his  respectable  office  induced 
him  about  that  time  to  solicit  some  aid  to  support  its  dignity, 
and  he  is  found  in  this  year,  1589,  making  the  heaviest  complaints 
of  the  hardships  of  his  situation,  the  circumstances,  however,  of 
which  it  is  impossible  precisely  to  conceive.  A  Judge  relieving 
the  wants  of  poor  suitors  in  his  Court  from  his  own  purse ;  ex- 
pending four  thousand  pounds  more  than  his  profits  (a  sum  equal 
at  least  to  ten  thousand  now)  in  seven  years,  on  occasions  of 
actual  public  service ;  and  sacrificing  his  interests  and  his  comforts 
to  a  high  sense  of  duty,  are  phenomena  which  we  cannot  hope  to 
solve,  and  which  in  these  days  must  be  utterly  incomprehensible." 

"On  the  10th  January,  1590,  Dr.  Csesar  was  sworn  into  the 
much-coveted  office  of  Master  of  Bequests,  and  thus  became  a 
medium  of  communication  between  the  Crown  and  the  petitioning 
suitors  of  his  Court,  being  now  enabled  to  obtain,  or  rather  to 
give,  prompt  answers,  and  to  procure  from  the  Sovereign  those 
occasional  extra-judicial  boons,  the  distribution  of  which  from  his 
private  means  had  nearly  dried  up  the  sources  of  his  own  liberality. 
These,  however,  were  almost  the  only  advantages  attending  his 
present  appointment,  which  was  that  of  a  Master  Extraordinary, 
and  probably  with  very  little,  if  any,  emolument."  About  five  years 
afterwards,  August  17th,  1595,  however,  his  suit  was  fully  granted ; 
for  he  says  in  his  minutes — "  Being  the  Lord's  day,  her  Majesty 
delivered  me  Bills  offered  to  her,  and  received  going  to  the  Chapel, 
and  so  possessed  me  of  my  ordinary  place  of  Master  of  the 
Requests  attendant  on  her  person." 

"On  the  16th  July,  1591,  Elizabeth  signed  a  patent  to  him  for 
the  reversion  of  the  Mastership  of  St.  Katharine's  Hospital,  near 
the  Tower.  On  July  25th,  in  the  next  year,  he  was  put  into  the 
commission  of  the  peace  for  the  county  of  Middlesex  ;  was  chosen 
Treasurer  of  the  Inner  Temple,  November  llth,  1593,  and  soon 
afterwards,  December  6th,  appointed  Governor  of  the  Mine  and 
Battery  Works  throughout  England  and  Wales." 

"  On  the  30th  May,  1595,  his  fourth  son,  Richard,  was  born  and 
baptized  at  Hornsey,  where  Dr.  Cassar  then  lived.  The  birth  of 
this  child,  who  did  not  survive  twelve  months,  was  fatal  to  the 
mother,  who  died  on  the  16th  of  the  ensuing  month,  at  the  age  of 


Ctesar  Adelmare.  291 

thirty-four,  and  was  buried  in  the  Temple  Church.  Dr.  Caesar 
did  not  remain  a  widower  quite  a  year.  April  10th,  1596,  he  says 
in  his  minutes,  ( 1  married  my  second  wife,  Alice  Dent,  of 
London,  widow,  at  her  house  at  Mitcham,  where  for  many  years 
after  this  date  he  fixed  his  rural  abode.  This  lady  died 
May  23rd,  1614,  and  was  buried  with  great  pomp,  June  30th,  at 
St.  Helen's/" 

"In  1596  he  succeeded  to  the  Mastership  of  St.  Katharine.  A 
letter  from  Dr.  Caesar  to  Lord  Burghley,  relative  to  this  appoint- 
ment, furnishes  an  anecdote  of  singular  curiosity.  It  appears,  not 
only  that  Dr.  Caesar  gave  500£.  to  Archibald  Douglas,  the  Scotch 
Ambassador,  as  a  bribe  for  his  interest  with  Elizabeth  to  procure 
the  appointment,  but  that  the  Ministers,  and  even  the  Queen  her- 
self, had  known  from  the  beginning  that  it  had  been  obtained  by 
means  of  a  bargain  of  that  kind,  though  they  were  not  previously 
informed  of  the  amount  of  the  sum.  Elizabeth,  who  neglected  no 
means  of  keeping  her  servants  in  a  state  of  dependence  on  herself, 
was  particularly  careful  to  prevent  their  becoming  rich.  She 
had  been  informed  that  he  had  paid  a  larger  douceur  to  Douglas 
than  he  really  had,  and  determined  to  stop  his  further  prefer- 
ment; he  was  therefore  obliged  to  make  this  candid  avowal, 
and  by  her  subsequent  conduct  it  appears  that  the  Queen  was 
satisfied." 

On  the  29th  October,  in  the  same  year,  Elizabeth  signed  his 
patent  for  100£  a  year  fee,  for  his  attendance  on  her  person 
and  in  the  Court  of  Requests.  He  now  made  his  London 
residence  at  St.  Katharine's,  where  his  fifth  son,  John,  was  born, 
October  20th,  1597. 

"  Having  thus  become  at  least  independent,  and  perhaps  growing 
wealthy,  Elizabeth  honoured  him  with  the  fearful  distinction  of  a 
visit.  Tuesday,  September  1 2th,  1598,  he  says,  "  The  Queen  visited 
my  house  at  Mitcham,  and  supped,  and  lodged  there,  and  dined 
there  next  day.  I  presented  her  with  a  gown  of  cloth  of  silver, 
richly  embroidered ;  a  black  network  mantle,  with  pure  gold ;  a 
taffeta  hat,  white,  with  flowers;  and  a  jewel  of  gold  set  therein 
with  rubies  and  diamonds.  Her  Majesty  removed  from  my  house 
after  dinner,  the  thirteenth  of  September,  to  Nonesuch,  with 
exceeding  good  contentment,  which  entertainment  of  her  Majesty, 
with  the  charge  of  the  former  disappointment,  amounted  to  Seven 

u  2 


292  "  Worthies"  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

Hundred  Pounds  sterling,  besides  mine  own  provisions,  and  what- 
ever was  sent  me  by  my  friends."* 

"  On  May  10th,  1600,  Dr.  Caesar  was  promoted  to  the  post  of 
eldest  Master  of  the  Court  of  Bequests;  on  the  17th  of  March 
following  his  sixth  son,  Thomas,  was  born,  as  was  on  the  9th 
October,  1602,  his  seventh  son  and  last  child,  Robert." 

"  The  Queen  died  March  24th,  in  the  same  year.  During  her 
reign  his  life  had  been  invariably  marked  by  anxiety  and  dis- 
content. A  better  fate  awaited  him  under  her  successor,"  James  I., 
by  whom  he  was  knighted  at  Greenwich,  May  20th,  1603.  "  In 
this  instance  the  title  was  honoured  rather  than  the  man." 

April  7th,  1606,  George  Hume,  Earl  of  Dunbar,  resigned  the 
offices  of  .Chancellor  and  Under  Treasurer  of  the  Exchequer.  On 
Friday,  the  llth,  the  King  gave  those  offices  to  Sir  Julius  Caesar. 
"  The  principal  duties  at  that  time  of  a  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
were  performed  in  the  capacity  of  Chief  Judge  in  that  Court, 
the  peculiar  province  of  which  was  to  administer  justice  in  all 
controversies  which  related  to  the  King's  revenues,  strictly  so 
called.  His  secondary  occupation  was  in  the  private  and  extra- 
judicial  conservation  and  management  of  the  sources  of  those 
revenues,  and  in  the  application  of  them  to  the  public  and  private 
disbursements  of  the  Crown."  Sir  Julius  now  grew  rapidly  into 
favour.  " '  On  Good  Friday,  May  13th,  1607/  say  his  minutes, 
f  I  was  licensed  to  come  into  the  Withdrawing  Chamber,  next  to 
the  Privy  Chamber,  where  the  Privy  Councillors  stay,  and  there 


*  See  Nichols'  Eoyal  Progresses,  vol.  iii.  pp.  428-9.     Ed.  Lond.  1823. 

A  portrait  at  Rensham,  Oxfordshire,  represents  Lady  Caesar  Adelmare 
at  the  time  when  the  Queen  came  to  visit  her  husband.  She  shortly  after- 
wards had  a  child,  who,  so  says  that  babbling  Dame  Tradition,  was  wrapped 
in  a  chemise  of  the  virgin  Queen,  left  behind  for  that  purpose,  which 
garment,  alas  !  was  lost  within  the  memory  of  man  by  the  Chester  family. 
This  Lady  Csesar  was  a  divorced  wife,  daughter  of  Mr.  Christopher  Grant, 
and  widow  of  a  Mr.  Dent  of  London.  Sir  Julius  had  first  married  Mrs. 
Dorcas  Martin,  who  died  1595.  The  child  above-mentioned  was  John  Caesar, 
who  died  1647.  Sir  Julius  married,  thirdly,  Mrs.  Anne  Hungate,  widow, 
daughter  of  Sir  Henry  Woodhouse  or  Wodehouse,  of  Waxham,  Norfolk.  I 
do  not  know  when  she  died.  She  was  niece  to  Sir  Francis  Bacon,  Lord 
Yerulam,  her  mother,  Lady  Wodehouse,  having  been  the  daughter  of  Sir 
Nicholas  Bacon,  Master  of  the  Eolls,  and  the  great  Bacon  died  in  the  arms 
of  Sir  Julius  Caesar,  who  was  sent  for  to  the  bedside  of  his  wife's  uncle  at 
the  house  of  Lord  Arundel,  at  Highgate,  1626. — See  Life  of  Lord  Bacon,  by 
Lord  Campbell,  pp.  425-6.  Ed.  London,  1846.— F.  E.  C.-D. 


Casar  Adelmare.  293 

to  stay  likewise  at  my  pleasure/  This  distinction  was  perhaps 
an  accustomed  prelude  to  that  dignity,  for  he  was  sworn  of  the 
Privy  Council  on  the  5th  of  the  succeeding  July." 

On  the  16th  January,  1610,  the  King  had  given  him  by  patent 
under  the  Great  Seal,  the  reversion  of  the  office  of  Master  of  the 
Eolls,  after  the  death,  forfeiture,  or  surrender  of  Sir  Edward 
Philips,  and  on  his  death,  September  llth,  1614,  he  was  accord- 
ingly promoted  to  it.  He  was  sworn  in  two  days  afterwards.  He 
had  lately  removed  from  St.  Katharine's  to  the  Strand,  nearly 
opposite  the  Savoy,  where  with  his  wife  he  laid  the  foundation  of 
a  New  Chapel,  August  10th,  1613,  which,  as  we  are  informed  by 
Stow,*  received  the  name  of  Cecil  Chapel,  and  was  consecrated 
on  the  8th  May  following  by  the  Bishop  of  London.f  Fifteen 
days  after  this  date  Lady  Caesar  died,  at  the  age  of  forty-four  years 
and  eleven  months,  and  was  buried  at  St.  Helen's. 

To  recur  to  the  private  life  of  Sir  Julius  Caesar :  his  love  of 
domestic  society  induced  him,  though  now  somewhat  advanced  in 
years,  to  take  a  third  wife.  On  April  19th,  161 5,  he  was  married  at 
the  Rolls  Chapel  to  Mrs.  Anne  Hungate,  a  widow,  of  an  age  not 
unsuitable  to  his  own.  "  Her  hand  was  given  to  Sir  Julius  at  the 
nuptial  ceremony  by  her  uncle,  the  great  Sir  Francis  Bacon,  then 
Attorney-General;  and  the  friendship  which  had  long  subsisted 
between  these  two  eminent  persons  was  strengthened  and  confirmed 
by  this  marriage.  That  glorious  and  melancholy  instance  of  the 
extent  of  human  wisdom  and  weakness,  the  philosopher  Bacon, 
found,  after  his  disgrace,  an  asylum  in  the  bosoms  of  his  nephew 
and  niece,  composed  many  of  his  immortal  works  in  an  utter  retire- 
ment in  the  house  of  Sir  Julius  Caesar ;  became  dependent  upon 
his  beneficence  for  a  becoming  support,  and  expired  in  his 
arms/' 

"December  12th,  1615  (as  we  are  informed  by  the  curious 
and  very  extensive  Common  Place  Book  of  his  grandson,  Mr. 
Charles  Caesar) ,  ( the  Earl  of  Essex  after  his  divorce,  having  been 
sentenced  to  pay  back  his  Lady's  portion,  to  raise  part  of  it,  sold 
his  hunting  house,  with  a  large  park  of  deer,  and  his  Manor  of 


*  Survey,  vol.  ii.  p.  108. 

f  "  John  King,  S.T.P.,  Archdeacon  of  Nottingham  and  Dean  of  Christ 
Church,  was  confirmed  Bishop  of  London,  Sept.  7th,  1611,  consecrated  at 
Lambeth,  Sept.  8th,  and  died  March  30th,  1621,  jetat.  62."— See  Le  Neve's 
Fasti,  vol.  ii.  p.  303.  Ed.  (Hardy)  Oxon,  1854. 


294  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helen's. 

Bennington,  in  Hertfordshire,  to  Sir  Julius  Csesar  for  the  sum  of 
fourteen  thousand  pounds/  '• 

"The  remainder  of  his  life  affords  few  circumstances  to  the 
biographer.  The  history  of  his  last  twenty  years  is  for  the  most 
part  written  in  the  records  of  his  Court.  His  own  minutes,  pre- 
served in  the  Lansdowne  Collection,*  present  us,  after  this  period, 
with  little  beyond  the  usual  records  of  an  old  man's  pen — complaints 
of  decaying  health,  and  lamentations  for  the  loss  of  friends." 

"  Sir  Julius  Csesar  died  on  Easter  Day,  April  18th,  1636,  O.S.,  in 
the  seventy-ninth  year  of  his  age,  and  was  buried  on  the  28th 
in  the  Chancelf  of  St.  Helen's  Church,  where  his  Monument  (exe- 
cuted, as  we  are  informed,  by  Mr.  Walpole),  at  a  charge  of  One 
Hundred  and  Ten  Pounds,  with  its  curious  device  and  inscription, 
designed  and  written  by  himself,  remains  in  a  state  of  high 
preservation/' 

"  His  Will,  dated  February  27th,  1635,  was  proved  the  day  after 
his  death.  It  contains  scarcely  any  except  charitable  legacies,  for 
his  affection  for  his  children,  his  natural  disinterestedness,  and  his 
professional  experience,  had  united  to  induce  him  to  settle  his  real 
estates  on  them  in  his  lifetime,  which  he  had  done,  as  he  there  in- 
forms us, '  many  years  before,  by  good  assurances  in  the  law/  He 
desires  to  be  buried  in  the  parish  church  of  St.  Helen's,  where  his 
'  father,  mother,  first  son  Charles,  only  daughter  Dorcas,  brother 
Sir  Thomas,  and  second  wife  Alice  lye,  in  the  upper  part  of  the 
Chancel,'  and  with  a  strict  charge  that '  all  manner  of  superfluities 
commonly  spent  on  funerals  may  be  avoided;'  and  that  his  body 
may  be  buried  '  whole  and  unopened,'  the  evening  after  his  death, 
or  with  all  convenient  expedition.  Then,  having  spoken  of  the 
settlement  on  his  children,  he  adds,  '  And  I  beseech  God  to  bless 
respectively  my  said  three  sons,  Charles,  John,  and  Robert,  and 
their  wives  and  children,  with  a  zeal  for  His  glory,  with  a  perfect 
love  and  practice  of  godliness  and  righteousness,  peace  and  truth, 
all  their  days ;  with  a  good  conscience,  to  walk  painfully,  soberly, 
justly,  and  religiously,  in  their  several  callings ;  to  hate  idleness, 
the  mother  of  all  vices;  to  abhor  all  excess  and  riot,  in  meat, 
drink,  apparel,  and  vain  delights ;  to  be  humble,  meek,  and  gentle- 
hearted,  doing  unto  all  men  as  they  would  be  done  unto,  avoiding 
quarrels,  and  all  occasions  of  quarrel,  all  the  days  of  their  lives ; 

*  Lansdowne  MSS.,  vol.  clxi.  No.  329. 
f  This  is  a  mistake.     The  monument  is  in  the  South-transept. 


Casar  Adelmare.  295 

that  so  living  in  the  fear  of  God,  they  may  so  die  in  His  favour, 
and  enter  at  their  deaths  into  the  eternal  life  of  glory,  by  the  only 
free  mercy  of  God,  in  the  merits  and  passion  of  our  Saviour  Jesus 
Christ/" 

<(  He  then  bequeaths  to  the  poor  of  Saint  Helen's  5/.,  to  the 
three  Brethren  and  three  Sisters  of  the  Hospital  of  St.  Katharine, 
31.  each,  and  to  each  of  the  ten  poor  Beadeswomen  40s. ;  to  the 
poorest  of  the  precincts  of  St.  Katharine  10^. ;  to  the  Hospitals  of 
St.  Bartholomew  and  St.  Thomas  in  Southwark  and  to  the  two 
Compters  and  the  prisons  of  Ludgate,  Newgate,  and  the  Fleet,  the 
King's  Bench,  Marshalsea,  and  the  White  Lion  in  Southwark,  and 
the  Gatehouse  in  West  minster,  and  to  Bethlehem  Hospital  5£  each/' 

"  He  gives  to  his  son,  Sir  Charles  Caesar,  of  Bennington,  his 
written  book  called  Polyanthea  Csesaris,  in  folio,  and  his  Enchiri- 
dion, both  written  by  his  own  hand ;  and  a  moiety  of  all  his 
written  books  to  be  found  either  in  his  study  at  Hackney,  or  in 
the  two  great  presses  at  the  Rolls ;  and  also  his  written  book  of 
the  Ten  Commandments,  the  Lord's  Prayer,  and  the  Three  Creeds 
in  Six  Languages,  with  divers  Psalms  of  David  and  Yerba  Verbi- 
Incarnati  in  Greek,  written  all  with  his  own  hand." 

"  To  his  son  Sir  John  Csesar,  of  Hide  Hall,  all  the  books  in  the 
Chapel  of  his  house  at  Hackney,  to  remain  to  that  house  so  long 
as  it  shall  continue  in  his  name  and  family;  and  to  his  son 
Robert,  one  of  the  Six  Clerks  in  Chancery,  his  written  book 
called  the  Register  of  the  Chancery,  and  the  other  moiety  of 
his  written  books  in  his  studies  at  Hackney  and  at  the  Rolls. 
The  residue,  plate,  jewels,  mares,  horses,  coaches,  caroches, 
household  staff,  implements  of  house,  ready  money,  silver  vessels, 
debts,  &c.,  he  bequeaths  to  his  wife,  Anne  Caesar,  whom  he  con- 
stitutes sole  executrix,  appointing  as  overseers  his  friends,  Sir 
Edmund  Bacon,  of  Redgrave  in  Suffolk,  Bart.,  and  Sir  Henry 
Marten,  Judge  of  the  Prerogative  Court,  Canterbury,  to  each  of 
whom  he  gives  30  oz.  of  gilt  plate." 

"  His  character  presents  to  us  a  picture  of  the  most  perfect 
integrity,  sweetened  and  adorned  by  great  mildness  of  temper, 
and  a  constant  benevolence.  '  He  clothed  his  very  denials/  saya 
Lloyd,*  '  in  such  robes  of  courtship,  as  that  it  were  not  easy  dis- 
cernible whether  the  request  or  denial  were  most  decent;  and 

*  State  Worthies. 


296  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

was  a  person  of  such  prodigious  bounty  to  all  persons  of  worth  or 
want,  that  he  might  seem  to  be  Almoner  General  of  England. 
A  Gentleman/  continues  the  same  writer,  fonce  borrowing  his 
coach,  which  was  as  well  known  to  the  poor  as  any  hospital  in  the 
kingdom,  was  so  followed  and  encompassed  with  the  London 
beggars,  that  it  cost  him  all  the  money  in  his  purse  to  satisfy 
their  importunity,  so  that  he  might  have  hired  twenty  hackney 
coaches  on  the  same  terms/  "  Isaac  Walton,  in  his  Life  of  Sir 
Henry  Wotton,*  who  had  been  promised  the  reversion  to  his 
place,  states  "that  Sir  Julius  Caesar  was  said  to  be  kept  alive 
beyond  Nature's  course  by  the  prayers  of  those  many  poor  whom 
he  daily  relieved."  His  conduct  on  the  Bench  displayed  the  most 
earnest  desire  to  do  justice,  the  most  unwearied  patience  in  the 
pursuit  of  it,  and  a  sympathy  in  the  sufferings  of  the  unfortunate 
who  came  under  his  judicial  observation,  of  which  no  parallel 
instance  can  be  found. 

"  Somewhat  of  his  more  private  and  domestic  character  may  be 
inferred  from  some  verses  written  by  himself,  and  to  which 
the  following  entry  in  his  minutes  may  properly  serve  as  an 
introduction.  'This/  he  says,  'was  the  answer  of  my  god- 
father, William  Poulet,  Knt.,  Lord  St.  John,  Earl  of  Wiltshire, 
Marquis  of  Winchester,  Lord  High  Treasurer  of  England,  being 
demanded  by  an  inward  friend,  how  he  had  lived  in  the  times  of 
King  Edward  IV.,  King  Richard  III.,  King  Henry  VII.,  King 
Henry  VIII.,  King  Edward  VI.,  Queen  Mary,  and  Queen 
Elizabeth,  in  all  times  of  his  life  increasing  in  greatness  of  honour 

and  preferment. 

"  '  Late  supping  I  forbear ; 

Wine  and  Women  I  forswear ; 
My  neck  and  feet  I  keep  from  cold : 
No  marvel  then  though  I  be  old, 
I  am  a  willow,  not  an  oak : 
I  chide,  but  never  hurt  with  stroke.' " 

In  the  Commonplace  Book  of  his  grandson,  Mr.  Charles  Caesar, 
we  find  the  following  continuation,  entitled  by  him  "  Sir  Julius 
Caesar's  Notes." 

"  Never  let  wrath  dwell  in  thy  house, 
Wrath  reason  doth  subdue ; 
It  breeds  sharp  fevers,  and  by  it 
May  sudden  death  ensue. 


*  P.  92.     Ed.  Oxford,  1824. 


The  Caesar  Family.  297 

Awake  with  joy,  arise  with  speed ; 

Attire  thyself  as  them  hast  need  ; 

Wash  hands  and  face,  and  comb  thy  head  ; 

Pray,  and  peruse  the  holy  read ; 

Then  to  thy  calling  thee  apply ; 

Let  not  extortion  gain  thereby ; 

So  that  thou  do  to  every  wight 

As  thou  wouldst  him  to  do  thee  right. 

"  If  thou  be  free,  become  not  bound ; 
If  wrapt  in  debt,  or  likewise  found 
Deceived  by  choice  of  wicked  wife, 
Thank  God,  but  still  beware  of  strife. 
If  she  do  chide,  no  answer  give, 
Her  wants  supply,  her  griefs  relieve ; 
Rejoice  in  her,  and  please  her  still, 
And  always  let  her  have  her  will. 
But,  above  all,  fear  God  above ; 
And  live  and  die  in  perfect  love ; 
And  seek  for  bliss  in  Christ  alone, 
Who  died  to  rid  thee  from  all  grone." 

Sir  Julius  Caesar  sold  the  house  No.  29  in  Great  St.  Helen's 
in  1581  to  William  Harrington,  from  whom  it  passed  in  1590  to 
William  Bond,  and  from  him  in  1595  to  William,  Thomas,  and 
William  Hewitt.  It  was  conveyed  by  the  Hewitt  family  in  1674 
to  George  Finch,  and  passed  from  his  son  William  Finch  in  1716 
to  Edward  Browne,  in  whose  family  it  remained  till  1788,  when 
Elizabeth  Browne  sold  it  to  Thomas  Woodroffe  Smith,  of  Stock- 
well  Park,  in  the  county  of  Surrey. 

Sir  Thomas  Caesar,  Knight,*  the  third  son  of  Dr.  Adelmare, 
was  born  in  1561.  He  became  a  Barrister  of  considerable  fame 
and  practice,  and  was  raised  to  the  dignity  of  a  Baron  of  the  Ex- 
chequer on  the  26th  May,  1610,  and  was  knighted  at  Whitehall 
on  the  25th  of  the  following  month. 

He  was  thrice  married.  His  first  wife  died  about  the  end  of 
June,  1590,  as  appears  by  her  will,  made  with  the  consent  of  her 
husband.  She  there  styles  herself  Susan, "  wife  of  Thomas  Dalmare, 
alias  Caesar,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  Gent./'  and  bequeaths  to  her 
mother,  Chapman,  a  ring  of  gold  with  a  red  stone ;  and  to  her  son 
Thomas,  and  her  daughters  Ellen  and  Margery,  61.  13s.  4>d.  each, 

*  The  memoirs  of  the  several  members  of  the  Caesar  family,  although  not 
in  direct  succession  to  the  period,  when  other  "  "Worthies"  of  St.  Helen's 
lived,  here  follow  in  order  to  preserve  a  continuous  reference  to  the  particulars 
concerning  them. 


298  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helen's. 

all  of  whom  died  infants.  His  second  wife  was  Anne,  daughter  of 
George  Lynn  of  Southwick,  in  the  county  of  Northampton,  Esq., 
and  widow  of  Nicholas  Beeston,  a  Lincolnshire  gentleman,  who 
died  childless. 

Sir  Thomas  Caesar  married  thirdly,  at  Stepney,  January  18th, 
1592,  Susan,  daughter  of  Sir  William  Ryther,  Knight,  an  Alder- 
man of  London.  This  lady  and  her  sister  Mary,  the  wife  of  Sir 
Thomas  Lake,  one  of  the  Secretaries  of  State  to  King  James  I., 
became  by  the  death  of  their  only  brother,  Ferdinando,  in 
1603,  co-heirs  to  their  father,  and  jointly  inherited  his  great 
wealth.  This  lady  brought  Sir  Thomas  three  sons  and  five 
daughters. 

"  Of  Sir  Thomas  Caesar's  public  and  professional  life  we  have  no 
account,  beyond  his  general  reputation  as  a  sound  lawyer,  an  able 
pleader,  and  an  upright  judge.  Some  opinion  of  his  domestic 
character  may  be  formed  from  the  following  short  extract  from  a 
letter  to  his  brother,  Sir  Julius,  marking  so  strongly  the  honest 
good-humour  and  kindness  of  the  writer: — 

" .  .  .  .  There  are  offered  me  now  to  be  sold  three  manners 
in  this  Countie  for  4000J.  If  the  price,  title,  and  assurance 
thereof,  after  good  and  deliberate  view  and  considerac'on  thereof 
(for  I  have  not  yet  surveyed  them)  shall  like  me,  I  pray  tell  my 
swete  sister,  yor  diamonde,  that  I  will  not  forget  the  imployment  of 
hir  stocke  to  the  ratable  benefite  of  so  muche  money ;  and  if  it 
returne  under  20  in  the  100  gayner,  tell  hir  I  shall  think  my 
paynes  ill  imployed  for  hir  :  but,  if  wee  deale,  how  great  soever  the 
gayne  shalbe,  it  shalbe  hir's,  according  to  the  proporc'on  of  hir 
adventure.  I  hope  yor  jointe  and  sev'rall  issues  be  well:  God 
blesse  them  all,  and  make  you  happy  parents  of  them.  My  sweet 
harte  and  I,  with  my  brothers  Beck  and  Peck,  and  their  wives,  doe 
all  of  us  recommend  or  duties  to  yorself,  and  my  sweete  sister  yor 
wief,  and  do  pray  you  to  remembr  us  to  my  brother  Charles,  and 
my  brother  Henry,  when  you  shall  see  them.  And  so,  readie  to 
doe  you  or  my  Sister  any  service  in  theis  pts  or  elsewhere  I  commend 
you  to  the  m'cifull  p'tecc'on  of  the  Almightie.  From  Eastmeaiie, 
thisl7ofM'chel597. 

"  Yor  most  assured  loving  brother, 

"THOS.  CJESAB."* 

*  Lansdowne  MSS.,  vol.  clx.  No.  169. 


The  Casar  Family.  299 

Sir  Thomas  Caesar  died  June  9th,  1621,  and  his  widow  remarried  to 
Thomas,  second  son  of  Sir  John  Philpott,  of  Compton  Wascelin, 
in  Hants,  Knight,  and  died  in  the  year  1640. 

Of  the  other  sons  of  Dr.  Adelmare,  Charles,  the  second  son, 
was  a  military  man  of  high  reputation,  and  died  childless.  Of  the 
fourth  son,  William,  we  have  no  further  intelligence  than  that  he 
was  an  eminent  merchant ;  and  the  fifth  son,  Henry,  studied  at 
Oxford,  and  also  at  Cambridge.  When  a  very  young  man  he  was 
presented  to  the  Vicarage  of  Lostwithiel,  in  Cornwall,  and  took 
his  degree  as  Doctor  of  Divinity  at  Oxford,  Nov.  6th,  1595.  Soon 
after  which  he  was  presented  by  the  Queen  to  the  Rectory  of 
St.  Christopher-le- Stock,  Lothbury ;  he  afterwards  held  several 
other  livings,  and  in  1614  succeeded  Dr.  Tyndall  in  the  Deanery 
of  Ely,  where  he  died  27th  June,  1636,  in  his  72nd  year,  and  lies 
buried  on  the  north  side  of  the  Presbytery  of  Ely  Cathedral.* 

Sir  Charles  Csesar,  Knight,  the  third  son  of  Sir  Julius  in  order 
of  birth,  became  his  heir,  Charles,  the  eldest,  having  died  in  in- 
fancy, and  Julius,  the  second,  having  been  snatched  away  by  a 
violent  and  premature  death  when  he  had  just  attained  to  man- 
hood.f  Sir  Charles  was  educated  at  All  Souls'  College,  Oxford, J 
was  admitted  D.C.L.  A.D.  1612,  and  was  knighted  at  Theobald's, 
Oct.  6th,  A.D.  1613.  Having  practised  the  profession  of  the  Law,  he 
became  a  Master  of  the  Court  of  Chancery  on  the  30th  September, 
1619,  and  at  length  rose  to  the  important  office  of  Master  of  the 
Rolls,  in  which  he  succeeded  Sir  Dudley  Digges.§  "  True  it  is,  how- 
ever strange  it  may  appear  in  our  day,  that  he  purchased  the  ap- 
pointment of  Charles  I.  in  the  commencement  of  that  unfortunate 
Prince's  distresses.  We  find  in  the  MSS.  of  his  second  son,  Mr. 
Charles  Cassar,  the  following  Memorandum: — "June  14,  1640. — 
Sir  Charles  Csesar,  Kn*.  was  sworn  Master  of  the  Rolls  in  Chancery, 
or  Assistant  Judge  to  the  Lord  High  Chancellor  of  England;  for  which 
high  and  profitable  office  he  paid  to  King  Charles  the  first  Fifteen 
Thousand  Pounds,  broad  pieces  of  old  gold ;  and  lent  the  King  two 
thousand  more  when  he  went  to  meet  his  rebellious  Scotch  Army, 
invading  England."  .  .  .  .  "  He  enjoyed  the  fruit  of  his  purchase 
little  more  than  two  years,  for  on  the  6th  of  December  he  fell 


*  See  Le  Neve's  Fasti  Eccles.  Anglican.,  vol.  ii.  p.  348.     Ed.  Oxford 
(Hardy),  1854.  f  See  above,  p.  289. 

%  See  Lodge's  Lives  of  the  Caesars,  p.  49.    Ed.  Lond.  1827. 
§  See  Lodge's  Lives  of  the  Caesars,  p.  49. 


300  "  Worthies'"  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

a  prey  to  the  Small  Pox,  a  malady  peculiarly  fatal  in  his  family." 
The  following  extract  is  from  his  Nuncupative  Will,  which  was 
made  only  two  days  previous  to  his  death  :  "  I  have  now  gotten 
the  Small  Poxe  after  I  am  three  and  fiftie  years  of  age,  though  I 
had  them  heretofore  in  my  younger  dales."* 


*  Archbishop  Laud  in  his  notes  of  the  6th  day  of  his  trial  says  : — "  There 
was  a  fling  at  Sir  Charles  Caesar  getting  of  the  Mastership  of  the  Rolls  for 
money,  and  that  I  was  his  means  for  it ;  and  so  it  was  thenoe  inferred  that  I 
sold  places  of  Judicature,  or  helped  sell  them.  For  this  they  produced  a 
paper  under  my  hand :  but  when  they  had  thrown  all  the  dirt  they  could 
upon  me,  they  said  they  did  only  show  what  probabilities  they  had  for  it, 
and  what  reason  they  had  to  lay  it  in  the  end  of  the  fourth  original  article, 
and  so  deserted  it.  And  well  they  might ;  for  I  never  had  more  hand  in  this 
business  than  that  when  he  came  to  me  about  it,  I  told  hfm  plainly,  as 
things  then  stood,  that  place  was  not  likely  to  go  without  more  money  than 
I  thought  any  wise  man  would  give  for  it.  Nor  doth  the  paper  mentioned 
say  any  more  but  that  I  informed  the  Lord  Treasurer  what  had  passed 
between  us."  See  History  of  Archbishop  Laud's  Troubles  and  Trials, 
p.  279.— F.  E.  C.-D. 

Extract  from  Lodge's  Lives  of  the  Caesars,  in  Cur.  Prerog.  Cant. 
Memorand. :— "  That  on  Sunday,  Dec.  4th,  1642,  Sir  Charles  Caesar,  Kt., 
&c.,  lying  sicke  in  his  bedd,  in  an  upper  chamber  att  his  house  called  The 
Holies,  in  Chancery  Lane,  having  notice  that  David  Budd  was  in  the  said 
howse,  and  come  to  visite  him,  sent  for  him  to  come  into  the  chamber  where 
he  lay  sicke,  and  being  come,  the  said  Sir  Charles  used  these  words : — 
*  David  I  have  now  gotten  the  smalle-poxe  after  I  am  three  and  fifty  years 
of  age,  though  I  had  them  heretofore  in  my  younger  daies,  but  I  thanke  God, 
I  am  reasonable  well ;  yet  if  I  growe  worse,  if  you  bee  not  afraide  to  come  to 
me,  I  will  send  to  you  to  make  my  will  in  writinge ;'  and  then  further  said 
these  words  :  '  As  I  have  often  declared  that  my  sonne  Henry  shoulde  have 
all  my  lands  at  Toseland,  soe  it  is  my  will  still ;  and  I  doe  will  that  all  those 
lands,  and  all  my  lands  in  Yelling,  I  meane  both  the  Tellings,  shall  bee  for 
Henry  and  his  heires ;  and  that  all  my  lands  in  Gransden  shall  be  for  my 
sonne  Charles  and  his  heires  ;  and,  for  my  lands  at  Bennington,  and  in 
Lincolnshire ;  I  have  already  settled  them  on  my  sonne  Julius.  The  lands 
at  Toseland  and  Yelling  are  worth  fower  hundred  and  fifty  pounds  a  yeare, 
and  Gransden  is  worth  about  twoe  hundred  pounds  a  yeare ;  which  will  be 
somewhat  for  younger  Brothers.'  Which  words  the  said  Sir  Charles  uttered 
and  spake  with  an  intention  to  settle  his  estate  and  to  declare  his  will,  before 
credible  witnesses,  his  Ladie  beinge  then  likewise  prtent  in  the  same  chamber  : 
and  the  same  Sir  Charles  was  att  all  prmisses  in  good  mind  and  memorie, 
and  talked  and  discoursed  sensibly.  This  was  saide  on  the  Sunday  afore- 
said, about  two  of  the  clocke  in  the  afternoone  in  p'sence  of  us  whose 
names  are  underwritten,  and  then  presently  put  into  writing  before  Evening 
Prayer  began.  RICHARD  EDWARDS. 

DA.  BUDD. 

"  Julius,  the  short-lived  heir,  rather  to  his  father's  contagious  disease  than 
to  his  estates,  died  five  days  after  Sir  Charles,  Dec.  llth,  1642.  A  daughter, 


The  Ccesar  Family.  301 

Sir  John  Csesar,  Knt.,  the  second  surviving  son  of  Sir  Julius, 
attended  James  I.  in  his  journey  to  Scotland  in  1617,  and  received 
there,  in  his  minority,  from  that  prince  the  honour  of  knighthood. 
In  1625  his  father  settled  him  in  an  independence  suited  to  his 
station  by  a  grant  of  estates  in  Hertfordshire.  In  Chauncey's  history 
of  that  county  "  that  writer  informs  us,  oddly  enough,  that  Sir  John 
Csesar  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  that  county  divers  years,  being 
qualified  with  a  strong  constitution,  and  ready  smart  parts."  He  died 
at  Hyde  Hall,  May  23rd,  1647,  in  the  fifty -fourth  year  of  his  age. 

Jane,  had  died  of  the  same  malady  about  a  month  before,  aged  two  years." — 
Lodge,  pp.  50,  51. 

Sir  Charles  Caesar  Adelmare's  first  wife  was  Anne  Yanlore,  daughter  of 
Sir  Peter  Yanlore,  Knight.  We  read  in  Murray's  Handbook  for  Berks, 
Bucks,  and  Oxon : — "  From  Beading  3  m.  on  N.  1£  m.  Tilehurst.  The 

Church  preserves  the  monument  of  Sir  Peter  Yanlore, ,  a  rich  Merchant, 

1627,  and  his  lady."  P.  54.  The  portrait  of  this  lady  is  at  Bensham,  Oxon. 
She  wears  most  magnificent  lace,  elaborately  painted,  and  handsome  jewels, 
one  on  the  thumb  of  one  hand.  The  second  wife  is  represented  in  her  por- 
trait, also  at  Bensham,  in  the  dress  of  a  widow,  at  that  time  seemly  having 
performed  her  devotions,  and  the  monument  of  her  husband  in  the  back- 
ground. She  was  the  daughter  of  Sir  Edward  Barkham,  Knight  (Alderman 
of  London)  who  had  served  the  office  of  Mayor,  1622.  She  died  in  the  house 
of  her  son,  Charles  Csesar,  at  Much  Hadham,  Herts,  1661.  She  had  passed 
most  of  the  years  of  her  widowhood  at  Linwood,  in  Lincolnshire.  To  her 
favourite  son,  Charles,  she  left  "  the  great  jewel  which  was  left  her  by  her 
mother,  Lady  Barkham."  Her  will  is  Beg.  in  Cur.  Prerog.  Cant. 

Sir  Henry  Caesar  Adelmare,  Knight,  succeeded  his  father,  Sir  Charles 
Cassar,  and  being  within  age  at  the  death  of  the  former,  his  wardship  was 
granted  to  Jane  Caesar,  his  mother.  He  spent  some  time  in  the  study-  of 
logic  and  philosophy  at  Jesus  College,  Cambridge,  thence  was  removed  to 
the  Inner  Temple,  and  shortly  after  married  Elizabeth,  sole  daughter  and 
heiress  of  Bobert  Angell,  of  London,  Merchant,  by  whom  he  had  issue — 
Charles  and  Jane,  who  married  Sir  Thomas  Pope,  Knight  and  Bart.,  of 
Tittenhanger,  Herts.  Sir  Charles  served  his  country  faithfully  in  that 
Parliament  which  called  King  Charles  II.  to  his  Crown,  was  active  there  to 
repress  the  Court  of  Wards  and  Liveries,  and  to  ease  the  people  of  the  hard- 
ships and  changes  which  accrued  to  them  by  the  tenure  of  Knight- Service, 
and  from  the  composition  which  was  yearly  paid  for  corn  and  victual.  He  was 
a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  of  the  Quorum,  and  Deputy-Lieutenant  of  the  County 
of  Herts.  Was  knighted  7th  July,  1660,  at  Whitehall,  and  at  the  next 
succeeding  Parliament  was  returned  for  the  County  of  Herts.  In  1667  he 
caught  the  small-pox  from  sitting  next  Sir  B.  Hare  in  the  House  of  Commons, 
while  sick  of  this  disease  he  also  made  a  will  concerning  the  guardianship  of 
his  children.  "  The  words,"  says  the  Probate,  "  were  spoken  by  Sir  Henry 
Caesar,  on  Sunday  evening,  January  5th,  1687,  in  the  presence  of  John 
Lightfoot,  D.D.,  Susannah  Biccard,  and  others."  He  died  the  next  day, 
and  his  lady,  who  was  buried  with  him  at  Bennington,  followed  him  in  the 
year  1670.— F.  E.  C.-D. 


302  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helen's. 

Of  Thomas,  the  third  surviving  son  of  Sir  Julius  Caesar,  we 
can  learn  little  more  than  that  he  was  born  March  17th,  1600,  and 
baptized  at  St.  Katharine's ;  that  he  was  educated  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Oxford,  and  became  a  Doctor  of  Divinity  in  that  of 
Cambridge ;  that  he  was  married,  but  died  without  issue. 

"  Robert  Caesar,  fourth  surviving  son  of  Sir  Julius  Caesar,  was 
born  Oct.  9th,  1602.  He,  too,  was  destined  to  the  profession  of  the 
law,  and  became  early  in  life  one  of  the  Six  Clerks  in  Chancery. 
Most  of  the  little  that  can  be  collected  relative  to  him  is  to  be 
found  in  the  following  extract  from  Lord  Clarendon's  History 
of  the  Great  Rebellion/'  with  which  that  illustrious  writer  con- 
cludes the  character  of  Richard  Weston,  Earl  of  Portland,  and 
Lord  High  Treasurer  : — 

ft  Sir  Julius  Caesar  was  then  Master  of  the  Rolls,  and  had  in- 
herent in  his  office  the  undubitable  right  and  disposition  of  the 
Six  Clerks'  places,  all  of  which  he  had  for  many  years  bestowed 
upon  such  persons  as  he  thought  fit.  One  of  these  places,  upon 
any  vacancy,  was  designed  by  the  old  man  to  his  son  Robert 
Caesar,  but  the  Lord  Treasurer  procured  the  King  to  send  a 
message  to  him,  expressly  forbidding  him  to  dispose  of  that  place 
until  his  Majesty's  pleasure  should  be  further  made  known.  tThis 
was  felt  by  the  old  man  very  sensibly.  The  Treasurer  had  no 
great  difficulty  so  far  to  terrify  him,  that  for  the  King's  service,  as 
was  pretended,  he  admitted  for  a  Six  Clerk  a  person  recommended 
by  him,  Mr.  Fern — who  paid  six  thousand  pounds  ready  money. 
The  depriving  Sir  Julius  of  his  right  was  successfully  represented 
to  the  King  himself,  who  was  graciously  pleased  to  promise,  that 
if  the  old  man  should  die  before  any  other  of  the  Six  Clerks,  that 
office,  when  it  should  fall  should  be  conferred  on  his  son,  whoever 
should  be  Master  of  the  Rolls ;  and  the  Lord  Treasurer  obliged 
himself  to  expiate  the  injury,  to  procure  some  declaration  to  that 
purpose  under  his  Majesty's  sign-manual,  which,  however  easy  to 
be  done,  he  long  forgot  or  neglected. 

"  One  day  the  Earl  of  Tullibardine,  being  with  the  Treasurer, 
asked  him  whether  he  had  done  that  business  ?  to  whom  he 
passionately  answered,  with  a  seeming  trouble,  that  he  had  for- 
gotten it,  for  which  he  was  heartily  sorry ;  and  if  he  would  give 
him  a  little  note  in  writing  for  a  memorial,  he  would  put  it  with 
those  which  he  would  dispatch  with  the  King  that  afternoon. 
The  Earl  presently  writ  in  a  little  paper,  '  Remember  Caesar  !'  and 


The  Casar  Family.  303 

gave  it  to  him  \  and  he  put  it  into  that  little  pocket,  where  he  said 
he  kept  all  his  memorials  which  were  first  to  be  transacted.     Many 
days  passed,  and  Caesar  never  thought  of  •"  until  looking  over  his 
notes  and  papers  ' '  he  found  this  little  billet,  '  Remember  Casar  !' 
and  which  he  had  never  read  before,  and  knew  not  what  to  think 
or  make  of  it. — After  much  serious  deliberation  with  his  friends, 
it  was  agreed  that  it  was  a  warning  from  some  friend  of  a  con- 
spiracy against  his  life,  and  they  all  knew  Csesar's  fate  by  con- 
temning or  neglecting  such  animadversions ;  and  therefore  they 
concluded  that  he  should  pretend  to  be  indisposed,  that  he  might 
not  stir  abroad  all  that  day,  nor  that  any  might  be  admitted  to 
him  but  persons  of  undoubted  affection ;  and  that  the  gate-porter 
and  servants  should  watch  all  night,  and  that  they  and  some  other 
gentlemen  would  remain  and  wait  the  event.     Such  houses  are 
always  in  the  morning  haunted  by  early  suitors,  but  it  was  very 
late  before  any  could  now  get  admittance  into  the  house,  the 
porter   excusing    himself    to    his    acquaintances    by   whispering 
to   them  that    'his   Lord   should   have   been   killed   that   night, 
which  had  kept  all  the  house  from  going  to  bed/     And,  shortly 
after,  the    Earl    of  Tullibardine    asking  the  Treasurer   whether 
he  had  remembered  Caesar,  he  quickly  remembered  the  ground 
of  his  perturbation;"  and  so  the  whole  affair  of  his  fright  was 
settled. 

Mr.  Robert  Csesar  was  married  at  the  Rolls  Chapel,  Decem- 
ber 7th,  1630,  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  Manning,  an  eminent 
merchant  of  London.  He  died  childless  at  his  house  in  the  Strand 
on  Sunday,  October  27th,  1637,  and  was  buried  in  the  Church  of 
St.  Helen's. 

The  following  information,  which  is  not  without  interest,  has  been  kindly 
furnished  to  the  Editor  by  Miss  Cottrell-Dormer : — 

"  Sir  Charles  Caesar  Adelmare  married  Susanna,  daughter  and  heiress  of 
Sir  Thomas  Bonfoy,  Knight,  merchant  of  London,  by  whom  he  had  issue, — 
Charles,  Henry,  Elizabeth,  and  Thomas.  Lady  Caesar  died  in  childbed,  1693, 
and  Sir  Charles  in  the  prime  of  life,  August  13th,  1694.  The  arms  of  this 
gentleman  were— Gules,  three  roses,  argent,  on  a  chief  of  the  second,  as  many 
more  of  the  field :  crest — on  a  wreath,  a  dolphin,  embowed,  naiant,  in  water, 
proper.  His  son,  Charles  Caesar,  Esq.,  was  born  in  London,  Nov.  21st,  1673, 
and  succeeded  to  his  property  when  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age.  He 
married  Mary,  daughter  of  Ralph  Freeman,  Esq.,  of  Aspeden  Hall,  Herts, 
'  with  a  fortune  of  5000?.'  This  lady  seems  to  have  had  a  taste  for  books, 
and  to  have  been  honoured  with  the  friendship  of  distinguished  men.  In  a 
copy,  now  at  Rensham,  of  the  Poetical  Works  of  Matthew  Prior,  we  find 
written  as  follows  : — 


304  "  Worthies"  connected  with  St.  Helen's. 

" '  To  the  best  wife,  the  most  careful  mother,  and  most  obliging  friend, 
Mrs.  Caesar.  This  book  is  most  humbly  presented  by  her  most  obedient 
and  most  humble  servant,  Matthew  Prior,  1718-19.' 

"  In  the  Odyssey  of  Homer,  translated  by  Alexander  Pope,  also  at  Een- 
sham,  published  by  subscription,  MDCCXXV.,  by  Lintot,  we  find  the  follow- 
ing MSS.  letter  :— 

" '  Madam,  you  will  see  by  ye  enclosed  I  have  obeyed  you  in  some  articles 
as  to  Lord  Stafford,  Lady  Sarah,  &c.  I  took  another  liberty  with  your  own 
name,  which  you  knew  nothing  of,  nor  I  daresay  could  have  suspected,  and 
have  made  a  star  (sic)  of  Mrs.  Caesar,  as  well  of  Mrs.  Fermor.'  [Note  the 
name  of  Fermor,  which  is  that  of  Pope's  Belinda.]  '  If  anybody  asks  you 
the  reason  of  this,  quote  to  them  this  verse  of  Virgil : — 

"  *  Processit  Caesaris  Astrum.' — Eclogue  5. 

"  '  I  am  daily  in  hopes  of  waiting  on  you  when  I  hear  you  are  in  town. 

" '  Your  obedient  servant, 

" '  A.  POPE.' 

"  Mr.  Caesar  was  sent  to  the  Tower  of  London  a  prisoner  for  his  Jacobite 
opinions,  and  there  are  at  Eensham  two  MS.  letters  written  from  thence  to 
Mrs.  Caesar : — 

"  '  Date,  January  30th,  1716-17. — I  writ  this  morning  to  Mr.  Secretary 
Stanhope  to  desire  that  my  dearest  might  have  the  pleasure  of  being  a 
prisoner  with  me  whilst  I  am  one,  but  that  is  a  thing  not  to  be  granted  till 
after  I  have  been  examined  by  a  committee  of  the  Councell,  and  this  being 
a  day  all  Englishmen  ought  to  spend  in  devotion,  it  is  not  thought  proper 
ye  committee  should  meeb  till  six  o'clock,  when  that  is  over  I  do  not  doubt 
but  they  will  be  so  humain  as  to  let  me  have  ye  comfort  of  a  loveing  wife, 
if  they  do  not  set  me  immediately  at  liberty.  I  have  a  very  good  lodgeing, 
and  never  sleept  better  in  my  life  than  last  night  and  have  taken  care  of 
some  victuals  in  a  proper  time.  I  beg  of  my  dearest  to  be  as  easy  as  is  your 
loveing  husband. 

" '  My  blessing  to  my  children.  "  '  C.  C.' 

"  In  the  second  letter  he  says  :— '  Feb.  1st.  Being  deprived  of  liberty 
cant  but  be  uneasy  to  any  man  that  has  a  just  value  for  it  but  ye  want  of 
your  company  is  much  ye  worst  part  of  my  confinement.' 

"  Mr.  Caesar  died  April  1st,  1741,  and  was  buried  at  Bennington,  April  5th, 
so  was  his  Eelict  on  July  12th,  1741. 

Epitaph  addressed  to  Mrs.  Ccesar,  written  by  John  Boyle,  Earl  of  Orrery.* 

"  *  Why  flow  those  tears,  or  why  those  sighs  arise  ? 
Why  dim  the  lustre  of  those  radiant  eyes  ? 
The  parts  well  acted  both  of  friend  and  wife, 
Thro'  ev'ry  scene  of  thy  all-blameless  life  ; 


*  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  1741,  p.  325. 


The  Casar  Family.  305 

Let  conscious  virtue  cank'ring  griefs  controul, 

And  calm  each  struggling  passion  in  the  soul. 

Think,  if  departed  spirits  aught  can  know, 

In  upper  regions,  of  the  world  below, 

How  can  the  man  for  whom  those  tears  are  shed, 

(Dear  as  he  was,  irrevocably  dead !) 

How  can  he  deem  his  state  compleatly  blest, 

While  sorrow  reigns  unconquer'd  in  your  breast  ? 

Ah !  let  your  wisdom  be  to  fate  resign'd, 

Take  comfort  in  the  blessings  yet  behind : 

Nor  is  your  heart  of  ev'ry  joy  bereft, 

Your  daughters  live,  and  still  one  Caesar's  left.' 

"Mr.  and  Mrs.  Caesar's  eldest  son,  Charles,  born  early  in  the  18th 
century,  died  young,  in  1740.  This  gentleman  had  married  a  Miss  Jane 
Long,  a  Ward  of  Chancery,  under  circumstances  told  in  the  following 
ballad,  communicated  by  the  Eev.  W.  Elwin,  editor  of  Pope's  Works. 


"'UPON  THE   EOYSTON  BAEGAIN; 

OR, 
ALE-HOUSE  WEDDING,  i.e., 

Marriage  of  Mr.  diaries  Caesar  to  Miss  Long,  October,  1729. 

I. 

Ye  fathers  and  mothers, 
Ye  sisters  and  brothers 

That  have  a  rich  heiress  in  guard, 
I'll  tell  you  a  tale, 
If  you  mind,  it  wont  fail 

To  preserve  in  all  safety  your  Ward. 

H. 

Never  keep  her  at  Hammels 
In  traces  and  trammels, 

Nor  think  an  old  man  and  his  cat 
Are  company  fit 
For  a  girl  that  has  wit, 

And  is  eager  to  know  what  is  what. 

in. 

While  Ealph  and  his  spouse 
Were  employed  in  the  house 

With  Wiseman,  their  chief  Secretary, 
Away  went  the  gay  thing 
In  search  of  a  plaything, 

And  so  she  began  the  vagary. 
X 


306  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helen's. 

IV. 

Quoth  he  then  to  his  wife 
I'll  venture  my  life 

She's  gone  to  the  Ale-house  at  Munden. 
And  who  can  be  there, 
As  I  honour  small  beer, 

But  Caesar  aut  nullus  from  London. 

v. 

I've  told  you,  dear  Ralph, 
If  you'd  keep  that  girl  safe, 

Ne'er  let  her  alone  with  Miss  Cremer  ; 
And  as  for  Miss  Jenning, 
Her  ways  are  so  winning, 

She'll  make  her  as  gallant  a  schemer. 

VI. 

Just  as  she  had  said 
Came  in  the  poor  maid 

With  message  and  face  most  importune. 
That  Caesar  with  forces, 
And  coach  and  six  horses, 

Had  stolen  away  their  great  fortune. 

vn. 

Tou  see  you  old  fool, 
Tou  are  made  a  mere  tool, 

And  duped  by  Caesar  and  your  sister — (say  Ms  sister). 
You  thought  the  girl  safe 
By  the  care  of  son  Ealph, 

But  the  booby  cracked  walnuts  and  missed  her. 

vm. 

Then  out  went  the  scouts 
To  the  towns  thereabouts, 

In  hopes  to  have  luckily  found  them. 
But  Saygrace  the  Parson 
Had  carried  the  farce  on, 

And  in  a  cottage  had  just  before  bound  them. 

IX. 

And  now  turn  your  face 
To  Bennington  Place, 

And  see  with  what  joy  this  is  taken ; 
Whose  Madam  does  chatter 
To  all  that  come  at  her, 

And  cries  "  we  have  now  saved  our  bacon." 

x. 

Now  my  foes  I  despise, 
And  my  grotto  shall  rise, 

Though  some  folks  may  call  it  my  folly. 
And  when  all  is  sold 
The  rest  shall  be  told 

'Twixt  Julius,  Betty,  and  Molly.' 


The  Casar  Family.  307 

Mary  Granville,  Mrs.  Delany,  speaks  of  a  pleasant  party  at  young  Mrs. 
Charles  Caesar's  house,  but  she  appears  to  have  died  young,  in  1737,  leaving 
only  two  children,  daughters,  ultimately  coheiresses  to  the  Caesar  name 
and  what  remained  of  the  property.  Of  my  great  grandmother,  the  eldest 
daughter,  I  can  only  say  that  those  who  knew  her  seem  to  have  felt  a  strong 
love  for  her,  and  I  must  quote  the  following  passage  from  Horace  Walpole's 
correspondence,  in  which  he  speaks  of  his  visit  to  Rensham : — "  Had  I  as 
pretty  a  house  and  as  pretty  a  wife,  I  would  let  King  George  send  to  Herrn- 
nausen  for  a  Master  of  the  Ceremonies."  She  was  born  1732,  and  christened 
Jane.  She  married  Charles  Cottrell-Dormer,  Esq.,  only  surviving  son  of 
Sir  Clement  Cottrell-Dormer,  Knight,  Master  of  the  Ceremonies,  and  of  his 
wife,  Bridget  Sherborne,  only  daughter  and  heir  of  Davenant  Sherborne,  Esq. 
This  gentleman  succeeded  his  father  as  Master  of  the  Ceremonies.  He  had 
two  children  by  his  wife,  Jane  Caesar  Adelmare.  Clement,  born  1757, 
died  1808 ;  succeeded  his  father  as  Master  of  the  Ceremonies,  which  office 
he  resigned  to  his  cousin,  Sir  Stephen  Cottrell,  Knight;  and  Jane,  who 
died  1768,  and  is  buried  with  her  father  and  brothers  at  Rensham,  Oxford- 
shire. Traditions  still  lingered  in  my  childhood  as  to  her  beauty  and  grace. 
She  was  only  eleven  when  she  died  in  a  room  still  called  *  the  nursery.' 
Lady  Cottrell-Dormer  became  a  widow  1779,  and  married,  secondly,  1782, 
the  Hon.  Lieut.-Gen.  George  Lane  Parker,  second  son  of  George,  second 
Earl  of  Macclesfield,  who  died  1791,  and  his  widow,  1802. 

Her  only  sister,  Harriet,  married  1758,  Robert  Chester,  Esq.,  of  the 
Middle  Temple.  Her  first  son,  Robert,  succeeded  Sir  Stephen  Cottrell, 
Knight,  as  Master  of  the  Ceremonies.  He  died  1848.  He  married  Eliza, 
third  daughter  of  John  Ford,  Esq.,  of  the  Chauntry,  near  Ipswich.  Their 
second  son,  Charles  Colonel  Chester,  was  killed  in  the  Indian  Mutiny,  1857, 
and  their  third  son,  Harry  Chester,  died  1868.  He  was  Clerk  to  the  Privy 
Council,  and  will  be  remembered  for  his  exertions  in  the  cause  of  education 
and  the  good  of  the  people. 

I  will  now,  in  conclusion,  revert  for  a  moment  to  the  other  three  chil- 
dren of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Caesar,  the  Julius,  Betty,  and  Molly  mentioned  in 
the  Ballad.  These  ladies  died  unmarried,  and  at  an  advanced  age,  I  believe. 
Julius,  of  whom  there  is  a  portrait  at  Rensham,  which  represents  him  as 
having  been  a  ^handsome  man,  became  a  Major  in  the  Foot  Guards,  in  the 
1st  Regiment.  He  became  a  Major-General,  1759,  and  in  1760  was 
nominated  a  member  of  the  Court  for  the  trial  of  Lord  George  Sackville. 
He  saw  some  foreign  service,  and  died  unmarried,  1762.  "We  find  the  follow- 
ing notice  of  him  in  The  Life  of  David  Garrick,  by  Percy  Fitzgerald,  vol.  i. 
p.  344,  Ed.  Lond.  1868 : — "  Wilkinson's  mimicry  of  Woffington's  shrill  voice 
had  made  the  Dublin  audience  scream  with  laughter,  and,  it  was  hoped, 
would  have  the  same  effect  here.  ...  A  Colonel  Caesar  of  the  Guards  .  .  .  now 
came  to  wait  on  Mr.  Garrick,  to  protest  against  any  mimicry,  adding  he  should 
be  obliged  to  hold  Mr.  Garrick  responsible  as  a  gentleman  and  a  man  of 
honour."  Mrs.  Margaret  Woffington  was  then  suffering  from  the  effects  of  a 
paralytic  stroke,  from  which  she  soon  afterwards  died,  without,  as  was  ex- 
pected, leaving  her  fortune  to  General  Caesar,  who,  it  is  reported,  had  pro- 
mised her  all  his  in  case  he  died  first."  See  Lodge's  Lives  of  the 
Caesars,  p.  03.— F.  E.  C.-D. 


803  "  Worthies"  connected  with  St.  Helens. 


MATTHEW  AOT)  ALBERIGO   GENTILI.* 

"  The  name  Gentili  was  borne  by  two  noble  Italian  families,f 
distinguished  respectively  as  the  '  Red'  and  the  '  White'  families. 
To  the  former  of  these  belonged  Matteo  Gentili,  a  physician  settled 
at  Castello  di  San  Genesio,  a  stnall  but  ancient  town  in  the  march 
of  Ancona.  He  was  a  grave  and  stern  man,  devoted  to  science, 
but  not  sufficiently  in  advance  of  his  age  to  be  prevented  from  dis- 
cussing the  question  whether  or  no  diseases  are  the  work  of  daemons . 
His  wife,  Lucrezia,  bore  him  seven  children,  of  whom  the  eldest, 
Alberigo,  and  the  youngest  but  one,  Scipio,  are  known  to  fame. 
Albericus  was  born  in  1551,  and  was  in  due  course  sent  over  the 
Apennines  to  the  neighbouring  University  of  Perugia.  It  so 
happens  that  the  aspect  which  the  city  must  have  presented  during 
his  student  days  is  made  known  to  us  by  a  bird's-eye  panorama  of 


*  The  following  information  respecting  these  "Worthies"  is  obtained 
from  An  Inaugural  Lecture  on  the  latter,  delivered  at  All  Souls' 
College,  Oxford,  November  7th,  1874,  by  Thomas  Erskine  Holland,  B.C.L., 
Barrister-at-Law,  Chichele  Professor  of  International  Law  and  Diplomacy 
in  the  University  of  Oxford,  formerly  Fellow  of  Exeter  College,  and  is 
here  inserted  by  that  gentleman's  permission. 

f  "  The  Gentili  Eossi  bore  for  arms  '  un  Saracino  colla  benda  rossa  in 
su  gli  occhi.'     In  those  of  the  Gentili  Bianchi  the  bend  was  white.     The 
name  had  been  for  many  generations  eminent  in  public  employment,  law, 
and  medicine.     Albericus,  in  the  Laudes,  describes  himself  as  one  '  cui  pater, 
frater,  patruus,  patruelis,  duo  avunculi,  iidemque  agnati,  maioresque  avun- 
culi  duo,  atavi  duo,  doctores  numerantur.' 
"  MATTEO  GENTILI,  a  physician,  had  a  son — 
"  LTTCENTINO,  who  had,  by  Clarice  Mattheuci,  (1)  Yincenzo,  (2)  Pietro,  (3) 

Gregorio,  (4)  Pancrazio  (physician  at  Ascoli),  and  (5)  Matteo.  This 
"MATTEO,  born  1517,  married  1549  Lucrezia  (ob.  1591),  daughter  of  Diodoro 
Petrelli,  and  by  her  had  (1)  Alberigo,  (2)  Manilio,  (3)  Antonio,  (4)  Vin- 
cenzo,  (5)  Quinto  (studied  at  Padua — an  interlocutor  in  the  Dialogi  Sex), 
(6)  Scipio,  and  (7)  Nevida  (who  married  Venanzio  di  Ottaviano  Bevilacqua, 
1573.  She  was  buried  with  her  father  in  London). 

"  ALBERICUS  married,  about  1589,  Hester  de  Peigni,  of  French  extraction, 
who  survived  till  1648.     Their  children  were 

"  (1)  Robert,  born  Sept.  llth,  1590 ;  matriculated  at  Christ  Church 
set.  9;  B.A.  Jesus  College,  1603;  of  St.  John's  College;  Probationary 
Fellow  of  All  Souls,  in  1607,  by  his  father's  influence,  who  '  got  him  sped 
into  that  house  by  an  argument  in  law  as  being  under  statutable  years' — 
Wood;  B.C.L.  1612. 

"(2)  Matthew. 
"  SCIPIO  married  in  1612  Magdalen,  daughter  of  Cassar  Calandrinus." 


Matthew  and  Alberigo  Gentilis.  309 

it,  taken  just  at  that  time.  f  Old  College/  '  New  College/  and  the 
then  recently  founded  '  Bartolus  College/  are  represented  in  this 
curious  print.  The  University  had  then  been  established  nearly 
three  centuries ;  and  had  been  fortunate  in  a  succession  of  eminent 
teachers.  Bartolus,  the  greatest  name  of  the  '  Scholastic/  or 
second,  school  of  Jurists,  had  been  professor  there ;  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  a  pupil  of  whom  it  was  said  : 

" '  Qui  Baldum  iuris  negat  accendisse  lucernam 
Ille  potest  medio  sole  negare  diem.' 

"  Gentilis  boasts  that  the  honour  of  the  Law  Faculty  of  Perugia 
had  been  well  maintained  since  the  days  of  these  great  men,  and 
he  gives  the  names  of  his  own  teachers ;  of  whom  Einaldo  Rodol- 
fini  was  the  most  famous.  Thanks  to  the  industry  of  local  archae- 
ologists, we  have  the  fullest  information  as  to  the  history  of  the 
University,  its  statutes,  and  the  succession  of  its  professors.  In 
the  time  of  Gentilis  seventy  doctors  of  law  were  resident  in  the 
town,  of  whom  twenty-five  gave  lectures.  The  exercises  requisite 
to  graduation  were  so  difficult  that  candidates  often  migrated  to 
some  other  University,  where  there  was  more  likelihood  of  their 
passing. 

"  The  degree  of  Bachelor,  and  the  intermediate  status  of  licen- 
tiate, were  alike  unknown  at  Perugia.  Albericus  therefore,  on 
completing  his  studies,  became  full  Doctor,  and  a  few  months  after- 
wards was  elected  '  praetor/  or  judge,  of  Ascoli ;  where  his  father 
at  this  time  held  the  office  of  city  physician.  For  some  reason  or 
other  both  father  and  son  resigned  before  long  their  respective  ap- 
pointments, and  returned  to  their  native  San  Genesio  ;  where  they 
were  held  in  much  honour.  Albericus  was  admitted  to  be  an  ad- 
vocate there  in  1577,  and  was  employed  in  negotiations  affecting 
the  interests  of  the  town,  and  upon  a  revision  of  its  statutes. 

"  The  career  thus  opening  was  interrupted  by  a  cause  which 
broke  up  the  whole  family  circle.  The  father,  we  are  told,  '  from 
the  reading  of  the  divine  oracles,  and  the  conversation  of  good 
men,  obtained  some  taste  of  heavenly  truth  /  or — as  the  same  fact 
is  represented  from  another  point  of  view — '  he  was  swept  away  by 
the  rage  of  the  Reformation,  falsely  so-called,  by  which  that  age 
was  deluded/  Such  a  change  of  opinion  had  been  by  no  means 
uncommon,  especially  in  the  higher  classes  of  Italian  society,  a  few 


310  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

years  previously  ;  but  by  this  time  the  Inquisition  had  succeeded 
in  breaking  up  the  little  centres  of  Protestantism  which  existed, 
for  instance,  at  Modena,  Ferrara,  and  Venice ;  and  an  exodus  of 
hundreds  of  thoughtful  people  had  taken  place,  which  has  been 
compared  in  its  effects  to  that  which  followed  the  Revocation  of  the 
Edict  of  Nantes.    The  emigration  was  permanently  Protestantising 
the  Yaltelline  and  the  Eiigadine,  but  little  bands  of  fugitives  were 
scattered   through   Switzerland,    Germany,    and   even    England. 
Mathew  Gentilis  found  that  his  only  chance  of  safety  was  in  flight, 
and  proposed  it  to  his  wife.     Lucretia's  reply,  as  preserved  by 
family  tradition,  was  to  the  following  effect :  '  I  not  only  permit, 
but  bid  you  go,  for  I  see  your  danger.     As  to  accompanying  you, 
pardon  me  when  I  say  I  cannot  do  it.     I  am  accustomed  to  the 
air,  the  food,  and  the  religion  of  my  native  land.     If  you  take  me 
hence,  you  take  me  to   death.      Recompense  my  self-denial  in 
letting  you  go  by  consenting  to  my  staying  behind.     We  shall  be 
as  devoted  to  one  another  in  our  separation  as  we  have  ever  been. 
Take  Albericus  with  you,  but  leave  the  younger  children  with  me/ 
Mathew  consented,  bade  adieu  to  his  wife,  and  set  off,  accompanied 
only  by  Albericus,  who  had  long  shared  his  father's  opinions.     A 
pious  fraud  was  however  practised  upon  the  mother ;  and  the  fugi- 
tives were  joined,  soon  after  leaving  home,  by  the  young  Scipio, 
who  was  about  sixteen  years  old.     Lucretia  not  unnaturally  wrote 
to  her  husband  upon  this  subject  with  a  certain  '  dulcis  amaritia/ 
' '  Just  then,  and  for  a  few  years  longer,  Protestantism  was  the 
predominant   faith   in   the   Austrian   dominions,  and   the  exiles 
accordingly  found  a  temporary  resting-place  in  Carniola,  where 
Mathew  was  honoured  with  the  title  of  '  Archiater'  of  the  Duchy. 
It  may  have  been  at  this  time  that,  while  the  three  were  seated 
one  winter  evening  round  the  fire,  the  father  said  to  his  sons :  'Take 
each  of  you  a  piece  of  coal.     I  will  give  you  a  sentence  in  prose,  and 
do  you  turn  it  into  verse,  which  you  can  write  with  the  coal  on  the 
stove/     While  Scipio  expressed  the  idea  in  three  lines,  Albericus 
nearly  covered  the  stove  with   poetry.     The   father   encouraged 
Scipio  to  go  on  writing  verses,  but  made  Albericus  promise  to  give 
up  the  practice.     The  prosperous  physician  did  not  keep  his  sons 
with  him   in   Carniola,  but   sent    Scipio   to   pursue   his   studies 
in  Germany,  and  Albericus  to  turn  his  learning  to  account  in 
England. 


Matthew  and  Alb erigo  Gentilis.  311 

<c  A  few  words  only  can  be  spared  to  the  subsequent  histories 
of  the  father  and  the  younger  son.  Matthew  Gentilis  before  long 
found  that  the  Austrian  policy  had  changed.  He  must  either 
f  E/omanis  placitis  stare,  aut  migrare/  He  chose  once  more  the 
latter  alternative,  and  followed  his  eldest  son  to  England.  For  a 
long  time  before  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1602,*  he  was  only 
able  in  the  intervals  of  suffering  to  gratify  his  love  of  knowledge 
by  devouring  the  contents  of  all  the  new  books  on  theology, 
medicine,  or  philosophy. 

et  Albericus  must  have  reached  England  in  1579.  He  tells  us 
that  on  his  arrival  nothing  was  further  from  his  thoughts  than  to 
seek  the  society  of  the  great ;  but  that  he  was  irresistibly  attracted 
by  the  fame  of  Sir  Philip  Sidney.  He  doubtless  brought  intro- 
ductions to  the  little  congregation  of  Italian  Protestants  worship- 
ping in  London,  to  which  belonged,  or  had  recently  belonged, 
Contio  (Acontius),  famous  as  the  author  of  the  'De  Strata- 
gematibus  Satanae/  Julio  Borgarucci,  physician  to  the  Earl  of 
Leicester,  and  suspected  of  misapplying  his  knowledge  of  drugs  in 
the  Earl's  service,  and  Battista  Castiglioni,  Italian  master  to  the 
Queen.  It  seems  to  have  been  through  the  good  offices  of  the 
last  named,  and  of  Dr.  Tobie  Mathew,  in  1579  Vice-Chancellor  of 
Oxford  (subsequently  Bishop  of  Durham  and  Archbishop  of  York), 
that  Albericus  came  to  the  notice  of  Leicester,  Chancellor  since 
1564  of  this  University,  and  obtained  from  him  a  commendatory 
letter  to  the  authorities  here,  which  describes  him  as  one  who 
f  had  left  his  country  for  religion  sake/  and  whose  '  desire  was  to 
bestow  some  time  in  reading  and  other  exercises  of  his  profession 
in  the  University/  He  was  received  into  New  Inn  Hall,  and 
was  granted  small  stipends  by  Merton  and  other  Colleges,  and 
afterwards  from  the  University  Chest.  He  was  also  incorporated 
D.C.L. 

"  In  1584  Gentilis  and  John  Hotoman  were  consulted  by 
Government  as  to  the  proper  course  to  be  pursued  with  Mendoza, 
the  Spanish  Ambassador,  who  had  been  detected  in  plotting 
against  Elizabeth ;  and  it  was  by  their  advice  that  he  was  merely 
ordered  to  leave  the  country.  That  the  opinion  given  by  Gentilis 
was  the  right  one  is  now  universally  admitted ;  but  it  was  directly 


*  See  above,  p.  96. 


312  "  Worthies"  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

in  the  teeth  of  one  which  had  been  given  by  the  English  civilians 
fifteen  years  before  in  the  case  of  Leslie,  Bishop  of  Ross.  Albericus 
chose  the  topic  to  which  his  attention  had  thus  been  directed  as 
the  subject  of  a  disputation  when  Leicester  and  Sir  Philip  Sidney 
visited  the  schools  at  Oxford  in  the  same  year  ;  and  the  disputation 
was  six  months  later  expanded  into  a  book — the  '  De  Legationibus' 
— dedicated  to  Sir  Philip  Sidney. 

"  Gentilis  was  still  at  Oxford  in  the  early  part  of  1586,  but  in 
the  autumn  of  the  same  year  he  is  at  Wittenberg,  where  he  dedi- 
cates books  to  the  Duke  of  Brunswick  and  others He  had 

left  England,  desponding  probably  of  success  in  this  country,  with 
apparently  no  intention  of  returning;  and  by  the  influence  of 
Walsingham  had  accompanied  Horatio  Palavicino  in  his  embassy 
from  Elizabeth  to  the  Elector  of  Saxony.  It  was  through  the 
same  influence,  even  more  than  that  of  Leicester,  that  Gentilis 
was  recalled  from  the  Saxon  Court  in  1587,  and  was  appointed 
Regius  Professor  at  Oxford. 

"  The  last  three  years  of  his  life  were  mainly  engaged  in  the 
discharge  of  the  office  of  Advocate  to  the  Spanish  Embassy  ('  hono- 
rifico  salario  constitute'),  to  which,  with  the  permission  of  King 
James,  he  was  nominated  by  the  Ambassador,  Don  Petrus  de 
Zunica.  England  was  at  that  time  neutral  in  the  war  which  was 
going  on  between  Spain  and  the  Netherlands,  and  many  cases  in 
which  Spaniards  were  interested  came  before  the  English  Court 
of  Admiralty.  Gentilis  must  not  only  have  been  consulted  on 
such  cases,  but  must  also  have  argued  them  ;  for  he  mentions  an 
occasion  on  which,  when  the  junior  advocate  and  the  proctor  had 
given  up  a  point,  he  insisted  upon  it,  and  brought  round  the 
judge  to  his  opinion.  These  forensic  engagements  of  Gentilis 
explain  the  fact  that  his  will  was  made  in  London. 

' '  His  last  wish  was  to  be  buried  as  near  as  possible  to  his 
father,  of  his  affection  for  whom  this  is  one  among  many  proofs. 
He  commends  his  children  to  the  care  of  his  brother  Scipio,  and 
begs  that  he  will  destroy  all  his  MSS.,  except  those  relating  to 
the  Spanish  advocacy,  which  are  not  in  so  imperfect  a  state  as  the 
rest.  These  were  accordingly  published  by  Scipio,  under  the  title 
'De  Advocatione  Hispanica/  in  1613.  It  is  stated  by  Wood,* 


Athena.    In  Hist.,  Gutch,  ii.  p.  858,  lie  had  given  1609  as  the  date. 


Edward  Brerewood.  313 

and  after  him  in  the  Biographical  Dictionaries,  that  Gentilis 
died  in  1611,  and  was  probably  buried  in  Christ  Church  Cathedral. 
Wood,  however,  expresses  himself  with  some  uncertainty  on  the 
point."  He  died  in  London,  on  the  19th  of  June,  1608,  five  days 
after  the  date  of  his  will,  and  was  buried  on  the  21st*  near  to  his 
father,  in  the  graveyard  of  St.  Helen's,  Bishopsgate.  Not  a  trace 
of  the  locality  where  his  father's  remains  were  interred  cau  now 
be  discovered.  The  following  f '  epitaph" — of  which  G.  M.  Konigius, 
Librarian  of  the  University  of  Altdorf,  in  his  Bibliotheca  Vetus 
et  Nova,  Altdorfii,  1678,  s.  v.  Albericus  Gentilis,  says  :  Epitaphium 
eius  tale  circumfertur — has  also  disappeared  : — 

D.  O.  M.  S.  ALBERICO  GENT1LI  ICTO  CLARA  ATQUE 
PRAESTANTI  FAMILIA  IN  PROVING.  ANCONITAN.  NATO  . 
ANNO  AET.  XXI  DOCTURAE  ORNAMENTA  PERUSII  ADEPTO  . 
PAULOQUE  POST  IN  NOBILISSIMA  ITAL.  CIVITATE  ASCULO 
IUDICI  .  AL11SQVE  HONORIBUS  MAGNA  LAUDE  PERFUNCTO  . 
POSTREMO  REGIAE  (sic)  ACAD.  OXON1ENSIS  PER  XXVI  ANNOS 
LEGUM  PROFESSORI  .  PLURIMIS  EDITIS  INGENII  MONU- 
MENTIS  .  CELEBERRIMO  OPTIMEQUE  DE  REP.  MERITO  .  REGIAE 
CATHOLICAE  HISPAN.  MAIESTATIS  SUBDITORUM  CONSTITTJTO 
(OB  EXIMIAM  VIRTUTEM  ET  DOCTRINAM)  ADVOCATO  IN 
ANGLIA  PERPETUO  .  HOC  IN  LOCO  UNA  CUM  OPTIMO  ET 
CLARISSIMO  PATRE  D.  MATHAEO  GENTILI  .  CARNIOLAE 
DUCATUS  ARCHIATRO  .  FILIOLAQVE  DULCISSIMA  IN  CHRISTO 
JESV  REQVIESCENTI  .  H.  M.  S.  ESTHERA  GENTILIS  DE  PEIGNI 
MAR.  OPT.  CHARISS.  ET  HONORATISS.  OBIIT  LONDINI  ANNO 
MDC  VIII.  D.  XIX  IUNII  .  AETAT1S  LVIII."  f 

EDWAED   BEEEEWOOD. 

Edward  Brerewood  was  born  and  educated  at  Chester.  His 
father,  Richard  Brerewood,  was  thrice  Mayor  of  that  city.  In 
1581  he  was  sent  to  Brasenose  College,  Oxford,  being  then 
about  sixteen  years  of  age,  where  he  had  the  character  of  being  a 
very  hard  student.  In  the  year  1590  he  took  the  degree  of 


*  See  above,  p.  96. 

f  This  epitaph  is  about  to  be  restored  by  means  of  a  tablet,  within 
St.  Helen's,  Bishopsgate. 


314  "  Worthies9  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

Master  of  Arts,"*  while  in  that  College,  but  afterwards  removed  to 
St.  Mary  Hall.  In  1596  he  was  chosen  the  first  Professor  of 
Astronomy  in  Gresham  College,  being  one  of  the  two,  who  at  the 
desire  of  the  electors,  were  recommended  to  them  by  the  Uni- 
versity of  Oxford.  He  loved  retirement,  and  wholly  devoted 
himself  to  the  pursuit  of  knowledge.  He  died  November  4th,  1613, 
and  was  buried  in  the  chancel  of  St.  Helen's  Church,  near  the 
reader's  pew,  without  any  memorial.  He  had  collected  a  large 
and  valuable  library,  which  he  left  with  his  other  effects  to  his 
nephew,  Robert  Brerewood,  and  was  the  author  of  a  great  many 
works,  but  which  were  not  published  until  after  his  death. 

PETER  MAUNSELL. 

Peter  Maunsell,  a  native  of  Dorsetshire,  was  entered  at  Brasenose 
College,  Oxford,  in  the  year  1587,  where  he  took  the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Arts  in  1591,  and  that  of  Master  in  1594.  After 
this  he  pursued  the  study  of  physic  four  years,  and  then  travelling 
abroad  for  about  five  years,  resided  first  at  Paris,  and  afterwards 
at  Padua.  Upon  his  return  to  England  he  went  again  to  Oxford, 
and  employed  the  two  succeeding  years  partly  there,  and  partly  at 
London  among  the  Gresham  Professors.  He  then  made  a  second 
tour,  and  having  visited  the  Universities  of  Basil  and  Strasburg^ 
came  back  by  Leyden  in  1607.  While  he  was  abroad  he  took  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Physic.  In  the  month  of  September  in  that 
year  he  was  chosen  to  succeed  Dr.  Gwynne  in  his  Professorship  in 
Gresham  College.  This  settlement  proving  agreeable  and  a  good 
situation  for  his  practice  as  a  physician,  he  continued  there  until 
his  death.  He  was  buried  in  St.  Helen's  Church,  October  18th, 
1615. 

RICHARD  BALL. 

Richard  Ball  was  educated  at  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  where 
he  took  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  in  1590,  and  of  Master  in 
1594.  Upon  the  settlement  of  Gresham  College  (1596)  Mr.  Ball 
and  Mr.  Caleb  Willis  were  recommended  by  the  University  of 


*  Being  a  candidate  for  a  fellowship  and  losing  it,  he  applied  himself 
seriously  to  his  studies,  and  became  a  most  accomplished  scholar.  He  main- 
tained against  Mr.  Byfield  that  we  are  not  bound  to  a  Jewish  exactness  in 
the  observation  of  the  Sabbath. 


Arthur  Bar  ham.  315 

Oxford,  for  one  of  them  to  be  chosen  to  be  the  first  Professor  of 
Rhetoric  on  that  foundation.  Mr.  Willis  was  chosen,  but  being 
in  a  bad  state  of  health,  by  leave  of  the  Gresham  Committee  he 
appointed  Mr.  Ball  to  read  for  him,  who  was  afterwards  chosen  as 
his  successor.  In  1603  he  became  Vicar  of  St.  Helen's  Church, 
where  he  established  a  lecture  in  1606.  Upon  January  14th,  1613, 
he  resigned  his  Professorship,  and  about  the  same  time  was 
succeeded  in  his  vicarage  of  St.  Helen's  by  Mr.  Thomas  Downing. 
He  must  then  have  been  about  forty  years  of  age,  but  whether  he 
died,  or  had  some  other  preferment  that  occasioned  his  removal, 
is  uncertain. 

ARTHUR  BARHAM. 

Arthur  Barham  was  born  at  Buckstead,  in  Sussex,  November 
22nd,  1618.  He  was  first  designed  for  the  Law,  but  upon  his 
father's  death  he  sold  his  law  books  and  went  to  Cambridge,  where 
he  studied  divinity  with  great  diligence  and  delight.  When  he 
left  the  University  he  was  first  chosen  lecturer  of  St  Olave's, 
Southwark,  from  whence  he  removed  to  St.  Helen's,  to  which  he 
was  presented  by  Sir  John  Langham,  to  whom  he  was  related  by 
marriage.  There  he  continued  about  ten  years,  preaching  with 
great  success,  until  his  ejectment  in  1662.  He  then  removed  with 
his  family  to  Hackney,  where  he  continued  until  the  Five  Mile  Act 
passed,  when  he  left  his  family  and  retired  into  Sussex.  Upon  the 
indulgence  in  1672,  he  took  out  a  licence  and  preached  in  his  own 
house  twice  every  Lord's  Day,  catechized  in  the  afternoon,  and 
expounded  some  portion  of  Scripture  in  the  evening.  Besides 
which  he  preached  a  Lecture  every  Friday,  catechized  two 
days  in  the  week,  and  performed  family  duty  every  morning  in 
two,  and  sometimes  in  three,  families  besides  his  own.  But  this 
was  not  suffered  long,  for  no  sooner  was  the  King's  declaration 
recalled  than  he  was  informed  against,  and  his  goods  were  seized 
until  he  had  paid  a  considerable  fine.  About  six  weeks  afterwards 
a  second  warrant  was  issued  out  against  him,  though  he  had  not 
preached  since  the  first ;  but  being  beloved  by  his  neighbours  they 
gave  him  notice  of  it,  so  that  he  removed  his  goods  to  London  and 
took  lodgings.  Not  long  after  he  was  seized  with  apoplectic  fits, 
which  took  away  his  memory,  and  quite  disabled  him  for  further 
service.  For  the  last  two  years  of  his  life  he  lived  with  his  son- 
in-law,  Mr.  John  Clark,  a  bookseller  in  the  City,  and  exchanged 


316  "  Worthies"  connected  with  St.  Helen's. 

this  life  for  a  better,  March  6,  1692,  aged  seventy-four  years. 
He  was  a  sincere,  godly,  humble  man,  of  a  mild  and  peaceable 
disposition,  and  was  generally  beloved  by  those  who  knew  him. 

THOMAS  HOETOK 

Thomas  Horton,  son  of  Lawrence  Horton,  merchant,  was  born  in 
London,  and  admitted  a  member  of  Emmanuel  College,  Cambridge, 
July  8th,  1623.     In  the  year  1637  he  was  appointed  one  of  the 
twelve  University  preachers.     In  1638  he  was  chosen  Master  of 
Queen's  College  ;  and  July  12th,  in  the  same  year,  minister  of  St. 
Mary  Colechurch,  London  (in  the  gift  of  the  Mercers'  Company), 
which  he  resigned  in  1640.     Was  elected  Professor  of  Divinity  in 
Gresham  College,  October  26th,  1641,  and  in  1647  Preacher  to 
the  Honourable  Society  of  Gray's  Inn,  and  shortly  after  created 
Doctor  of  Divinity,  and  the  ensuing  year  (1650)  Vice- Chancellor 
of  Cambridge.     In  Easter  Term  Dr.  Barnard  succeeded  him  as 
Preacher  at  Gray's  Inn,  and  Dr.  Horton  marrying  about  that  time, 
to  secure  his  continuance  in  the  Divinity  Professorship  at  Gresham 
College,  had  procured  an  order  from  the  Committee  of  Parliament 
for  reforming  the  Universities  and  other  colleges,  that  he  should 
not  be  disturbed  from  that  place,  nor  removed  from  it  on  account 
of  his  marriage.     This  Order  the  Doctor  laid  before  the  Gresham 
Committee,  who  then  resolved  to  apply  to  the  Committee  of  Par- 
liament and  acquaint  them  with  the  Will  of  the  Founder  as  to  that 
case,  and  in  1652  they  declared  the  Professorship  vacant,  but  did 
not  immediately  proceed  to  an  election.     In  this  year  also  Dr. 
Horton  was  incorporated  Doctor  of  Divinity  in  the  University  of 
Oxford,  and  the  year  following  nominated  one  of  the  Triers  or 
Commissioners  for  the  approbation  of  young  ministers.     In  1656 
the  subject  was  resumed  by  the  Gresham  Committee,  who  pro- 
ceeded to  a  new  election,  and  chose  Mr.  George  Gifford.     This 
obliged  the  Doctor  to  apply  to  the  Protector  Cromwell  for  a  fresh 
dispensation,  and  an  order  was  made  by  the  Protector  in  Council 
in    his    favour.      After    this    Dr.    Horton    remained    in    quiet 
possession  of  his   Professorship   until    the   restoration   of    King 
Charles  II.  in  1660,  and  held  with  it  the  Headship  of  Queen's 
College,  Cambridge,  from  which  he  was  removed  in  August  of  this 
year  to  make  way  for  the  return  of  Dr.  Martin,  who  had  been 
ejected  in  1644.     Dr.  Horton  had,  however,  sufficient  interest  at 
Court  to  obtain  a  new  dispensation  to  retain  his  Professorship. 


Jonathan  Goddard.  317 

This  was,  however,  soon  revoked,  and  Mr.  Gifford  re-chosen 
June  7th,  1661.  The  year  following  Dr.  Horton  was  in  the  num- 
ber of  those  Divines  who  were  silenced  by  the  Bartholomew  Act, 
but  he  afterwards  conformed,  and  on  June  13th,  1666,  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Vicarage  of  St.  Helen's,  which  he  held  till  his  death. 
He  was  buried  March  29th,  1673,  in  the  chancel  of  the  Church, 
under  the  communion  table. 

Dr.  Wallis,  who  published  a  volume  of  his  sermons,  states  that 
"  He  was  a  pious  and  learned  man,  a  hard  student,  and  a  sound 
divine,  well  accomplished  for  the  work  of  the  ministry,  and  very 
conscientious  in  the  discharge  of  it." 

From  a  MS.  of  the  ecclesiastical  parties  in  the  reign  of  Charles 
the  Second:  — 

"  Doctor  Horton  is  Minister  of  St.  Helen's,  he  hath  a  very 
great  congregation  of  half-conformists,  in  whom  he  hath  much  in- 
terest. He  is  a  man  of  very  good  learning,  and  a  constant, 
laborious  preacher." 

JONATHAN  GODDAED. 

Jonathan  Goddard  was  born  at  Greenwich.  In  the  year  1632, 
being  then  fifteen  years  of  age,  he  was  admitted  a  Commoner  of 
Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford,  where  he  took  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Arts,  and  then  travelled,  as  was  the  practice  at  that  time,  for  his 
improvement  in  the  knowledge  of  physic.  After  his  return  he 
took  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Physic  at  Catherine  Hall,  Cambridge, 
January  20th,  1642,  being  then  a  probationer  in  London ;  and  was 
elected  a  Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians  November  4th,  1646. 
He  had  then  lodgings  in  Wood  Street.  He  was  afterwards  Physi- 
cian to  Cromwell,  and  attended  him  on  his  visit  to  Ireland.  In 
1651  he  was  appointed  Warden  of  Merton  College,  Oxford,  by  the 
Parliament,  on  the  resignation  of  Sir  Nathaniel  Brent,  and  also 
incorporated  Doctor  of  Physic  there.  The  year  following,  Crom- 
well, being  then  in  Scotland,  did,  by  an  instrument  bearing  date 
Oct.  16th,  constitute  him,  with  Dr.  Owen,  Dr.  Wilkins,  Dr.  Goodwin, 
and  Mr.  Peter  French,  or  any  three  of  them,  to  act  as  his  delegates 
(he  being  then  Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Oxford)  in  all 
matters  relating  to  grants  or  dispensations  that  required  his 
assent;  and  in  1653  Dr.  Goddard  was  chosen  singly  to  represent 
the  University  in  Parliament,  and  also  one  of  the  Council  of  State. 
Nov.  7th,  1655,  he  was  elected  Professor  of  Physic  in  Gresham 


318  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

College.  He  continued  the  Headship  of  Merton  College  until  the 
restoration  of  Charles  II.,  1660,  when  he  was  removed  by  a  letter 
from  his  Majesty,  who,  claiming  the  right  of  nomination  during 
the  vacancy  of  the  see  of  Canterbury,  appointed  Dr.  Reynolds,  his 
chaplain  at  that  time,  and  soon  afterwards  Bishop  of  Norwich,  to 
be  Warden  of  Merton  College,  as  successor  to  Sir  Nathaniel  Brent. 
After  this  Dr.  Goddard  settled  himself  at  Gresham  College,  and 
was  continued  a  Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians  by  their  new 
charter  in  1663,  and  being  likewise  nominated  one  of  the  first 
council  of  the  Royal  Society  in  their  charter  of  the  same  year,  he 
became  very  zealous  and  active  in  promoting  the  design  of  that 
institution.  Upon  the  dreadful  conflagration  of  the  City  of  London 
in  1666,  Dr.  Goddard  removed  from  Gresham  College,  with  the 
other  Professors,  to  make  room  for  the  public  business,  which  for 
some  years  till  the  City  was  rebuilt  was  transacted  there.  After 
this  he  again  returned  to  the  College,  where  he  remained  till  his 
death,  which  was  very  sudden  and  unexpected,  being  seized  with 
apoplexy  in  the  street,  March  24th,  1675,  and  lies  buried  in 
St.  Helen's  Church,  on  the  north  side  of  the  chancel,  near  the 
rails  of  the  communion  table,  without  any  monument  or  inscrip- 
tion.* 

EOBEET  HOOKE.f 

Robert  Hooke  was  born  at  Freshwater,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight, 
July  18th,  1635.  His  father  was  minister  of  the  parish.  He  was 
at  first  intended  for  the  ministry ;  but  his  frequent  fits  of  head- 
ache so  interrupted  his  learning,  that  his  father  laid  aside  all 
thoughts  of  making  him  a  scholar.  He  had  great  fondness  for 
making  mechanical  toys,  and  also  for  drawing;  and  after  the 
death  of  his  father  in  1648  he  was  placed  with  the  celebrated 


*  An  excellent  character  has  been  given  of  Dr.  Goddard  by  Seth  "Ward, 
afterwards  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  who  commends  him  for  his  benevolence  to 
all  good  and  learned  men,  for  his  extensive  knowledge  and  skill  in  his  pro- 
fession, and  observes  particularly  that  he  was  the  first  Englishman  who 
made  telescopes. 

f  Dr.  Robert  Hooke  was  the  discoverer  and  inventor  of  the  isochronal 
balance-spring  and  other  contrivances  for  the  production  of  that  most  im- 
portant instrument  for  ascertaining  the  longitude  at  sea,  the  chronometer, 
and  the  dead-beat  clock  experiment,  now  generally  known  as  Graham's,  from 
which  emanated  the  slide  valves,  and  hence,  by  their  alternate  action,  the 
means  of  controlling  the  power  of  steam.  His  invention  of  the  air-pump  is 
also  to  be  seen  on  every  steamboat. 


Robert  Hooke.  319 

painter  Sir  Peter  Lely ;  but  the  smell  of  the  colours  increasing 
his  headache,  he  was  removed  to  the  College  School  at  Westmin- 
ster, and  lived  with  the  famous  Dr.  Busby  as  a  scholar  in  his 
house,  and  was  afterwards  sent  to  Christ  Church  College,  Oxford, 
where  he  assisted  Mr.  Thomas  Willis  in  his  Chemistry,  and  after- 
wards for  some  years  the  Hon.  Robert  Boyle  in  the  same  manner. 
In  1663  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  was  conferred  on  him  by 
the  favour  of  Sir  Edward  Hyde,  then  Chancellor.     The  founding 
of  the  Royal  Society  in  1660  afforded  numerous  opportunities 
for  the  display  of  his  uncommon  genius ;  and  upon  November  12th, 
1662,  he  was  appointed  curator  to  the  Society,  which  then  met 
at  Gresham  College,  and  was  to  furnish  several  new  experiments 
at  every  meeting.     The  journals  of  the  Royal  Society  show  how 
well  he  discharged  his  duties.     Upon  the  establishment  of  that 
illustrious  body  by  Royal  Charter  in  1663,  he  was  one  of  the  first 
Fellows  nominated  by  the  Council,  and  was  exempted  from  all 
charges.     In  1664  Sir  John  Cutler  having  founded  a  Mechanic 
Lecture,  settled  it  upon  Mr.  Hooke  for  life,  with  a  salary  of  fifty 
pounds  per  annum.    On  March  20th,  1664,  he  was  chosen  Professor 
of  Geometry  in  Gresham  College.     At   the  time  of  the  Great 
Plague  he  accompanied  Dr.  Wilkins  and  Sir  Henry  Petty  to  the 
seat  of  the  Earl  of  Berkeley,  near  Epsom ;  and  immediately  after 
the  Great  Fire  Mr.  Hooke  produced  to  the  Royal  Society  a  model 
designed  by  himself  for  rebuilding  the  City ;  and  Sir  John  Law- 
ranee,  who  was  present  (the  late  Lord  Mayor)  acquainted  them 
that  the  Court  of  Aldermen  greatly  preferred  it  to  that  of  the 
City  Surveyor,  to  which  office  Mr.  Hooke  was  shortly  afterwards 
appointed,  and  laid  out  the  ground  to  the  several  proprietors  for 
rebuilding  the  City,  by  which  office  he  acquired  most  of  his  riches. 
In  1674  the  Royal  Society  resumed  their  meetings  at  Gresham 
House,  and  the  Gresham  Committee  allowed  him  40/.  to  erect  a 
turret  over  part  of  his  lodgings  for  the  purpose  of  making  obser- 
vations.     In   1678   he   styled   himself  Secretary   to   the   Royal 
Society,  which  he  resigned  in  1682,  and  from  this  time  became 
more  and  more  reserved.     The  death  of  his  niece,  Mrs.  Grace 
Hooke,  in  the  early  part  of  1687,  who  had  lived  with  him  several 
years,  affected  him  very  much.     The  year  following  he  grew  very 
weak  and  ill,  but  read  lectures  occasionally.     At  the  same  time  he 
was  engaged  in  a  Chancery  suit  with   Sir  John  Cutler  respecting 
his  salary  for  reading  the  Cutlerian  Lectures,  which  also  tended 


320  "  Worthies"  connected  with  St.  Helen's. 

to  increase  his  disorder.  In  December,  1691,  he  was  created 
Doctor  of  Physic,  by  a  warrant  from  Archbishop  Tillotson.  About 
the  same  time  he  was  employed  in  forming  the  plan  of  the  Hospital 
at  Hoxton,  founded  by  Alderman  Aske.  This  was  generally  con- 
sidered a  handsome  building ;  but  Dr.  Hooke  was  greatly  blamed 
for  exceeding  the  sum  at  first  allotted  for  it,  and  by  that  means 
lessening  the  revenue.  March  27th,  1695,  his  Chancery  suit  still 
continuing,  the  Council  of  the  Royal  Society  granted  a  certificate 
of  the  full  performance  of  his  duties,  and  the  suit  was  decided  in 
his  favour  July  18th,  169H.  His  satisfaction  thereat  was  thus  ex- 
pressed in  his  diary  : — "  DOMSH.L.G.ISS.A.  Deo  optimo  maximo 
summus  honor,  laus,  gloria,  in  ssecula  sseculorum.  Amen. 
I  was  born  on  this  day  of  July,  1635,  and  God  has  given  me  a 
new  birth ;  may  I  never  forget  His  mercies  to  me ;  while  He  gives 
me  breath  may  I  praise  Him."  For  more  than  twelve  months 
previously  to  his  death  he  became  nearly  helpless,  though  he  seldom 
went  to  bed,  which  doubtless  caused  the  mortification  in  his  legs ; 
and  he  died  in  Gresham  College,  March  3rd,  1702.  He  was  buried 
in  St.  Helen's  Church,  all  the  members  of  the  Royal  Society 
attending  his  funeral.  In  person  he  was  of  mean  appearance, 
being  short,  very  crooked,  pale,  lean,  and  of  meagre  aspect.  He 
used  to  say  that  he  was  straight  until  about  sixteen  years  of 
age,  when  being  of  a  thin  and  weak  habit,  he  first  grew  awry 
by  frequently  using  a  turner's  lathe.  He  frequently  pursued  his 
studies  the  whole  night.  He  seldom  received  any  benefit  or  made 
any  valuable  discovery  without  expressing  his  thankfulness  to  the 
Divine  Providence.  He  had  intended  to  promote  the  objects  of 
the  Royal  Society  by  building  a  handsome  fabric  for  their  use, 
with  a  library,  repository,  laboratory,  &c.,  and  by  founding  a 
physico-mechanical  lecture.  But  whatever  might  have  been  his 
intentions,  he  did  not  live  long  enough  to  fulfil  any  one  of  them. 

SIR  MARTIN  LUMLEY. 

The  family  of  Lumley  or  Lomeley,  originally  written  Lomelin, 
was  of  Italian  extraction,  of  great  antiquity,  and  reckoned  to  be 
nobly  descended.  They  took  their  surname  from  the  Laumelin, 
in  the  Duchy  of  Milan.  Domenico  Lomelini,  the  first  who  settled 
in  England,  was  Gentleman  of  the  Privy  Chamber  to  King 
Henry  VIII.,  and  commanded  a  troop  of  horse  at  the  siege  of 


Sir  John  Langham.  321 

Boulogne.  Queen  Elizabeth,  August  5th,  1560,  granted  him  an 
annuity  of  200/.  His  son,  James  Lomelin  or  Lumley,  was  an 
eminent  merchant  of  London,  and  died  in  1592,  aged  eighty-eight 
years.  By  his  wife,  Joane,  daughter  of  —  Litton,  of  Derbyshire, 
he  had  his  son,  Sir  Martin  Lumley,  Knight,  Sheriff  of  London  in 
1614,  and  Lord  Mayor  in  1623.  He  purchased  the  Manor  of 
Great  Bardfield,  in  Essex,  where  he  built  an  elegant  house  in  a 
delightful  situation.  He  died  July  3rd,  1634?,  and  was  magnificently 
interred  in  St.  Helen's  Church,  the  funeral  directed  by  Sir  Henry 
St.  George,  Sir  William  Leneve,  and  others  of  the  Heralds.  By  his 
will,  dated  Sept.  1st,  1631,  he  gave  an  annuity  or  rent-charge  of 
20^.  per  annum  for  the  establishing  a  lecture  or  sermon  for  ever, 
to  be  preached  on  Tuesday  evening  weekly,  from  Michaelmas  to 
Lady  Day,  and  also  bequeathed  an  annuity  of  4>l.  per  annum  for 
the  use  of  the  poor  of  the  said  parish.  He  married  Margaret, 
daughter  of  —  Witham,  and  had  by  her  a  daughter,  married  to 
Sir  Stephen  Anderson,  Bart. ;  and  also  a  son,  Martin,  born  in 
1604 ;  High  Sheriff  of  Essex  1639 ;  created  a  Baronet  January  8th, 
1 640,  and  one  of  the  Knights  for  that  shire  in  the  Parliament  which 
met  November  3rd,  1640.  He  married  first,  Jane,  daughter  of  John 
Meredith,  of  Denbighshire,  by  whom  he  had  only  a  daughter, 
married  to  Sir  Roger  Mostyn,  Bart.  His  second  wife  was  Mary, 
daughter  of  Edward  Alleyn,  Alderman  of  London,  and  by  her  he 
had  Martin,  Thomas,  and  James. 

Sir  Martin,  the  eldest  son,  was  Sheriff  of  the  County  in  1663. 
He  married  Anne,  daughter  of  Sir  John  Langham,  Knight,  Alder- 
man of  London,  by  whom  he  had  Martin,  and  a  daughter  who 
died  young.  He  departed  this  life  in  August,  1702.  Sir  Martin 
Lumley,  his  son,  who  had  three  wives,  was  Sheriff  of  the  County  in 
1710,  and  died  the  same  year,  being  succeeded  by  his  son  and  heir, 
Sir  James  Lumley.  In  1725  an  Act  of  Parliament  was  passed 
for  vesting  his  several  estates  in  trustees,  to  be  sold  for  the  pay- 
ment of  his  own  and  his  father's  debts  and  legacies.* 

SIE  JOHN  LANGHAM. 

Sir  John  Langham,  of  Cottesbrooke,  in  Northamptonshire, 
was  descended  from  William,  son  of  Henry  de  Langham,  who 


*  The  Lumley  family  is  now  believed  to  be  extinct. 
Y 


322  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helens. 

held  three  carves  of  land  in  Langham,  in  Rutland,  10  Edward  I. 
He   was  knighted  by  Charles  II.  at  the  Hague  (with  James  his 
eldest  sou),  being  one   of  those  principal  citizens  deputed  by  the 
City  of  London  to  wait  on  his  Majesty  at  Breda,  in  Holland,  "  to 
invite  him  to  take  possession  of  his  Kingdoms."     Here  he  re- 
ceived  the  honour  of  Knighthood,  and   was  created,   after   the 
Restoration,  a  Baronet  by  letters  patent,  June  17th,  1660.     He 
had   contributed  largely  towards  the  support  of  the  Royal  family 
during  their  exile.     Sir  John  was  born  at  Northampton  in  1584, 
and  married  Mary,  sister  of  Sir  James  Bunce.     He  was  Sheriff 
of  London  in  1642,  Member  of  Parliament  for  the  same  city  in 
1654,  and  for  Southwark  in  1660  ;  and  was  one  of  those  Alder- 
men  sent  to  the  Tower   with   the   Lord    Mayor,  in   1647,   and 
also   in   1648,   for   refusing    to   publish    an   Act,   entitled    "An 
act  for  the  exheredation  of  the  Royal   Line,    The    abolishment 
of  monarchy  in  the  kingdom  and  the  setting  up  of  a  Common- 
wealth."    Sir   John  Langham  was  a  Turkey  merchant,  and  ac- 
quired a  large  estate,  but  not  greater  than  his  generosity  and 
charity.     He  founded  a  free  school  at  Guilsborough,  in  North- 
amptonshire, which  he  endowed  with  50/.  per  annum;  and  for  the 
maintenance  of  six  poor  widows  he  settled  36£.  per  annum  on 
St.  Thomas's  Hospital,  in  Northampton ;  and  25/.  per  annum  on 
Christ's  Hospital,  London,  for  placing  out  yearly  six  poor  children 
of  that  house  ;  but  his  charity  was  most  extended  towards  the  re- 
building of  churches  and  public  edifices  which  had  been  consumed 
by  the  dreadful  fire  of  London,  particularly  500^.  towards  the  re- 
building of  St.  Michael's  Church,  Cornhill,  and  his  large  contri- 
butions to  the  poor  sufferers  by  that  calamity.     He  died  at  Crosby 
House,  May  13th,  1671,  in  the  eighty-eighth  year  of  his  age,  and 
was  buried  with  his  lady  at  Cottesbrooke,  where  a  table  monument 
of  marble  with  their  effigies  is  erected  to  their  memory.     They 
had  issue    (besides  eight  children  who  died  in  their  youth),  Sir 
James  Langham,  Bart.,  Sir  William  and  Sir  Stephen  Langham, 
Knights  ;  Elizabeth,  married  to  Sir  Philip  Boteler,  Knight ;  Anne, 
married  to  Sir  Martin  Lumley,  of  Essex,  Bart. ;  Rebecca,  married 
to  Sir  Thomas  Lake,  of  Middlesex,  Knight,  and  Sarah,  married  to 
Sir  Thomas  Hussey,  of  Lincolnshire,  Bart.* 


See  Bridges'  Hist,  of  Northamptonshire,  vol.  i.  pp.  554-7.    Ed.  Oxon.  1791. 


323 

SIB  JOHN  LAWRENCE. 

"  So  when  contagion  with  rnephitic  breath 
And  withered  famine  urged  the  work  of  death  ; 

London's  generous  Mayor, 

With  food  and  faith,  with  medicine  and  with  prayer, 

Eaised  the  weak  head  and  stayed  the  parting  sigh, 

Or  with  new  life  relumed  the  swimming  eye." — DARWIN.* 

John  Lawrence,  Alderman,  of  Bishopsgate  Ward,  Sheriff  in 
1658,  and  received  the  honour  of  Knighthood  June  16th,  1660,  on 
the  occasion  of  King  Charles  II.,  accompanied  by  his  brothers  the 
Dukes  of  York  and  Gloucester,  and  several  of  the  nobility,  coming 
to  sup  with  the  Lord  Mayor.  Before  supper  the  Lord  Mayor 
brought  to  his  Majesty  a  napkin,  dipped  in  rose  water,  and 
offered  it  kneeling,  with  which  when  his  Majesty  had  wiped  his 
hands,  he  sat  down  at  a  raised  table,  the  Duke  of  York  being  at 
his  right  hand,  and  the  Duke  of  Gloucester  on  his  left ;  and  was 
served  with  three  several  courses.  The  nobility  and  gentry  were 
seated  at  another  table.  His  Majesty  conferred  the  honour  of 
knighthood  on  Alderman  Lawrence  and  Mr.  Cutler,  two  loyal 
citizens,  the  two  first  that  his  Majesty  bestowed  that  honour  on 
in  the  City  of  London. 

Sir  John  Lawrence  was  elected  Lord  Mayor  in  1 664,  and 
Evelyn  states  that  "this  was  the  most  magnificent  triumph  by 
water  and  land.f  I  dined  at  Guildhall  at  the  upper  table,  placed 
next  to  Sir  H.  Bennett,  Secretary  of  State,  opposite  to  my  Lord 
Chancellor  and  the  Duke  of  Buckingham,  who  sate  between 
Mons.  Comminges,  the  French  Ambassador,  Lord  Treasurer,  the 
Dukes  of  Ormond  and  Albemarle,  Earl  of  Manchester,  Lord 
Chamberlaine,  and  the  rest  of  the  great  officers  of  state.  My  Lord 
Maior  came  twice  up  to  us,  first  drinking  in  the  golden  goblet 
his  Majesty 's  health;  then  the  French  King's,  as  a  compliment 
to  the  Ambassador;  then  we  returned  my  Lord  Maior's  health, 
trumpets  and  drums  sounding.  The  cheere  was  not  to  be  imagined 
for  the  plenty  and  raritie,  with  an  infinite  number  of  persons  at 


*  The  Loves  of  the  Plants,  canto  ii.  p.  88.     Ed.  Lond.  1790. 

f  "  The  printed  title  of  the  Pageant  was  London's  Triumphs,  celebrated 
the  29th  of  October  1664,  in  honor  of  the  truly  deserver  of  honour,  Sir 
John  Lawrence,  Knight,  Lord  Mayor  of  the  honourable  City  of  London,  and 
performed  at  the  costs  and  charges  of  the  Worshipful  Company  of  Haber- 
dashers." Written  by,  John  Tatham,  Gent.  Ed.  London  Pageants,  p.  109. 

Y  2 


324  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helen's. 

the  rest  of  the  tables  in  that  ample  hall.  The  feast  was  said  to 
have  cost  1000/.  I  slipt  away  in  the  crowd,  and  came  home 
late/** 

Sir  John  Lawrence  kept  his  Mayoralty  at  his  house  in  Great 
St.  Helen's,  and  continued  in  the  metropolis  during  the  whole 
time  of  the  Great  Plague.  He  sat  constantly  as  a  magistrate; 
(f  heard  complaints  and  redressed  them ;  enforced  the  wisest  regu- 
lations then  known"  respecting  the  prevention  of  the  pestilent 
contagion,  ",aud  saw  them  executed"  himself;  appointed  physicians 
and  surgeons  for  the  relief  of  the  diseased  poor ;  and  particularly 
requested  the  College  of  Physicians  to  publish  directions  for 
cheap  remedies  for  the  poor  in  all  circumstances  of  the  distemper. 
This  was  done  by  a  consultation  of  the  whole  College,  and  copies 
given  gratis  to  all  who  desired  it.  The  day  after  the  disease  was 
known  with  certainty  to  be  the  plague,  above  40,000  servants 
were  dismissed  and  turned  into  the  streets  to  perish,  for  no  one 
would  receive  them  into  their  houses,  and  the  villagers  near 
London  drove  them  away  with  pitchforks  and  firearms.  "  Sir 
John  Lawrence  supported  them  all,  as  well  as  the  needy  who 
were  sick,  at  first  by  expending  his  own  fortune  till  subscriptions 
could  be  solicited  and  received  from  all  parts  of  the  nation." 

This  dreadful  distemper  broke  out  about  the  beginning  of  May, 
and  in  the  first  week  it  was  discovered  carried  off  nine  persons. 
In  June  the  weekly  number  having  increased  to  470,  all  that 
could  immediately  left  London.  In  July,  the  number  increasing 
to  2010,  all  the  houses  were  shut  up,  the  public  places  deserted, 
and  grass  growing  in  the  streets.  There  was  a  general  calmness 
in  the  weather,  there  having  been  neither  wind  nor  rain  for  many 
weeks.  Innumerable  public  fires  were  lighted,  for  purifying  the 
infected  air.  They  were,  however,  kept  burning  but  a  few  days, 
being  considered  by  some  of  the  physicians  as  a  nourisher  of  the 
plague.  Coffins,  pest  carts,  red  crosses  upon  the  doors,  with  the 
inscription,  "  Lord  have  mercy  upon  us,"  were  everywhere  seen, 
and  scarcely  any  sounds  were  to  be  heard  but  from  the  windows 
of  "  Pray  for  us  \"  and  the  dreadful  call  of  "  Bring  out  your 
dead."  Pepys  states,  August  12th,  "  the  people  die  so,  that  now 
it  seems  they  are  fain  to  carry  the  dead  to  be  buried  by  day- 


Evelyn's  Memoirs,  vol.  i.  p.  369.     Ed.  Lond.  1809. 


Sir  John  Lawrence.  325 

light,  the  nights  not  sufficing  to  do  it  in;  and  my  Lord  Mayor 
commands  people  to  be  within  at  nine  at  night,  all,  as  they  say, 
that  the  sick  may  have  liberty  to  go  abroad  for  ayre."* 

Under  these  dreadful  circumstances  the  citizens  were  deserted 
by  their  parochial  ministers ;  the  Nonconformist  ministers  con- 
sidering it  their  indispensable  duty,  though  contrary  to  law,  re- 
paired to  the  deserted  pulpits,  where  the  people  of  all  sects  joyfully 
attended,  in  such  numbers  that  the  ministers  were  often  obliged 
to  clamber  over  the  pews  to  get  at  the  pulpits ;  and  in  a  letter 
from  Mr.  Bing  to  Dr.  Sancroft,  August  3rd,  he  says,  "  We  had  on 
the  fast  day  a  laudable  sermon  by  Mr.  Risden,  minister  in  Bread 
Street,  My  Lord  Mayor  being  present,  Sir  Richard  Brown,  and 
Sir  J.  Robinson,  and  other  Aldermen,  with  a  great  congregation/' 

In  September  the  burials  reached  their  highest  weekly  number, 
7165,  and  then  gradually  decreased,  having  carried  off  68,596 
persons. 

Sir  John  Lawrence  died  August  23rd,  1718,  at  his  house  at 
Chelsea,  where  his  family  had  long  been  settled.  The  chapel  at 
the  end  of  the  north  aisle  contains  monuments  of  the  Lawrence 
family  for  many  generations. 

This  ancient  and  respectable  family  first  came  into  England 
with  William  the  Conqueror,  and  settled  at  Ashton  Hall  in  the 
county  of  Lancaster,  where  they  resided  for  three  hundred  years, 
and  possessed  an  immense  property,  which  in  1591  included  thirty- 
four  manors,  the  rental  of  which  amounted  to  £6000  per  annum. 
The  family  has  been  honoured  with  fifteen  titles,  and  among  those 
who  have  signalized  themselves  in  the  service  of  their  King  and 
country  we  find  the  following  : — 

Sir  John  Lawrence,  made  Knight  Banneret  at  the  Siege  of 
Ptolemais,  anno  1191. 

William  Lawrence,  slain  at  the  battle  of  St.  Albans,  1451. 

John  Lawrence,  who,  with  Sir  E.  Howard,  commanded  a  wing 
at  the  battle  of  Flodden  Field,  1513. 

Oliver  Lawrence,  knighted  at  the  battle  of  Musselburgh,  1547. 

Sir  Robert  Lawrence,  Governor  of  York  Castle  during  the  Civil 
Wars. 

Sir  John  Lawrence,  Lord  Mayor  of  London. 


*  Pepys's  Diary,  vol.  iii.  p.  68.    Ed.  Lond. 


326 


"  Worthies"  connected  with  St.  Helens. 


The  following  pious  contemplation  of  the  Arms  of  the  family 
is  written  on  the  margin  of  their  pedigree,  which  in  1810  was  in 
the  possession  of  William  Morris,  Esq.,  of  Gloucester,  being  sup- 
posed to  have  been  written  about  1664. 


The  Cross 

in 
General. 


The  Field 
Argent. 


A  Cross 
Gules. 


Raguly 
or 

Notched. 


In  imitation 

of  a 
Scaling  ladder. 


Christ's  Cross  a  mistique  mirable  may  be, 
His  blood  was  there  let  loose  to  set  us  free  ; 
To  wash  our  stains  away,  He  shed  his  blood, 
And  dying  He  thus  dyed  the  blushing  wood. 
Our  parents  from  a  tree  received  their  fall 
That  gave  us  death,  this  doth  lost  life  recall, 
This  is  the  Lignum  Vitae  to  us  all. 

The  Field  is  Argent  and  the  Charge  a  Cross, 
Riches  without  Religion  are  but  dross. 
White,  like  this  field,  O  Lord,  his  Life  should  be 
Who  bears  the  Cross,  follows  and  fights  for  Thee. 
Those,  therefore,  who  for  Ermines,  Argent  yield, 
Carelessly  spot  the  Honour  of  the  Field. 

Who  to  the  field  of  War  his  courage  bends, 

Let  every  bloody  charge  have  pious  ends. 

Success,  for  a  religious  sword  makes  room ; 

Great  Constantine  in  this  did  overcome 

By  the  Cross,  when  Holy  Blood  had  changed  its  hue, 

The  Lamb  the  roaring  Lion  did  subdue. 

The  way  to  Heaven  is  not  with  roses  spread, 

But  thronged  with  Thorns,  as  was  Thy  sacred  head. 

Our  peace  is  hack'd,  and  hew'd,  our  life's  a  war, 

We  for  our  Cross  must  many  Crosses  bear. 

Or  a  red  sea,*  our  passage  doth  withstand ; 

Or  fiery  serpentsf  or  a  barren  sand,J 

Ere  we  can  reach  the  truly  Holy  Land. 

Christ's  Cross  the  ladder  is  that  leads  to  bliss, 
Blest  Jacob's  vision  was  a  type  of  this. 
Who  climbs  by  other  steps  is  at  a  loss, 
To  Heaven  the  only  ladder  is  the  Cross. 


Judith,  daughter  of  Sir  John  Lawrence,  married  Sir  Stephen 
Anderson,  Bart.,  by  whom  he  had  Sir  Stephen  Anderson,  Bart., 
who  married  Anne,  only  daughter  of  Sir  Martin  Lumley,  of  Bard- 
field,  Essex,  Bart.  Elizabeth,  another  daughter,  was  married  to 
Sir  Wm.  Loraine,  Bart.,  but  she  died  in  about  three  years,  leaving 
no  issue.  § 

*  Persecutions.  f  Afflictions.  %  Want. 

§  Kimber's  Baronetage,  vol.  ii.  pp.  294,  297. 


327 


SIR  PHILIP  BOTELER.      . 

Sir  Philip  Boteler,  who  was  made  a  Knight  of  the  Bath  at  the 
coronation  of  Charles  II.,  died  in  the  thirty -third  year  of  the  same 
reign,  and  was  buried  in  the  family  vault  at  Watton.  His  father, 
Sir  John  Boteler,  had  been  made  Knight  of  the  Bath  at  the  coro- 
nation of  Charles  I.  In  1642  he  was  one  of  the  Commissioners  of 
Array  for  the  county  of  Herts,  and  was  so  zealous  in  supporting 
the  Royal  cause  that  he  drained  his  private  fortune  to  carry  on 
the  war,  and  when  no  more  was  to  be  done  than  suffering,  he  had 
his  share  of  ill  usage  from  those  in  power — a  long  imprisonment 
in  Ely  House  and  the  plundering  and  sequestering  his  estate. 

SIR  JOHN  EYLES. 

Sir  John  Eyles  was  descended  from  a  family  long  settled  in 
Wiltshire.  He  never  served  the  office  of  Sheriff,  nor  was  he  a 
freeman  of  London.  He  received  the  honour  of  knighthood  from 
King  James  II.,  by  whom  he  was  appointed  Lord  Mayor  of  London 
in  the  last  year  of  his  reign,  but  resigned  on  the  news  of  the  arrival 
of  the  Prince  of  Orange.  He  was  buried  July  6th,  1703,  in  St. 
Helen's  Church,  leaving  three  daughters,  whereof  Sarah  was  mar- 
ried to  Joseph  Haskin  Styles,  of  London,  Esquire. 

SIR  FRANCIS  EYLES. 

Sir  Francis  Eyles,  Bart.,  brother  of  Sir  John,  was  an  eminent 
merchant,  many  years  a  director  of  the  East  India  Company, 
Alderman  of  Bridge  Ward,  Sheriff  in  1711,  created  a  Baronet 
Dec.  1st,  1714,  was  Governor  of  the  Bank,  and  died  June,  1716. 
By  Elizabeth,  his  wife,  daughter  of  Mr.  Ayley  of  London,  he  had 
six  sons  and  four  daughters.  Joseph,*  the  fourth  son,  was 
knighted  by  George  I.,  was  Sheriff  of  London  in  1726,  chosen 
Alderman  of  Cheap  Ward  in  1738,  arid  member  in  the  last  Par- 
liament of  George  I.  for  Devizes, 'and  in  the  first  Parliament  of 
King  George  II.  for  the  Borough  of  Southwark. 


*  "1728,  Contract  made  with  Sir  Joseph  Eyles  for  the  Herbage   of  the 
Artillery  Garden,  at  a  rent  of  36Z.  per  Annum,  and  by  an  under 
lease  granted  for  sixty-one  years  for  building  at  Is.  6d.  per  foot. 
"1710.  Alderman  Eyles,  Lieut.-General  of  the  Artillery  Company. 
"1733.  Sir  Joseph  Eyles  elected  Treasurer." 

Highmore's  History  of  ihe  Artillery  Company,  p.  194. 


328  "  Worthies'  connected  with  St.  Helens. 


SIR  JOHN  EYLES. 

Sir  John  Eyles,  Bart.,  Citizen  and  Haberdasher,  eldest  surviv- 
ing son  of  Sir  Francis  Eyles,  Bart.,  Lieut. -General  of  the  Artillery 
Company  1710,  elected  Alderman  of  Vintry  Ward  June  14th, 
1716,  Sheriff  in  1720,  Lord  Mayor  in  1727,  was  translated  to 
Bridge  Ward  Without  in  1737,  and  was  appointed  one  of  the  joint 
Postmasters- General  in  1739.  He  was  also  Sub- Governor  of  the 
South  Sea  Company,  a  Director  of  the  East  India  Company  and  of 
the  Bank  of  England,  Colonel  of  the  White  Regiment  of  the 
London  Militia,  and  member  in  the  last  Parliament  of  Queen 
Anne,  and  in  the  first  and  second  Parliaments  of  King  George  I. 
for  Chippenham,  and  in  the  first  Parliament  of  King  George  II. 
he  represented  the  City  of  London.  He  married  Mary,  the 
daughter  of  the  above  mentioned  Joseph  Haskin  Styles,  by  whom 
he  had  a  son  and  a  daughter.  Sir  John  died  March  llth,  1745,* 
and  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  Sir  Francis  Haskin  Eyles  Styles, 
Baronet,  having  taken  that  surname  on  being  made  heir  to  his 
uncle,  Benjamin  Haskin  Styles,  Esq.f 

Arms  of  Eyles. — Ar.  a  fess,  engrailed,  sable,  on  a  chief,  three 
fleurs  de  lis,  on  the  second. 


*  His  country  residence  was  at  Gidea  Hall,  Romford. 

f  In  the  Steward's  Room  of  Guy's  Hospital  is  a  whole  length  picture  of 
Sir  John  Eyles,  Bart.,  Lord  Mayor  at  the  Coronation  of  King  George  II., 
President  of  this  Hospital,  1737,  painted  by  Yanloo.  A  moderate  wig 
powdered,  the  coat  purple,  the  stockings  brown,  the  robe  lined  with  satin, 
the  sword  and  mace  on  a  table. 

The  large  chandelier,  formerly  in  the  centre  of  the  Ladies'  Chamber  at 
Drapers'  Hall,  was  the  gift  of  Sir  John  Eyles. 

1727,  June  16th.  On  this  day  the  Lord  Mayor,  Sir  John  Eyles,  and 
Aldermen,  attended  George  II.  at  Leicester  House  on  the  demise  of  the  late 
King,  when  an  address  of  condolence  and  congratulation  was  presented  by 
Sir  "W.  Thomson,  the  Recorder. 


329 


CHAPTER    IX. 

CROSBY    PLACE. 

THIS  mansion,  as  has  already  been  stated,*  was  built  by  Sir  John 
Crosby,  in  the  reign  of  King  Edward  IV.  Crosby  Hall  as  it  now 
stands  formed  but  a  very  small  portion  of  the  magnificent  structure 
of  Crosby  Place,  by  which  appellation  it  was  generally  known.  In 
its  original  splendour  it  must  have  appeared  more  like  a  stately 
palace  than  the  town  residence  of  a  British  merchant.  The  prin- 
cipal remains  consist  of  three  apartments — viz.,  the  Hall,  the 
Council  Room,  and  an  ante-room,  forming  two  sides  of  a  quad- 
rangle. The  Hall  has  on  the  east  side  eight  beautiful  flat-pointed 
windows,  and  on  the  west  side  six,  with  another  handsome  octan- 
gular bay  or  oriel  window,  whose  finely-executed  roof  is  constructed 
of  stone  from  Caen  in  Normandy.  The  Hall  ceiling  is  a  flat 
pointed  arch,  with  three  longitudinal  and  nine  transverse  beams 
highly  ornamented,  whose  intersections  form  twenty  small  flat- 
pointed  arches,  with  the  same  number  of  conical  drops,  of  which 
the  centre  one  is  far  superior  to  the  rest ;  but  all  are  most  exqui- 
sitely wrought.  The  intermediate  spaces  are  simply  filled  in  with 
stiles  and  Gothic  mouldings  on  the  edges.  There  is  a  chimney  in 
good  preservation,  ten  feet  six  inches  wide  and  seven  feet  high. 
The  Hall  is  of  stone,  fifty-four  feet  in  length,  twenty-seven  feet  in 
width,  and  forty  feet  in  height.  The  floor  was  originally  paved 
with  stone,  chequerways,  but  it  is  now  almost  all  destroyed.  The 
Council  Chamber  has  a  very  rich  flat-pointed  arched  ceiling, 
entirely  of  oak,  composed  of  six  transverse  beams  or  principal 
rafters,  highly  ornamented  with  enriched  half-circles.  In  the 
compartments  are  square  sunk  panels,  filled  in  with  quatrefoils. 
The  room  measures  forty  feet  in  length  and  twenty-two  in  width. 
Originally  there  were*  two  small  and  two  larger  windows  of  the 
same  description  as  those  in  the  Hall. 

Crosby  Place  was  built  upon  the  site  of  certain  tenements,  with 

*  See  above,  p.  230. 


330  Crosby  Place. 

their  appurtenances,  which  were  let  to  Sir  John  Crosby  by  Alice 
Ashfield,  prioress  of  St.  Helen's,  for  ninety-nine  years,  at  the 
annual  rent  of  11^.  65.  8d.  What  were  the  contents  and  particulars 
therein  granted  to  Sir  John  Crosby  may  be  understood  by  the 
grant  of  Crosby  Place,  &c.,  made  by  Henry  VIII.  to  Anthony 
Bonvisi,  the  Italian  merchant — t{  Rex  omnibus,"  &c.  &c.,  "  cum 
Alice  Ashfield,"  &c. — wherein  are  mentioned,  first,  the  great  mes- 
suage or  tenement  now  commonly  called  Crosby  Place,  with  a 
certain  venell — i.e.,  lane  or  passage — that  extended  in  length 
from  the  east  end  of  a  certain  little  lane  north,  bending  unto  the 
Priory  close;  also  nine  messuages,  situate  and  lying  in  the  said 
parish  of  St.  Helen's,  whereof  six  were  situate  and  lying  between 
the  front  of  the  Bellhouse  or  Steeple  of  the  said  Church;  and 
another  messuage  of  the  said  nine  messuages,  which  Catherine 
Catesby,  widow,  formerly  held,  situate  within  the  gate  and  steeple 
aforesaid,  and  the  six  messuages  mentioned  before;  together  with 
a  certain  void  place  of  land  situate  in  the  said  parish,  extending  in 
length  towards  the  east  by  the  said  messuage,  which  the  said 
Catherine  Catesby  formerly  held,  from  the  outward  part  of  the 
plat  or  post  of  the  Bellhouse  abutting  upon  the  north  part  of  the 
said  six  messuages  and  the  King's  Street  unto  the  Churchyard 
there,  five  foot  and  a  half  assize,  and  thence  extending  in  breadth 
towards  the  south  directly  unto  a  certain  tenement  there,  formerly 
in  the  tenure  of  Robert  Smith;  and  two  messuages  more  of  the 
said  nine  messuages  jointly,  situate  within  the  close  of  the  said 
Priory ;  of  which  one  was  heretofore  in  the  tenure  of  John  Crosby 
by  the  demise  of  Alice  Woodhouse,  late  Prioress,  and  the  other 
heretofore  in  the  tenure  of  the  said  Robert  Smith  ;  and  these  were 
the  tenements  and  appurtenances  held  of  the  Priory  of  St.  Helen's 
by  Sir  John  Crosby. 

Sir  John  Crosby,  in  his  Will,  dated  March  6th,  1471,  states, 
"  that  whereas  he  had  done  great  and  notable  cost  in  building  in 
and  upon  certain  lands  and  tenements  which  he  then  held  of 
the  Prioress  and  Convent  of  the  house  of  St.  Elyne's;  and 
whereas  they  then  stood  greatly  indebted  to  divers  creditors,  to 
their  right  grievous  charge  and  paine,  out  of  his  very  pure  charity 
and  good  zeal  he  left  them  £40  towards  paying  such  creditors ; 
provided  they  should  when  required  seal  and  deliver,  under  their 
common  seal,  such  writings  sufficient  in  law  and  approved  by 


Crosby  Place.  331 

counsel,  as  should  for  them  and  their  successors  approve,  ratify, 
and  confirm,  the  remainder  of  his  estate  and  term  of  such  lands/' 
&c.  And  by  the  same  Will  he  bequeaths  such  residence  to  his 
wife,  Ann,  by  the  description  of  all  his  household,  whole  as  it  is, 
in  St.  Helen's ;  and  all  his  estate  and  term  to  come  in  the  same, 
with  all  his  wares  and  merchandize  therein,  his  plate  of  gold  and 
of  silver  gilt  and  of  silver  white,  with  all  his  armours,  broaches, 
beads,  rings,  &c. 

Richard,  Duke  of  Gloucester  and  Lord  Protector,  afterwards 
King  by  the  name  of  Richard  III.,  was  lodged  in  this  house, 
while  his  nephew  Edward  V.  reigned,  and  here  the  citizens  came 
to  him  with  their  professions  of  acceptance,  and  desiring  him  to 
accept  the  Crown.  This  duke  must  have  had  early  possession  of 
Crosby  Place,  after  the  death  of  the  founder,  there  being  only  ten 
years  difference  in  the  period  of  their  lives,  Sir  John  Crosby  dying 
in  1475,  and  Henry  VII.,  after  his  victory  and  the  death  of 
Richard,  ascending  the  throne  in  1485.  Crosby  Place  was  doubt- 
less the  scene  of  his  plots  and  conspiracies  against  the  lives  and 
fortunes  of  his  brother  Clarence,  the  Earls  Rivers,  Grey,  &c., 
and  where,  in  council  with  Buckingham,  Catesby,  Lovel,  and 
other  ambitious  minions,  he  premeditated  the  destruction  of  Lord 
Hastings,  and  the  bastardizing  and  subsequent  murder  of  his 
nephews,  thus  depicted  by  Shakspeare : — 

"  Buckingham.  Good  Catesby,  go,  effect  this  business  soundly. 
Catesby.  My  good  lords  both,  with  all  the  heed  I  can. 
Glo'ster.  Shall  we  hear  from  you,  Catesby,  ere  we  sleep  ? 
Catesby.  You  shall,  my  lord. 
Glo'ster.  At  Crosby  Place,  there  shall  you  find  us  both." 

And  in  the  admirable  scene  between  Gloucester  and  Lady  Anne, 
widow  of  Prince  Edward,  the  following  reference  also  occurs : — 

"  Glo'ster.  If  thy  poor  devoted  suppliant  may 
But  beg  one  favour  at  thy  gracious  hand, 
Thou  dost  confirm  his  happiness  for  ever. 

Anne.  What  is  it  ? 

Glo'ster.  That  it  may  please  you  leave  these  sad  designs 
To  him  that  has  more  cause  to  be  a  mourner, 
And  presently  repair  to  Crosby  Place : 
Where — after  I  have  solemnly  interr'd 
At  Chertsey  monast'ry  this  noble  king, 
And  wet  his  grave  with  my  repentant  tears, — 
I  will  with  all  expedient  duty  see  you." 

Richard  the  Third,  act  i.  sc.  2,  and  act  iii.  sc.  i. 


332  Crosby  Place. 

All  this,  however,  appears  to  have  been  a  chronological  error  of  the 
poet.  The  grant  from  the  prioress  of  St.  Helen's  being  made  in 
1466,  and  the  building  completed  in  1 472,  it  does  not  appear  probable 
that  it  came  into  the  Duke  of  Gloucester's  possession  until  after 
the  decease  of  Sir  John  Crosby,  which  took  place  in  1475,  whereas 
Henry  VI.  died  May  23rd,  1471.  It  having  however  been  dis- 
covered that  the  name  of  William  Shakspeare  appears  as  one  of 
the  inhabitants  of  St.  Helen's,  in  an  assessment  roll  for  levying  sub- 
sidies, bearing  date  October  1st,  1598,  the  40th  Queen  Elizabeth, 
in  connexion  with  Sir  John  Spencer  and  others,*  with  the  assess- 
ment of  5£  13s.  4r/.  against  his  name,  it  is  therefore  probable  that 
he  was  well  acquainted  with  the  building,  and  thereby  associated 
it  with  the  stirring  events  of  his  drama,  and  thus  it  will  never  fail 
to  be  recorded  that  Crosby  Place  was  actually  the  residence  of 
the  aspiring  and  ambitious  Eichard  III. 

In  1502  Crosby  Place  was  assigned  by  the  surviving  executors 
of  Sir  John  Crosby  to  Sir  Bartholomew  Reed,  Lord  Mayor  of 
London.  It  subsequently  devolved  to  John  Best,  Alderman  of 
London,  and  from  him  by  purchase  to  Sir  Thomas  More,  Lord 
High  Chancellor  in  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.  Sir  Thomas  sold 
his  remaining  interest  in  the  lease  of  the  "  great  tenement  of 
Crosby  Place"  to  his  intimate  and  valued  friend  Antonio  Bonvisi, 
the  same  to  whom,  when  deprived  of  pen  and  ink,  during  his 
imprisonment  in  the  Tower,  he  wrote  with  a  piece  of  charcoal 
that  most  touching  letter,  published  in  the  life  of  Sir  Thomas 
More,  by  his  son-in-law,  Roper. f 

In  1538,  at  the  dissolution  of  the  Monasteries,  the  freehold  in 
Crosby  Place  was  surrendered  to  the  Crown ;  but  it  appears  that 
Antonio  Bonvisi  was  confirmed  in  his  possession  by  an  express 
grant  from  the  King  in  the  year  1542,  as  follows : — 

"  Know  you,  that  we,  of  our  special  grace,  certain  knowledge, 
and  mere  motion,  give  and  grant  unto  the  said  Anthony  Bonvice, 
the  reversion  and  reversions  of  the  said  messuage  and  tenement, 
with  the  appurtenances,  commonly  called  Crosby  Place,  and  of  all 
the  said  houses,  solars  (cellars),  gardens,  lanes,  messuages,  tene- 
ments, void  places  of  land,  and  all  other  and  singular  premises, 
with  the  appurtenances,  lying  and  situate  in  St.  Helen's,  and 


*  See  above,  p.  246,  and  Stow's  Survey,  vol.  i.  p.  435.     f  See  above,  p.  245. 


Crosby  Place.  333 

parcel  of  the  said  late  Priory,  &c. — Teste  Rege  apud  Westmonast. 
9  die  Sepr.  An.  Keg.  Henrici  Octavi  34. " 

German  Cioll  was  the  next  inhabitant,  and  was  succeeded  by 
Alderman  Bond,  who  "  increased  the  house  in  height  by  building 
a  turret  on  the  top  thereof.  He  died  in  the  year  1576,  and  was 
buried  in  St.  Helen's  Church.  Divers  ambassadors  were  lodged 
there — viz.,  in  the  year  1586,  Henry  Ramelius,  Chancellor  of 
Denmark,  Ambassador  to  the  Queen  of  England,  from  Frederick 
II.,  King  of  Denmark;  and  an  ambassador  from  France,  &c. 
Sir  John  Spencer,  Alderman,  made  great  reparations  therein,  and 
kept  his  Mayoralty  there,  in  1594."  .  .  .  .  "  In  the  first  year 
of  King  James  I.  (1604),  when  divers  ambassadors  came  into 
England,  Monsieur  de  Rosny  (Sully),  Great  Treasurer  of  France, 
with  his  retinue,  which  was  very  splendid,  was  there  harbored, 
the  house  then  belouging  to  Sir  John  Spencer."  Also  "  the  same 
year  were  lodged  the  youngest  son  of  William,  Prince  of  Orange, 
Monsieur  Fulke,  and  the  learned  Monsieur  Barnevelt,  who  came 
from  the  States  of  Holland  and  Zealand/'*  In  the  time  of  the 
Civil  Wars  Crosby  House  was  made  a  temporary  prison  for  the 
Royalists.  It  was  afterwards  inhabited  by  Alderman  Sir  John 
Langham,t  in  whose  time  a  great  fire  happening,  probably  con- 
sumed so  much  of  it  as  rendered  it  unfit  for  a  domestic  habitation. 
In  the  reign  of  Charles  II.  it  was  first  appropriated  to  the  Non- 
conformists, the  Hall  being  fitted  up  as  a  Chapel,  who  retained  it  as 
a  place  of  worship  upwards  of  a  century.  The  first  religious  society 
assembling  in  Crosby  Square  was  collected  soon  after  the  Act  of 
Uniformity  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Watson,  the  ejected  minister  of 
St.  Stephen's,  Walbrook.  Doctor  Grosvenor,  another  pastor, 
had  a  congregation  so  numerous  and  opulent,  that  the  annual  col- 
lection used  to  exceed  that  of  any  Presbyterian  Church  in  London. 
This  church  dissolving  itself  in  1769,  a  lease  of  the  building  was 
taken  by  the  celebrated  Antinomian,  Mr.  James  Kelly,  who 
preached  here  to  a  society  of  his  own  formation  till  his  death.  To 
the  above  tenants  Messrs.  Holmes  and  Hall  succeeded  in  1778, 
who  made  many  alterations  and  spoliations,  in  order  to  adapt  it  to 
the  purposes  of  their  business.  Part  of  the  south  wing  was  con- 
verted into  private  dwellings;  both  the  bow  windows  on  the 


*  Stow's  Survey,  vol.  i.  p.  435.        f  See  above,  p.  322. 


334  Crosby  Place. 

south  side  of  the  Council  Room  were  takeu  down,  to  form  a 
staircase  to  the  adjoining  dwelling-house,  then  the  residence  of  a 
Mr.  Hall.  Very  small  vestiges  of  its  former  splendid  character 
distinguish  the  upper  part  and  once  ornamented  roof  of  the 
Council  Chamber.  Of  the  oak  carvings  not  the  smallest  fragment 
is  left. 

A  late  Duke  of  Norfolk*  (A.D.  1816)  employed  an  artist  to 
make  correct  drawings  of  Crosby  Hall,  and  built  his  celebrated 
banqueting-rooni  at  Arundel  Castle  precisely  on  the  same  model. 
In  the  early  part  of  1816  the  whole  of  the  beautiful  stonework, 
pillars,  and  ornamental  masonry  of  the  Council  Room  were  taken 
down  by  order  of  the  proprietor,  Strickland  Freeman,  Esq.,  and 
removed  to  his  seat  at  Henley-upon-Thames,  to  adorn  a  dairy 
he  was  then  building  !  The  masons  were  employed  six  weeks  on 
this  occasion,  and  all  the  fragments  injured  in  the  dilapidation 
were  carefully  cemented,  and  safely  packed  previously  to  removal. 

The  apartments,  which  were  formerly  the  Withdrawing  Room 
and  Throne  Room  of  the  mansion,  and  which  had  for  some  time 
ceased  to  be  occupied  as  a  dwelling,  afterwards  became  "ware- 
houses in  the  occupation  of  the  Company  of  Merchants  of  London, 
trading  to  the  East  Indies."  About  the  same  time,  the  present 
houses  in  Crosby  Square  were  built  upon  the  site  of  that  part  of 
the  ancient  mansion  which  had  been  destroyed  by  fire  in  the  year 
1678;  and  in  1683  the  house  beyond  the  Hall  on  the  north  was 
erected  on  part  of  the  "  void  piece  of  land"  described  in  the  old 
deeds  as  abutting  on  the  Priory  Close. 

Thus  progressively  had  Crosby  Place  assumed  the  appearance 
of  decay  after  having  passed  through  one  or  two  intermediate 
tenancies,  whilst  the  freehold  still  remained  with  the  Freemans, 
the  late  occupiers  being  Messrs.  Holmes  and  Hall,  Packers, 
whose  lease  expired  in  1831,  when  the  Hall  became  once  more 
unten  anted. 

During  the  occupation  of  these  tenants,  the  many  alterations 
made  to  adapt  the  premises  to  the  purposes  of  their  business, 
caused  more  serious  injury  to  the  building  than  at  any  period 
since  its  erection.  In  addition  to  the  floor  at  the  level  of  the 
south  gallery,  erected  probably  at  the  time  the  Hall  was  first  used 

*  Bernard  Edward  Howard,  15th  Duke,  KG.,  born  Nov.  21,  1765 ;  died 
March  16, 1842.  See  Burke's  Peerage,  p.  873.  Ed.  Lond.  1876. 


Crosby  Place.  335 

as  a  meeting-house,  a  second  floor  was  inserted  just  below  the 
springing  of  the  roof,   and  much  of  the  carving  and  ornamental 
work  was  injured  or  removed.     In  this  state  it  continued  till  the 
year  1831,  not  unnoticed,  however,  nor  unknown;  for  even  in  its 
lowest  state  of  neglect  and   humiliation,  it  was  visited  by  the 
antiquary,  the  historian,  the  man  of  letters,  and  the  artist,  not  of 
this  country  only,  but  foreigners  also  ;  and  there  were  not  wanting 
zealous  friends  of  the  structure,  anxious  to  draw  the  public  atten- 
tion to  its  forlorn  condition,  and  to  co-operate  in  its  restora- 
tion.    This  feeling  at  length  assumed  a  more  practical  bearing. 
The  premises  then  untenanted  had  been  for  some  time  rapidly 
falling  still  further  and  further  into  a  state  of  dilapidation  and 
decay.     Being  pronounced  incapable  of  substantial  repair,  it  was 
proposed  to  sell  the  old  materials,  and  to  erect  modern  houses  on 
the  site ;  at  the  same  time  a  placard  was  issued,  announcing  the 
premises  "  to  be  let  on  a  building  lease."     At  this  crisis,  through 
the  zealous  interference  of  two  or  three  neighbouring  families, 
anxious  to  avert  such  a  loss  to  the  arts,  and  such  a  discredit  to 
the  age,  a  few  gentlemen  met  together,  and  resolved  to  make  a 
public  appeal  on  behalf  of  the  venerable  fabric.     The  appeal  was 
not  made  in  vain.    A  Committee  was  formed,  and  on  Tuesday,  the 
8th  May,  1831,  a  meeting  was  held  at  the  City  of  London  Tavern, 
William  Taylor  Copeland,  Esq.,  M.P.,  and  Alderman  of  the  Ward, 
in  the  chair,   to  take  into  consideration  the  best  means  to  be 
adopted  for  preserving  and  restoring  Crosby  Hall.     The  result 
was  most  encouraging ;  a  Committee  of  gentlemen  was  formed, 
and   subscriptions   were    opened.      About    this   period   William 
Freeman,  Esq.,  the  proprietor,  attained  his  majority;  and  a  new 
lease  for  ninety-nine  years  was  granted.     The  work  of  restoration 
was  then  commenced,  under  the  direction  of  E.  Blore,  Esq.,  F.S.  A., 
who  gratuitously  afforded  his  valuable    services,  Messrs.  Ruddle 
and  Clarke  being  the  contractors,  who  for  the  sum  of  728£.  con- 
tracted to  do  the  substantial  reparations  of  the  Great  Hall — to 
provide   for   which    was   the  first  care  of  the  Committee.      In 
the   meantime   negotiations  were  carried  on  with  the  Mercers' 
Company  and  the  Joint  Gresham  Committee,  as  to  the  practica- 
bility and  expediency  of  appropriating  Crosby  Hall,  when  com- 
pleted, to  the  use  of  the  Gresham  Professors,  but  without  success. 
A  treaty  was  also  entered  into  with  the  Choral  Harmonists'  Society, 
who  were  willing  to  take  the  lease  of  Crosby  Hall,  and  to  finish  the 


336  Crosby  Place. 

Great  Hall  agreeably  to  the  designs  of  Mr.  Davies,  the  architect ; 
but  the  negotiation  did  not  take  effect.  At  this  period,  March, 
1835,  the  funds  at  the  disposal  of  the  Committee  being  exhausted, 
and  but  little  having  been  done  beyond  the  substantial  repair  of 
the  Great  Hall,  the  removal  of  the  floor  which  encumbered  the 
Hall,  &c.,  there  was  danger  apparently  of  the  work  of  restoration 
remaining  incomplete.  It  was  then  that  a  lady,  Miss  Hackett,* 
whose  name  will  never  be  forgotten  in  connexion  with  Crosby 
Hall,  came  forward  and  proposed  to  take  the  lease  upon  her- 
self, with  all  the  clauses,  covenants,  and  options  contained 
therein;  and  so  to  uphold  the  fabric  according  to  the  terms  of  that 
lease,  and  the  resolutions  of  the  Committee,  as  to  preserve  its 
ancient  character;  to  carry  into  effect  the  engagements  of  the 
Committee,  by  making  an  entrance  from  Bishopsgate  Street ;  and 
to  offer  the  Hall  at  a  moderate  annual  rental  to  the  Gresham  Com- 
mittee, for  the  use  of  the  Professors,  under  the  will  of  Sir  Thomas 
Gresham ;  or  to  appropriate  the  same  to  some  other  public  object, 
or  objects,  connected  with  science,  literature,  or  the  arts.  Miss 
Hackett  further  agreed  to  discharge  all  the  outstanding  liabilities 
and  debts  incurred  by  the  Committee  in  the  execution  of  their 
trust,  beyond  the  amount  of  the  subscription.  This  proposal  was 
approved  and  accepted  by  the  Committee,  who  thus  devolved 
upon  Miss  Hackett  the  further  carrying  out  the  anxious  wish  of  all 
parties,  that  Crosby  Hall  might  be  restored  to  its  pristine  beauty, 
and  devoted  to  some  useful  public  object.  This  lady,  with  admir- 
able public  spirit  and  good  taste  immediately  continued  the  work 
of  restoration.  On  Monday,  June  27th,  1836,  the  first  stone  was 
laid  of  the  new  works,  in  that  portion  of  the  building  known  by 
the  name  of  the  Council  Chamber  and  Throne  Room,  and  forming 
the  north  boundary  of  the  quadrangle,  under  the  direction  of 
Edward  L.  Blackburn,  Esq.,  architect,  the  author  of  an  archi- 
tectural and  historical  account  of  Crosby  Place,  London — a  work 
of  great  research  and  antiquarian  lore.  Under  the  superin- 
tendence of  that  gentleman,  the  south  wall  of  the  Throne  and 
Council  Room,  with  its  elegant  windows,  was  rebuilt,  as  well  as 
the  two  north  windows  of  the  same  apartments,  and  the  substantial 
repairs  of  the  roof  were  effected. 

All  hope  of  the  realization  of  Miss   Hackett's  most  earnest 


*  This  lady  died  in  1875  at  a  very  advanced  age. 


Crosby  Place. 


337 


•wish  that  Crosby  Hall  should  be  appropriated  to  the  use  of  the 
Professors  under  the  will  of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  being  at  an 
end,  matters  relating  to  the  final  destiny  of  the  Hall  remained  in 
abeyance  for  some  considerable  time ;  until  at  length  two  or  three 
influential  and  public-spirited  individuals,,  with  the  aid  of  friends 
whom  their  zeal  enlisted  in  the  good  cause,  formed  themselves 
into  a  Company  of  proprietors,  purchased  Miss  Hackett's  interest, 
appointed  Mr.  John  Davies,  of  Devonshire  Square;  their  architect, 
and  in  good  earnest  set  about  the  completion  of  the  repairs  and 
restoration,  with  the  object  of  adapting  the  Hall  and  premises  for 
the  use  of  "  The  Crosby  Hall  Literary  and  Scientific  Institution/' 
which  speedily  failed.  It  was  then  occupied  by  "  The  City  of 
London  Evening  Classes/'  and  finally  came  into  the  possession  of 
Messrs.  F. .  Gordon  and  Co.,  who  having  restored  the  whole 
building  with  considerable  taste  and  at  a  great  outlay,  have  con- 
verted it  into  one  of  the  best  conducted  restaurants  within  the 
City  of  London.  Since  the  occupation  of  the  old  premises  those 
gentlemen  have  also  annexed  to  it  a  large  and  spacious  building, 
which,  although  wholly  different  as  to  its  architectural  details,  is 
an  ornament  to  the  locality. 


338 


CHAPTER  X. 

NONCONFORMIST   DIVINES,    OCCUPANTS   OF    CROSBY   HALL, 
FROM    A.D.    1662    TO   A.D.    176-. 

THE  following  is  as  accurate  a  list  of  the  Ministers  who  were  con- 
nected with  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  Crosby  Hall,  whether  as 
Pastors  or  Assistants,  as  it  seems  possible  to  obtain,  a  brief 
outline  of  whose  career  cannot  be  without  a  certain  amount  of 
interest : — 

MINISTERS'  NAMES.  PASTOR  ASSISTANT 

from      to  from      to 

Thomas  "Watson,  M.A.  1662    1689 

Stephen  Charnock,  B.D.  1675    1680 

Samuel  Slater,  M.A.  1680    1704 

John  Keynolds,  16—    1691 

Daniel  Alexander,  1693    1704 

Benjamin  Grosvenor,  D.D.        1704    1749 
Samuel  Wright,  D.D.  1705    1708 

John  Barker,  1708    1714 

Clerk  Oldsworth,  1715    1726 

Edmund  Calamy,  Jun.  1726     1749 

John  Hodge,  D.D.  1749    1762 

Eichard  Jones,  1763    1769 

THOMAS  WATSON,  M.A.,  was  educated  at  Emmanuel  College, 
Cambridge.  In  the  time  of  the  Civil  Wars  he  became  rector  of 
the  parish  of  St.  Stephen,  Walbrook,  A.D.  1646,  where  he  filled  the 
office  of  a  faithful  pastor  for  nearly  sixteen  years."*  During  the  com- 
motions that  agitated  the  nation  in  his  time,  Mr.  Watson  showed 
great  loyalty  and  attachment  to  the  person  of  King  Charles  I.,  and 
totally  disapproved  of  the  methods  made  use  of  by  the  Army  to 
bring  him  to  trial.  He  also  joined  the  Presbyterian  ministers  in 
a  remonstrance  to  General  Cromwell  and  the  Council  of  War 
against  the  death  of  that  monarch.  After  this,  in  1651,  he  was 
concerned  with  some  other  persons  in  carrying  on  a  correspondence 
with  the  Scots,  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  in  Charles  II.,  which 
being  discovered,  he  was  apprehended  and  committed  to  the  Tower 
with  Dr.  Drake,  and  others.  These  after  some  time,  on  their 
petitioning  for  mercy,  and  promising  submission  to  the  Govern- 


*  See  Allibone's  Dictionary  of  British  and  American  Authors,  vol.  iii. 
p.  2608.    Ed.  Lond.,  1859-71. 


Nonconformist  Divines.  339 

merit,  were  released,  but  Mr.  Christopher  Love,  an  eminent  Pres- 
byterian minister,  was  publicly  executed. 

Mr.  Watson  continued  at  his  living  till  St.  Bartholomews-day 
1662,  when  he  was  ejected  for  Nonconformity;  he,  however,  con- 
tinued the  exercise  of  his  ministry  in  private,  as  he  was  enabled 
to  find  opportunity.  After  the  fire  of  London  in  ]  666,  when  the 
churches  were  burnt  and  the  parish  ministers  unemployed  for  want 
of  places  of  worship,  the  Nonconformists  fitted  up  large  rooms  with 
pulpits,  seats,  and  galleries,  for  the  reception  of  those  who  had  an 
inclination  to  attend.  Of  this  number  was  Mr.  Watson ;  and  upon 
the  Indulgence,  in  1672,  he  licensed  the  great  Hall  in  Crosby 
House,  then  belonging  to  Sir  John  Langham,  who  patronized 
the  Nonconformists,  where  he  preached  for  several  years,  till  at 
length,  his  strength  wearing  away,  he  retired  into  Essex,  where  he 
died  suddenly  in  his  closet,  whilst  at  prayer. 

Mr.  Watson  published  a  variety  of  books  upon  practical  sub- 
jects, but  his  principal  work  was  "A  Body  of  Divinity"  in  176 
sermons  upon  the  Assembly's  Catechism. 

STEPHEN  CHARNOCK,  B.D.,  descended  from  an  ancient  family  in 
Lancashire,  was  born  in  1628  in  the  parish  of  St.  Katherine  Cree, 
London,  where  his  father,  Richard  Charnock,  practised  as  a  solici- 
tor. At  a  proper  age  he  was  sent  to  Emmanuel  College,  Cam- 
bridge, where  he  had  for  his  tutor  Dr.  William  Sancroft,  afterwards 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury.*  Upon  leaving  Cambridge  he  went  to 
reside  in  a  private  family,  and  afterwards  spent  some  time  in  the 
exercise  of  the  ministry  in  South wark.  About  1649  he  proceeded 
to  Oxford,  and  in  the  following  year  obtained  a  fellowship  in  New 
College.  In  1652  he  was  incorporated  Master  of  Arts,  as  he  had 
before  stood  at  Cambridge.  Two  years  afterwards  he  became 
Senior  Proctor  of  the  University,  "  being  then  taken  notice  of/' 
(says  Wood),f  "  by  the  godly  party  for  his  singular  gifts,  and  had 
in  reputation  by  the  then  most  learned  Presbyterians."  Upon  the 
expiration  of  his  Proctorship,  in  1656,  he  went  over  to  Ireland* 
and  resided  in  the  family  of  Henry  Cromwell.  In  Dublin  he  con- 


*  "William  Sancroft,  S.T.P.,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's,  consecrated  in  West- 
minster Abbey,  Jan.  27tli,  1677-8,  deprived  Feb.  1st,  1690-1,  and  retired  to 
Fressingfield,  in  Suffolk,  where  he  died,  Nov.  24th,  1693.  See  Le  Neve's 
Fasti,  vol.  i.  pp.  27,  28.  Ed.  (Hardy)  Oxford,  1854. 

t  Athenae  Oxoniens.,  vol.  iii.  col.  1234.    Ed.  (Bliss)  Oxford,  1813-20. 

z  2 


340  Nonconformist  Divines. 

tinued  the  exercise  of  his  ministry  about  four  or  five  years,  being 
held  in  high  esteem  by  the  most  serious  and  judicious  Christians, 
of  different  denominations.  While  he  resided  in  that  City,  it  is 
apprehended,  he  received  the  degree  of  B.D.  from  Trinity  College. 
The  Eestoration  putting  an  end  to  his  ministry  in  Dublin,  he  re- 
turned to  London,  where  he  spent  fifteen  years  in  retirement ;  and 
for  his  further  improvement  took  a  tour  occasionally  in  France  and 
Holland.  At  length,  in  1675,  he  accepted  a  call  to  become  joint 
pastor  of  the  congregation  in  Crosby  Square,  with  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Watson.  In  this  connexion  he  continued  till  his  death,  which  took 
place  July  27th,  1680,  in  the  fifty-third  year  of  his  age.  On  the 
30th  of  the  same  month  his  remains  were  conveyed  from  White- 
chapel,  the  place  of  his  decease,  to  Crosby  Square,  and  thence 
to  St.  Michael's  Church,  Cornhill,  where  they  were  deposited,  and 
where  a  funeral  sermon  was  delivered  on  the  occasion  by  his 
fellow  collegian,  the  Rev.  John  Johnson. 

"Mr.  Charnock  was  a  man  of  excellent  abilities,  strong  judg- 
ment, and  singular  genius.  His  attainments  in  learning  were  of 
the  first  order,  having  been  through  life  a  most  diligent  and 
methodical  student,  and  a  great  redeemer  of  time,  rescuing  not 
only  his  restless  hours  in  the  night,  but  even  time  that  was  spent 
in  walking,  from  those  impertinences  and  fruitless  vanities  which 
so  often  fill  up  the  minds  of  men,  and  steal  away  their  hearts  from 
those  nobler  objects  that  more  justly  challenge  their  regard." 

Mr.  Charnock  published  nothing  in  his  lifetime  excepting  a 
single  sermon  on  "  The  Sinfulness  and  Cure  of  Thoughts,"  in  the 
supplement  to  the  "  Morning  Exercise"  at  Cripplegate.  His  other 
valuable  writings  were  published  after  his  death.  Their  merit  can 
scarcely  be  rated  too  high,  as  for  strength  of  reasoning,  solidity  of 
judgment,  and  sublimity  of  genius,  they  are  equalled  by  few  and 
excelled  by  none.  Mr.  Toplady  says,  "  I  have  met  with  many 
Treatises  on  the  Divine  Perfections,  but  none  equal  to  that  of  Mr. 
Charnock ;  it  is  indeed  considered  one  of  the  most  inestimable 
productions  that  ever  did  honour  to  the  sanctified  judgment  and 
genius  of  a  human  being."  The  first  collected  edition  of  his  works 
was  published  in  two  vols.  folio,  1684. 

SAMUEL  SLATER,  M.A. — This  pious  and  excellent  divine  was 
the  son  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Slater,  Minister  of  St.  Katharine's,  near 
the  Tower,  who,  after  passing  through  his  elementary  studies,  was 
sent  to  Cambridge,  where  he  took  his  degree.  The  first  place  of 


Nonconformist  Divines.  341 

his  stated  labours  was  at  Nayland,  in  Suffolk,  where  he  continued 
several  years;  and  thence  removed  to  St.  Mary's,  Bury  St.  Edmunds, 
where  he  exercised  his  ministry  with  great  diligence  and  success 
till  the  first  assizes  after  the  Restoration,  when  he  and  Mr.  Claget, 
his  fellow-labourer  in  that  town,  were  prosecuted  for  not  reading 
the  Book  of  Common  Prayer.  Thus  early  did  he  begin  to  feel  the 
storm  which  on  St.  Bartholomew's-day,  1662,  drove  him  and  many 
other  ministers  of  the  Established  Church  into  obscurity. 

Mr.  Slater  being  vigorously  opposed  for  Nonconformity  at 
Bury  St.  Edmunds,  removed  to  London,  where  he  took  advantage 
of  the  indulgence  granted  by  the  king,  and  cheerfully  embraced 
every  opportunity  of  public  service  and  usefulness.  On  the  death 
of  Mr.  Charnock  he  became  pastor  of  this  congregation,  where  he 
laboured  with  great  acceptance  and  fidelity  until  his  death.  "  The 
last  Sacrament  he  administered/'  says  Dr.  Grosvenor  in  his  Diary, 
"  I  received  with  him  :  he  looked  upon  himself  as  near  his  end. 
At  the  close  he  took  a  solemn  leave  of  the  congregation,  and  ended 
with  these  words,  which  were  delivered  with  the  solemnity  of  a 
dying  patriarch  blessing  his  children  and  with  the  authority  of  an 
Apostle — f  I  charge  you  before  God  that  you  prepare  to  meet  me 
at  the  day  of  judgment,  as  my  crown  of  joy,  and  that  not  one  of 
you  be  found  wanting  to  meet  me  there  at  the  right  hand  of  God/ 

f<  During  his  long  weakness  he  enjoyed  uninterrupted  peace  and 
tranquillity  within,  and  like  the  bright  luminary  of  the  morning, 
who  after  cheering  us  for  a  while  with  his  benignant  rays,  leaves 
us  gradually  at  night,  so  did  this  good  man  calmly  descend  into 
the  Valley  of  Death,  and  died  May  24th,  1704,  it  having  pleased 
God  to  prolong  his  life  to  an  advanced  period." 

JOHN  REYNOLDS,  at  the  Restoration,  was  Minister  of  Roughton, 
in  Norfolk,  from  which  preferment  he  was  ejected  for  Noncon- 
formity. Coming  afterwards  to  London,  he  was  chosen  colleague  with 
Mr.  Slater,  at  Crosby  Square.  He  was  one  of  the  ministers  who, 
on  the  part  of  the  Presbyterians,  went  up  to  King  James  II.  with 
the  address  of  thanks  for  his  indulgence  in  1687.  Mr.  Slater,  who 
preached  his  funeral  sermon,  speaks  of  him  as  a  person  of  con- 
siderable abilities  and  learning,  as  a  truly  gracious,  humble 
Christian,  a  profitable  preacher,  and  a  faithful  friend.  Mr. 
Reynolds  died  November  25th,  1691. 

DANIEL  ALEXANDER. — With  the  history  of  this  gentleman  pre- 
viously to  his  settlement  in  Crosby  Square,  we  are  entirely  unac- 


342   „  Nonconformist  Divines. 

quainted.  In  1693  he  was  chosen  assistant  to  Mr.  Slater,  and 
was  happy  in  this  connexion  till  Mr.  Slater's  death,  when  some 
uneasiness  arising  in  the  congregation  occasioned  his  leaving 
Crosby  Square.  Of  this  circumstance  he  thus  speaks — ' '  I  had  the 
honour  and  advantage  to  be  an  assistant  to  Mr.  Slater  near  eleven 
years,  in  all  which  time  not  the  least  tincture  of  jealousy  or  suspi- 
cion obtained  to  hinder  our  usefulness ;  but  I  was  always  treated 
by  him  with  that  unparalleled  candour,  affability,  kindness,  and 
sincere  respect,  which  rendered  my  work  much  more  pleasant 
and  desirable  than  it  otherwise  would  have  been,  as  is  now  mani- 
fest from  the  quite  contrary  treatment  I  have  met  with  since  his 
death."  About  1704  Mr.  Alexander  removed  to  Armourers'  Hall, 
where  he  preached  to  a  congregation  till  his  death,  September  3rd, 
1709,  when  he  was  forty-nine  years  of  age.  He  was  buried  in 
Bunhill  Fields. 

BENJAMIN  GROSVENOR,  D.D. — This  eminent  and  truly  excellent 
divine  was  born  in  London,  January  1st,  1695.  His  father  was 
an  upholsterer.  At  an  early  age  he  became  impressed  with  the 
importance  of  Divine  things,  which  were  strongly  inculcated 
by  his  pious  parents.  When  only  ten  years  old  he  had  such  an 
awful  view  of  the  evil  of  sin,  that  his  life  became  quite  a  burden; 
till  at  length,  through  the  providence  of  God,  he  heard  a  sermon 
from  a  minister  whose  name  he  never  knew,  that  satisfied  his  doubts 
and  gave  him  clear  views  of  the  Gospel  method  of  salvation.  From 
this  time  his  soul  found  its  true  rest,  and  henceforward  the  duties 
of  religion  were  his  greatest  delight.  He  no  longer  relished  the 
diversions  of'  youth ;  but  after  school  hours  retired  to  his  closet, 
spending  many  hours  in  prayer  and  devout  meditation. 

With  the  consent  of  his  parents  he  entered  upon  a  course  of 
studies  suited  to  the  profession  he  had  chosen;  and  in  1693  was 
placed  under  the  tuition  of  the  celebrated  Mr.  Timothy  Jollie,  at 
Attercliffe,  in  Yorkshire. 

In  very  early  life  he  connected  himself  with  the  Baptists,  and 
continued  with  them  for  seven  or  eight  years.  Soon  after  his 
return  from  the  Academy  he  declared  his  opinion  in  favour  of 
infant  baptism  and  the  Presbyterian  form  of  Church  government ; 
also  that  unordained  persons  ought  not  to  preach.  These  things 
moved  the  Church,  and,  after  much  time  spent  in  controversy, 
they  were  necessarily  obliged  at  his  request  to  dismiss  him  from 
his  membership  with  them. 


Nonconformist  Divines.  843 

In  the  year  1699  Mr.  Grosvenor  entered  upon  his  public  work, 
and  was  chosen  assistant  to  Mr.  Oldfield,  at  Maiden  Lane,  South- 
wark;  and  was  ordained  July  llth,  1704,  to  succeed  the  venerable 
Mr.  Slater  as  pastor  of  the  congregation  in  Crosby  Square. 

The  popularity  of  Mr.  Grosvenor  as  a  preacher  recommended 
him  to  some  of  the  most  considerable  of  the  Lectures  about  Lon- 
don. Besides  the  one  at  the  Old  Jewry,  he  was  one  of  the  first 
preachers  of  the  Friday  Evening  Lecture  at  the  Weigh  House ; 
and  in  1716  he  was  chosen  into  the  Merchants'  Lecture  upon  a 
Tuesday  morning,  at  Salters'  Hall.  The  University  of  Edinburgh 
conferred  upon  him,  in  1730,  the  Degree  of  Doctor  in  Divinity; 
and  in  1735,  when  the  nation  was  under  the  alarm  of  Popery, 
some  Dissenting  ministers  undertook  a  course  of  sermons  at 
Salters'  Hall  against  the  principal  errors  of  the  Church  of  Rome. 
It  fell  to  the  lot  of  Dr.  Grosvenor  to  discuss  the  subject  of  perse- 
cution, which  he  exposed  in  very  strong  colours. 

Dr.  Grosvenor  continued  in  the  faithful  discharge  of  his  pas- 
toral office  till  1749,  when  age  and  infirmities  compelled  him  to 
relinquish  his  charge,  having  been  a  minister  in  London  during 
the  period  of  fifty  years.  The  remainder  of  his  life  he  spent  in 
devout  retirement,  and  being  at  the  funeral  of  Dr.  Watts,  a  friend 
said  to  him,  "  Well,  Dr.  Grosvenor,  you  have  seen  the  end  of 
Dr.  Watts,  and  you  will  soon  follow :  what  think  you  of  death?" 
"  Think  of  it  ?"  replied  the  Doctor ;  ( '  why,  when  death  comes, 
I  shall  smile  upon  it,  if  God  smiles  upon  me."  He  was  con- 
fined to  his  chamber  for  seven  weeks,  with  much  suffering.  He 
lost  his  speech  some  days,  but  not  his  senses,  till  he  slept  in  Jesus 
on  LordVday  morning,  August  27th,  1758,  in  the  eighty-third  year 
of  his  age.  His  remains  were  interred  in  Bunhill  Fields,  and  an 
excellent  discourse  upon  the  occasion  of  his  death  was  preached  at 
Crosby  Square  by  the  Rev.  John  Barker,  who  had  been  his  assis- 
tant, and  intimate  friend  for  nearly  half  a  century. 

SAMUEL  WRIGHT,  D.D.,  Dr.  Grosvenor's  first  assistant,  a 
minister  of  great  reputation  and  celebrity  in  the  City  of  London, 
was  born  January  30th,  1682-3,  and  was  the  eldest  son  of  the 
Rev.  James  Wright,  of  Retford,  in  Nottinghamshire. 

Mr.  Wright  having  lost  his  parents  at  an  early  age,  the  care 
of  his  education  devolved  on  his  grandmother  and  Mr.  Cotton,  of 
Haigh,  in  Lancashire,  his  maternal  uncle.  By  them  he  was  put 
to  boarding-school  at  Attercliffe,  under  Mr.  Jollie;  and  at  the 


344  Nonconformist  Divines. 

age  of  twenty-one  he  went  to  reside  as  chaplain  with  his  uncle 
Cotton,  at  Haigh.  But  this  gentleman  dying,  he  removed  to 
London,  and  was  soon  after  invited  by  the  congregation  at  Crosby 
Square  to  assist  Dr.  Grosvenor.  He  was  also  chosen,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  Mr.  Hood,  to  preach  a  Lord's  Day  Evening  Lecture  at 
St.  Thomas's,  Southwark.  In  both  these  connexions  he  officiated 
a  few  years  with  great  diligence  and  success  till  1708,  when  he 
was  chosen  pastor  of  the  Church  Meeting  at  Blackfriars,  but 
which  afterwards  removed  to  a  more  commodious  and  handsome 
building  in  Carter  Lane,  which  was  opened  by  Dr.  Wright, 
December  5th,  1734;  and  by  the  blessing  of  God  upon  his  minis- 
try for  the  space  of  thirty-eight  years,  he  had  the  satisfaction  of 
preaching  to  as  large  an  auditory  and  as  distinguished  for  serious- 
ness and  affection  as  any  in  London. 

About  two  years  after  his  settlement  at  Blackfriars  he  married 
the  widow  of  his  predecessor,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Obadiah 
Hughes,  of  Enfield.  Some  years  after  he  was  chosen  into  the 
Tuesday  Morning  Lecture  at  Salters'  Hall,  and  also  into  the 
Lord's  Day  Morning  Lecture  at  Little  St.  Helen's. 

After  a  lingering  illness,  Dr.  Wright  entered  joyfully  into  his 
rest,  April  3rd,  1746,  aged  sixty-four  years.  His  liberality  to  the  poor 
was  regular  and  extensive.  In  his  purse  was  found  this  remarkable 
memorandum  : — "  Something  from  all  the  money  I  receive,  to  be 
put  into  this  purse  for  charitable  and  friendly  uses.  From  my 
salary  as  a  Minister,  which  is  uncertain,  a  tenth  part.  From 
occasional  and  extraordinary  gifts,  which  are  more  uncertain,  a 
twentieth  part.  From  copy  money  of  things  I  print,  and  interest 
of  my  estate  a  seventh  part." 

JOHN  BARKER. — Mr.  Wright  was  succeeded  in  his  office  of 
assistant  to  Dr.  Grosvenor  by  the  Rev.  John  Barker,  who  was 
born  about  the  year  1682;  and  after  passing  through  the  custo- 
mary course  of  grammar  learning,  was  placed  for  Academical 
instruction  under  the  care  of  Mr.  Timothy  Jollie. 

In  1709  Mr.  Barker  was  chosen  assistant  to  Dr.  Grosvenor, 
and  formed  an  agreeable  and  useful  friendship  with  that  minister 
and  other  valuable  persons ;  and,  after  a  lapse  of  more  than  forty 
years,  publicly  declared,  "  that  he  viewed  their  former  connexion 
with  pleasure,  and  accounted  it  his  honour." 

Shortly  after  the  death  of  the  pious  and  excellent  Matthew 


Nonconformist  Divines.  345 

Henry,  in  June,  1714,  Mr.  Barker  was  chosen  to  succeed  him  as 
pastor  of  the  congregation  in  Mare  Street,  Hackney,  where  his 
preaching,  which  was  then  without  notes,  was  accompanied  with  a 
considerable  share  of  popularity. 

Mr.  Barker,  to  the  no  small  dissatisfaction  and  surprise  of  the 
whole  Church,  resigned  his  charge  in  the  year  1738,  and  went  to 
reside  at  Epsom  in  Surrey,  where  he  lived  about  three  years, 
without  any  stated  employment,  but  was  on  all  occasions  ready  to 
assist  his  brethren.  On  the  death  of  the  Rev.  John  Newman,  of 
Salters'  Hall,  in  July,  1741,  Mr.  Barker,  who  was  then  nearly  sixty 
years  of  age,  was  invited  to  preside  over  that  congregation,  with 
which  invitation  after  a  short  time  he  complied. 

Mr.  Barker  retained  his  connexion  with  the  congregation  at 
Salters'  Hall  so  long  as  he  was  able  to  perform  the  duties  of  his 
office ;  but  severe  affliction,  which  attended  his  declining  years, 
compelled  him  to  resign  his  charge  in  the  spring  of  1762.  His 
death  took  place  May  31st,  1762,  when  he  was  eighty  years  of  age, 
and  he  was  interred  in  Hackney  churchyard,  in  a  vault  near  the 
south  wall. 

CLERK  OLDSWORTH,  Dr.  Grosvenor's  next  assistant,  received  his 
education  in  the  College  of  Glasgow,  upon  what  may  be  called 
Dr.  Williams's  foundation.  He  was  ordained  at  the  Old  Jewry, 
January  llth,  1721.  After  this  he  continued  to  assist  Dr. 
Grosvenor  till  his  death,  which  happened  in  the  prime  of  life  about 
the  year  1726. 

EDMUND  CALAMY,  B.D.,  son  of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Calamy. — It 
is  probable  that  he  was  educated  for  the  ministry,  first  in  Scotland 
and  afterwards  in  Holland,  at  both  which  places  his  father  pos- 
sessed considerable  connexions.  Returning  to  London,  he  was 
chosen  in  1723  to  preach  a  Tuesday  Lecture  at  the  Old  Jewry,  in 
conjunction  with  several  other  ministers  of  the  younger  class.  In 
the  year  1726  he  was  chosen  assistant  to  Dr.  Grosvenor,  in  which 
situation  he  continued  till  the  Doctor's  resignation  in  1749,  when 
he  also  declined  preaching.  After  this  he  lived  a  few  years  in  re- 
tirement, till  his  death,  which  happened  in  St.  John's  Square, 
June  13th,  1755.  He  was  a  learned  and  ingenious  man,  of  great 
worth,  and  much  respected  in  his  day. 

JOHN  HODGE,  D.D.,  received  his  academical  education  at 
Taunton  under  the  learned  Mr.  Henry  Grove,  and  the  first  years  of 


346  Nonconformist  Divines. 

his  ministry  were  spent,  as  we  believe,  at  Deal,  in  Kent.  Thence 
he  removed  to  Gloucester,  where  he  laboured  with  considerable 
reputation.  Dr.  Grosvenor  having  resigned  the  pastoral  office  in 
1749,  Dr.  Hodge  accepted  an  invitation  to  succeed  him  in  Crosby 
Square.  At  this  time  the  congregation  was  in  a  very  low  state ; 
and  notwithstanding  his  discourses  were  very  sensible  and  devo- 
tional, he  was  not  so  happy  as  to  raise  its  numbers,  but,  as  the  old 
members  died  or  families  removed,  it  continued  sinking.  The  in- 
firmities of  advanced  life  obliged  him  to  resign  the  pastoral  charge 
about  the  year  1761  or  1762.  After  this  he  lived  for  some  time 
in  retirement,  until  removed  by  death,  August  18th,  1767. 

RICHARD  JONES. — Upon  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Hodge  the 
principal  members  invited  the  Rev.  Richard  Jones,  formerly  a 
pupil  of  Dr.  Doddridge,  to  succeed  him.  Mr.  Jones  had  been 
settled  for  some  years  with  the  Presbyterian  Congregation  in 
Green  Street,  Cambridge.  Hopes  were  entertained  that  the  con- 
gregation in  Crosby  Square  would  revive  under  his  ministry,  but 
the  experiment  did  not  succeed.  The  lease  of  the  meeting-house 
expiring  about  six  years  afterwards,  the  state  of  the  Society  was 
too  discouraging  to  warrant  a  renewal ;  so  that  they  agreed  to 
dissolve  their  church  state,  and  the  remaining  members  dispersed 
into  other  Societies.  This  event  took  place  October  1st,  1769, 
when  Mr.  Jones  delivered  a  farewell  discourse  suited  to  the 
occasion,  from  Titus  ii.  13,  "  Looking  for  that  blessed  hope,  and  the 
glorious  appearing  of  the  great  God  and  our  Saviour  Jesus  Christ." 

In  this  sermon,  which  was  afterwards  printed,  Mr.  Jones  takes 
leave  of  his  Church  in  the  following  words  :  "  I  close  my  public 
services  among  you  with  the  profession  of  my  sincere  respect  and 
esteem  for  you,  and  with  my  wishes  for  your  happiness,  temporal 
and  eternal.  With  this  discourse  and  the  celebration  of  the  Lord's 
Supper,  my  relation  to  you,  as  a  pastor  and  teacher,  will  expire ; 
but  there  is  one  relation  that  I  shall  ever  bear  you,  in  whatever 
place  or  station  of  service  I  may  be  hereafter  fixed ;  for  I  shall 
always  be  yours  to  the  utmost  of  my  power,  in  all  the  offices  of 
friendship,  love,  and  gratitude.  I  have  no  doubt  that  the  future 
charges  of  my  life  will  be  under  the  direction  of  that  Great  Being, 
in  whose  favour  I  hope  to  make  my  final  remove  out  of  it ;  and  if 
I  had  been  more  useful  to  you  during  the  short  time  of  my  con- 
nexion with  you,  it  would  have  afforded  me  a  very  exalted  pleasure 


Nonconformist  Divines.  347 

at  parting.  Make  a  serious  business  of  religion  wheresoever  you 
go,  now  that  our  gates  are  desolate ;  nor  let  it  ever  appear  that 

you  have  hitherto  heard  in  vain Such  of  you  as  knew  this 

place  in  its  prosperous  days  must  for  many  late  years  have  ex- 
perienced similar  emotions  with  those  old  men  amongst  the  Jews, 
who  wept  at  seeing  the  sad  difference  between  the  second  Temple 
and  the  first.  The  Church  of  Christ,  though  not  of  this  world, 
will  in  some  measure  partake  of  its  changes  and  variations ;  and 
we  of  this  Society  must  be  reconciled  to  the  disagreeable  altera- 
tions that  time  and  death  have  made  amongst  us/'  Mr.  Jones 
afterwards  settled  at  Peckham,  where  he  preached  for  many  years, 
and  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  W.  B.  Colly er. 

Besides  the  assembly  of  Nonconformists  in  Crosby  Hall,  a 
meeting-house  existed  in  Little  St.  Helen's* — a  building  erected 
about  the  time  of  King  Charles's  Indulgence,  in  1672 — of  a  mode- 
rate size,  with  three  galleries,  and  being  conveniently  situated,  was 
often  made  use  of  for  Lectures  and  other  public  services  among 
the  Dissenters.  The  first  public  ordination  held  by  the  Non- 
conformists, after  the  Bartholomew  Act,  was  performed  at  this 
place  June  22,  I  694,  and  lasted  from  ten  in  the  morning  until 
six  o'clock  at  night.  Hitherto,  through  the  unfavourable  spirit  of 
the  times,  the  ordination  of  Dissenting  ministers  had  been  carried 
on  in  private,  and  Mr.  Calamy  consulted  several  aged  ministers  in 
London  respecting  the  propriety  of  a  public  service.  Considerable 
difficulty,  however,  arose  through  the  timidity  of  some  of  the  elder 
ministers ;  the  great  Mr.  Howe  absolutely  refused  taking  a  part 
in  this  service,  through  fear  of  offending  the  Government,  and 
Dr.  Bates  urged  some  other  reasons  to  excuse  himself.  At  length, 
however,  the  matter  was  accomplished,  and  Mr.  Calamy  was  pub- 
licly ordained  with  six  other  young  ministers.  This  was  the  first 
public  transaction  of  the  kind  amongst  the  Dissenters  in  London, 
after  the  Act  of  Uniformity  took  place,  1662,  and  was  conducted 
with  peculiar  solemnity. 

The  Friday  Morning  Lecture,  founded  by  Mr.  Coward,  in 
1726,  was  carried  on  at  this  place  till  the  demolition  of  the 
meeting-house,  when  it  was  removed  to  Camomile  Street.  There 


Wilson's  History  of  Dissenting  Churches,  vol.  i.  p.  363. 


348  Nonconformist  Divines. 

was  also  a  Lecture  here  for  many  years,  upon  the  Lord's  Day 
Morning,  at  seven  o'clock,  during  the  summer  season,  in  com- 
memoration of  the  happy  accession  of  George  I.  to  the  throne 
of  these  kingdoms.  The  Catechetical  Lecture  on  a  Wednesday 
evening,  formerly  at  Lime  Street,  was  removed  to  this  place,  and 
a  casuistical  exercise,  on  a  Lord's  Day  evening,  was  conducted 
here  for  some  years,  by  Mr.  Pike  and  Mr.  Hayward. 

The  congregation  assembling  in  this  place  was  collected  by 
Dr.  Samuel  Annesley,  and  continued  in  a  flourishing  state  for 
many  years  after  his  death.  At  length  the  congregation  so 
far  declined,  that  after  the  death  of  Mr.  Kello  in  1790,  they 
dissolved  their  church  state.  The  meeting-house  was  then  occu- 
pied by  Mr.  William  Brown,  who  after  preaching  there  a  short 
time,  removed  his  people,  in  1792,  to  Cumberland  Street,  Shore- 
ditch.  The  place  was  then  taken  by  the  Rev.  C.  F.  Triebner,  a 
German  Lutheran  divine,  who  had  raised  a  small  society  in 
Brown's  Lane,  Spitalfields,  but  in  consequence  of  a  division,  con- 
ducted part  of  the  people  in  1792  to  Little  St.  Helens.  Mr. 
Triebner  occupied  the  place  about  two  years,  when  the  lease 
expiring,  he  removed  to  the  meeting-house  in  Eastcheap.  A  Mr. 
Underwood  then  occupied  it  for  about  a  twelvemonth  till  the 
place  was  shut  up.  In  October,  1794,  a  Lecture  on  a  Sunday 
evening  was  opened  here  by  Mr.  David  Rivers,  who  for  a  short 
time  entertained  his  hearers  with  some  pulpit  essays,  and  then 
removed  to  Monkwell  Street.  The  last  sermon  preached  here 
was  at  Mr.  Coward's  Friday  Lecture,  May  15th,  1795,  by  the 
Rev.  Samuel  Palmer,  of  Hackney.  This  ancient  building  was 
then  shut  up  for  a  few  years;  but  in  1799  was  entirely  taken 
down,  and  some  handsome  houses  erected  on  its  site. 

The  ministers  of  the  old  Presbyterian  Congregation  were  as 
follows : — 

MINISTERS.  PASTOR  ASSISTANT 

from      to          from       to 

Samuel  Annesley,  1672  1696 

John  Woodhouse,  1697  1701 

Benjamin  Eobinson,  1701  1724 
HarmanHood,                                             17—     1720 

Edward  Godwin,  1722  1764        1721     1722 

Thomas  Prentice,  1764  17— 

George  Stephens,  17—  1780 

James  Kello,  1781  1790 


Nonconformist  Divines.  349 

SAMUEL  ANNESLEY,  LL.D.,  was  bora  of   religious  parents  at 
Kenilworth,   near   Warwick,   Ann.   Dom.    1620.     He    was   first 
cousin  to  Arthur  Annesley,  Earl  of  Anglesey,  Lord  Privy  Seal  in 
the  reign  of  Charles  II.     His  father  dying  when  he  was  only  four 
years  old,  the  care  of  his  education  devolved  upon  his  mother,  a 
prudent,   pious   woman.     He   was    so   early   under    serious   im- 
pressions, that  he  often  declared  that  he  never  knew  the  time 
when  he  was  not  converted,  and  this  religious  disposition  strongly 
inclined  him  to  the  ministry  from  his  very  infancy.     At  Michael- 
mas Term,  1635,  being  fifteen  years  of  age,  he  was  admitted  a 
student  in  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  where  he  took  his  degrees  in 
Arts,  and  was  particularly  remarkable  for  temperance  and  industry. 
In  1 644  he  became  chaplain  to  the  Earl  of  Warwick,  the  Admiral 
of  the  Parliament's  Fleet.    In  process  of  time  he  was  promoted  to 
the  valuable  living  of  Cliff,  in  Kent,  worth  400/.  per  annum.    Here 
he  succeeded  Dr.  Higges,  the  sequestered  minister.     At  the  com- 
mencement of  his  labours  he  met  with  considerable  difficulties, 
the  people  being  rude  and  ignorant.     So  high  did  they  carry  their 
opposition,  as  frequently  to  assault   him  with  spits,  forks,  and 
stones,  often  threatening  his  life ;  but  he  declared,  "  Let  them  use 
him  as  they  would,  he  was  resolved  to  continue  with  them,  till 
God  had  fitted  them  by  his  ministry  to  entertain  a  better  who 
should   succeed  him ;    but    solemnly   declared,   that   when   they 
became  so  prepared,  he  would  leave  the  place."     In  a  few  years 
his  ministry  met  with  surprising  success,  and  the  people  were 
greatly  reformed. 

In  July,  1648,  Mr.  Annesley  was  called  to  London  to  preach 
the  Fast  Sermon  before  the  House  of  Commons,  which  by  their 
order  was  printed.  But,  though  greatly  approved  by  the  Parlia- 
ment, it  gave  much  offence  to  others,  as  reflecting  upon  the  King, 
then  a  prisoner  in  the  Isle  of  Wight.  It  was  about  this  time 
that  he  was  honoured  by  the  University  of  Oxford  with  the  title 
of  Doctor  of  Laws,  conferred  on  him  at  the  instance  of  the  Earl 
of  Pembroke.  August  25th,  in  the  same  year,  he  again  went  to 
sea  with  his  patron,  the  Earl  of  Warwick,  who  was  employed  in 
giving  chase  to  that  part  of  the  English  navy  which  went  over 
to  the  then  Prince,  afterwards  Charles  II.  After  continuing  at 
sea  more  than  three  months,  he  returned  to  London  in  the 
December  following. 


350  Nonconformist  Divines. 

Some  time  after  this,  having  procured  a  suitable  successor,  he 
resigned  his  Kentish  living,  much  against  the  will  of  his 
parishioners.  Not  long  after,  in  1652,  Providence  directed  his 
removal  to  London  by  the  unanimous  choice  of  the  inhabitants  of 
St.  John  the  Evangelist,  Friday  Street.  In  1657  he  was  nominated 
by  Oliver,  Lord  Protector,  Lecturer  of  St.  Paul's,  and  in  the 
following  year  the  Protector,  Richard,  presented  him  to  the  living 
of  St.  Giles's,  Cripplegate ;  but  this  presentation  growing  quickly 
useless,  he  in  1660  procured  another  from  the  Trustees  for  the 
maintenance  of  Ministers,  being  also  a  Commissioner  for  the  ap- 
probation and  admission  of  Ministers  of  the  Gospel  after  the  Pres- 
byterian mode.  His  second  presentation  growing  as  much  out  of 
date  as  the  first,  he  obtained,  August  28th,  1660,  a  third  presen- 
tation of  a  more  legal  nature  from  King  Charles  II.  Yet  even 
this  did  not  keep  him  there  long,  for  on  St.  Bartholomews-day, 
1662,  he  was  ejected  for  Nonconformity,  having  been  removed 
from  his  lectureship  at  St.  Paul's  about  two  years  before. 

Upon  the  indulgence  in  1672,  Dr.  Annesley  licensed  a  meeting- 
house in  Little  St.  Helen's,*  where  he  raised  a  nourishing  society, 
of  which  he  continued  the  pastor  until  his  death,  and  as  he 
possessed  a  considerable  paternal  estate  he  was  enabled  to  do 
much  good,  not  only  providing  for  the  education  and  subsistence 
of  several  ministers,  but  devoting  a  tenth  part  of  his  income  to 
charitable  purposes.  In  the  early  part  of  his  life  he  is  said  to 
have  been  under  darkness  of  mind,  but  he  afterwards  enjoyed 
uninterrupted  peace,  and  laboured  earnestly  in  the  ministry  for 
fifty-five  years.  At  length  he  was  attacked  by  a  painful  distemper, 
which  after  seventeen  weeks  of  intolerable  torture  put  a  period  to 
his  life,  December  31st,  1696,  in  the  seventy- seventh  year  of  his  age. 

The  last  time  Dr.  Annesley  entered  the  pulpit,  being  dissuaded 
from  preaching  on  account  of  his  illness,  he  said,  "  I  must  work 
while  it  is  day."  His  zeal  to  do  good  was  equal  to  his  ability. 

*  "  There  were  also  weekly  meetings  of  ministers  in  a  body,  kept  up  at 
this  time  at  Dr.  Annesley's  Yestry,  at  Little  St.  Helen's — now  St.  Helen's 
Place — in  Bishopsgate  Street.  Once  a  month,  there  were  Latin  disputations 
upon  such  heads  of  divinity  as  were  agreed  upon.  These  were  declined,  and 
at  length  wholly  dropped,  as  the  heats  and  debates  among  the  ministers 
grew  warmer."— Calamy's  Life,  vol.  i.  p.  325.  Ed.  Lond.  1829. 

Id.  Account  of  Ordination  of  Seven  Ministers,  June  22nd,  1694,  at  Dr. 
Annesley's  Meeting-house, BishopsgateWithin,  near  Little  St.  Helen's,  p.  348. 


Nonconformist  Divines.  351 

The  poor  looked  upon  him  as  their  common  father.  The  cele- 
brated Richard  Baxter  says  of  him : — "  He  is  a  most  sincere, 
godly,  humble  man,  totally  devoted  to  God." 

Dr.  Annesley  left  a  son,  Benjamin,  and  two  daughters.  Judith, 
the  eldest,  married  a  Mr.  James  Fremantle,  the  other  daughter, 
Ann,  was  married  to  the  Rev.  Samuel  Wesley,  father  to  the  cele- 
brated John  Wesley.  She  was  a  sensible,  pious  woman,  and  bore 
nineteen  children,  of  whom  three  were  ministers. 

JOHN  WOODHOUSE,  an  eminent  tutor  and  divine  among  the 
Nonconformists,  received  his  education  in  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge ;  from  thence,  while  but  young,  he  removed  into  the  family 
of  Lady  Grantham,  as  chaplain,  where  he  resided  several  years. 

When  the  Uniformity  Act  took  place,  Mr.  Woodhouse  appears 
to  have  resided  in  Nottinghamshire,  as  he  is  enumerated  among 
the  silenced  ministers  of  that  county  by  Dr.  Calamy.  He  after- 
wards removed  to  Sherifhales,  in  Shropshire,  where  he  opened  an 
Academy  for  training  young  men  for  the  ministry,  and  the  many 
excellent  persons  who  were  educated  under  him  gave  proof  of  his 
ability  for  his  office.  He  married  the  daughter  of  Major  Hubbard, 
of  Leicestershire,  a  lady  of  singular  piety  as  well  as  handsome 
fortune. 

Besides  his  employment  as  a  tutor,  Mr.  Woodhouse  exerted 
himself  with  great  zeal  as  a  minister  of  the  Gospel.  He  dreaded 
a  useless  life,  and  when  some  unhappy  circumstances  occasioned 
him  to  break  up  the  Academy,  it  was  his  frequent  complaint — 
"  Now  every  field  is  unpleasant  for  fear  I  shall  live  to  no  purpose/' 
Not  long  afterwards,  however,  he  received  an  invitation  to  succeed 
Dr.  Annesley  at  Little  St.  Helen's,  where  he  continued  in  the 
faithful  discharge  of  his  ministry  till  his  death.  Within  a  few 
days  of  that  event  he  took  a  solemn  leave  of  his  people,  in  a 
sermon  delivered  with  his  usual  warmth  and  affection.  He  en- 
joyed the  exercise  of  reason  till  the  last,  prayed  with  great  fervour, 
was  full  of  inward  comfort,  and  died  without  a  groan  in  the 
year  1700. 

BENJAMIN  ROBINSON,  a  learned  minister,  and  born  of  pious 
parents  at  Derby  in  the  year  1666.  His  mother  died  a  few  days 
after  his  birth.  At  a  proper  age  he  was  sent  to  the  Grammar 
School  at  Derby,  and  was  afterwards  placed  under  the  tuition  of 
the  Rev.  John  Woodhouse,  at  Sherifhales,  where  he  finished  his 


352  Nonconformist  Divines. 

academical  studies,  and  from  thence  removed  into  the  family  of 
Sir  John  Gell,  where  he  applied  so  closely  to  study  as  greatly  to 
injure  his  health.  He  there  became  acquainted  with  that  great 
and  good  man,  the  venerable  Richar^  Baxter.  After  some  time 
he  removed  into  the  family  of  Mr.  Samuel  Saunders,  of  Norman- 
ton,  as  domestic  chaplain.  The  conversation  of  this  family  and  a 
valuable  library,  to  which  he  had  access,  rendered  his  situation 
very  agreeable. 

Mr.  Saunders  dying,  and  Mr.  Robinson  altering  his  condition, 
he  removed  to  Findern,  in  Derbyshire,  where  he  was  solemnly 
ordained  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  Oct.  10th,  1688.  Notwith- 
standing the  discouraging  state  of  the  times,  he  applied  to  his  work 
with  great  labour  and  zeal.  His  learning,  piety,  and  obliging  be- 
haviour introduced  him  to  many  worthy  persons  among  the  clergy 
and  others,  from  whom  he  received  such  offers  of  preferment  in  the 
National  Church  as  were  not  to  be  resisted,  except  upon  a  prin- 
ciple of  conscience.  At  Findern  he  set  up  a  private  Grammar 
School  in  the  year  1693,  for  which  he  was  cited  into  the  Bishop's 
Court ;  but  upon  personal  application  to  Dr.  Lloyd,  then  Bishop 
of  Lichfield  and  Coventry,*  with  whom  he  was  acquainted,  he  soon 
obtained  relief.  The  good  Bishop  took  this  opportunity  of  enter- 
ing into  an  amicable  debate  with  him  on  the  subject  of  Noncon- 
formity, which  continued  till  two  o'clock  in  the  morning,  when 
Mr.  Robinson  was  dismissed  with  particular  marks  of  favour. 
About  this  time  he  became  acquainted  with  the  excellent  Mr.  John 
Howe,  who,  discovering  his  great  worth,  resolved  to  embrace  the 
earliest  opportunity  of  bringing  him  to  London. 

From  Findern  Mr.  Robinson  was  called  to  Hungerford,  in 
Berkshire,  which  invitation  he  accepted  upon  the  recommendation 
of  Mr.  Howe,  who  conducted  his  settlement  with  a  solemnity 
peculiar  to  himself.  He  exercised  his  ministry  in  this  place  with 
great  acceptance  for  seven  years,  and  at  the  earnest  request  of 
some  of  his  brethren,  in  1696,  set  up  a  private  academy.  This 
procured  him  enemies ;  and  complaint  being  made  to  Dr.  Burnet, 
Bishop  of  Salisbury,f  he  was  sent  for  by  that  excellent  prelate,  then 
in  his  progress,  on  a  visitation  through  Hungerford.  Mr.  Robinson 
gave  the  Bishop  such  satisfactory  reasons  for  his  Nonconformity, 


See  Le  Neve's  Fasti,  vol.  i.  p.  558.  f  !<*•  vol.  iii.  p.  609. 


Nonconformist  Divines.  353 

and  for  that  undertaking  in  particular,  as  laid  the  foundation  of  an 
intimate  friendship  ever  afterwards. 

In  the  year  1700,  upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Woodhouse,  who  had 
recommended  Mr.  Robinson  to  his  people  as  a  fit  person  to  succeed 
him,  he  received  an  unanimous  invitation  to  take  the  pastoral 
charge  of  the  congregation  in  Little  St.  Helen's.  In  1705  he  was 
chosen  one  of  the  preachers  of  the  Merchants'  Lecture  at  S alters' 
Hall.  As  he  approached  his  latter  end  his  patience  and  resigna- 
tion, through  much  suffering,  were  surprising  to  all  around  him — 
continually  rejoicing  in  God,  until,  after  eight  weeks'  confinement 
to  his  bed,  he  departed  this  life,  April  30,  1724,  aged  fifty-eight 
years,  and  was  interred  in  Bunhill  Fields. 

HARMAN  HOOD. — Mr.  Robinson  was  assisted  several  years  by 
a  Mr.  Harman  Hood,  who  also  preached  an  evening  lecture  at 
St.  Thomas's,  Southwark,  in  conjunction  with  Dr.  Wright;  but 
increasing  illness  compelled  him  to  relinquish  both  the  services 
about  the  year  1720.  He  survived  Mr.  Robinson,  and  furnished 
several  particulars  relating  to  his  life.  His  name  (H.  H.)  is 
among  the  subscribing  ministers  at  the  Salters'  Hall  Synod  in 
1719,  but  no  further  particulars  are  known  concerning  him. 

EDWARD  GODWIN  was  born  at  Newbury,  in  Berks,  about  the 
year  1695.  Being  intended  for  the  ministry,  he  was  sent  to  the 
Rev.  Samuel  Jones's  academy  at  Tewkesbury;  and  such  was  the 
high  opinion  entertained  of  him,  that  upon  the  death  of  his  tutor 
he  received  a  pressing  invitation  to  succeed  him  in  the  impor- 
tant province  of  educating  young  men  for  the  ministry.  This, 
however,  he  modestly  declined,  and  upon  leaving  the  academy 
settled  for  a  short  time  at  Hungerford,  and  in  the  year  1721 
became  assistant  to  Mr.  Robinson  in  Little  St.  Helen's.  In 
the  following  year  he  was  ordained  co-pastor,  and  upon 
Mr.  Robinson's  death  in  1724  succeeded  to  the  whole  charge. 
As  Mr.  Godwin  was  a  very  lively  and  ready  preacher,  the 
congregation,  which  had  declined  under  his  predecessor,  soon 
experienced  a  considerable  revival,  and  he  was  speedily  called  to 
preach  at  some  of  the  most  popular  lectures  among  the  Dissenters. 
The  first  he  was  called  to  engage  in  was  at  the  Old  Jewry  on  a 
Tuesday  evening,  about  the  year  1723;  and  upon  the  institution 
of  Mr.  Coward's  Lecture  in  1726,  Mr.  Godwin  was  one  of  the 

A  A 


354  Nonconformist  Divines. 

first  ministers  chosen  to  conduct  it.  After  some  time  he  was 
also  chosen  one  of  the  Merchants'  Lecturers  upon  a  Tuesday 
morning  at  Salters'  Hall,  and  likewise  into  the  Friday  Evening 
Lecture  at  the  Weigh  House. 

The  latter  years  of  Mr.  Godwin's  life  were  embittered  by 
many  bodily  infirmities,  and  after  labouring  in  this  part  of  the 
vineyard  upwards  of  forty  years  with  reputation  to  himself  and 
usefulness  to  others,  the  lamp  of  life  was  almost  insensibly  extin- 
guished on  the  21st  March,  1764,  in  the  sixty-ninth  year  of  his  age. 

His  remains  were  interred  in  Bunhill  Fields,  and  Dr.  Langford 
delivered  a  funeral  discourse  to  his  afflicted  Church,  from 
John  xii.  26 — "If  any  man  serve  me,  let  him  follow  me;  and 
where  I  am,  there  shall  also  my  servant  be." 

Mr.  Godwin  married  the  widow  of  his  tutor,  Mr.  Jones,  and 
by  her  had  two  sons,  the  eldest,  though  not  trained  to  the  ministry, 
preached  a  short  time  in  Mr.  Whitefield's  connexion,  but  died  in 
early  life.  The  other  son  was  educated  under  Dr.  Doddridge, 
and  settled  at  Wisbeach. 

THOMAS  PRENTICE  received  his  education  at  Mile  End,  under 
Drs.  Conder,  Walker,  and  Gibbons,  and  was  chosen  Assistant  to 
Mr.  Godwin  in  1762,  and  succeeded  him  in  the  pastoral  office. 
In  this  situation  he  continued  but  a  short  time,  when  embracing 
the  Saudemanian  sentiments  his  connexion  with  the  Church  was 
dissolved.  After  this  he  joined  the  Sandemanian  Society  in 
Bull-and-Mouth  Street,  but  after  a  few  years  retired  to  Nottingham 
and  carried  on  a  manufacturing  concern. 

GEORGE  STEPHENS,  M.A. — After  the  departure  of  Mr.  Prentice, 
the  Rev.  G.  Stephens,  a  Scotchman,  was  invited  to  undertake  the 
pastoral  office,  which  he  accepted.  In  this  situation  he  remained 
until  his  death,  about  the  end  of  the  year  1780.  Mr.  Stephens 
had  the  misfortune  to  be  blind  of  one  eye ;  but  this  was  not  his 
greatest  defect,  he  was  an  imprudent  man,  and  became  involved  in 
his  circumstances. 

JAMES  KELLO,  brother  to  Mr.  Kello,  of  Bethnal  Green,  was 
born  about  the  year  1755,  in  the  City  of  London,  and  pursued  his 
academical  studies  at  Homerton.  On  leaving  the  Academy  he 
settled  with  a  congregation  at  Hertford,  whence  he  removed 
to  London  to  succeed  Mr.  Stephens.  Here  he  preached  for  the 
space  of  eight  years,  when  he  was  removed  by  death  in  the  midst 


Nonconformist  Divines.  355 

of  his  days,  February  4th,  1790,  aged  but  thirty-five  years.  His 
remains  were  interred  in  Bunhill  Fields,  and  with  his  death  the 
Church  over  which  he  was  pastor  may  be  said  to  have  died  also. 

Not  long  after  the  dissolution  of  the  Presbyterian  Society  in 
Crosby  Square,  the  meeting-house  was  taken  on  lease  by  Mr. 
James  Relly,  the  leader  of  a  religious  sect  whose  distinguishing 
tenets  have  received  the  name  of  Antinomianism. 

JAMES  RELLY  was  born  at  Jefferson,  in  the  county  of  Pembroke, 
rt  >  ^  North  Wales,  in  the  year  1720.  His  parents  were  respectable 
persons,  and  placed  him  for  education  at  the  Grammar  School  of 
that  town.  At  the  usual  age  he  was  put  apprentice  to  a  cow- 
farrier,  in  which  occupation  he  is  said  to  have  excelled.  Relly  was 
a  wild  ungovernable  youth,  and  addicted  to  bad  company.  On  a 
certain  Sunday  he  agreed,  with  some  other  lads  of  his  own  stamp, 
to  go  and  hear  Mr.  Whitefield  preach,  that  he  might  have  an 
opportunity  of  laughing  at  the  Methodists.  They  commenced 
their  sport  by  making  a  noise  and  ridiculing  the  preacher,  to  the 
disturbance  of  the  congregation.  At  length  Mr.  Whitefield's  dis- 
course so  riveted  the  attention  of  young  Relly,  that  when  his 
companions  wished  him  to  retire,  he  resolved  to  stay  behind,  and 
from  that  time  became  serious.  He  now  had  many  conflicts  with 
himself  on  his  past  life  and  future  expectations. 

Mr.  Relly  having  formed  an  acquaintance  with  Mr.  Whitefield, 
became  one  of  his  most  strenuous  supporters,  and  in  a  little  time 
commenced  preacher.  His  first  settled  ministerial  charge  was  in 
South  Wales,  where  he  continued  to  preach  some  years.  During 
his  residence  in  this  place  he  took  frequent  journeys  to  Bristol, 
and  on  his  way  would  often  stop  at  Kingswood  and  other  places 
to  discourse  with  the  colliers.  At  this  time  he  was  extremely 
popular ;  but  a  separation  taking  place  between  him  and  Mr. 
Whitefield,  gave  a  new  turn  to  his  connexions.  After  this,  Mr. 
Relly  came  to  London,  where  he  soon  united  himself  with  the 
Universalists.  His  first  preaching-place  was  Coachmakers'  Hall, 
where  he  had  a  numerous  congregation.  At  this  time  he  wrote 
several  of  his  works ;  and  his  preaching  and  writings  created  no 
small  stir  in  the  religious  world.  The  term  Antinomian  is  said  to 
have  been  first  applied  to  him  by  Mr.  John  Wesley,  and  it  has 
been  fixed  upon  his  followers  ever  since.  The  odium  attached  to 

A  A  2 


356  Nonconformist  Divines. 

his  opinions,  on  account  of  the  immoral  tendency  which  they  were 
represented  to  have  produced  a  great  influence  upon  his  followers, 
who  gradually  deserted  him  till  he  had  but  few  left.  In  process 
of  time  he  took  the  meeting-house  in  Bartholomew  Close,  where 
he  continued  till  the  expiration  of  the  lease  at  Midsummer,  1769. 
Soon  after  which  he  removed  into  the  old  meeting-house  in  Crosby 
Square,  where  he  continued  to  preach  till  his  death,  which  took 
place  on  the  25th  of  April,  1778,  in  the  fifty-eighth  year  of  his 
age.  His  remains  were  interred  in  the  Baptist  burial-ground, 
Maze  Pond,  Southwark,  where  a  neat  monument  was  erected  to 
his  memory. 

In  the  vicinity  of  the  Church  in  Great  St.  Helen's  stood  for- 
merly a  meeting-house,  used  for  that  purpose  in  the  time  of  the 
Long  Parliament  by  the  famous  Mr.  Hansard  Knollys.  What 
became  of  the  meeting-house  after  he  quitted  it  we  no  where  learn, 
but  of  this  eminent  man  and  of  the  church  he  collected,  we  have 
the  following  particulars. 

HANSARD  KNOLLYS  was  born  about  the  year  1 598,  at  Chalk- 
well,  in  Lincolnshire.  He  had  the  advantage  of  descending  from 
religious  parents,  who  maintained  a  tutor  for  him  in  their  house 
till  he  was  fit  for  the  University,  when  they  sent  him  to  Cam- 
bridge, on  leaving  which  he  was  chosen  Master  of  the  Free  School 
at  Gainsborough. 

In  June,  1629,  Mr.  Knollys  was  ordained.  Soon  after  which 
he  was  presented  by  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln  to  the  living  of  Humber- 
stone,  in  Leicestershire ;  but  this  he  held  only  two  or  three  years, 
when  he  began  to  scruple  concerning  the  lawfulness  of  several  cere- 
monies, and  he  accordingly  resigned  his  living.  About  the  year 
1 636  he  renounced  his  episcopal  ordination,  and  joined  himself 
to  the  Nonconformists,  which  exposed  him  to  many  hardships. 
Being  followed  by  persecution  he  sought  shelter  in  New  England, 
and  is  honourably  mentioned  by  Mather  as  having  a  respectable 
character  in  the  churches  of  that  wilderness.  I/pon  his  arrival  at 
Boston,  he  was  apprehended  by  virtue  of  a  warrant  from  the  High 
Commission  Court,  and  confined  for  some  time  to  a  private  house ; 
but  by  his  serious  discourse  he  so  terrified  the  conscience  of  his 
keeper,  that  he  set  open  his  doors  and  suffered  him  to  depart. 

Mr.  Knollys  remained  about  five  years  in  America,  but  being 


Nonconformist  Divines.  357 

recalled  to  England  by  his  aged  father,,  he  arrived  safely  in  London 
on  the  21th  December,  1641.  At  this  time  he  was  in  great 
poverty,  and  for  his  better  support  he  took  under  his  care  a  few 
scholars  till  he  was  chosen  Master  of  the  Free  School  in  St.  Mary 
Axe,  where,  in  the  course  of  one  year,  he  had  one  hundred  and 
fifty- six  scholars.  But  the  benefits  resulting  from  this  employ- 
ment he  quitted  to  go  into  the  Parliament  army,  and  he  preached 
freely  to  the  common  soldiers,  till  he  perceived  the  commanders 
sought  their  own  things  more  than  the  cause  of  God  and  his 
people,  when  he  left  the  army  and  returned  to  London. 

Episcopacy  being  now  laid  aside,  Mr.  Knollys  preached  for 
some  time  in  the  parish  churches  with  great  approbation ;  but  the 
Presbyterians  having  gained  the  ascendancy,  made  as  ill  use  of 
their  power  as  their  predecessors,  proscribing  all  those  who  did 
not  fall  in  with  their  particular  sentiments;  and  Mr.  Knollys 
being  earnestly  requested  to  preach  at  Bow  Church,  took  occasion 
from  his  subject  to  speak  against  the  practice  of  infant  baptism  : 
this  giving  offence,  a  complaint  was  lodged  against  him,  and  he 
was  apprehended  and  kept  several  days  in  prison.  At  length  being 
brought  before  the  Committee,  he  was  examined,  and  gave  such 
satisfactory  answers,  that  he  was  discharged  without  blame  or 
paying  fees. 

Not  long  after  this,  Mr.  Knollys  went  into  Suffolk,  and 
preached  in  several  places ;  but  being  accounted  an  Antinomiaii, 
the  virulence  of  the  mob  was  excited  against  him  by  the  High 
Constable.  At  one  time  he  was  stoned  out  of  the  pulpit ;  at  another 
time  the  doors  of  the  church  were  shut  against  him,  upon  which  he 
preached  in  the  churchyard.  This  was  considered  too  great  a  crime 
to  be  excused,  and  he  was  taken  into  custody,  and  afterwards 
sent  a  prisoner  to  London,  with  articles  of  complaint  against  him 
to  the  Parliament.  On  his  examination  he  proved  that  all  the 
disorders  which  had  happened  were  owing  to  the  violence  of  his 
enemies.  His  answers  were  so  satisfactory  that  he  was  not  only 
discharged,  but  had  liberty  to  preach  in  any  part  of  Suffolk. 

Mr.  Knollys  finding  how  much  offence  was  taken  at  his 
preaching  in  the  church,  and  to  what  troubles  it  exposed  him,  set 
up  a  separate  meeting  in  Great  St.  Helen's,  where  the  people 
flocked  to  hear  him,  and  he  had  generally  a  thousand  auditors ; 
but  this  gave  greater  offence  to  his  Presbyterian  brethren  than  his 


358  Nonconformist  Divines. 

former  method.  Now  they  complained  that  he  was  too  near  the 
church,  and  that  he  kept  his  meetings  at  the  same  times  that  they 
had  their  public  worship ;  and  first  they  prevailed  upon  his  land- 
lord to  warn  him  out  of  the  place.  After  this  he  had  a  large 
meeting-house  in  Finsbury  Fields,  and  still  continuing  to  preach, 
was  summoned  before  a  Committee  of  Divines  at  Westminster,  who 
commanded  him  to  preach  no  more.  The  life  of  this  good  man 
was  a  continual  scene  of  trouble  and  vexation.  Soon  after  the 
Restoration,  Mr.  Knollys  was  dragged  to  Newgate,  with  many 
other  innocent  persons,  where  he  suffered  eighteen  weeks'  impri- 
sonment till  delivered  by  an  act  of  grace  upon  the  King's  corona- 
tion. After  removing  into  different  parts  of  England,  Mr.  Knollys 
went  abroad,  and  on  his  return  to  London  betook  himself  to  his 
former  employment  of  school  teaching,  by  which  he  was  enabled 
by  the  blessing  of  God  to  provide  things  honest  and  convenient  for 
his  family.  He  was  also  by  no  means  negligent  of  that  work 
which  was  the  great  labour  of  his  life ;  but  he  continued  in  the 
faithful  discharge  of  the  pastoral  office  to  gather  congregations  in 
various  places  till  his  death,  at  which  time  his  meeting-house  was 
in  Broken  Wharf,  Upper  Thames  Street.  He  also  preached  a 
Morning  Lecture  every  Lord's  day  at  Pinners'  Hall.  The  malice 
of  man,  however,  occasioned  frequent  interruptions  to  his  work. 
By  virtue  of  an  Act  against  Conventicles,  commencing  May  10, 
1670,  he  was  taken  at  a  meeting  in  George  Yard,  and  committed 
by  the  Lord  Mayor  to  the  Compter  in  Bishopsgate ;  but  having 
favour  in  the  eyes  of  the  Keeper,  was  permitted  to  preach  to  the 
prisoners  twice  every  week.  Soon  after,  at  the  Old  Bailey 
Sessions,  he  was  set  at  liberty.  He  was,  however,  no  sooner  de- 
livered from  this  trial  than  he  was  called  to  endure  severe  bodily 
affliction,  and  afterwards  some  domestic  trials — first  by  the  loss  of 
his  wife,  who  died  April  13, 1671,  followed  by  the  death  of  his  only 
son.  After  this  his  household  affairs  were  managed  by  his  grand- 
daughter, whose  prudent  conduct  rendered  his  declining  years 
tolerably  easy.  He  kept  his  bed  but  a  few  days,  and  dying 
Sept.  19,  1691,  in  the  ninety-third  year  of  his  age,  was  buried  in 
Bunhill  Fields. 


APPENDIX. 


Page  Q.—Basing's  Will. 

Prioratus  S.  Heleuae,  juxta  vicum  de  Bishopsgate-streete,  in  civitate 
Londoniarum. 

De  constituendo  Moniales  in  eadera. 

[Ex  cod.  ma.  penes  Dec.  et  Capit.  Eccles.  Cath.  S.  Pauli, 
Lond.,  A.  fol.  246.] 

"  Sciant  praesentes  et  futuri,  Quod  ego  Alardus  Ecclesiae  S.  Pauli 
Decanus  et  ejusdem  Ecclesise  capitulum,  concessimus  Willielmo  fil., 
Willielmi  Aurifabri  patrono  Ecclesiae  S.  Helenae,  London.,  ut  con- 
stituat  in  eadem  Ecclesia  moniales,  Deo  ibidem  in  perpetuum  servi- 
turas,  et  Collegio  ibidem  constituto  jus  Patronatus  ejusdem  Ecclesiae, 
quod  a  praedecessoribus  nostris  ei  fuerat  concessum,  conferat.  Ita 
quidem,  quod  quicunque  ibidem  nomine  Priorissae  ministrabit,  post 
electionem  ab  eodem  Collegio  factam,  Decano  et  Capitulo  London, 
praesentetur,  et  juret  fidelitatem  Decano  et  Capitulo  tarn  de  ipsa 
Ecclesia,  quam  de  Pensione  dimidiae  Marcae  annue,  infra  octo  dies 
Paschae  solvenda  et  de  jure  patronatus  non  alienando,  et  quod  nulli  alio 
Collegio  se  subjiciet.  Concessimus  etiam,  quantum  in  nobis  est,  quod 
Collegium  ibi  statutum  omnes  obventiones  supradictae  Ecclesiae, 
excepta  dicta  pensione  in  us  us  proprios  convertat.  Idem  quoque 
Collegium  omnia  onera  Episcopalia  ad  Ecclesiam  praedictam  perti- 
nentia  sustinebit.  Si  autem  in  loco  praedicto  aliquo  casu  fortuito, 
conversatio  monialium  esse  desierit,  concessimus  ut  ibidem  viri  reli- 
giosi,  absque  contradictione,  secundum  form  am  de  Monialibus  superius 
expressam  constituantur,  et  simili  modo  Decano  London,  et  Capitulo 
obligentur.  Ut  autem  hujus  concessionis  nostive,  nee  non  et  totius 
conventionis  tenor  in  perpetuum  memoria  firmiter  teneatur,  et  firmiter 
observetur,  ipsum  totum  sub  forma  Chirographi  scribi  fecimus ;  cujus 
pars  una  nostro,  pars  vero  altera  ipsius  W.  et  Monialium  sigillis,  ut 
omnis  imposterum  tollatur  malignandi  occasio,  ad  mutuam,  hinc-iude 
cautelam  roborata  est.  Hiis  testibus  Alardo  Decano,  et  aliis."* 

Page  6. — Benedictine  Rules. 

ST.  BENEDICT,  the  founder  of  the  order  of  the  Benedictine  Monks, 
was  born  at  Nursia,  in  Italy,  about  A.D.  480.  He  was  sent  to  Rome 
when  very  young,  and  received  there  the  first  part  of  his  education. 


*  Newcourt's  Repert.  Eccles.,  vol.  i.  pp.  363,  364.     Ed.  Lond.  1708.     See  also 
Dugdale's  Monast.  Anglican.,  vol.  iv.  p.  553.     London!,  1817-30. 


360  Appendix. 

At  fourteen  years  of  age  he  removed  to  Subiaco,  about  fifty  miles  dis- 
tant. Here  he  lived  a  most  ascetic  life,  having  shut  himself  up  in  a 
cavern,  where  nobody  knew  anything  of  him  except  St.  Homanus,  who 
used  to  descend  to  him  by  a  rope  and  supply  him  with  provisions. 
But  being  afterwards  discovered  by  the  monks  of  a  neighbouring 
monastery,  they  chose  him  for  their  abbot.  Their  manners,  however, 
not  agreeing  with  those  of  Benedict,  he  returned  to  his  solitude,  where 
many  persons  followed  him  and  put  themselves  under  his  direction,  so 
that  in  a  short  time  he  was  enabled  to  build  twelve  monasteries.  In 
.the  year  528  he  retired  to  Mount  Casino,  where  idolatry  was  still  pre- 
valent, a  temple  to  Apollo  having  been  erected  there.  He  instructed 
the  people  in  the  adjacent  country,  and  having  converted  them,  broke 
in  pieces  the  image  of  Apollo,  and  built  two  chapels  on  the  mountain ; 
here  he  also  founded  a  monastery,  and  instituted  the  order  which  in 
time  became  so'  famous  and  extended  itself  all  over  Europe.  In  this 
place  he  composed  his"B/egula  Monachorurn,"  so  highly  extolled  by 
Pope  Gregory.  The  period  of  his  death  is  uncertain.  He  was  looked 
upon  as  the  Elisha  of  his  time,  and  is  reported  to  have  wrought  a 
great  number  of  miracles. 

The  monks  of  this  order  were  obliged  to  perform  their  devotions, 
which  had  reference  solely  to  the  passion  and  death  of  Christ,  seven 
times  in  the  twenty-four  hours;  they  always  went  two  and  two  to- 
gether ;  every  day  in  Lent  they  fasted  until  six  in  the  evening,  and 
abated  of  their  usual  time  of  sleeping  and  eating ;  but  they  were  not 
allowed  to  practise  any  voluntary  austerity  without;  leave  of  their 
Superior ;  during  meals  they  were  obliged  to  attend  to  the  reading  of 
the  Scriptures.  For  small  faults  they  were  shut  out  from  meals  or 
excluded  from  the  chapel,  and  incorrigible  offenders  were  expelled. 
Every  monk  had  two  coats,*  a  table  book,  a  knife,  a  needle,  and  a 
handkerchief,  and  their  cells  were  furnished  with  a  mat,  blanket,  rug 
and  pillow. 

To  the  Benedictine  Monks  the  greater  number  of  the  English  owe 
their  conversion  from  idolatry.  In  the  year  596  Pope  Gregory  I., 
called  "  the  Great,"  sent  hither  Augustine  with  several  other  Bene- 
dictine Monks.  Augustine  became  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and 
founded  several  monasteries. 

Pope  John  XXII.,  who  died  in  1334,  found  after  an  exact  inquiry, 
that  since  the  first  rise  of  this  order  it  had  produced  24  popes,  near 
200  cardinals,  7000  archbishops,  15,000  bishops,  15,000  abbots,  above 
4000  saints,  and  upwards  of  37,000  monasteries.  There  have  also 
been  of  the  order  20  emperors  and  10  empresses,  47  kings  and  above 
50  queens,  20  sons  of  emperors  and  48  sons  of  kings,  above  100  prin- 
cesses, besides  dukes,  marquises,  earls,  &c.,  innumerable  ;  with  a  vast 
number  of  eminent  writers  and  other  learned  men. 

The  Benedictine  rule  insisted  upon  "  obedience  without  delay, 
silence,  no  scurrility,  idle  words,  or  such  as  excite  laughter,  humility, 


*  Loose  gowns  with  large  wide  sleeves. 


Appendix.  361 

patience  in  all  injuries,  manifestation  of  secret  faults  to  the  Abbot, 
contentment  with  the  meanest  things  and  employments,  not  to  speak 
when  unasked,  to  avoid  laughter,  head  and  eyes  inclined  downwards,  to 
rise  to  church  two  hours  after  midnight,  every  week  the  Psalter  to  be 
sung  through — light  in  the  dormitory ;  to  sleep  cloathed,  with  their 
girdles  on,  the  young  and  old  intermixed — to  serve  weekly  and  by 
turns  at  the  kitchen  and  table — refection  in  silence  and  reading 
Scripture  during  meals — two  different  dishes  at  dinner,  with  fruit.  One 
pound  of  bread  a  day  for  both  dinner  and  supper.  No  meat  but  to  the 
sick.  Three  quarters  of  a  pint  of  wine  per  day — particular  abstinence 
in  Lent  from  meat,  drink,  and  sleep  ;  and  especial  gravity."* 

There  is  reason  to  believe  that  no  nunneries  were  formed  after 
this  rule  until  the  year  620 ;  it  was  at  first  somewhat  mixed  with  other 
rules,  but  in  the  year  817  the  Emperor  Louis  le  Debonnaire  caused  the 
Council  of  Aix-la-Chapelle  to  be  assembled,  wherein  an  uniform  dis- 
cipline was  established.  "  St.  Benedict  did  not  decide  of  what  colour 
the  habit  should  be ;  but  it  appears  by  ancient  pictures  that  the  gar- 
ment the  first  Benedictines  wore  was  white  and  the  scapular  black." 
The  nuns  wore  "  a  black  robe,  with  a  scapular  of  the  same,  and  under 
the  black  robe  a  tunic  of  wool  that  had  not  been  dyed.  In  the  choir, 
or  upon  solemn  occasions,  they  wore  over  all  a  black  cowl,"  i.e.,  hood. 
The  scapular  was  a  garment  worn  during  the  time  of  labour. 

Page  11. — Kentwode's  Constitutions. 

The  following  document,  having  been  accidentally  omitted  at  its 
proper  place,  with  reference  to  the  text,  is  here  given  from  the 
Eev.  Thomas  Hugo's  "  Last  Ten  Years  of  the  Priory  of  St.  Helen's, 
Bishopsgate :" — 

"  A  fragment  of  the  seal  is  appendant,  of  dark  brown  wax. 

"  The  document  is  of  parchment,  measuring  20J  inc.  by  15  inc. 
and  is  endorsed  *  Seint  Pout,'  '  sub  altare  x°,'  '  Jniunccoes  See  Helene,' 
and,  in  a  much  later  hand,  *  Ordinances  for  regulation  of  the  Nunnes 
of  S*  Helens,  neere  Bishopsgate,  in  London.' 

"  Fastened  to  the  upper  left-hand  corner  is  a  small  piece  of  the  same 
material,  on  which  is  written,  in  a  hand  of  the  thirteenth  century,  a 
petition  of  the  Prioress  and  Convent  to  the  Dean,  Archdeacon,  and 
others,  in  defence  of  some  contested  property,  belonging  to  the 
Priory.  The  Prioress  '  D'  was,  I  believe,  the  first  of  those  dignitaries  ; 
and  the  dean  and  archdeacon  were  respectively  Alardus  de  Burnham, 
dean  of  S.  Paul's,  1204-1216 ;  and  Walter  Eitzwalter,  Archdeacon  of 
London.  The  left  edge  is  injured,  but  the  following  will  be  found  a 
not  inaccurate  copy  of  a  document,  which,  though  hitherto  un- 
published, is  of  special  interest  and  importance  to  an  historian  of  the 
earlier  years  of  the  House  : 


*  See  Fosbrooke's  British  Monachistn,  pp.  66,  67  ;  and  286-8.    Ed.  London,  1 843* 
and  Townsend's  Manual  of  Dates,  p.  136.     Ed.  Lond.  1874. 


362  Appendix. 

"'Viris  Ven^abl^.  °t  dnis.  A.  dec'.  W.  Archid'.  Lundon.  °t 
CePis  coarbtfs  D.  Humil.  P9  orissa.  7  Conuent9  Ecclie  See  Helene 
Salt  7  obedienc.  Ditci  nofc  in  dno  W.  fundutoris  nri  Iaborib3 
7  angustiis  quas  ,p  9t°uersia  coram  vofo  mota.  M.  fila  sym.  sup 

Pra.  W.  Wrhot dem  irrogauit  injuste.  debita  compassione 

deferentes  tarn  apl!5i.  qa  phibicoi.  <p  iure  1  pos  [sessio]  ne  nra  a. 
noB  in?poitis  renuciam9.  volentes.  ^  concedntes.  vt  juxa  forma 
9pmissi.  inP  ptes  pcedet  arbi£u.  Malum9.  qd  si  oportuit  carere 
fundo.  qa  amico.  spantes.  nicHomin9.  de  justicia  [vr]a  qj  indemp- 
nitati  Ecctie,nre  qantu  scdm  dm  po?itis.  eritis  <puisuri.  Yait.' 

«  T.  H." 
Page  27. 

Adhuc  de  comity  plitis  tenP  in  Hmtengo  London  die  lune  px°  antefm 
Sci  Dunstani  Archiepi  Anno  H.  R.  JS.  t?cij  post  conq:  XLIX. 

Deis  die  &  anno  venlunt  Gilbtus  Chaumponeys  Johes  Fourneux 
Panna;  &  Johes  Yssher  exec  Testi  Ade  ffraunceys  &  pbar9  fece- 
runt  test  in  pdceAde  quo  ad  artictos  laicu  feodu  tan  gen?  p  Johem 
Sybyle  &  Wiftm  Shirbone  tes?  iur9  ac  diligen?  &  cepatim  exaia? 
qui  diSunt  otd  JsenS  fuerl  vbi  dcus  Adam  suu  condidit  testm  in 
hnc  modu.  In  dei  noihie  Amen.  Ego  Adam  ffraunceys  Ciuis  & 
M-*cerus  London  compos  mentis  mee  &  sanis  in  corpore  ordino  & 
facio  psens  testm  meu  de  ?ris  ten  &  redditib}  meis  in  Ciuitate 
London  in  hunc  modu  vnm  p  001103  in  pmis  lego  &  comendo 
aiam  meam  Deo  omipotenti  creatori  &  saluatori  meo  be  qz  Marie 
Yirgini  Matri  sue  ac  omibz  Scis  &  Angelis  eius  corpus  qz  meu  ad 
sepeliendT  in  Capella  Sci  Spus  in  Ecclia  see  Elene  infra  Bisshope- 
gate  London.  Itm  lego  volo  &  ordino  qd  oinia  debita  mea  in 
quibz  teneor  quibuscumqz  psonis  de  bonis  &  catallis  meis  pmo  & 
pncipali?  psoluan?.  Et  cum  quidain  Capellanus  de  cuiusdam 
denocoe  ^  tempe  sustentap  totidie  celebret  &  aliquandm  celebrare 
consuevit  vnam  missam  de  Sea  Maria  p  notam  in  ecctia  conuen- 
tuali  See  Elene  Jdic?  ad  magnu  altar e  mane  videl?  ante  primam 
conuentualem  ad  quam  quidfh  missam  de  Sea  Maria  sit  celebran- 
dam  quedam  monialium  dom^  jJdce  totidie  in?fint  &  consue9int 
in?esse.  Ac  cu  quidam  alius  capellanus  consimili?  sustentat? 
totidie  in  dca  capella  Sci  Spus  infra  eandm  eccliam  vnam  aliam 
missam  sive  nota  simili?  consue^it  celebrare  qui  quidm  capellani 


Appendix.  363 

semp  hacten9  p  al?ius  voluntate  fuerunt  amobiles  nee  ad  eor)  sus- 
tentacoem  ppetuam  vnq'm  pri?  aliquid  ordinatu  fuat  aut  {Jvisum 
volens  divini  cultu  j)ut  cu'ilt  velle  competit  ad  honorem  Dei  & 
ealutem  fideliu  eo&  maxime  qui  migarunt  a  scio  ampliari.  In 
nomie  sancte  &  individue  Trinitatis  &  pcipue  Sci  Spus  ob  cuius 
honorem  dcam  capellam  fundavi  &  in  nomie  fee  Marie  Yirginis 
gloriose  ac  omi  scofc  vt  huiusmodi  misse  temporibz  fu?is  p  aia  mea 
&  aiabz  pr'is  mei  matris  mee,  Agnetis  vxis  mee,  Simonis,  Ade, 
Thome,  Petri,  Rogli,  Rici,  Johis,  Matin",  Sarre.  MargJte,  Juliane, 
ofni  quibz  mito  teneor  &  omi  fideliu  defunctox  in  forma  pdca 
imppin  celebrent9  qd  qz  capefti  missas  pdcas  &  alia  officia  subscripta 
p  aiabz  pdcis  celebraturi  &  facturi  ppetui  sint  &  dece?o  p  al?ius 
voluntate  sive  causa  ronabili  nequeant  amoveri  quare  lego  &  volo 
&  in  quanto  Ciuiu  j!dc6;p  alicui  p  consuetudles  laudabiles  eiusdm 
Civitatis  hacten^  appbatas  p  testfn  suu  dispoSe  licet  ex  mea 
sincera  &  vltima  voluntate  ac  denocoe  integra  lego  ordina  &  assigno 
qd  due  Cantarie  ppetue  in  forma  sequenti  fiant  in  Ecciia  supdca 
qua^  vnam  cantariam  be  Marie  in  ecciia  See  Elene  infra  Bys- 
shopesgate  London  Alteram  9o  cantariam  Sci  Spus  in  eadm  Ecciia 
volo  ppetuis  temporibz  nuncupari.  Q,ua&  quidm  cantariaa  pronat? 
executorib}  meis  du  vixint  tin  et  post  mortem  eo^din  executor 
Priorisse  &  Conventui  ^dce  ecciie  See  Elene  &  Successorib}  suis 
in  forma  sbscripta  lego  imppm  optinend  et  quas  quidm  Cantar 
fieri  &  fundari  Capellanos  q}  eisdfn  CantarJ  deservituros  oSari  & 
dotari  lego  simili?  in  forma  sbsequenti  l3go  videit  eolo  &  ordino  qd 
statim  postqrtm  obiero  duo  Capellani  idonei  p  executores  meos 
^dcos  vnus  vidett  ad  Cantar  be  Marie  supdcam  al?  9o  ad  Cantarl 
Sci  Spus  ^dcam  decano  ecciie  Sci  Pauli  London  qui  p  tempe  fuit  si 
decan*1  tune  huiusmodi  hea?  et  vacante  decanatu  eiusdm  ecciie  Sci 
Pauli  Capitio  jJsenten?.  Qui  quidm  Capefti  ab  eodm  decano  si  |?sens 
fuit  sui  autem  ab  eiusdin  decani  vicario  si  decan9  hea?  &  vacante 
decanatu  a  p9fato  capitlo  admittan?  &  in  eisdin  cantarj  instituan? 
in  forma  iuris  &  sic  quociens  dcas  cantarj  p  mortem  cessionem 
resignacoem  j?vacoem  amocoem  in  forma  sbscripta  vel  alio  modo 
legitimo  vacar9  contig'it  durante  vita  exec  meojp  aut  alicui^  eo^dm  p 
eos  &  p  eu  qui  alios  eoxdem  supvixit  post  mortem  aliox  psenteD?r 
duo  capelii  idonei  ad  easdin  cantarj  sepatim  vnus  simil?  capellan^ 
idoneus  Jsen?  ad  cantari  illam  que  ea^dm  sic  vaca9it  al?a  plena 
existente  &  fiat  huiusmodi  psentaco  infra  quadraginta  dies  post 


364  Appendix. 

quamlt  huiusmodi  vacacoem  post  mortem  9o  dcoj  exec  meoip  quo- 
ciens  dcas  catarl   sic  vacarJ   contig'it  fiat  psentaco  ad  easdin  &  ad 
u?mq3  ea&dfn  cu  vacavint  in  forma  pdca  infra  quadraginta  dies 
simili?  post  quamtt   huiusmodi    vacacoem   de  Capellanis  idoneis 
pdce  ecciie  Sci  Pauli  Decano  si  decan^  nea?  &  vacante  decanatu 
eiusdm  ecciie  Sci  Pauli   Capitlo  p  priorissam  &   conventu  pdce 
ecciie  See  Elene  qui  p  tempe  fuint  &  p  eofc  successores  imppm  &  in 
form  pdca  instituan?  &  institua?  ille  qui  psentatus  fuit  ad  unam 
eafcdm  al?a  cantarj  pdcax  plena  existente  p  decafiu  si  psens  fuit  sui 
autem  p  eiusdm  decani  vicarj  si  decan5  hea?  &  vacante  decanatu  p 
capitlfn  supdcm  aut  p  supiores  suos  ordinal  gradatim  &  p  succes- 
sores suos  imppm  si  dci  Decan^  Yicari?  aut  capitlfn  sic  psentatu 
admit?e  noluint  si  9o  dci  execu?  durante  tinio   suo  aut  postmodu 
j}dci  Priorissa  &  convent^  aut  successores  sui  negligentes  fuint  aut 
remissi  ita  qd  infra  quadraginta  dies  aliquam  vacaconum  jJdcajp 
in  forma  pdca  px5  sequentes  adCantarias  pdcas  &  ad  utmq3  ea&dm 
que  sic  vacav5it  non  psentavint  in  forma  p9dca  decanus  supdcus 
si  psens  fu9it  sui  autem  eiusdm  decani  vicar,    si  decan?  hea?  sui 
autem  Capitlfn  supdcm  &  successores  sui  ea  vite  conferant  can- 
tariam  illam  que  eajpdm  sic  vaca9it  &  ad  quam  p^sentacio  in  forma 
p9dca  fca  non  fuit  cmcnq}  voluint  idoneo  capellano  salvo  semp 
alias  p^fatis  executor5  tota  vita  eo^dm  &  postmodu  p  fatis  Priorisse 
&  Conventui  &  successorib}  suis  iure  suo  p9sentandi  ad  cantarT 
p9dcas  &  ad  eajpdm  utmq3  in  quatt  alia  vacacbe  cu  infra  tempus 
dcox  quadraginta  diei  post  huiusmodi  vacacoem  idoneu  capellm 
voluint  psentarJ.     Volo  insup  lego  &  ordino  qd  dcus  capellus  ad 
cantarJ   T5e  Marie   sic   admissus  &  successores  sui  imppm  unam 
missam  de  Sea  Maria  p  notam  ad  magnu  altar]  in  ecctia  p9dca  vel 
ad  aliud  altar;  ubi  post   dcm  magnu  altarJ   in  eadm  ecciia  com- 
petenci^  fieri  po?it  totidie  celebret  dieb}  cene  Pascenes  &  Safefei 
Sancti    dumtaxat    exceptis    &    post   dcam    missam    anteqam  de 
Stola  fuit  exutus    comemoracoem    omi    fideliu  defuncto-p    videlt 
Requiem   e?nam   &    ce?a    eidfn    comemoracoi   incumbentia   sine 
nota.     Et  post   evangeliu    quod    incipit  Inp5ncipio   &c.    psalmu 
dcm  De   pfundis  cu  oracoe   dnica  pcib}    &    alijs   oroib}    conse- 
quen?  sequentib}  que  coi?  dici  solent  p  defunctis  &  in  fine  anima 
Ade  ffraunceys  &  aie  omi  fideliu  defunctorj  requiescant  in   pace 
mane    hora   vidett   consueta   scilt  ante   horam    pmam    monialiu 
dicat  siliter  omi  die   cuius  quidm  misse  celebracoi  &  ad  dcarn 


Appendix.  365 

memoriam  p  defunctis  una  cu  toto  residue  ut  pdici?  &  quousqj 
dcus  capellanus  de  alba  sua  fuit  exutus  sex  moniales  de  monialib} 
ecclie  See  Elene  pdce  p  priorissam  que  p  tempe  fuit  &  p  suc- 
cessores  suos  imppfn  in  forma  sbscripta  limitandas  volo  lego  & 
dispono  totidie  psonali?  in?esse  quafc  quidm  monialin  limitacoem 
p  tmi  sic  fieri  dispono  videlt  qd  pxTo  die  safofoi  postqam  dcus 
capellan^  ad  cantarj  be  Marie  sup"dcam  pmo  fuit  institut9 
limitenf  p  Priorissam  eccHe  supdce  que  p  tempe  fuit  in  capitlo 
suo  sex  moniales  domus  supdce  ad  deserviend  J  cantar9  &  capefto 
pdcis  in  forma  sequenti  continue  p  septem  dies  sequentes  et  tune  in 
alio  pxio  die  Satfei  tune  px  sequenti  sex  alie  moniales  ecciie 
supdce  similiu  limitenf  loco  pox  ad  eisdm  cantar9  &  capetto  simili? 
deserviend  p  septem  alios  dies  continue  tune  sequentes.  Et  sic  de 
Septimaua  in  Septimanam  quoit  die  SatJbi  imppin  limitenf  sex 
moniales  de  monialib)  supdce  ecciie  que  ultima  septimana  ante 
huiusmodi  limitacoem  cantar9  &  capelio  pdcis  no  deserviebant  ad 
eisdm  p  septe  dies  tune  sequentes  in  forma  pdca  deserviend  si 
numus  monialm  in  domo  pdca  p  tempe  existen?  ad  tantas  se 
extendat  &  utru  in  dca  domo  tantus  numus  moniaiiu  videit  qd  sex 
moniales  una  septimana  &  sex  alie  sequenti  septia  cantarie  illi 
deservire  po?unt  heatr  an  non  volo  lego  &  dispono  qd  cantar9  & 
capellan'1  pdci  p  discrecoem  Priorisse  que  p  tempe  fuit  tali?  a 
monialiab}  ?viantr  et  qd:  limitacio  &  divisio  moniaiiu  illa^  ita  fiat 
q.d  in  labore  eaxdm  quo  ad  cantarie  &  capetto  pdcis  sic  p  ?mi  ^viend 
hito  respectu  ad  numu  moniaiiu  in  domo  pdca  p  tempe  existen! 
omes  moniales  eiusdm  dom5  in  quantu  competen?  fieri  po?it  sint 
equales.  Et  qd  moniales  ille  omia  que  competunt  monialib}  dom*1 
^dce  facienda  in  huiusmodi  missis  celebrand  &  que  in  alijs  missis 
p  notam  ibidin  solent  fieri  p  alias  moniales  in  pdce  misse  de  Sea 
Maria  celebracoe  totidie  honeste  faciant  &  denote  &  post  misse 
pdce  celebracoem  expectent  in  choro  dicendo  quicquid  eis  ptinet 
ad  pdcam  comemoracoem  p  defunctis  &  ad  totu  residuu  supius 
ordinatu  &  quousq}  sacerdos  post  dcfh  Evangeliu  quod  incipit 
Inpncipio  &c  et  post  dcm  psalmu  dcm  De  pfundis  pdixit  anima 
Ade  ffraunceys  &  aie  omi  fideliu  defunctori  requiescant  in  pace  et 
moniales  ille  responderint  Amen  aliquali?  no  recedant  al?  9o 
capellan^  ad  pdcam  cantar9  Sci  Spus  sic  admissus  &  successores  sui 
imppm  unam  missam  in  pdca  capella  Sci  Spus  una  cu  comemora- 
coe  fideliu  pdic^a  post  dcam  missam  nisi  de  dca  commemoracoe 


366  Appendix. 

celebra9it  et  post  dcum  Evangeliu  incipiens  In  principio  etc  totu 
psalmu  dcfn  De  profundis  et  oia  sbsequencia  supdca  put  alter! 
capefto  supius  est  iniunctu  celebret  oini  die  pro  aiab}  supdcis 
eisdm  dieb}  cene  Pascenes  et  Safebi  Sci  simili?  exceptis.  Et  qd 
u?q3  Oapellanoj  pdco^  et  successo^  suo^  imppin  psonali?  in?sit 
auxiliu  suu  et  quod  sibi  imcumbit  adhibendo  decantacoi  totidie 
vespero^  decantacois  vesptine  de  salve  regina  cu  nota  matutina^ 
missajp  et  aliaip.  singula^  bora^  canonical^  et  omi  alio^  divino^ 
officiox  quae  p  pochianis  in  ecctia  pdca  et  scdum  usus  eiusdm  in 
eadm  con  tig  it  celebrari  quodq}  simili?  u?q3  dcox  Capellanox  et 
successo^  suo^  irappm  totidie  dicat  officiu  mortuo^  in  ecctia  Sa^ 
usitatu  videit  Placebo  et  Dirige  ccmendacoem  et  omia  alia  que 
eidem  officio  incumbunt  septem  spalmos  (psalmos)  penitentiales  cu 
letania  et  quindecim  psalmos  g"duu  silic  p  aiab)  supdcis  dicti  vo 
capefti  et  eo^  u?q3  et  successores  sui  imppm  singtis  annis  p  pdcum 
Decanu  et  si  ipe  absens  fuit  tune  p  eius  vicar9  et  vacante  Decanatu 
p  fJsidentem  capiHi  supda  infra  tres  dies  jpxos  post  fm  Sci  Michis 
visitent9  et  si  in  aliquo  dco^  capefto^  aut  successoj^  suo^  imppin 
septe  defectus  notorii  p  ijpfn  anno  tune  p?ito  ppetrari  invenianf  ita 
vidett  qd  ijpo  omiserit  vel  facere  necglen?  voluntarie  id  quod  eidem 
in  forma  pdca  fuit  p  istam  ordinacoem  iniunctu  et  sic  p  buiusmodi 
omissionem  vel  necgligenciam  septem  defectus  in  anno  pcedenti 
comiserit  nisi  inde  rofiabilem  huit  excusacoem  et  sic  defect^  p 
Priorissam  Suppriorissam  Sacristam  celerar  et  capellanu  pocnialem 
ecctie  See  Elene  supdce  successores  suos  vel  p  tres  dca^  quinq3 
psona^  legitime  pbenf  et  q°mvis  in  forma  pdca  no  visitent  tu  dco^ 
capeftox  aut  successo^  suo^  buiusmodi  septem  defect^  quos  infra 
spacfh  uni^  anni  voluntarie  comiserit  et  defect^  illi  extrt  buiusmodi 
visitacoem  p  pdcos  Priorissam  Suppriorissam  Sacristam  celerar  et 
capeltm  pocbialem  qui  p  tempore  fuit  vl  p  tres  dca^  quinq3  psonaj^ 
dco  Decano  vel  ei11  Yicar  vi  vacante  Decanatu  psidenti  Capitli 
supdci  notificenf  et  p  iuramentu  triu  ea^dm  psona^  bona  videit 
fide  et  3elo  justicie  et  non  odii  vel  rancoris  causa  pbenf  nisi  dcus 
capettus  qui  huiusmodi  defectus  comiserit  ronabilem  ut  pdicif  inde 
heat  excusacoem  aut  si  quern  dco^  capeftojp  aut  successso^  suo^ 
imppfh  enormi?  delinquere  aut  se  male  gerere  contingat  unde 
aliqua  suspicio  criminis  in  eodm  po?it  legitime  suspicari  que 
conjectis  vesitify  consta(^po?it  et  p  pdcos  Priorissam  Suppriorissam, 
Sacristam  Celebrar5  ac  Pocbialem  SaSdotem  aut  successores  suos  aut 


Appendix.  367 

p  tres  ea^dm  quinq}  psonaip  canonice  ter  monitu  ipin  non  corrig'e 
vel  a  tali  suspicoe   sive  excessu  ipfh  non  sbfhere  tune  ille  qnq3 
psone  vel  saltern  tres  eaxdin  dco    Decano  vel  eius  vicar  vl  psidenti 
supdco  decanatu  vacante  dci   capefti  qui   sic   deliquerit   crimina 
excessus  et  suspicoem  simili?  notificent  ac  eiusdin  malos  gest*1  sibi 
exponant.     Cum  quidem  Decano  ei^  vicar   sive  psidenti  si  constar 
po?it  aliquem  dco^  capeito^   aut  successo^  suo^  g°vi?  deliquisse  vel 
male  se  huisse  unde  scandalu  eidm  domm  See  Elene  ullo  modo  orisi 
po?it  ex  juraraento  ea^dm  quinq3  psona^  vel  triu  eardin  dumtaxat 
accepto  qd  no  odio  vel  rancore  set  una  fide  et  3elo  justicie  et 
honestatis  contra  aliquem  dco&  capellofc  pponant  tune  statim  absq} 
strepitu  et  figura  judicii  idm  capettus  tot  huiusmodi  defect*'  sic 
cofhittens  delinquens  vel  suspectus  hita  huiusmodi  inde  ^bacoe  p 
dcm  Decanu  vicar9    vel    presidentem    amoveaf  et  alius  capellus 
idoneus  loco  sui  ad  jpsentacoem  execute^  meo^  qamdm  vixint  in 
forma  pdca  et  postmodu  ad  psentacoem  dco^  Priorisse  et  Conventus 
infra   quadraginta   dies  post   huiusmodi  defectum  deliccoip  gest^ 
aut  suspicois  criminis    notificacoem  exposicoem  et  informa  pdca 
pbacoem  fcasp  dcm  Decanu  Yicar  vel  p  capitim  ad  Cantar  ift  unde 
dcus  Capellus  qui  huiusmodi  defectus  vel  delicta  sit  comiserit  extitit 
amota  admittaf  et  instituaf".     Et  nisi  dci  exe2  mei  du  vixint  et 
post  mortem  eordm  nisi  dci  Priorissa  &  convent^   &  successores 
sui    infra    fJdcos   quadraginta  dies   ad    cantar9    illam    capellanu 
idioneu  ^sentent  tune  p  pdcfn  Decanu  si  psens  fuit  &  si  absens 
p  ei5  vicar9  aut  p  pdcfn  capitim  vacante  decanatu  cantar  ilia  unde 
dcus  capeftus  sic  amo?  fuit  ilia  vice  ppt  negligenciam  dcoj&  exec 
in  vita  sua  &  postmodu  dco&  Priorisse  &  convent4'  al?i  capefto 
idoneo  conferaf  salvo  semp  iure  dco&  exec  in  vita  sua  tm  &  postea 
dcm  Priorisse  &  convent^  &  successor  suo&  in  oini  alia  huiusmodi 
vacacoe  p9sentandi   ad   vtmq3    dca^    cantar     cu  necgligentes   in 
forma  j3dca  no  fuint  nee  remissi.      Et  si  dcus  Decanus  vel  ei? 
vicar ?  si  decan^  fuit  aut  dcus  p  sidens  vacante  decanatu  caperlm  ittu 
qui  huiusmodi  defect?  delicta  vel  causam  suspicois  sic  ut  Jdcm  est 
pbata  comiserit  statim  no  amov  it  set  huiusmodi  amocoem  distu- 
lerit  p  sex  dies  iuridicos  postqam  de  huiusmodi  defectub3  delictis 
aut  causa   suspicacois  modo  &  forma  p^dcis  fuit  informal  tune 
liceat  dictis  exec  meis  du  vixint  &  postmodu  dcis  Priorisse  &  con- 
ventui  &  successorib3  suis  auctoritate  ppia  capeltm  iltu  qui  huius- 
modi defect5  delicta  vel  causam  suspicois  comiserit  expeller9  & 


368  Appendix. 

amovere  a  cantar9  quam  obtimiit  &  aliu  capeftm  idoneu  infra 
quadraginta  dies  |!x  post  huiusmodi  amocoem  &  expulsionem  loco 
sui  psentar5  dco  Decano  &  vacante  Decanatu  dco  capitlo  qui  quidm 
capeftus  f!sentat?  in  forma  pdca  admittat  et  in  Cantar9  qua 
Capeftus  qui  sic  amotus  fuit  pri^  occupavit  tanqam  vacantem 
instituaf  ac  si  p  mortem  Tel  resignacoem  illam  pri^  occupantis 
de  facto  vacaret.  Et  si  contingat  aliquem  etcoj.  Capefto^  p  huius- 
modi defectub3  delictis  vel  suspicio  p  dcm  Decanu  Vicar5  vel 
vacante  decanatu  P9sidente  vel  p  dcos  exec?  Priorissam  et  Con- 
ventu  post  illos  sex  dies  iuridicos  in  forma  j)dca  fore  amo?.  Et 
capeftus  ille  ab  huiusmodi  amocoe  sua  vel  p  cessu  inde  ftendo 
appellar  &  suam  p  sequi  appellacoem  tune  lego  volo  &  ordino  qd 
Capeftus  ille  sic  appellans  tarn  a  Cantar9  sua  pdca  pri?  obtenta 
qam  ab  oini  comodo  quod  p  Cantar9  ilia  aliquali?  esset  pcepturus 
eo  no  obstante  qd  ppetuus  fuit  seu  in  Cantar9  sua  p  ordinar9 
institut^  amoveaf  &  penit?  excludaf  &  alius  Capeftus  idoneus 
modo  &  forma  supdcis  loci  ipius  subrogati  ad  Cantar9  qua  sic 
amot^  occupa9it  p^sente?1"  admittaf  &  instituaf  onla  condicoes  & 
pficua  in  psenti  testo  constituta  subiturus  facturus  &  pcepturus 
in  forma  f!dca.  Et  sic  fiat  de  utroq}  capello^  pdco^  &  successo^ 
suo^  imppm  quociens  in  forma  |!dca  huiusmodi  defect?  crimen 
excessus  vel  causam  suspicois  ipm  incurrer9  contig'it  aut  subire, 
Cui  quidm  cantar  illi  videit  que  Cantar  be  Marie  ut  pdici? 
nuncupat"  &  capefto  eidm  deservituro  lego  octo  libra?  annui 
&  quieti  reddT  eidm  cantar  be  Marie  dco  q}  capeftno  dee  cantar9 
be  Marie  deservifo  &  successorib}  suis  imppm  obtinend9  & 
pcipiend  de  omib}  illis  ?r$  redditib^  &  ten  meis  cu  gardinis 
adiacen?  &  suis  ptin  que  quondam  fuerfit  dni  Johes  de  Yeer 
Comitis  Oxon  &  Dne  Matift  Uxis  sue  in  pochijs  Sci  Martini 
Oteswych,  See  Elene,  See  Alburge,  &  Sci  Petri  de  Brade  Strete 
in  "Ward  de  Bisshopegate  &  Bradestrete  in  Civitate  London 
singlis  annis  ad  quatuor  ?mios  ^ncipales  &  in  civitate  London 
usuales  p  equales  porcoes  &  qd  bene  liceat  dco  capefto  dee  cantar9 
be  Marie  deservito9  &  successorib}  suis  imppm  p  se  &  quoscnq} 
ministros  suos  distrigere  in  omib}  ten  pdcis  cu  ptin  &  in  quait 
pte  eo^din  &  districcoes  cap?  asportar9  abduce  &  retiSe  quociens 
jJdcm  annu  reddi?  in  pte  vl  in  toto  ad  aliquem  ?raio;p  ^dco& 
aliquo  modo  imppm  aretro  fore  contingat  quousq}  de  eodm  reddi? 
cu  omib)  inde  arrerag*  &  de  dampn  &  expn  occone  huiusmodi 


Appendix.  369 

detencois  hitis  dco  capeftno  de  tenipe  suo  &  successorib}  suis  de 
tempe  suo  imppm  plenarie  satisfiat.  Alteri  vo  cantar9  illi  sciit 
que  Cantar  Sci  Spus  sit  vt  pdici?  nuncupa?  &  capello  eidm 
Cantar  deservito  lego  quendam  aliu  annu  reddi?  Sep?  librae  dee 
Cantar9  Sci  Spus  &  eidm  Capefto  eidm  Cantar9  Sci  Spus  deser- 
vituro  &  successorib}  suis  imppm  obtinend9  &  pcipiend  singlis 
annis  de  orhib}  &  singlis  ten  sup"dcis  cu  omib}  &  singlis  suis  ptin 
equis  porcoib}  ad  ?mios  supadcos.  Ita  qd  bene  liceat  eidm  capeftno 
dee  cantar9  Sci  Spus  deservito9  &  successorib}  suis  imppm  in 
omib}  &  singlis  ten  supdce  cu  ornib}  &  singlis  suis  ptm  silic? 
distring'e  &  districcoes  cartas  asportar9  abduce  &  reti8e  quociena 
dcin  aliu  annu  redd9  in  pte  vl  toto  in  forma  pdca  ad  aliquem 
?mio^  ^dco^  aliquo  anno  imppm  aretro  fore  contingat  quosq} 
de  toto  alio  redd9  supdco  cu  omib}  inde  arrerag1  una  cu  dampn 
et  expfi  occone  detencois  huiusmodi  hitis  dco  capefto  dee  cantar9 
Sci  Spus  deservito5  p  tempe  suo  &  successionib}  suis  p  tempe  suo 
imppm  plenar9  satisfiat  Quociens  insup  del  Annui  redd9  aut  vn^ 
eo&dm  in  pte  vl  in  toto  p  unu  mensem  px  sequ  aliquem  ?mi6& 
pdcox  aliquo  anno  imppm  &  postq^m  post  ?mi  illu  p  capettm  itta 
cui  sic  debef  exact*^  fuit  apud  ten  pdca  detineant  j  &  no  solvant" 
bene  liceat  illi  capefto  cui^  reddi?  sic  sbt"hitr  aut  detinert  & 
utriq3  capeftox  pdcoa  si  anibo^  reddit9  sbtrahanf  sepatim 
distnge  in  omib}  &  singtis  ten  pdcis  cu  omib}  «&  singlis  suis  ptifi 
post  mensem  illu  &  districcoes  sic  cap?  abduce  asportar9  &  retiner9 
quousq}  de  dupl9  ifti?  quod  sic  aretro  fuit  de  reddit  supdcis  vi  de 
uno  eojpdin  si  un?  tantu  detinea?  capeftis  pdcis  sepatim  vel  uni  eo^ 
ifti  vidett  cui^  reddit^  sic  detine?  p  tempe  suo  &  successorib3  suis 
p  tepe  plenar9  satisfiat  &  imppin.  Item  lego  omia  &  singta  ten 
jJdca  cu  omib}  &  singtis  ptifi  suis  pdcis  in  forma  pdca  de  pdic? 
reddi?  onlata  Priorisse  ecciie  See  Elene  pdce  &  eiusdm  loci 
conventui  simil  cu  redditu  hospic  quod  Margareta  Marsshal  tenet 
ad  ?mi  anno^  quod  quidin  hospic  pcella  est  eo^ct  ten  statim 
postqrtm  duo  capefti  in  pdcas  cantar9  instituanf  &  ipi  capefti  sint 
in  seisina  reddi?  pdco^  ad  cantar9  suas  pdcas  sic  spectan?  p 
solucoem  duo&  denar9  vf  ampli1'  obtinend:  vidett  dels  priorisse  & 
conventui  &  successorib}  suis  &  tenend  de  capital  dnis  feodi 
p  svicia  que  ad  pdca  ten  ptinent  imppm  excepta  advocacoe  ecciie 
Sci  Martini  Oteswych  pdic?  quam  heredis  meis  imppm  volo 
spali?  reservari  Reddendo.inde  annuatim  capeftis  pdcis  &  succes- 

B  B 


370  Appendix. 

sorib)  suis  imppm  reddit9  jJdcos  in  forma  j?dca  ad  ?mios  supdcos 
et  solvendo  quait  septia  emit  illa^  sex  monialiu  que  p  ministracoe 
celebracois  misse  be  Marie  supdce  limitate  luint  &  psentes  iftm 
in  forma  pdca  ulHo  die  Sabbi  cu  'Sviciu  Cantar9  illius  p  septimana 
ficedentem  complev'mt  modo  supdco  quatuo}  denarJ  &  sic  quoit 
die  sabbi  de  sep?ia  in  septiam  cuiit  vidit  sex  monialiu  que  sic 
*svicio  Cantar  be  Marl  sujJdce  fuint  deputate  si  in?fuint  &  officm 
illud  complevint  in  forma  supdca  quatuo}  denar  solvent1"  per  septi- 
mana ilia  trie  finita  p  Priorissam  dom^  supdce  que  p  tempe  fuit 
&  p  eiusdm  loci  conventu  &  successores  suos  imppm  de  ten  supdcis. 
Et  inveniendo  vestimenta  appat01  p  altari  calices  missalia  panem 
vinu  &luminarJ  p  cantar9  Jdcis  &  p  capellanis  eisdm  deservituris 
p  successorib}  suis  imppm  Inveniendo  eciam  &  sustinendo 
quandam  lanipadem  die  &  nocte  imppm  continue  ardentem  coram 
altari  in  cap^rla  Sci  Spus  supdca.  Lego  p?ea  &  dispono  qd  ijdm 
Priorissa  &  convent^  &  successores  suis  singlis  annis  imppm  in 
Yigilia  diei  videit  annivsar9  mei  faciant  pulsacoem  campanaa 
modo  p  mortuis  consueto  ac  plenu  sviciu  de  Placebo  &  Dirige  cu 
nota  dicant  in  choro  videit  ea^dm  &  ex?ius  in  ecciia  pochiati  See 
Elene  supdce  cu  nota  simili?  dici  faciant  p  alios  seculares  &  in 
crastino  dicto  videlE  anni9sar9  die  quot  missas  ronabili?  poPunt  & 
unam  pcipue  missam  ad  minus  cu  nota  ad  magfiu  altar9  ibidem  de 
officio  mortuo^  p  aiab}  pdcis  imppm  faciant  cu  denocoe  solempni? 
celebrari.  Yolo  insup  lego  &  dispono  qd  singiis  annis  eodm  die 
annivsar9  mei  dci  Priorissa  &  convent^  &  successores  sui  imppm 
tresdecim  paupos  egenos  in  cibar9  &  potub}  oportunis  ad  unu 
repastu  sumcien?  in  jpdca  domo  See  Elene  p  eisdin  simili?  aiab} 
cibar9  faciant  competenS.  Preterea  lego  volo  &  dispono  qd  quociens 
pdcos  anu^  reddit^  Cantarijs  pdcis  &  capeilis  eisdm  deservi- 
turis in  forma  ^dca  sepatim  dispositos  &  legates  ad  aliquem 
?mioj&  pdco&  in  pte  vel  toto  aretro  fore  aut  pdcos  quatuor  denar9 
quoit  die  sabbi  singlis  septimanis  imppin  cuiit  sex  monialiu  que 
Cantar9  fee  Marie  supdce  p  septiam  diem  illu  px  jJceden?  deser- 
vierint  sic  solvend  alicui  ea^dm  sex  monialiu  detineri  aut  vesti- 
menta appat*1  altar9  calices  missalia  panem  vinu  aut  luminar9  p 
Cantar9  &  Capeftis  pdcis  aut  lapadem  in  forma  pdca  no  inveniri 
vel  pulsacoem  aut  sviciu  pdca  in  vigilia  die  annivsar9  mei  singlis 
annis  non  fieri  aut  missas  in  crastino  modo  pdco  no  celebrari 
vel  tot  paupes  quot  fWtten?  singlis  annis  modo  silic  supdco  no 


Appendix.  371 

cibari  aliquo  tempe  imppm  contingat  tune  bene  liceat  tam  capeftis 
supdcis  &  vtriq}  eo^dm  &  successojp  suo^  q"m  eciam  heredib}  meis 
imppm  distring'e  in  omib}  ten  supdcis  cu  omifc}  suis  ptm  &  in 
qualt  pte  eo^dm  &  districcoes  cap?  asportar9  abduce  &  retinSe 
quousq}  tam  videit  vtriq}  capetio^  jJdco^  qui  p  tempe  fuint  de  eo 
quod  de  reddi?  illo  sibi  competit  in  hac  pte  aretro  fuit  &  cuiit  sex 
monialiu  pdcax  de  eo  quod  de  pdcis  quatuor  denar9  p  quaifc. 
septimana  p  quam  Cantar9  be  Marie  supdce  &  Capetto  eiusdm 
deservierit  in  forma  |)dca  simili?  sibi  fuit  detentu  plenar9  fuit 
satisficm  q^m  eciam  quousq}  vestimenta  appat^  callices  missalia 
panis  vinu  luminar9  &  lapas  sup"dca  competen?  invenian?  &  eciam 
quousq}  p  quoit  defectuu  pulsacois  &  sviciu  mortuo^  in  vigilia  diei 
annivsar9  mei  &  missa&  in  crastino  quadraginta  solid  &  p  quoit 
defectu  cibacois  paupu  eodfn  die  viginti  solidi  p  aiab}  supdcis  p 
eosdin  Priorissa  &  conventu  aut  successores  suos  imppin  alijs 
paupib}  erogenf.  Et  ne  p  necgligenciam  monialiu  aut  successoip 
suoip  ^sens  mea  vltima  voluntas  in  aliquo  sup^  contento^  infringaf 
aut  aliqua  de  ^dic?  ordina?  imppm  casuali?  omittaf  volo  lego 
&  dispono  qd  tam  Priorissa  q"m  queit  monialiu  in  $dca  domo 
Sancte  Elene  existens  sup  Sea  Evangiia  corpale  faciant  iuramentu 
qd  ipe  et  queit  ea^dm  omes  ordinacoes  supdcas  &  singulas  ea^dm 
penes  se  facient  &  ^vabunt  &  quo  ad  alios  quantu  in  ipis  est  facient 
simili?  fideli?  observari  &  qd  ipe  oines  &  singias  moniales  que 
dece?o  de  domo  supdca  nabitu  religionis  assum9e  &  in  eadin 
continent  pficeri  tanqam  p  quodam  article  plessionis  sue  sup 
eadin  pfessione  sua  facient  conferre  consiie  iuramentu.  Ita  qd 
oines  &  singie  moniales  in  dca  domo  iam  existentes  ac  omes  ille 
que  in  futoro  irnppin  moniales  ibm  fore  contig'int  ad  faciend:  tenend 
&  observand  omes  &  singias  ordinacoes  supdcas  quantu  in  ipis  fuit 
&  qd  facient  imppin  omes  &  singulas  successores  suos  in  &  sup 
pfessione  sua  sup  Sea  Evangiia  palam  coram  videit  Priorissa  & 
toto  conventu  ecciie  supdce  consimile  face  iuramentu  p  huiusmodi 
iuramentu  fideli?  astringant.  Itm  lego  $dcis  Priorisse  &  con- 
ventu dom01  See  Elene  pdce  totam  snopam  meam  cu  omrb} 
suis  ptiS  que  quondam  fuit  Wal?i  le  Bret  Civis  &  Zonarij  London 
&  Cristine  vxis  eius  situa?  in  venella  vocata  Sopereslane  in  Lon- 
don videit  in?  ten  Thorn  de  Grantham  ex  ptib}  boriali  &  oriental! 
&  quandarn  Shopam  ptinen?  ecciie  Sci  Pancrac  London  expte 
australi  ad  dcam  venella  voca?  Sopeslane  ex  pte  occiden?  tenend 

B  B  2 


372  Appendix. 

eisdm  Priorisse  &  conventui  &  eo^  successorifc}  impprn  De 
capital"  dnis  feodi  illi'1  p  avicia  inde  debita  &  consueta  solvendo 
inde  annuatim  Ka?ine  Wolf  Moniali  dom^  See  Elene  pdce  ad 
Pmi  vite  sue  quadraginta  solid  sSling1  ad  quatuor  anui  ?mios 
pncipales  &  in  Civitate  London  usuales  p  equales  porcoes.  Itm 
lego  eisdm  Priorisse  &  conventui  pdce  dom^  See  Elene  omia  ilia 
rras  &  ten  cu  omifc)  &  singiis  suis  ptm  que  Jones  de  Cantebrigg 
Civis  London  &  ego  nup  coniunctim  huim^  ex  dono  &  feoffainento 
Thome  de  Ecton  Rectoris  eccfie  Sci  Nichi  de  GenJlaco  in  Com 
Ebo^  executoris  testi  dm  Johis  de  Ecton  ciici  &  que  quondam  fueOr? 
eiusdm  dni  Johis  in  Moggewelstrete  infra  Crepulgate  London 
hend:  &  tend:  omia  pdic?  ?ras  &  ten  cu  oiriife)  suis  ptinJ  jJfatis 
Priorisse  &  conventui  &  eo^  successorife}  de  capital  Dnis  feodi 
illi^  p  svicia  inde  debita  &  de  iu(J?  consueta  irnppm.  Et  quoniam 
piu  &  deo  placabile  fore  constat  aliquod  quod  ad  honorem  siiu  & 
sattm  fideliu  competit  stabiliri  mai^  tamen  piu  reputo  &  salubre 
huiusmodi  stabilita  si  pfecta  no  fuint  pficj  e  et  in  augmentu  divini 
cult^  &  auxiliu  univWe  ut  ppetuo  sustententur  talia  ampliaOr?  volo 
igitr  lego  &  dispono  in  honorem  Dni  nri  Jhu  Xpi  omiq}  scojt 
suo&  ac  in  salutem  aia&  omi  fideliu  defunctor^  spali?q3  p  aia  Petri 
ffanelor  &  in  sua^  pena^  alleviacoeni  quand"m  Cantar9  de  duob} 
capettis  una  cu  quodam  lampade  die  ac  nocte  continue  imppm 
ardento  in  quada  capella  infra  ecciiam  eo^dm  Sco^  Omi  de  Edel- 
meton  quam  idui  Petrus  de  novo  nup  edificavat  duratam  ppetuali? 
ordinari.  Et  eandm  Cantariam  Cantariam  Petri  ffanelo,.  ppetuis 
temporib}  nuncupari.  Et  eiusdm  cantarie  Patronatu  fJsentacoem 
&  donacoem  quantu  ad  patronu  ptinent  vicar9  eiusdm  eccfie  de 
Edelmeton  &  suis  successorib}  qui  p  tempe  fuint  lego  imppm 
possidend  Lego  eciam  &  ordino  qd  vicari^  eiusdm  ecciie  de  Edel- 
meton qui  p  tempe  fuit  duos  Capeftos  idoneos  ad  canta(#  illam  p 
nomen  Canta(p  Petri  ffanelor  in  ecciia  de  Edelmeton  celebrande 
p  9ba  que  in  consimilib}  ^sentacoib}  contineri  solent  Epo  Londonl 
qui  p  tempe  fuit  fJsentet  qui  ad  cantaC^  illam  p  eundm  Epm 
admittanf  &  in  eadm  canonice  put  in  alijs  Cantarijs  institui 
moris  est  instituamY  capetti  de  eadm  CantaOp  ppetuali?  pmansuri. 
Et  ijdm  capefti  extunc  p  aiab}  pdcis  totide  celebrent  in  capella 
jJclca  &  omia  &  singiis  officia  ecciiastica  ac  oSa  faciant  &  importent 
que  p  capellanos  huiusmodi  scdm  sacras  canones  &  singlas  alias 
constitucoes  in  ecciia  Sa^  usitatas  fieri  competnt  in  hac  pte.  Et 


Appendix.  373 

cedentib3  vi  decedentib}  capeftis  illis  seu  eo^  al?o  duo  alij  idonei 
seu  unus  scdm  casus  exigenciam  p  vica(#  dee  Ecciie  de  Edelmeton 
p  tempe  existente  pfato  Ejpo  tune  simili?  existent!  q^mciti^  fieri 
po?it  competen?  psentenf  aut  psentef  p  eundm  Epm  admit- 
tendi  &  instituendi  sive  admittendus  &  instituendus  in  forma  iuris. 
Et  ipi  eidfn  Canta^r?  deserviant  &  in  forma  pdca  faciant  &  cele- 
brent  ppetuali?  in  capefta  pdca.  Et  sic  imppm  fiat  quociens 
Capeftos  pdcos  seu  altum  eo&  cedere  decedere  resignare  vi 
privari  contingat.  Ita  qd  Canta(3?  ilia  rmqarn  cesset  sec  qd  in 
eadfn  capella  fideli?  a  duob}  capeftis  in  forma  pdca  psentatis 
admissis  ac  institutis  omia  &  singla  pmissa  facientib}  &  suppor- 
tantib}  cantaria  ilia  continue  fiat  et  imppm  celebretr.  Quib} 
quidm  capeftis  sic  p  pdcin  vica(^  ^mo  ^sentandi  p  sustencoe 
eo^dfn  lego  illas  duas  maro-a?  &  dimid'l  annui  liberi  &  quieti 
reddi?  cu  ptin  quas  nup  adquesivi  coniunctim  cu  JoMe  Osekyn  de 
Anna  Relicta  Wifti  fit  Wifti  de  Leyr  nup  civis  LondoS  Hugone 
Lu  &  Jofte  Montveron  executorib}  testi  pdci  Wifti  fit  Wifti  que 
singlis  annis  ad  ?mios  in  Civitate  London  usitatos  levari  debent  & 
solui  de  toto  illo  ten  cu  domib}  supedifica?  &  omib}  ptm  suis  quod 
Jones  de  Redyng  Allutar9  LondonS  tenuit  ex  dimissione  quondam 
Radi  Balle  &  Isabeft  de  Sco  Albano  vxis  ei"1  in  poch  Sci  Martini 
Pome(^LondoS  in  Ismongereslane  in  quo  quidm  ten  Adam  Stable 
postmodu  comoravit  nee  non  &  illas  viginti  solida?  annui  lifti  & 
quieti  reddit^  cu  ptin  quas  similit  adquesivi  coniunctim  cu  pfato 
Johe  Osekyn  de  jJdcis  exe2  ^dco  Wifti  f  it  Wifti  de  Leyre  que 
singlis  annis  ad  ?mios  antedcos  levari  debent  &  solui  de  toto  illo 
ten  quod  Johes  de  Horsford  nup  huit  in  pochia  omi  Sco^  pvu  Sup 
celaOrnn  vico  de  Thamestrete  LondoS  quod  quidm  ten  situ  est  in? 
ten  quondam  Dfie  Johanne  Parmenters  ex  pte  orien?  &  ten 
quondam  Nich'i  flfarndori  ex  pte  occiden?.  Et  eciam  sexdecim 
marca?  annui  reddi?  pcipiend  singlis  annis  ad  ?mi6s  supdcos  de 
omib}  ter(^  &  ten  cu  ptm  in  LondoS  que  quondam  fue(5?  pdci 
Wifti  fii  Willi  de  Leyre  nup  civis  LondoS  quoip  'quodam  si?a  sunt 
in  pochia  Omi  Scoip  pvu  sup  cela(5?  in  latitudie  videit  in?  venellam 
que  ducit  de  cimi?io  Sci  Laurencij  usq3  vicu  Regm  de  Thamestrete 
ex  pte  orien?  &  ten  quondam  Radi  de  la  More  ac  ten  hospitai 
Sci  Barthi  de  Smethefeld  London  ex  pte  occiden?  &  extendnt  se  in 
longitudie  a  ten  quondam  Salamonis  de  la  More  9sus  aquilori 
vsq3  vicu  Regni  de  Thamestrete  vsus  aus?  quedam  eciam  &  shope 


374  Appendix. 

eisdm  tenemen?  jkstantes  sita  aunt  in  venella  &  pochia  See 
Laurencij  in  judaismo  LondoS  que  p  jJdcm  Wiftm  film  Wifti 
de  dfio  Rado  Gorges  Milite  quondam  fuernt  adquesita  simili? 
quedam  sita  snt  in  vico  de  Milkstrete  in  pochia  See  Marie  Mag- 
dalene &  quedam  massenta  quond  vx  Wifti  de  Wyntori  nup  civis 
Londofl  ea  tenuit  ad  Sim  vite  sue  hend  &  tend:  tam  pdcas  duas 
marca?  &  dimidiam  &  viginti  solida?  annui  libi  &  quieti  reddT 
qflm  pdcas  sexdecim  marca?  reddi?  cu  ptin  &  in  forma  pdca  ad 
tmios  antedcos  pcipiend  eisdm  videit  capeftis  postqrtm  ab  Epo 
admissi  fuint  &  vt  ^dicif  instituti  &  suis  successorib}  capeftis  in 
dca  Capella  apud  Edelmeton  sic  celebratuOr?  imppetuum.  Lego 
eciam  eidm  vicaOr}  ac  pdcis  Capeftis  quendam  annuu  reddi?  uni^ 
marce  eisdm  sciit  vica(^  &  capeftis  &  successorib}  suis  p  ppetua 
invencoe  &  sustentacoe  uni^  lampadis  in  eadfn  capella  apud  Edel- 
meton die  &  nocte  continue  ardentis  imppin  obtinendT  &  pcipiendT 
singtis  annis  ad  ?mios  antedcos  de  omit)}  &  singiis  ten  &  shopis 
supdci§  cu  pHn  in  London!  que  fueOp  ^dci  Wifti  fii  Wifti.  Yolo  in 
sup  lego  &  ordino  qd  bene  liceat  eisdm  vicaOr?  ac  capeftis  &  eo& 
cuiit  &  successorib}  suis  imppm  in  omib}  pdcis  ten  cu  ptm  que 
sic  fuernt  {Jdci  Wifti  fit  Wifti  disSng'e  quociens  pdcm  annuu 
reddi?  sexdecim  marcaip  ad  sustencacoem  ^dco^  capefto^  sic  dis- 
pocitu  et  eciam  quociens  jJdcm  annuu  reddi?  uni^  marce  ad 
invencoem  &  sustentacoem  uni^  lampadis  in  forma  fJdca  ardentis 
aretro  fore  contingat  &  districcoes  sic  cap?  quocunq}  voluint 
abduce  asporta(^  &  retine(^  quousq}  tam  de  pdco  redd  Sexdecim 
marca^  eisdm  sciit  capeftis  q°m  de  ^dco  reddi?  uni^  marce  p 
sustentacoe  lampadis  supdce  eisdfn  sciit  vica(^  ac  capeftis  cu  ofnib} 
inde  arreragijs  ac  dampnis  p  detencoe  seu  no  solucoe  ^dco^ 
eisdm  plenar9  fuit  satisfcm.  Lego  eciam  omia  ten  supdca  cu  ptin 
que  sic  fueOrf  pdci  Wifti  fit  Wifti  de  pdcfn  redd  sexdecim  inrcax 
&  uni^  marce  sic  oSate  exec  meis  infra  scriptis  ad  vendend  eadin 
ten  cu  pfin  postq^m  ^dci  capefti  in  Cantab  j5dca  fuint  instituti 
&  possessionem  |)dce  reddit?  sexdecim  marca^  optinerint  & 
postqam  ^dca  lampas  ad  ardend  fuit  constitute  &  denaC^"  p  ten 
j)dcas  sic  vendendis  pcipiendos  volo  &  lego  fore  distribuendos  in 
missis  celebrandis  aut  alijs  pijs  opib}  pficiend  paia  j)dci  Petri  & 
aiafe}  supdcis  scdm  dispocoem  &  arbitriu  exec  meojp  ^dco^.  Et 
cum  Ka?ina  que  fuit  ux  Johis  de  Donyndon  quondam  civis  & 
appotecar2  London!  teneat  ad  ?mi  vite  sue  septem  libratis  &  duo- 


Appendix.  375 

decim  denara?  reddi?  de  di9sis  ten  in  Civitate  London!  exeun?  ac 
eciam  cu  Stephus  Kyng  Civis  &  Zonar9  London!  &  Alicia  uS  eius 
teneant  ad  ?mi  vite  eoip  quoddam  ten  cu  domib}  supedifica?  shop 
sola(5?&;  suis  ptin  in  venella  &  pochia  Sci  Laurencij  in  ve?  Judiaisimo 
LondoS  necnon  cu  Wilts  Goderich  ffoundr  &  civis  dee  Civitatis  & 
Isabella  ux  eius  teneant  ad  ?fm  vite  eo;p  quoddam  ten  cu  shop 
CelaOr?  sola(#  &  suis  ptin  in  venella  &  pochia  jJdicos  rev'sonib} 
dco^  reddi?  &  ten  cu  ptin  michi  &  heredib}  meis  spectantib}.  Que 
quidfii  scitt  reddi?  &  fen  cu  ptin  cu  aliquali?  acciderint  lego  Ade 
ffraunceys  Juniori  de  London)  filio  meo  &  Margarete  vxi  eius 
tend  eisdm  &  faedib}  de  corpib}  eos  legite  pcrea?  de  capitat  dnis 
p  svic  inde  debita  &  de  iure  consueta  imppm.  Et  si  idfn  Adam, 
sive  heOp  de  corpe  suo  iie  pc(^  obierit  lego  dca  reddi?  &  ten  cu 
ptin  cu  ut  pdcm  est  acciderint  Matiil  fii  mee  tenend  eidin  &  here- 
dib}  de  corpe  suo  tie  pcrea?  de  capitat  dnis  p  svicia  inde  debita  & 
de  in 0#  consueta  imppm.  Et  si  eadm  Matitt  sine  heOrfde  corpe  suo 
tie  pc(^  obierit  tune  volo  &  lego  qd  eadiTi  reddi?  &  ten  cu  ptin.cu 
acciderint  ut  supdcin  est  rectis  hered  meis  integre  revtanf  & 
remaneant  imppm.  Tenend  de  capital  dnis  p  svicia  inde  debita 
&  de  iure  consueta  imppm.  Itin  lego  Agneti  uxi  mee  oinia  ten 
mea  cu  ptin  situata  in  poch  See  Mildrede  in  Poletria  London!  ac 
eciam  totu  illud  teS  cu  ptin  quod  Johes  de  Metford  de  me  tenet  in 
pochia  See  Marie  Magdalene  in  Westchepe  London).  Tend  eadm 
ten  cu  ptin  eidm  Agn  ad  ?mi  vite  sue  de  Capital  dmS  feodi  p 
^vicia  inde  debita  &  de  iure  consueta.  Que  quidrn  ten  cu  ptin 
post  decessu  ^fate  Agn  lego  {Jfato  Ade  ffraunceys  Juniori.  Lego 
eciam  eidm  Ade  statim  post  decessu  meu  ce?  ten  mea  &  redd 
supius  no  legata  sciit  oinia  &  singia  cu  suis  ptin  de  quib}  seisit^  su 
in  dnico  meo  ut  de  feodo  die  Obi?  mei  in  Civitate  |?dca  &  in 
suburbijs  eiusdm  Tenend  tam  dca  ten  cu  ptin  |)fate  Agneti  ad 
?rhi  vite  sue  legata  cu  post  eius  decessu  acciderint  qam  ce?a  ten  & 
reddit^  cu  ptin  j^noiata  statim  post  decessu  meu  vt  fJdcin  est 
eidm  Ade  &  heredib}  de  corpe  suo  iie  pcrea?  de  Capital  dms  p 
?vicia  inde  debita  &  de  jure  consueta  imppm.  Et  si  idfn  Adam 
sine  herede  de  corpe  suo  exeun?  obieri  tune  lego  &  volo  qd  tam 
dca  ten  cu  ptin  pfate  Agneti  ad  ?mi  vite  sue  legata  cu  post  eius 
decessu  acciderint  ut  jJdcin  est  qflm  ce?a  ten  &  reddit^  supdca  cu 
ptin  integre  remaneant  j3fate  Matiit  &  her  de  corpe  suo  legie 
pcrea?.  Tend  de  Capital  Dnis  p  Svicia  inde  debita  &  de  iure 


376  Appendix. 

consueta  imppm.  Et  si  eadin  Matift  sine  herede  de  corpe  suo 
exeunte  obierit  lego  eadm  ten  &  reddit?  cu  omib}  suis  ptifi  sciit 
tarn  ten  cu  ptm  jJfate  Agneti  ad  ?mi  vite  sue  legata  cu  post 
eius  decessu  acciderint  ut  supdca  est  qam  ce?a  ten  &  reddit?  oinia 
&  singta  pnotata  cu  omit>3  suis  ptifi  executorit>3  meis  aut  eo& 
executorib}  vel  exec  fJdcoj^  exec  n  eosdfn  vendenda  p  visu 
Maioris  &  Recordatoris  London)  qui  p  tempe  fuint  &  ad  uftiu 
atiu  usu  fore  convtenda  Ita  qd  ijdm  exec  vel  eox  execute^ 
gadatim  nup  eadm  ten  &  reddit?  cu  ptin  sciifc  omia  &  singia  p 
eosdm  ad  venend  ut  j?mitti?  legata  integre  vendant  q"m  cito 
optime  po?unt  postqam  u?q3  dcojp  Ade  &  Matitt  obierint  sine  here- 
dib}  de  corpib}  eo&  legie  pcrea?  si  eos  tali?  decede(£  contingat 
et  omes  denaOr?  inde  pvenien?  lego  eisdm  exec-distribuendos  p  visu 
dco^  Maioris  &  Kecordatoris  qui  p  tsmpe  fuint  ut  in  missis 
celebrandis  paupib}  cibandis  puellis  e  gentib}  maritanet  Prison  p 
debi?  cap?  &  minus  sufficientib}  delifeandis  ecciis  hospitalib)  & 
domib}  religiosis  ad  inopiam  diesis  relevand  Pontib}  &  itenerib} 
piculosis  emendand:  &  in  alijs  opib}  caritativis  imponend  scdrn 
discrecoem  exec  ^dco^  &  p  visu  dco^  Maioris  &  E/ecordatoris  qui 
pro  tempe  fuint,  Ita  qd  omes  dena(#  illi  circa  aliqua  alia  nisi 
circa  ea  que  ad  honorem  dei  &  salutem  kaia^  fJdca^  concernnt 
nullaten?  expendanf  Huius  autem  testi  mei  meos  facio  &  constituo 
executores  videit  Johem  Piel,  Wiftm  de  Halden,  Gfilbtum  Cham- 
poneys,  Johem  ffourney,  Pannar,  &  Johem  Ussher.  In  cuius  rei 
testionu  huic  testo  Sigillu  meu  apposui,  Da?  London  Yicesimo 
Sexo  die  Augusti  Anno  Dfii  Millesimo  tricentesimo  Septuagesimo 
quarto.  Et  regni  regis  Edwardi  ?cij  post  conquestu  Anglie  quad- 
ragesimo  octavo. 

Page  39. — Restoration  1865-8. 

Prom  the  several  preceding  statements  of  the  text,  it  will  be  seen 
that  various  sums  had  from  time  to  time  been  expended  for  substantial 
repairs  of  the  fabric  of  St.  Helen's,  and  which,  judging  from  their  mag- 
nitude, should  have  afforded  but  little  scope  for  the  labours  of  the  Re- 
storation Committee  of  1865-8.  Such,  however,  was  nob  the  case,  and 
a  description  truthfully  depicting  the  sad  state  of  the  Church  at  that 
time  would  be  regarded  as  apocryphal.  "  The  plaster  walls,  smoke- 
begrimed  and  saturated  with  damp,  had  in  many  places  given  way  ;  the 
decayed  timbers  of  the  roof  had  been  mended  with  brown  paper,  painted 
to  resemble  wood — in  one  of  the  columns  of  the  nave  arcade  no  less  than 
seventeen  incisions  had  been  made ; — the  two  westernmost  bays  were 


Appendix.  377 

separated  from  the  body  of  the  Church  by  a  clumsy,  deep  gallery  con- 
taining the  organ,  many  of  the  windows  had  lost  their  tracery,  and  the 
floor  of  the  Church  was  so  honeycombed  with  vaults  that  it  was  a 
matter  for  wonderment  that  the  whole  held  together  as  it  did. 

"To  remedy  this  state  of  things  a  Committee,  consisting  of 
parishioners  and  other  gentlemen  (including  the  then  Master  of  the 
Merchant  Taylors'  Company,  Mr.  Foster  White)  interested  in  pre- 
serving the  fabric  from  becoming  a  thorough  ruin,  was  formed,  and 
subscriptions  for  that  purpose  were  publicly  solicited,  and  although 
the  by  no  means  inconsiderable  sum  of  1400Z.  was  through  their  in- 
strumentality collected,  apart  from  the  many  stained  glass  windows 
that  were  introduced,  yet  this  sum  was  totally  inadequate  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  such  a  heavy  work.  Then  it  was  that  the  parishioners 
came  forward,  and  by  means  of  a  rate  collected  upwards  of  2000Z.  to 
meet  the  deficiency. 

"  To  the  labours  of  this  Committee  may  be  attributed  the  follow- 
ing works  : — The  removal  of  the  organ  gallery  and  screen,  and  of  Sir 
John  Spencer's*  monument  (A.D.  1609)  from  the  south  transept  to  the 
south  side  of  the  parochial  nave,  the  substitution  of  the  present  oak 
benches  in  lieu  of  the  previous  high  pews,  the  reparation  of  the 
carved  miserere  seats,  and  their  adaptation  for  the  use  of  the  quire, 
the  removal  of  the  accumulated  earth  in  the  transept  and  Chapel  of 
the  Holy  Ghost,  thereby  opening  out  the  bases  of  the  pillars  and 
tomb  of  Sir  John  Crosbie,  the  repaving  the  Chancel  and  parochial 
nave  with  encaustic  tiles,  re-roofing  one-half  of  the  nun's  quire,  to- 
gether with  the  erection  of  a  reredos  and  the  organ. 

"  Works  of  as  great  utility  as  these  just  enumerated  and  under- 
taken by  the  parishioners  were  the  filling  in  and  hermetically  closing 
the  large  vaults  which  existed  throughout  the  building,  and  the 
thorough  repair  of  such  portions  of  the  roofs  as  the  Restoration 
Committee  had  been  unable  to  accomplish,  and  also  providing  the 
apparatus  for  warming  the  Church. 

"  The  numerous  stained  glass  windows  must  not  be  passed  by 
without  mention,  in  that  they  add  materially  to  the  beauty  of  the 
Church.  The  names  of  the  donors  are  appended  to  this  sketch. 
Other  windows  there  are  which  require  to  be  filled  in  a  similar 
manner;  and  here  it  may  not  be  amiss  to  reply  to  the  criticisms 
which  have  been  made  by  archa3ologists  and  others,  as  to  the  texture 
and  deep  tones  of  some  of  the  modern  glass,  whilst  admitting  that 
glass  of  a  lighter  texture,  and  approaching  the  '  cinque-cento'  period, 
would  be  more  in  accordance  with  the  style  of  the  architecture  of  the 
building,  and  certainly  more  conducive  to  the  transmission  of  the  light 
so  requisite  in  a  city  church,  that  the  fact  ought  not  to  be  overlooked 
that,  as  the  pious  gifts  of  individuals,  it  is  frequently  impossible  to 
attempt  interference  with  the  cherished  project  of  the  donor.  Could 


*  This  was  done  at  the  expense  of  the  Marquis  of  Northampton  (the  lineal 
descendant  of  the  Earl  of  Compton,  who  clandestinely  married  the  only  child  of  the 
deceased),  and  two  splendid  arches,  highly  decorated  in  rich  blue  and  vermilion 
colours — now  much  faded — were  exposed. 


378  Appendix. 

it  have  been  foreseen  by  the  Committee  that  so  many  costly  gifts 
would  have  been  subsequently  added,  a  scheme  embracing  a  regular 
iconographic  series  might  have  been  prepared  for  that  purpose. 

"  In  addition  to  contributions  to  the  Eestoration  Fund  several  of 
the  City  Companies  with  their  characteristic  liberality  undertook  the 
renovation  of  the  monuments  of  their  predecessors  ;  the  Worshipful 
Company  of  Grocers  rescued  from  decay  the  beautiful  tomb  of  Sir 
John  and  Lady  Crosby;  the  Mercers'  Company,  that  of  Sir  T. 
Gresham  ;  the  Haberdashers,  that  of  Captain  Bond  ;  and  the  Skinners, 
the  quaint  little  tablet  to  the  memory  of  the  founder  of  Tunbridge 
Grammar  School,  Sir  Andrew  Judde. 

"  Such  is  the  history  (in  outline)  of  the  church  of  St.  Helen's, 
until  it  became,  under  the  Order  in  Council  of  5th  May,  1873,  the 
church  of  the  united  parishes  of  St.  Helen's  and  St.  Martin's.  Under 
the  scheme  for  union,  the  glass  of  the  east  window  of  St.  Martin's 
was  removed  to  and  placed  partly  in  the  window  of  the  newly  dis- 
covered Lady  Chapel,  and  in  the  eastern  dormer  windows  of  the  south 
transept  of  St.  Helen's.  All  the  monuments  were  also  removed 
thither;  and,  as  far  as  possible,  were  restored  and  replaced  in  St. 
-Helen's,  in  sites  shown  on  the  ground  plan  of  the  church.  The 
names  connected  with  these  monuments  are  as  under : — 

"  John  Oteswich  and  wife,  dr.  1400  ;  Hugh  Pemberton,  dr.  1500 ; 
Richard  Staper,  dr.  1608  ;  Langham,  dr.  1694 ;  Clutterbuck,  dr. 
1697  ;  Goodman,  dr.  17 14 ;  Teasdale,  dr.  1804  ;  Edwards,  dr.  1810 ; 
Simpson,  dr.  1827;  Eose,  dr.  1821;  Grant,  dr.  1836;  Ellis,  dr. 
1838 ;  Atkinson,  dr.  1847  ;  Simpson,  dr.  1849. 

"  John  Bruex,  1459,  and  Nicholas  "Wotton,  1483,  being  the  brass 
effigies  of  two  rectors  on  a  gravestone ;  Thomas  Wight,  1633,  a  brass 
plate  on  a  gravestone  ;  Tufnel,  1686,  a  large  gravestone. 

"  The  annual  value  of  St.  Helen's  will  be  8001.  and  Easter  offer- 
ings, and  the  patronage  of  the  united  benefice  is  vested  in  the 
Company  by  Part  III.,  Sec.  3,  which  enabled  the  Master  and  Wardens 
as  patrons  to  restore,  as  was  much  deserved,  the  Lady  Chapel  and 
that  of  the  Holy  Ghost.  During  the  restoration,  the  vestry  room, 
which  had  filled  up  the  entire  Lady  Chapel,  was  pulled  down,  and 
there  were  brought  to  light  two  early  perpendicular  windows,  temp. 
Richard  I.,  several  elegant  niches,  piscinas,  sedilia,  &c.,  all  of  which 
have  been  carefully  restored. 

"The  monumental  effigies  of  John  Otewich  and  his  wife  (A.D. 
1400  to  1428),  being  first  cleansed  and  revived  by  Mr.  Poole,  have 
been  placed  upon  a  plain  and  simple  table,  between  the  two  east 
Chapels,  i.e.,  the  Lady  Chapel  and  that  of  the  Holy  Ghost. 

"  The  accession  of  these  monumental  effigies  and  tablets  from 
the  neighbouring  Church  of  St.  Martin  Outwich,  further  enhance 
the  quaint  but  solemn  dignity  of  the  fabric,  rendering  it  still  more 
worthy  of  its  rightly-accorded  title  of  '  the  Westminster  Abbey  of  the 
East.' 


PLAN  OF  THE  CHURCH  OF  ST  HELEN'S 
BISHOPSGATE  .     LONDON  . 


10      5 


Scale    of  Teet. 
o  10  20  30 


Appendix.  379 


STAINED   CLASS  WINDOWS. 

Subjects.  Gifts  of 

"A.  —  Iii  the  parochial  nave,  east,  consist-  }  Kirkraan     Daniel,  and    James    Stewart 
ing  of  7   lights   with   traceried   head  :  >      Hodgson,   Esqs.,   in   memory   of  their 
'The  Ascension'  *          ...         ...         ...  J      late  father,  John  Hodgson,  Esq. 

T>      T      ,,        ,        ,      ,.  ,,      TT  ,      ni      ,    (  Made  up  of  ancient  glass  preserved  from 
^       fifcjj*1?  J  '         the  <>«»«•  windows,  at  the  expense   of 

•'•  (      Churchwardens  Eolfe  and  Kichardson. 


D.  and  E.  —  The  upper  part  filled  with  Em- 
blematical Glass.* 

E.  —  A  window  of  3  lights...         ...         ...     William  Jones,  Esq. 

G.  —  In  the  south  aisle  adjoining  pulpit,  3 


lights:     'St.  Alban,    St.  Michael,   and 
St.  Edmund'f 

H. — In   the   same    aisle   over  the   south 
door,  3  half  lights  :     '  Christ's    Charge 


to  St.  Peter'f 


Mr.  Alderman  Colonel  Wilson, 


Messrs.  MacDougall. 


I.  —  In  the  south  aisle,  by  Sir  John  Spencer's  )  William  Meade  Williams,  Esq.,  in  memory 
monument,  3  lights:  'The  Finding  of  >  of  his  father  and  mother,  John  and 
the  Cross  by  St.  Helena'  f  ......  J  Susan  Williams. 

J.  —  In  the  parochial  nave,  west,  5  lights  :  1  Subscription  window  in  memory  of  Alder- 
'  The  Crucifixion'  f  .........  J  man  Copeland,  M.P.,  &c. 

J-          Esq"  in  memory  of  Bishop 


M.  —  Abbess'  window,  of  2  lights,  north  \ 

wall  of  Nuns'    Quire:   '  Christ  healing  f  ^.     ~,        .  -  „    ...     ,.., 

the  lame    man,   and    Keceiving    littil     ^.  Cox,  m  memory  of  3  of  his  chddren. 

Children'f  ............  / 

N.  —  In  the  Nuns'  Quire,  5  lights  and  tra-  \ 

ceried  head  :   '  St.  Helena,'   flanked  by  f  The  Gresham  Committee,  in  memory  of 
three  of  the  Evangelists  and  their  sym-  (      Sir  Thomas  Gresham." 
bolsj        ...............  J 


BRASSES   AND   MONUMENTS   IN    ST.   HELEN'S    CHURCH, 
BISHOPSGATE.§ 

I.8 A  brass  of  a  merchant  and  his  wife,  date  about  1400,  names 
unknown.  See  "  Fairholt,"  p.  183.  (Lost.) 

2.  Brass  of  Joana,  daughter  of  Henry  Seamer,  wife  of  Eichard,  son 
and  heir  of  Lord  Poynings.  The  account  of  this  brass  given  in 
Stow's  "  Survey,"  adds,  "Died  a  virgin  in  1420."  This  figure 
is  now  lost,  but  an  impression  of  it  taken  by  the  late  Mr,  E.  B. 
Mores  when  it  was  preserved  in  the  Church  chest,  represents 
her  habited  in  a  mantle,  surcoat,  and  kirtle  with  mitten  sleeves, 


*  By  Heaton,  Butler  &  Co.          f  By  Gibbs.  J  By  Powell  &  Co. 

§  Supplied  by  Dr.  Cox  for  Clode's  Memorials  of  the  Merchant  Taylors*  Company, 
pp.  341-4.     Ed.  Lond.  1875. 


380  Appendix. 

and  on  her  breast  a  large  "  I.  H.  U.  Mercy,"  her  headdress  of 
the  veil  kind  with  the  bosses  of  reticulated  hair  above  the  ears. 
Mr.  Mores  has  written  under  it  "  Obiit  Virgo,  1420."  See 
Gough's  "  Sepulchral  Monuments,"  vii.  ii.  p.  55. 

3.  Monument  to  Alderman  Sir  John  Crosby  and  Anne,  his  wife,  1475—6. 

4.  Brass  to  memory  of  Thomas   Williams,  gentleman,  and  Margaret 

his  wife.  The  former  died  January  16th,  1495.  The  date  of 
wife's  death  not  inserted. 

5.  Brass,  very  elaborate,  of  a  Lady  Abbess  of  the  peroid  of  Henry 

VII.,  the  costume  that  of  the  aged  ladies  of  that  day,  who  not 
unfrequently  ended  their  days  in  a  nunnery  as  Lady  Abbesses 
or  even  as  mere  sisters,  to  the  no  small  emolument  of  the 
Church.  See  "  Fairholt,"  p.  238. 

6.  Monuments  to  Sir  William  Pickering — Father  and  Son,  1542—47. 

7.  Brass  to  memory  of  John  Leenthorp  [or  Leventhorpe],  Esg.,  one 

of  the  four  Keepers  of  the  Chamber  to  Henry  VII. :  died 
August  16th,  1510. 

8.  Brass  to  memory  of  Mr.  Robert  Rochester,  Sergeant  of  the  Pantry 

to  Henry  VIII.,  who  died  May  1st,  1514. 

9.  Thomas   Benolte,   sometime   Windsor  Herald   to    Henry   VIII., 

otherwise  Clarenceux  King  of  Arms,  died  May  8th,  1533. 
Figure  in  Herald's  Tabard,  bearing  arms  of  England  and 
•Prance  quartered,  on  each  side  two  female  figures ;  that  of 
later  date  in  more  elaborate  costume  than  the  former  (lost,  but 
stone  remaining).* 

10.  Monument  to  Sir  Andrew  Judd,  Lord  Mayor,  Citizen  and  Skinner, 

1551. 

11.  Monument  to  William  Bond,  Alderman,  Sheriff  of  London,  1576. 

12.  Monument  to  Sir  Thomas   Gh-esham,  Citizen  and  Mercer,  1579, 

and  William  his  Son,  1560. 

13.  Monument  to  Sir  John  Spencer,  1609.     This  monument  before 

the  restoration  of  the  Church  in  1865  stood  on  the  west  side  of 
the  Lady  Chapel. 

14.  John  EoUnson,  Alderman  and  Merchant  Taylor,  Merchant  of  the 

Staple,  1599. 

15.  William  Kerwin,  Freemason,  1594. 

18.  Sir  Julius  Adelmair  (alias  Casar),  Knight,  Doctor  of  Laws,  Judge 

of  the  Court  of  Admiralty,  1636. 

19.  Monument  to  Martin  Bond,  Captain  of  the  City   Train  Bands. 

Commanded  in  the  camp  at  Tilbury  in  1588.    Died  1634,  aged  85. 

20.  Monument  to  Francis  Bancroft,  an  Officer  of  the  Corporation  of 

London,  1727. 

*  In  Nuns'  Quire,  between  No.  6  and  No.  11. 


Appendix.  381 

'From  St.  Martin's. 

22.  The  Otewich  effigies.     E/emoved  from  the  Church  of  St.  Martin 

Outwich  in  1874. 

23.  Richard  Staper,  Alderman,  1608.     Eemoved  from  the  Church  of 

St.  Martin  Outwich  in  1874. 

24.  Hugh  Pemberton,  Merchant  Taylor  and   Alderman,  1500.     Also 

Katherine,  his  wife.     This   monument  was   removed  from  the 
Church  of  St.  Martin  Outwich  in  1874. 

25.  William  Bernard,  1746.     Eemoved  to  this  position  in  1874  from 

the  north  wall  of  a  Vestry  which  formerly  stood  on   the  site  of 
the  Lady  Chapel,  which  Vestry  was  removed  in  1874. 

26.  A  Brass  of  John  Breieux,  Eector,  1459.  ^ 

27.  A  Brass  of  Nicholas  Wotton,  Eector,  1483.     An  f  Qn  Qne  8tone> 

Honorary  Member  of  the  Merchant  Taylors'  \ 
Company.  ) 

Page  46. — An  Act  for  Tithes  in  London. 

Where  of  late  Time  Contention,  Strife  and  Variance  hath  risen  and 
grown  within  the  City  of  London,  and  the  Liberties  of  the  same, 
between  the  Parsons,  Vicars  and  Curates  of  the  said  City,  and  the 
Citizens  and  Inhabitants  of  the  same,  for  and  concerning  the  payment 
of  Tithes,  Oblations,  and  other  Duties  within  the  said  City  and  Liberties  : 
For  appeasing  whereof,  a  certain  Order  and  Decree  was  made  thereof 
by  the  most  Eeverend  Father  in  God  Thomas  [Cranmer]  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  Metropolitane,  Chief  Primate  of  all  England,  Thomas 
Audley  Knight,  Lord  Audley  of  Walden,  and  then  Lord  Chancellor  of 
England,  now  deceased,  and  other  of  the  King's  Majesty's  most 
Honourable  Privy  Council ;  and  also  the  King's  Letters  Patents  and 
Proclamation  was  made  thereof,  and  directed  to  the  said  Citizens  con- 
cerning the  same  ;  whereupon  it  was  after  enacted  in  the  Parliament 
holden  at  Westminster  by  Prorogation  the  Fourth  Day  of  February  in 
the  Twenty-seventh  Tear  of  the  King's  Majesty's  most  noble  Eeign,  by 
Authority  of  the  same  Parliament,  that  the  Citizens  and  the  Inhabitants 
of  the  same  City  should,  at  Easter  then  next  coming,  pay  unto  the 
Curates  of  the  said  City  and  Suburbs,  all  such  and  like  Sums  of  Money 
for  Tithes,  Oblations  and  other  Duties,  as  the  said  Citizens  and  Inha- 
bitants by  the  Order  of  the  said  late  Lord  Chancellor,  and  other  of  the 
King's  most  honourable  Council,  and  the  King's  said  Proclamation, 
paid  or  ought  to  have  paid  by  Force  and  Virtue  of  the  said  Order  at 
Easter,  which  was  in  the  Tear  of  our  Lord  God  MDXXXV,  and  the 
same  Payments  so  to  continue  from  Time  to  Time,  until  such  Time  as 
any  other  Order  or  Law  should  be  made,  published,  ratified  and  con- 
firmed by  the  King's  Highness,  and  the  Two  and  Thirty  Persons  by 
His  Grace  to  be  named,  as  well  for  the  full  Establishment,  concerning 
the  Payment  of  all  Tithes,  Oblations,  and  other  Duties  of  the  Iiiha- 


382  Appendix. 

bitants  within  the  said  City,  Suburbs  and  Liberties  of  the  same,  as  for 
the  making  of  other  Ecclesiastical  Laws  of  this  Realm  of  England,  and 
that  every  Person  denying  to  pay,  as  is  aforesaid,  should,  by  the  Com- 
mandment of  the  Mayor  of  London  for  the  Time  being,  be  committed 
to  Prison,  there  to  remain  until  such  Time  as  he  or  they  should  have 
agreed  with  the  Curate  or  Curates  for  their  said  Tithes,  Oblations  and 
other  Duties,  as  is  aforesaid,  as  in  the  said  Act  more  plainly  appeareth  : 
Sithen  which  Act  divers  Variances,  Contentions  and  Strifes  are  newly 
risen  and  grown  between  the  said  Parsons,  Vicars  and  Curates,  and 
the  said  Citizens  and  Inhabitants,  touching  the  Payments  of  the 
Tithes,  Oblations  and  other  Duties,  by  reason  of  certain  Words  and 
Terms  specified  in  the  said  Order,  which  are  not  so  plainly  and  fully 
set  forth,  as  is  thought  convenient  and  meet  to  be ;  for  appeasing 
whereof,  as  well  the  said  Parsons,  Vicars  and  Curates,  as  the  said 
Citizens  and  Inhabitants,  have  compromitted  and  put  themselves  to 
stand  to  such  Order  and  Decree  touching  the  Premisses,  as  shall  be 
made  by  the  said  Eight  Eeverend  Father  in  Grod  Thomas  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  Metropolitane  and  Primate  of  England,  the  Eight 
Honourable  Sir  Thomas  Wryothesly  Knight,  Lord  Wryothesly,  and 
Lord  Chancellor  of  England,  the  Eight  Honourable  Thomas  Duke  of 
Norfolk,  Lord  Treasurer  of  England,  the  Eight  Honourable  Sir 
William  Paulet  Knight,  Lord  St.  John,  Lord  President  of  the  Council, 
and  Lord  great  Master  of  the  King's  most  Honourable  Household, 
the  Eight  Honourable  Sir  John  Eussel  Knight,  Lord  Eussel  and  Lord 
Privy  Seal,  the  Eight  Honourable  Edward  Earl  of  Hertford,  Lord 
Great  Chamberlain  of  England,  the  Eight  Honourable  John  Viscount 
Lisle,  High  Admiral  of  England,  Sir  Richard  Lister  Knight,  Chief 
Justice  of  England,  Sir  Edward  Montague  Knight,  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Common  Bench  at  Westminster,  and  Sir  Roger  Cholmely  Knight,  Chief 
Baron  of  the  Exchequer,  for  a  final  End  and  Conclusion  to  be  had  and 
made  touching  the  Premisses  for  ever.  And  to  the  Intent  to  have  a 
full  Peace  and  perfect  End  between  the  said  Parties,  their  Heirs  and 
Successors,  touching  the  said  Tithes,  Oblations  and  other  Duties  for 
ever,  be  it  enacted  by  the  Authority  of  this  present  Parliament,  That 
such  End,  Order  and  Direction,  as  shall  be  made,  decreed,  and  con- 
cluded by  the  forenamed  Archbishop,  Lords  and  Knights,  or  any  Six 
of  them,  before  the  Eirst  Day  of  March  next  ensuing,  of,  for,  and  con- 
cerning the  Payments  of  the  Tithes,  Oblations  and  other  Duties 
within  the  said  City,  and  the  Liberties  of  the  same,  and  inrolled  in  the 
King's  High  Court  of  Chancery  of  Eecord,  shall  stand,  remain,  and  be 
as  an  Act  of  Parliament,  and  shall  bind  as  well  all  Citizens  and  Inha- 
bitants of  the  said  City  and  Liberties  for  the  Time  being,  as  the  said 
Parsons,  Vicars,  Curates,  and  their  Successors  for  ever,  according  to 
the  Effect,  Purport  and  Intent  of  the  said  Order  and  Decree  so  to  be 
made  and  inrolled ;  and  that  every  Person  denying  to  pay  any  of  his  or 
their  Tithes,  Oblations,  or  other  Duties,  contrary  to  the  said  Decree 
so  to  be  made,  shall,  by  the  Commandment  of  the  Mayor  of  London 
for  the  Time  being,  and  in  his  Default  or  Negligence,  by  the  Lord 
Chancellor  of  England  for  the  Time  being,  be  committed  to  Prison, 


Appendix.  383 

there  to  remain  till  such  Time  as  he  or  they  have  agreed  with  the 
Curate  and  Curates  for  his  or  their  said  Tithes,  Oblations  and  other 
Duties  as  is  aforesaid. 

The  DECEEE. 

II.  As  touching  the  Payment  of  Tithes  in  the  City  of  London,  and 
the  Liberties  of  the  same,  it  is  fully  ordered  and  decreed  by  the  most 
Eeverend  Father  in  God  Thomas  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  Primate 
and  Metropolitane  of  England,  Thomas  Lord  Wryothesly,  Lord  Chan- 
cellor of  England,  William  Lord  St.  John,  President  of  the  King's 
Majesty's  Council,  and  Lord  great  Master  of  His  Highness  House- 
hold, John  Lord  Eussel,  Lord  Privy  Seal,  Edward  Earl  of  Hertford, 
Lord  great  Chamberlain  of  England,  John  Viscount  Lisle,  High 
Admiral  of  England,  Eichard  Lister  Knight,  Chief  Justice  of  England, 
and  Eoger  Cholmely  Knight,  Chief  Baron  of  His  Grace's  Exchequer, 
this  present  Twenty  fourth  Day  of  February,  Anno  Domini,  secundum 
cur  sum  et  computationem  EcclesicB  Anglicance,  millesimo  quingentesimo 
quadragesimo  quinto,  according  to  the  Statute  in  such  Case  lately  pro- 
vided, that  the  Citizens  and  Inhabitants  of  the  said  City  of  London 
and  Liberties  of  the  same,  for  the  Time  being,  shall  yearly  without 
Fraud  or  Covin  for  ever  pay  their  Tithes  to  the  Parsons,  Vicars,  and 
Curates  of  the  said  City,  and  their  Successors,  for  the  Time  being, 
after  the  Eate  hereafter  following,  that  is  to  wit,  Of  every  x.s.  Eent 
by  the  Year  of  all  and  every  House  and  Houses,  Shops,  Warehouses, 
Cellars,  Stables,  and  every  of  them  within  the  said  City  and  Liberty  of 
the  same,  xvi.  d.  ob.  And  every  of  xx.  s.  Eent  by  the  Tear  of  all  and 
every  such  House  and  Houses,  Shops,  Warehouses,  Cellars,  and  Stables, 
and  every  of  them  within  the  said  City  and  Liberties,  ij.  s.  and  ix.  d. 
And  so  above  the  Eent  of  xx.  s.  by  the  Tear,  ascending  from^x:.  s.  to 
x.s.  according  to  the  Eate  aforesaid. 

III.  Item,  That  where   any  Lease  is    or  shall  be  made   of  any 
Dwelling  House  or  Houses,  Shops,  Warehouses,  Cellars  or  Stables,  or 
any  of  them,  by  Fraud  or  Covin,  reserving  less  Eent  than  hath  been 
accustomed,  or  is,  or  that  any  such  Lease  shall  be   made  without  any 
Eent  reserved  upon  the  same,  by  reason  of  any  Fine  or  Income  paid 
beforehand,  or  by  any   other    Fraud   or   Covin;    that  then  in  every 
such  Case  the  Tenant  or  Farmer,  Tenants  and  Farmers  thereof  shall 
pay,  for   his    or   their  Tithes  of   the  same,  after  the  Eate  aforesaid, 
according  to  the   Quality  of  such  Eent  or  Eents,  as  the  same  House 
or  Houses,   Shops,   Warehouses,  Cellars   or   Stables,  or  any  of  them 
were  last  letten  for,  without  Fraud  or  Covin,  before  the  making  of 
such  Lease. 

IV.  Item,  That  every  Owner  or  Owners,  Inheritor  or  Inheritors 
of  any   Dwelling   House   or  Houses,  Shops,  Warehouses,   Cellars  or 
Stables,  or  any  of  them,  within  the  said  City  and  Liberties,  inhabiting 
or  occupying  the  same  himself,  or  themselves,  shall  pay  after  such  Eate 
or  Tithes  as  is  abovesaid,  after  the  Quantity  of  such  yearly  Eent  as 
the  same  was  last  letten  for,  without  Fraud  or  Covin. 


384  Appendix. 

V.  Item,  If  any  Person  or  Persons  have  taken,  or  hereafter  shall 
take  any  Mease  or  Mansion  Place  by  Lease,  and  the  Taker  or  Takers 
thereof,  his  or  their  Executors  or  Assigns,  doth  or  shall  inhabit  in  any 
Part  thereof,  and  have  or  hath  within  Eight  Tears  last  past  before  this 
Order,  or  hereafter  will  or  shall  let  out  the  Residue  of  the  same  ;  that 
then  in  such  Case  the  principal  Farmer  or  Farmers,  or  first  Taker  or 
Takers  thereof,  his  or  their  Executors   or  Assigns,  shall   pay  his  or 
their  Tithes  after  the  Rate  aforesaid,  according  to  his  or  their  Quantity 
therein,  and  that  his  or  their  Executors,  Assignee  or  Assignees,  shall 
pay  his  or  their  Tithes  after  the  Rate  abovesaid,  according  to  the 
Quantity  of  their  Rent  by  Tear. 

VI.  And'  that  if  any  Person  or  Persons  have,  or  shall  take  divers 
Mansion  Houses,  Shops,  Warehouses,  Cellars  or  Stables,  in  One  Lease, 
and  letteth  or  shall  let  out  One  or  more  of  the  said  Houses,  and 
keepeth  or  shall  keep    One  or  more   in  his  or  their  own  Hands,  and 
inhabiteth  or  inhabit  in  the  same  ;  that  then  the  said  Taker  or  Takers, 
and  his  and  their  Executors  or  Assigns  shall  pay  his  or  their  Tithes 
after  the  Rate  abovesaid,  according  to  the  Quantity  of  the  yearly  Rent 
of  such  Mansion  House  or  Houses,  retained  in  his  or  their  Hands ; 
and  that  his  Assignee  or  Assignees  of  the  Residue  of  the  said  Mansion 
House  or  Houses,  shall  pay  his  or  their  Tithes  after  the  Rate  above- 
said,  according  to  the  Quantity  of  their  yearly  Rents. 

VII.  Item,  If  such  Farmer  or  Farmers,  or  his  or  their  Assigns  of 
any  Mansion  House  or  Houses,  Warehouses,  Shops,  Cellars  or  Stables, 
hath  at  any  Time  within  Eight  Tears  last  past,  or  shall  hereafter,  let 
over  all  the  said  Mansion  House  or  Houses  contained  in  his  or  their 
Lease,  to  One  Person  or  to  divers  Persons ;  that  then  the  Inhabitants, 
Lessees  or  Occupiers  of  them,  and  every  of  them,  shall  pay  their  Tithes 
after  the  Rate  of  such  Rents  as  the  Inhabitants,  Lessees  or  Occupiers, 
and  their  Assignee  or  Assignees  have  been  or  shall  be  charged  withal, 
without  Fraud  or  Covin. 

VIII.  Item,  If  any  Dwelling  House,  within  Eight  Tears  last  past, 
was  or  hereafter  shall  be  converted  into  a  Warehouse,  Storehouse,  or 
such  like,  or  if  a  Warehouse,  Storehouse,  or  such  like,  within  the  said 
Eight  Tears,  was  or  hereafter  shall  he  converted  into   a  Dwelling 
House  ;  that  then  the  Occupiers  thereof  shall  pay  Tithes  for  the  same, 
after  the  Rate  above  declared  of  Mansion  House  Rents. 

IX.  Item,  That  where  any  Person  shall  demise  any  Dyehouse  or 
Erewhouse,  with  Implements  convenient  and  necessary  for  Dyeing  or 
Brewing,  reserving  a  Rent  upon  the  same,  as  well  in  respect  of  such 
Implements,  as  in  respect  of  such  Dyehouse  or  Brewhouse  ;  that  then 
the  Tenant  shall  pay  his  Tithes  after  such  Rate  as  is  abovesaid,  the 
Third  Peny  abated ;  and  that  every  principal  House  or  Houses,  with 
Key   or  Wharf,  having  any  Crane  or  Gribet  belonging  to  the  same, 
shall  pay  after  the  like  Rate  of  their  Rents  as  is   aforesaid,  the  Third 
Peny  abated  ;  and  that  other  Wharfs  belonging  to  Ifouses  having  no 
Crane  or  Gibet,  shall  pay  for  his  Tithes  as  shall  be  paid  for  Mansion 
Houses,  in  Form  aforesaid. 

X.  Item,  That  where  any  Mansion  House  with  a  Shop,  Stable, 


Appendix.  385 

"Warehouse,  "Wharf  with  Crane,  Timber  Yard,  Teinter  Yard,  or  Garden 
belonging  to  the  same,  or  as  Parcel  of  the  same,  is  or  shall  be  occupied 
together,  that  if  the  same  be  hereafter  severed  or  divided,  or  at  any 
Time  within  Eight  Years  last  past  were  severed  or  divided ;  that 
then  the  Farmer  or  Farmers,  Occupier  or  Occupiers  thereof,  shall  pay 
such  Tithes  as  is  abovesaid,  for  such  Shops,  Stable,  "Warehouses, 
"Wharf  with  Crane,  Timber  Yard,  Teinter  Yard  or  Garden  aforesaid, 
so  severed  or  divided,  after  the  Hate  of  their  several  Rents  thereupon 
reserved. 

XI.  Item,  That  the  said  Citizens  and  Inhabitants  shall  pay  their 
Tithes  quarterly,  that  is  to  say,  at  the  Feast  of  Easter,  the  Nativity  of 
St.  John   Baptist,  the   Feast   of  St.  Michael  the  Archangel,  and  the 
Nativity  of  our  Lord,  by  even  Portions. 

XII.  Item,  That  every  Householder  paying  Ten  Shillings  Eent  or 
above,  shall,  for  him  or  herself,  be  discharged  of  their  Four  Offering- 
days  :  But  his  Wife,  Children,  Servant,  or  others  of  their  Family,  taking 
the  Eights  of  the   Church  at  Easter,  shall  pay  Two-pence  for  their 
Four  Offering  days  yearly. 

XIII.  Provided  always,  and  it  is  decreed,  That  if  any  House  or 
Houses  which  hath  been  or  hereafter  shall  be  letten  for  Ten  Shillings 
[Rent  by  Year  or  more,  be  or  hath  at  any  Time  within  Eight  Years 
last  passed,  or  hereafter  shall  be,  divided  and  leased  into  small  Parcels 
or  Members,  yielding    less   yearly  Eent   than  Ten   Shillings  by  the 
Year ;   that  then  the  Owner  or  Owners,  if  he  or  they  dwell  in  any 
Part  of  such  House,  or  else  the  principal  Lessee  and  Lessees,  if  the 
Owner  or  Owners  do  not  dwell  in  some  Part  of  the  same,  shall  from 
henceforth  pay  for  his  or  their  Tithes  after  such  Rate  of  Eent  as  the 
same  House  was  accustomed  to  be  letten  for,  before  such  Division  or 
dividing  into  Parts  or  Members  :   And  the  under  Farmer  and  Farmers, 
Lessee  and  Lessees,  to   be   discharged   of  all  Tithes  for  such  small 
Parcels,  Parts   or    Members,  rented  at    less    yearly  Eent   than  Ten 
Shillings  by  Year  without  Fraud  or  Covin,  paying  Two-pence  yearly 
for  Four  Offering- days. 

XIV.  Provided  alway,  and  it  is  decreed,  That  for  such  Gardens  as 
appertain  not  to  any  Mansion  House,  and  which  any  Person  or  Persons 
holdeth  or  shall  hold  in  his  or  their  Hands  for  Pleasure,  or  to  his  own 
Use ;  that  the  then  Person  so  holding  the  same,  shall  pay  no  Tithes 
for  the  same :    But  if  any  Person  or  Persons,  which  holdeth,  or  shall 
hold  any  such  Garden,  containing  Half  an  Acre  or  more,  doth  or  shall 
make  any  yearly  Profit  thereof  by  way  of  Sale ;  that  then  he  or  they 
shall  pay  Tithes  for  the  same,  after  such  Eate  of  his  Eent,  as  is  herein 
first  above  specified. 

XV.  Provided  also,  That  if  any  such  Gardens  now  being  of  the 
Quantity  of  Half  an  Acre,  or  more,  be  hereafter  by  Fraud  or  Covin 
divided  into  ^ss  Quantity  or  Quantities,  then  to  pay  Tithe  according 
to  the  Eate  abovesaid. 

XVI.  Provided  alway,  That  this  Decree  shall  not  extend  to  the 
Houses  of  great  Men,  or  noble  Men,  or  noble  "Women,  kept  in  their 
own  Hands,  and  not  letten  for  any  Eent,  which  in  Times  past  hath 

c  c 


386  Appendix. 

paid  no  Tithes,  so  long  as  they  shall  so  continue  unletten :  Nor  to 
any  Halls  or  Crafts  or  Companies,  so  long  as  they  be  kept  unletten, 
so  that  the  same  Halls  in  Times  past  have  not  used  to  pay  any 
Tithes. 

XVII.  Provided  always,  and  it  is  decreed,  That  this  present  Order 
and  Decree   shall   not    in   anywise    extend   to   bind   or   charge   any 
Sheds,    Stables,    Cellars,    Timber    Yards,    ne    Teinter   Yards,    which 
were  never  Parcel  of   any  Dwelling  House,  ne  appertaining  or   be- 
longing  to   any  Dwelling    House,  ne  have  been  accustomed  to  pay 
any  Tithes ;  but  that  the  said  Citizens  and  Inhabitants  shall  thereof 
be    quit    of   Payment   of   any    Tithes,   as   it   hath    been   used   and 
accustomed. 

XVIII.  Provided  also,  and  it  is  decreed,  That  where  less  Sum 
than  after  Sixteen  Pence  Halfpenny  in  the  Ten  Shillings  Rent,  or  less 
Sum  than  Two  Shillings  Nine-pence  in  the  Twenty  Shillings  Eent, 
hath  been  accustomed  to  be  paid  for  Tithes ;  that  then  in  such  Places 
the  said  Citizens  and  Inhabitants  shall  pay  but  only  after  such  Eate 
as  hath  been  accustomed. 

XIX.  Item,  It  is  also  decreed,  That  if  any  Variance,  Controversy, 
or  Strife,  do  or  shall  hereafter  arise  in  the  said  City  for  Non-payment  of 
any  Tithes ;  or  if  any  Variance  or  Doubt  arise  upon  the  true  Knowledge 
or  Division  of  any  Eent  or  Tithes,  within  the  Liberties  of  the  said 
City,  or  of  any  Extent  or  Assessment  thereof,  or  if  any  Doubt  arise 
upon  any  other  Thing  contained  within  this  Decree ;  that  then  upon 
Complaint  made  by  the  Party  grieved,  to  the  Mayor  of  the  City  of 
London  for  the  time  being,  the  said  Mayor,  by  the  Advice  of  Council, 
shall  call  the  said  Parties  before  him,  and  make  a  final  End  in  the 
same,  with  Costs  to  be  awarded  by  the  Discretion  of  the  said  Mayor 
and  his  Assistants,  according  to  the  Intent  and  Purport  of  this  present 
Decree. 

XX.  And  if  the  said  Mayor  make  not  an  End  thereof  within  Two 
Months  after  Complaint  to  him  made,  or  if  any  of  the  said  Parties 
find  themselves  aggrieved,  that  then  the  Lord  Chancellor  of  England 
for  the  time  being,  upon  complaint  to  him  made  within  Three  Months 
then  next  following,  shall  make  an  End  in  the  same,  with  such  Costs 
to  be  awarded  as  shall  be  thought  convenient,  according  to  the  Intent 
and  Purport  of  the  said  Decree. 

XXI.  Provided  always,  That  if  any  Person  or  Persons  take  any 
Tenement  for  a  less  Eent  than  it  was  accustomed  to  be  letten  for,  by 
reason  of  great  Euin  or  Decay,  brenning,  or  such  like  Occasions  or 
Misfortunes ;   that  then  such   Person  or  Persons,  his   Executors  or 
Assigns,  shall  pay  Tithes  only  after  the  Eate  of  the  Eent  reserved  in 
his  or  their  Lease,  and  none  otherwise,  as  long  as  the  same  Lease  shall 
endure. 


Appendix.  387 


Page  46. — An  Act  for  the  Relief  of  certain  Incumbents  of  Livings 
in  the  City  of  London. 

WHEREAS  by  an  Act,  passed  in  the  Twenty-second  and  Twenty- 
third  Years  of  the  Reign  of  his  late  Majesty  King  Charles  the  Second, 
intituled,  "  An  Act  for  the  better  Settlement  of  the  Maintenance  of 
the  Parsons,  Vicars,  and  Curates,  in  the  Parishes  of  the  City  of 
London,  burnt  by  the  late  dreadful  fire  there.  APTER  reciting,  that 
the  Tythes  in  the  City  of  London  were  levied  and  paid  with  great 
Inequality,  and  were,  since  the  late  dreadful  Pire  there,  in  the  re- 
building of  the  same,  by  taking  away  of  some  houses,  altering  the 
Poundations  of  many,  and  the  new  erecting  of  others,  so  disordered, 
that,  in  case  they  should  not  for  the  Time  to  come  be  reduced  to  a 
Certainty,  many  Controversies  and  Suits  at  law  might  thence  arise ; 
IT  was  Enacted,  That  the  Annual  certain  Tythes  of  all  and  every 
Parish  and  Parishes  within  the  said  City  of  London  and  the  Liberties 
thereof,  whose  Churches  had  been  demolished  or  in  part  consumed  by 
the  late  Pire,  and  which  said  Parishes,  by  virtue  of  an  Act  of  that 
Parliament,  intituled,  "  An  additional  Act  for  rebuilding  of  the  City 
of  London,  uniting  of  Parishes,  and  rebuilding  of  the  Cathedral  and 
Parochial  Churches  within  the  said  City,"  remained  and  continued 
single  as  theretofore  they  were,  or  were  by  the  said  Act  annexed  or 
united  into  one  Parish  respectively,  should  be  as  followeth  (that  is 
to  say)  The  Annual  certain  Tythes  or  Sum  of  Money  in  lieu  of 
Tythes, 

Of  the  Parish  of  Alhallows  Lombard  Street,  One  hundred  and  Ten 

Pounds ; 

Of  Saint  Bartholomew  Exchange,  One  hundred  Pounds  ; 
Of  Saint  Bridget  alias  Brides,  One  hundred  and  Twenty  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Bennet  Pink,  One  hundred  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Michael  Crooked  Lane,  One  hundred  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Christopher,  One  hundred  and  Twenty  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Diouis  Back  Church,  One  hundred  and  Twenty  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Dunstan  in  the  East,  Two  hundred  Pounds  ; 
Of  Saint  James  Grarlick-Hythe,  One  hundred  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Michael  Cornhill,  One  hundred  and  Porty  Pounds  ; 
Of  Saint  Michael  Bassishaw,  One  hundred  and  Thirty-two  Pounds 

Eleven  Shillings ; 

Of  Saint  Margaret  Lothbury,  One  hundred  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Mary  Aldermanbury,  One  hundred  and  Pifty  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Martin  Ludgate,  One  hundred  and  Sixty  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Peter  Cornhill,  One  hundred  and  Ten  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Stephen  Coleman  Street,  One  hundred  and  Ten  Pounds  ; 
Of  Saint  Sepulchre,  Two  hundred  Pounds ; 
Of  Alhallows  Bread  Street,  and  Saint  John  Evangelist,  One  Hundred 

and  Porty  Pounds ; 
Of  Alhallows    the    Great   and   Alhallows   the    Less,   Two    hundred 

Pounds  ; 

c  c  2 


388  Appendix. 

Of  Saint  Albans  "Wood  Street  and   Saint  Olaves   Silver  Street,  One 

hundred  and  Seventy  Pounds  ; 
Of  Saint  Anne  and  Agnes  and  Saint  John  Zachary,  One  hundred  and 

Forty  Pounds  ; 
Of  Saint  Augustin  and  Saint  Faith,  One  hundred  and  Seventy-two 

Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Andrew  "Wardrobe  and  Saint  Ann  Blackfriars,  One  hundred 

and  Forty  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Antholin  and  Saint  John  Baptist,  One  hundred  and  Twenty 

Pounds ; 
Of  Saint   Benet    G-racechurch  and    Saint    Leonard   Eastcheap,   One 

hundred  and  Forty  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Bennet  Paul's  Wharf  and  Saint  Peter  Paul's  Wharf,  One 

hundred  Pounds ; 
Of  Christ   Church    and  Saint  Leonard  Foster  Lane,  Two    hundred 

Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Edmond  the  King  and  St.  Nicholas  Aeons,  One  hundred  and 

Eighty  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  George  Botolph  Lane  and  Saint  Botolph  Billingsgate,  One 

hundred  and  Eighty  Pounds ; 

Of  Saint  Lawrence  Jury  and  Saint  Magdalen  Milk  Street,  One  hun- 
dred and  Twenty  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Magnus  and  Saint  Margaret  new  Fish  Street,  One  hundred 

and  Seventy  Pounds  ; 
Of  Saint  Michael  Eoyal  and  Saint  Martin  Yintry,  One  hundred  and 

Forty  Pounds  ; 
Of  Saint  Matthew  Friday  Street  and  Saint  Peter  Cheap,  One  hundred 

and  Fifty  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Margaret  Pattons  and  Saint  Gabriel  Fenchurch,  One  hundred 

and  Twenty  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Mary  at  Hill  and  Saint  Andrew  Hubbard,  Two  hundred 

Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Mary  Woolnoth  and  Saint  Mary  Woolchurch,  One  hundred 

and  Sixty  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Clement  Eastcheap  and  Saint  Martin  Orgars,  One  hundred 

and  Forty  Pounds  ; 
Of  Saint  Mary  Abchurch  and  Saint  Lawrence  Pountney,  One  hundred 

and  Twenty  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Mary  Aldermary  and  Saint  Thomas  Apostle,  One  hundred 

and  Fifty  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Mary  Le  Bow,  Saint  Pancras   Soper  Lane,  and  Alhallows 

Honey  Lane,  Two  Hundred  Pounds  ; 
Of  Saint  Mildred  Poultry  and  Saint  Mary  Cole  Church,  One  hundred 

and  Seventy  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Michael  Wood  Street  and  Saint  Mary  Staining,  One  hundred 

Pounds ; 

Of  Saint  Mildred  Bread  Street  and  Saint  Margaret  Moses,  One  hun- 
dred and  Thirty  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Michael  Queenhythe  and  Trinity,  One  hundred  and  Sixty 

Pounds ; 


Appendix.  389 

Of  Saint  Magdalen  Old  Fish  Street  and  Saint  Gregory,  One  hundred 

and  Twenty  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Mary  Somerset  and  Saint  Mary  Mounthaw,  One  hundred  and 

Ten  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Nicholas  Coleabby  and  Saint  Nicholas  Olaves,  One  hundred 

and  Thirty  Pounds  ; 

Of  Saint  Olave  Jewry  and  Saint  Martin,  Ironmonger  Lane,  One  hun- 
dred and  Twenty  Pounds  ; 
Of  Saint  Stephen  Walbrook  and  Saint  Bennet  Sheerhog,  One  hundred 

Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Swythin  and  Saint  Mary  Bothaw,  One  hundred  and  Forty 

Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Vedast  alias  Eorsters  and  Saint  Michael  Quern,  One  hundred 

and  Sixty  Pounds ; 

Which  respective  Sums  of  Money  to  be  paid  in  lieu  of  Tythes  within 
the  said  respective  Parishes,  and  assessed  as  thereinafter  is  directed, 
should  be  and  continue  to  be  esteemed,  deemed,  and  taken,  to  all 
Intents  and  Purposes,  to  be  the  respective  certain  Annual  Mainte- 
nance (over  and  above  Glebes  and  Perquisites,  Gifts  and  Bequests  to 
the  respective  Parson,  Vicar,  and  Curate  of  any  Parish  for  the  Time 
being,  or  to  his  or  their  respective  Successors,  or  to  other  Persons  for 
his  or  their  use)  of  the  said  respective  Parsons,  Vicars,  and  Curates, 
who  should  be  legally  instituted,  inducted,  and  admitted,  into  the  re- 
spective Parishes  aforesaid  :  And  that  the  said  several  Sums  of  Money 
for  Tythes  might  be  more  equally  assessed  upon  the  several  Houses, 
Buildings,  and  all  other  Hereditaments  whatsoever  within  all  the  said 
respective  Parishes,  It  was  Enacted,  That  the  Alderman  of  such  re- 
spective "Ward  or  Wards  within  the  said  City  wherein  any  of  the  said 
Parishes  respectively  lay,  and  his  or  their  Deputy  or  Deputies,  and  the 
Common  Councilmen  of  such  respective  Ward  or  Wards,  with  the 
Churchwardens  and  One  or  more  of  the  Parishioners  of  such  respective 
Parish  wherein  the  Maintenance  aforesaid  was  respectively  to  be 
assessed,  to  be  nominated  by  such  respective  Alderman,  Deputy, 
Common  Councilmen,  and  Churchwardens,  or  any  Five  of  them, 
whereof  the  Alderman  or  his  Deputy  to  be  one,  should  in  the  Manner 
therein  directed,  assemble  and  meet  together ;  and  that  they,  or  the 
major  Part  of  them  so  assembled,  should  proportionably  assess  upon 
all  Houses,  Shops,  Warehouses  and  Cellars,  Wharfs,  Keys,  Cranes, 
Waterhouses,  (which  Waterhouses  should  pay  in  their  respective 
Parishes  where  they  stood,  and  not  elsewhere)  and  Tofts  of  Ground 
(remaining  unbuilt)  and  all  other  Hereditaments  whatsoever  (except 
Parsonage  and  Vicarage  Houses)  the  whole  respective  Sum  by  that 
Act  appointed,  or  so  much  of  it  as  was  more  than  what  each  Impro- 
priator  was  by  that  Act  enjoined  respectively  to  allow,  in  the  most 
equal  way  that  the  said  Assessors,  according  to  the  best  of  their  Judg- 
ments, could  make  it ;  and  such  Regulations  were  made  for  effecting 
the  Purposes  of  the  said  Act  as  therein  are  mentioned :  And  it  was 
amongst  other  Things  further  Enacted,  That  for  the  surer  and  better 
Payment  of  the  said  respective  Sums  of  Money  so  to  be  assessed 


390  Appendix. 

and  taxed  towards  the  raising  of  the  said  Maintenance  of  the 
respective  Parsons,  Vicars,  and  Curates  of  the  said  respective  Parishes 
as  aforesaid,  all  and  every  such  respective  Sum  and  Sums  of  Money  so 
to  be  assessed  and  taxed  as  aforesaid  towards  the  raising  of  the  said 
Maintenance  of  the  said  respective  Parsons,  Yicars,  and  Curates  of  the 
said  respective  Parishes,  should  be  paid  to  the  said  respective  Parsons, 
Yicars,  and  Curates,  and  their  Successors  respectively,  at  the  Four 
usual  Feasts  (that  is  to  say)  at  the  Annunciation  of  theBlessed  Yirgin 
Mary,  the  Nativity  of  Saint  John  the  Baptist,  the  Feast  of  Saint 
Michael  the  Archangel,  and  the  Nativity  of  our  Blessed  Saviour,  or 
within  Fourteen  Days  after  each  of  the  said  Feasts,  by  equal  Pay- 
ments :  And'in  any  Parish  or  Parishes  where  any  Impropriations  were, 
It  was  Enacted,  That  all  and  every  the  Impropriator  or  Impropriators 
of  any  of  the  said  Parishes,  should  pay  and  allow  what  really  and  bond 
fide  they  had  used  and  ought  to  pay  and  satisfy  to  the  respective 
Incumbent  of  such  respective  Parish,  at  any  Time  before  the  said  late 
Fire,  and  that  the  same  should  be  esteemed  and  computed  as  Part  of 
the  Maintenance  of  such  Incumbent,  notwithstanding  that  Act  or  any 
Clause  or  Matter  or  Thing  therein  contained : 

And  whereas,  since  the  passing  of  the  said  recited  Act  the  Bectory 
of  the  aforesaid  Parish  of  Saint  Christopher  hath,  by  an  Act  passed  in 
the  Twenty-first  Year  of  the  Eeign  of  His  present  Majesty,  been 
united  to  the  Eectory  of  the  aforesaid  Parish  of  Saint  Margaret 
Lothbury,  and  there  is  now  but  one  Incumbent  of  the  said  united 
Bectories  : 

And  whereas  the  said  recited  Act  hath  failed  in  providing  a  proper 
Maintenance  for  the  Parsons,  Yicars,  and  Curates  in  the  said  Parishes, 
inasmuch  as  the  respective  Incomes  being  by  the  said  Act  fixed  at  very 
low  Eates,  the  same  are,  by  the  decreased  Yalue  of  Money,  the  en- 
hanced Price  of  all  the  Necessaries  of  Life,  and  by  various  other 
Circumstances  peculiarly  attached  to  the  Incumbents  of  the  City  of 
London,  become  greatly  insufficient  for  the  due  Support  of  their  Situa- 
tion and  Character  ;  it  hath  been  therefore  deemed  expedient  for  their 
Belief  to  make  such  Alterations  in  the  said  in  part  recited  Act  as  are 
hereinafter  expressed  and  contained ; 

Be  it  therefore  Enacted  by  the  King's  Most  Excellent  Majesty, 
by  and  with  the  Advice  and  Consent  of  the  Lords  Spiritual  and  Tem- 
poral, and  Commons,  in  this  present  Parliament  assembled,  and  by  the 
Authority  of  the  same,  That,  instead  of  the  Annual  Tythes  of  all  and 
every  Parish  and  Parishes  within  the  City  of  London  and  the  Liberties 
thereof,  whose  Churches  were  demolished  or  in  Part  consumed  by  the 
Fire  mentioned  in  the  said  recited  Act,  the  Annual  certain  Tythes  or 
Sums  of  Money  in  lieu  of  Tythes,  of  and  for  the  Parish  and  Parishes 
within  the  said  City  and  Liberties  hereinafter  enumerated,  shall,  from 
and  after  the  Twenty-ninth  Day  of  September  One  thousand  Eight 
Hundred  and  Four,  be  as  follows  (that  is  to  say) 

Of  the  Parish  of  Alhallows  Lombard  Street,  Two  Hundred  Pounds  ; 
Of  Saint  Bartholomew  Exchange,  Two  Hundred  Pounds  ; 


Appendix.  391 

Of  Saint  Bridget  alias  Brides,  Two  Hundred  Pounds  ; 

Of  Saint  Bennet  Fink,  Two  Hundred  Pounds  ; 

Of  Saint  Michael  Crooked  Lane,  Two  Hundred  Pounds ; 

Of  Saint  Dionis  Back  Church,  Two  Hundred  Pounds ; 

Of  Saint    Duustan  in  the   East,  Three   Hundred    and    Thirty- three 

Pounds  Six  Shillings  and  Eight  Pence  ; 
Of  Saint  James  Garlick  Hythe,  Two  Hundred  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Michael  Cornhill,  Two  hundred  and  Thirty-three  Pounds  Six 

Shillings  and  Eight  Pence  ; 
Of  Saint   Michael    Bassishaw,    Two   hundred   and    Twenty   Pounds 

Eighteen  Shillings  and  Pour  Pence  ; 

Of  Saint  Mary  Aldermanbury,  Two  hundred  and  Fifty  Pounds  ; 
Of   Saint    Martin    Ludgate,    Two    Hundred    and    Sixty-six    Pounds 

Thirteen  Shillings  and  Four  Pence ; 
Of  Saint  Peter  Cornhill,  Two  hundred  Pounds  ; 
Of  Saint  Stephen  Coleman  Street,  Two  hundred  Poundi  ; 
Of  Saint  Sepulchre,   Three  hundred  and   Thirty-three    Pounds    Six 

Shillings  and  Eight  Pence  ; 
Of  Alhallows  Bread  Street  and  Saint  John  Evangelist,  Two  hundred 

and  Thirty-three  Pounds  Six  Shillings  and  Eight  Pence ; 
Of  Alhallows  the  Great  and  Alhallows  the  Less,  Three  hundred  and 

Thirty-three  Pounds  Six  Shillings  and  Eight  Pence ; 
Of  Saint  Albans  Wood  Street  and  Saint  Olaves  Silver  Street,  Two 

hundred   and   Eighty-Three  Pounds    Six    Shillings    and    Eight 

Pence ; 
Of  Saint  Anne  and  Agnes,  and  Saint  John  Zachary,  Two  hundred  and 

Thirty-three  Pounds  Six  Shillings  and  Eight  Pence ; 
Of  Saint   Augustin  and   Saint  Faith,  Two  hundred  and  Eighty-six 

Pounds  Thirteen  Shillings  and  Four  Pence ; 
Of  Saint  Andrew  "Wardrobe  and  Saint  Anne  Blackfriars,  Two  hundred 

and  Thirty-three  Pounds  Six  Shillings  and  Eight  Pence ; 
Of  Saint  Antholin  and  Saint  John  Baptist,  Two  hundred  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Bennet  Grace  Church  and  Saint  Leonard  East  Cheap,  Two 

hundred     and    Thirty-three    Pounds   Six    Shillings   and   Eight 

Pence ; 
Of  Saint  Bennet  Paul's  Wharf,  and  Saint  Peter  Paul's  Wharf,  Two 

hundred  Pounds  ; 
Of  Christ  Church  and  Saint  Leonard  Foster  Lane,  Three  hundred  and 

Thirty-three  Pounds  Six  Shillings  and  Eight  Pence ; 
Of  Saint    Edmond    the    King    and    Saint    Nicholas  Aeons,    Three 

hundred  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint   George  Botolph  Lane  and  St.  Botolph,  Billingsgate,  Three 

hundred  Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Lawrence  Jewry  and  Saint  Magdalen  Milk   Street,    Two 

hundred  Pounds  ; 
Of  Saint  Margaret  Lothbury  and  Saint  Christopher,  Three  hundred 

and  Sixty-six  Pounds  Thirteen  Shillings  and  Four  Pence ; 
Of  Saint  Magnus  and  Saint  Margaret  New  Fish  Street,  Two  hundred 

and  Eighty-three  Pounds  Six  Shillings  and  Eight  Pence  j 


392  Appendix. 

Of  Saint  Michael  Hoyal  and  Saint  Martin  Vintry,  Two  hundred  and 

Thirty-three  Pounds  Six  Shillings  and  Eight  Pence ; 
Of  Saint  Mat  hew  Friday  Street  and  Saint  Peter  Cheap,  Two  hundred 

and  Fifty  Pounds  ; 
Of  Saint  Margaret  Pattons    and    Saint   Gabriel    Fen    Church,  Two 

hundred  Pounds  ; 
Of  Saint  Mary  at  Hill  and  Saint  Andrew  Hubbard,  Three  hundred 

and  Thirty-three  Pounds  Six  Shillings  and  Eight  Pence ; 
Of  Saint  Mary  Woolnoth  and  Saint  Mary  Woolchurch,  Two  hundred 

and  Sixty-six  Pounds  Thirteen  Shillings  and  Four  Pence  ; 
Of  Saint  Clement  Eastcheap  and  Saint  Martin  Orgars,  Two  hundred 

and  Thirty-three  Pounds  Six  Shillings  and  Eight  Pence ; 
Of  Saint  Mary  Abchurch  and  Saint  Lawrence  Pountney,  Two  hundred 

Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Mary  Aldermary  and  Saint  Thomas  Apostles,  Two  hundred 

and  Fifty  Pounds  ; 
Of  Saint  Mary  le  Bow,   Saint   Pancras   Soper  Lane  and  Alhallows 

Honey    Lane,    Three   hundred    and    Thirty-three    Pounds    Six 

Shillings  and  Eight  Pence ; 
Of  Saint  Mildred  Poultry  and  Saint  Mary  Colechurch,  Two  hundred 

and  Eighty -three  Pounds  Six  Shillings  and  Eight  Pence  ; 
Of  Saint  Michael  Wood  Street  and  Saint  Mary  Staining,  Two  hundred 

Pounds ; 
Of  Saint   Mildred   Bread    Street    and    Saint   Margaret  Moses,  Two 

hundred  and  Sixteen  Pounds  Thirteen  Shillings  and  Four  Pence ; 
Of  Saint  Michael  Queenhithe  and  Trinity,  Two  hundred  and  Sixty-six 

Pounds  Thirteen  Shillings  and  Four  Pence  ; 
Of  Saint  Magdalen  Old  Fish  Street  and  Saint  Gregory,  Two  hundred 

Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Mary  Somerset  and  Saint  Mary  Mounthaw,  Two  hundred 

Pounds ; 
Of  Saint  Nicholas  Coleabby  and  Saint  Nicholas  Olaves,  Two  hundred 

and  Sixteen  Pounds  Thirteen  Shillings  and  Four  Pence  ; 
Of  Saint   Olave  Jewry   and   Saint   Martin   Ironmonger   Lane,  Two 

hundred  Pounds  ; 
Of  Saint  Stephen  Walbrook  and  Saint  Bennet  Sheerhog,  Two  hundred 

Pounds  ; 

Of  Saint  Swithin  and  Saint  Mary  Bothaw,  Two  hundred  and  Thirty- 
three  Pounds  Six  Shillings  and  Eight  Pence  ; 
Of  Saint  Yedast  alias  Fosters  and  Saint  Michael  Quern,  Two  hundred 

and  Sixty-six  Pounds  Thirteen  Shillings  and  Four  Pence  ; 

And  be  it  further  Enacted,  That  the  said  respective  Sums  of  Money 
to  be  paid  in  lieu  of  Tythes  within  the  said  respective  Parishes,  shall 
be  and  continue  to  be  esteemed,  deemed,  and  taken,  to  all  Intents  and 
Purposes,  to  be  the  respective  certain  Annual  Maintenance  (over  and 
above  Glebes  and  Perquisites,  Gifts  and  Bequests,  to  the  respective 
Parson,  Yicar,  and  Curate  of  any  Parish  for  the  Time  being,  or  to  his 
or  their  respective  Successors,  or  to  other  Persons  for  his  or  their 
Use)  of  the  said  respective  Parsons,  Vicars,  and  Curates,  legally  in- 


Appendix.  393 

stituted,  inducted,  and  admitted  into  the  respective  Parishes  afore- 


And  in  order  that  the  said  several  Sums  of  Money  in  lieu  of 
Tythes,  may  be  more  equally  assessed  upon  the  several  Houses, 
Buildings,  and  all  other  Hereditaments  whatsoever,  within  all  the  said 
Parishes ;  BE  it  further  Enacted,  that  the  Alderman  or  Aldermen  of 
such  respective  Ward  or  Wards,  within  the  said  City,  wherein  any  of 
the  said  Parishes  respectively  lie,  and  his  or  their  Deputy  or  Deputies, 
and  the  Common  Councilmen  of  such  respective  Ward  or  Wards,  with 
the  Churchwarden  or  Churchwardens,  if  there  should  be  only  One, 
and  any  One  or  more  of  the  Parishioners  of  the  respective  Parish 
wherein  the  Maintenance  aforesaid  is  respectively  to  be  assessed,  to  be 
nominated  by  such  Alderman  or  Aldermen,  Deputy  or  Deputies, 
Common  Councilmen  and  Church  Wardens,  or  Church  Warden,  or 
any  five  or  more  of  them,  whereof  the  Alderman  or  Aldermen,  or  his 
or  their  Deputy  or  Deputies,  to  be  One  or  Two,  shall  at  some  con- 
venient and  seasonable  Time  before  the  Thirty-first  Day  of  July  next 
after  the  passing  of  this  Act,  assemble  and  meet  together  in  some  con- 
venient Place,  within  every  of  the  respective  Parishes,  wherein  the 
Maintenance  aforesaid  is  to  be  assessed,  and  the  said  Alderman  or 
Aldermen,  Deputy  or  Deputies,  Common  Councilmen,  and  Church- 
wardens or  Churchwarden,  and  Parishioner  or  Parishioners  to  be 
nominated  as  aforesaid,  or  the  major  Part  of  them  so  assembled,  shall 
proportionably  assess  upon  all  Houses,  Shops,  Warehouses,  and  Cellars, 
Wharfs,  Keys,  Cranes,  Waterhouses  (which  Waterhouses  shall  pay 
in  the  respective  Parishes  where  they  stand,  and  not  elsewhere),  and 
Tofts  of  Ground  remaining  unbuilt,  and  all  other  Hereditaments  what- 
soever (except  Parsonage  and  Vicarage  Houses),  the  whole  respective 
Sum  by  this  Act  appointed,  or  so  much  of  it  as  shall  exceed  what  each 
Impropriator  is  hereinafter  by  this  Act  enjoined  respectively  to  allow 
in  the  most  equal  Way  that  the  said  Assessors  according  to  the  best 
of  their  Judgment  can  make  it ;  which  said  Assessments  shall  be 
made  ana  finished  before  the  twenty-first  day  of  August  then  next 
ensuing. 

And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  if  any  Doubt  or  Variance  shall 
happen  to  arise  about  any  Sum  so  assessed  as  aforesaid,  or  if  any 
Parishioner  or  Parishioners,  or  Owner  or  Owners  of  any  House  or 
other  Hereditaments  hereby  directed  to  be  assessed  within  any  of  the 
said  Parishes,  shall  find  himself,  herself,  or  themselves  aggrieved  by 
the  assessing  of  any  Sum  or  Sums  of  money,  in  Manner  and  Form 
aforesaid,  then  upon  complaint  made  by  the  Party  or  Parties  aggrieved, 
to  the  Lord  Mayor  and  Court  of  Aldermen  of  the  said  City,  within 
Fourteen  Days  after  Notice  given  to  the  Party  or  Parties  of  such 
Assessment  made,  the  said  Lord  Mayor  and  Court  of  Aldermen  sum- 
moning as  well  the  Party  or  Parties  aggrieved,  as  the  Alderman  or 
Aldermen,  or  Deputy  or  Deputies,  Common  Councilmen,  Church- 
wardens or  Churchwarden,  and  such  others  as  shall  make  the  said 
Assessment,  or  the  Survivors  of  them,  shall  hear  and  determine  the 
same,  in  a  summary  Way,  and  the  Judgment  by  them  given  shall  be 
final  and  without  Appeal ;  and  if  no  such  Parishioner  or  Parishionera 


394  Appendix. 

shall  be  nominated  in  the  Manner  and  for  the  Purpose  aforesaid,  or 
being  so  nominated,  if  the  said  Alderman  or  Aldermen,  Deputy  or 
Deputies,  Common  Councilrnen,  Churchwardens  or  Churchwarden, 
and  Parishioner  or  Parishioners  so  appointed,  shall  after  Summons 
and  Request  made  in  that  Behalf  unto  them,  by  the  Lord  Mayor  and 
Court  of  Aldermen,  or  the  Incumbent  or  Incumbents  of  any  of  the 
said  respective  Parishes,  refuse  or  neglect  to  meet  and  make  such 
Assessments  as  aforesaid,  then  and  in  either  of  such  Cases  it  shall  and 
may  be  lawful  to  and  for  the  Lord  Mayor  and  Court  of  Aldermen  of 
the  said  City,  and  they  are  hereby  required,  on  Application  of  the 
Incumbent  or  Incumbents  of  the  said  respective  Parishes,  to  authorise 
and  appoint  any  other  Person  or  Persons  to  make  such  Assessment  or 
Assessments  for  the  Purposes  aforesaid. 

And  be  it  further  Enacted,  That  if  in  all  or  any  of  the  aforesaid 
Parishes,  it  shall  appear  necessary  to  the  Parishioners  specially 
convened  by  the  Churchwardens  or  Churchwarden  for  the  Purpose, 
and  assembled  in  Vestry,  at  the  End  of  Seven  Years  from  the  Time 
of  passing  this  Act,  and  so  from  Time  to  Time  at  the  Expiration  of 
every  Seven  Years,  afterwards  to  review  and  alter  the  respective 
Assessments  to  be  made  in  pursuance  of  this  Act,  and  to  make  in  all 
or  any  of  the  said  Parishes,  a  new  Assessment  and  Hate,  or  Assess- 
ments and  Rates,  in  lieu  of  the  then  preceding  Assessments  for  the 
Purpose  of  raising  the  Sum  and  Sums  of  Money  by  this  Act  directed 
to  be  raised  and  paid  as  aforesaid,  then  that  the  Alderman  or  Alder- 
men of  the  respective  Ward  or  Wards  within  the  said  City,  wherein 
such  Parish  or  Parishes  shall  respectively  lie,  and  his  or  their  Deputy 
or  Deputies,  and  the  Common  Councilmen  of  such  respective  Ward 
or  Wards,  with  the  Churchwardens  or  Churchwarden,  and  One  or 
more  of  the  Parishioners  of  the  respective  Parish  wherein  such 
Assessment  shall  appear  necessary  (which  Parishioner  or  Parishioners 
shall  be  nominated  as  before  directed)  shall  in  like  manner  as  herein- 
before is  mentioned,  assemble  and  meet  together  within  Fourteen 
Days  after  such  Nomination,  and  they  or  the  major  Part  of  them  so 
assembled  shall  then  and  there  proportionably  assess  and  rate  upon 
the  respective  Houses  and  other  Hereditaments  hereby  directed  to  be 
assessed,  the  respective  Sums  by  this  Act  directed  to  be  raised  and 
paid  as  hereinbefore  is  mentioned,  and  that  every  such  new  Assess- 
ment and  Rate  shall  be  liable  to  the  like  Appeals  as  aforesaid,  and 
shall  be  collected,  levied,  and  paid  in  like  Manner  as  the  first  Assess- 
ment or  Rate  mentioned  in  this  Act  may  or  ought  to  be  collected, 
levied,  and  paid. 

And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  said  Assessors  within  Four- 
teen Days  after  any  Assessment  shall  have  been  made,  and  the 
respective  Appeals  (if  any  be)  determined,  shall  make  four  Tran- 
scripts thereof  in  Writing,  containing  the  respective  Sums  to  be 
payable,  or  appointed  to  be  paid  out  of  all  and  every  the  Premises 
assessable  within  such  respective  Parish,  and  subscribe  the  same  with 
their  respective  Names,  and  that  within  Twenty  Days  after  such 
Subscription  as  aforesaid,  One  of  the  said  Transcripts  shall  be  sent  to 
the  Lord  Mayor  of  the  City  of  London,  and  deposited  in  the  Town 


Appendix.  395 

Clerk's  Office  of  the  said  City,  and  there  kept  and  preserved  among 
the  Records  of  the  said  City,  for  a  perpetual  Memorial  thereof; 
another  of  the  said  Transcripts  shall  be  deposited  in  the  Eegistry  of 
the  Consistory  Court  of  the  Lord  Bishop  of  London,  to  be  kept  and 
preserved  as  aforesaid ;  another  of  the  said  Transcripts  shall  remain 
and  be  kept  in  the  Vestry  of  such  respective  Parish,  for  a  perpetual 
Memorial,  as  before  mentioned,  and  the  remaining  Transcript  shall  be 
delivered  within  Three  Days  after  such  Subscription  to  the  Incumbent 
of  such  respective  Parish,  and  the  said  Assessment  shall  continue  in 
force  and  be  acted  upon  until  any  new  Assessment  shall  be  made  in 
pursuance  of  this  Act. 

And,  for  the  further  and  better  Payment  of  the  said  respective 
Sums  of  Money  so  to  be  assessed  or  taxed,  towards  raising  the  Main- 
tenance of  the  said  respective  Parsons,  Vicars,  and  Curates  of  the 
said  respective  Parishes  as  aforesaid ;  BE  it  further  Enacted.  That  all 
and  every  such  respective  Sum  and  Sums  of  Money  so  to  be  assessed 
and  taxed  as  aforesaid,  towards  the  raising  of  the  said  Maintenance, 
shall  be  payable  to  the  said  respective  Parsons,  Vicars,  and  Curates 
of  the  said  respective  Parishes,  and  their  Successors  respectively,  or 
their  Agents,  B/eceivers,  or  Collectors,  on  the  following  Days  in  every 
Year,  that  is  to  say,  the  twenty-fifth  day  of  December,  the  twenty- 
fifth  Day  of  March,  the  twenty-fourth  Day  of  June,  and  the  Twenty- 
ninth  Day  of  September,  or  within  Thirty  Days  after  each  of  the  said 
Days,  by  equal  Payments,  free  and  clear  of  all  Manner  of  Taxes, 
Assessments,  and  Deductions  whatsoever,  affecting  the  said  respective 
Sums  of  Money. 

And  whereas  in  certain  of  the  Parishes  hereinbefore  named  there 
are  Impropriations ;  and  the  Impropriators  were,  as  hereinbefore  is 
mentioned,  by  the  said  recited  Act  directed  to  pay  and  allow  what 
really  and  bond  fide  they  had  used  and  ought  to  have  paid  and  satisfied 
to  the  respective  Incumbents  of  the  said  Parishes  before  the  said  Fire, 
which  said  Payments  were  to  be  esteemed  and  computed  as  Part  of  the 
Maintenance  of  such  Incumbents ;  BE  it  therefore  further  Enacted, 
That  in  the  Parishes  of  Saint  Bridget  otherwise  Saint  Bride's,  Saint 
Bennet  Finck,  Saint  Mary  Aldermanbury,  Saint  Stephen  Coleman 
Street,  Alhallows  the  Less,  Christ  Church,  Saint  Lawrence  Jewry, 
Saint  Lawrence  Pountney,  and  Saint  Mary  Cole  Church,  the  Impro- 
priators shall  continue  to  allow  and  pay  to  the  respective  Incumbents 
of  the  same  Parishes  what  they  have  been  accustomed  to  allow  and 
pay  before  and  since  the  passing  of  the  said  recited  Act  of  the  twenty- 
second  and  twenty-third  Years  of  the  Reign  of  King  Charles  the 
Second,  which  said  Sums  shall  be  paid  to  the  Incumbents  of  the  same 
respective  Parishes,  in  part  of  the  respective  Sums  hereinbefore  ap- 
pointed to  be  the  certain  Annual  Maintenance  of  the  same  respective 
Incumbents. 

And  whereas  Two-third  Parts  of  the  Impropriate  Tythes  of  the 
Parish  of  Saint  Sepulchre  are  vested  in  Trustees,  in  Trust  for  the 
Parishioners  of  that  Parish ;  and  the  Vicar  of  the  said  Parish  is 
endowed  with  the  remaining  Third  Part  of  the  said  Impropriate 
Tythes  j  BE  it  therefore  further  Enacted,  That  the  said  Vicar  shall 


396  Appendix. 

from  and  after  the  twenty-ninth  Day  of  September  One  Thousand 
Eight  hundred  and  Four,  receive  the  full  Sum  directed  by  this  Act  to 
be  paid  him  for  his  Maintenance,  in  lieu  of  the  Third  Part  of  the  said 
Impropriate  Tythes,  to  which  by  virtue  of  his  Endowment  he  is  entitled, 
from  the  several  Inhabitants,  of  or  from  or  out  of,  or  for  or  in  respect 
of  the  several  Houses,  Tenements,  and  other  Hereditaments  situated 
within  that  Part  of  the  said  Parish  of  Saint  Sepulchre,  which  lies 
within  the  Liberties  of  the  City  of  London,  but  exclusive  of  and  over 
and  above  the  Third  Part  of  the  Tythes  to  which  he  is  entitled,  from 
the  Inhabitants,  of  or  from  or  out  of,  or  for  or  in  respect  of  the 
several  Houses,  Tenements,  or  other  Hereditaments  situate  within 
that  Part  of  the  said  Parish  which  lies  within  the  County  of 
Middlesex;  and  that  from  and  after  the  said  twenty-ninth  Day  of 
September,  One  thousand  Eight  hundred  and  Four,  the  said  Third 
Part  of  the  said  Impropriate  Tythes,  due  from  the  Inhabitants,  of  or 
from  or  out  of,  or  in  respect  of  the  several  Houses,  Tenements,  or 
other  Hereditaments  situate  within  that  Part  of  the  said  Parish  of 
Saint  Sepulchre  which  lies  within  the  said  Liberties  of  the  City 
of  London,  shall  cease  and  determine,  and  be  no  longer  paid  or 
payable. 

And  whereas  in  several  of  the  aforesaid  Parishes  divers  Houses 
and  other  Buildings  have  been  taken  down,  for  the  Improvement  of 
the  City  of  London,  by  Order  of  the  Lord  Mayor,  Aldermen,  and 
Common  Council  of  the  said  City,  or  have  been  taken  down  or  altered 
by  other  Corporate  Bodies  or  Public  Companies  or  Persons,  for  other 
Purposes  ;  and  as  a  Compensation  in  respect  thereof,  certain  Yearly 
Sums  have  been  regularly  paid  by  the  Chamber  of  the  said  City,  or 
by  such  Corporate  Bodies  or  Public  Companies,  or  Persons,  to  the 
Incumbents  of  the  Parishes  wherein  the  House  and  Buildings  so 
taken  down  were  respectively  situate,  which  Yearly  Sums  are  equal 
to  the  Yearly  Sums  paid  under  the  before  recited  Act  to  the  said 
Incumbents,  in  respect  of  the  said  Houses  and  other  Buildings  so 
taken  down ;  and  it  may  happen  that  other  Houses  and  Buildings 
may  be  hereafter  taken  down  or  altered  for  similar  Purposes ;  BE  it 
therefore  further  Enacted,  that  the  several  Yearly  Sums  of  Money, 
which  such  Incumbents  respectively  have  been  accustomed  or  are  or 
may  be  entitled  to  receive  from  the  Chamber  of  London,  or  from  any 
other  Corporate  Body  or  Bodies,  Company  or  Companies,  or  from  any 
Person  or  Persons  whomsoever,  in  respect  of  the  said  Houses  and 
other  Buildings  so  taken  down,  shall  respectively  be  and  continue  to 
be  paid  and  payable  to  the  said  Incumbents  respectively,  and  their 
respective  Successors,  in  Aid  and  as  Part  of  the  several  Sums  herein- 
before authorized  to  be  raised  by  Assessments  ,  for  the  Benefit  of  the 
said  Incumbents  respectively,  but  so  nevertheless  as  not  to  exonerate 
any  Dwellinghouse,  Shop,  Warehouse,  or  other  Building,  in  the 
Occupation  of  any  private  Person  or  Persons,  from  the  Payment  of 
the  Sum  or  Sums  for  Tythes  or  in  lieu  of  Tythes  to  be  assessed  by 
virtue  of  this  Act;  but  that  the  said  Sum  or  Sums  to  be  so  assessed 
and  paid  for  or  in  respect  of  any  such  Dwellinghouse,  Shop,  Ware- 
house, or  other  Building,  shall  be  received  and  taken  by  the  Incumbent 


Appendix.  397 

ui.  any  Parish  in  which  the  same  shall  be  situate,  in  part  of  the  Sum  or 
Sums  by  this  Act  authorized  to  be  raised  for  the  benefit  of  such 
respective  Incumbent. 

And  be  it  further  Enacted,  That  if  any  of  the  Inhabitants  in  any 
of  the  respective  Parishes  aforesaid,  shall  refuse  or  neglect  to  pay  to 
the  respective  Incumbents  of  any  of  the  said  respective  Parishes  any 
Sum  or  Sums  of  Money  to  him  or  them  respectively  payable,  or 
appointed  to  be  paid  by  virtue  of  this  Act,  or  any  Part  thereof,  con- 
trary to  the  true  Intent  and  Meaning  of  this  Act,  (being  lawfully 
demanded  by  the  said  respective  Incumbents,  or  their  Agents  or 
Receivers,  or  Collectors,  either  in  Person  or  by  "Writing  left  at  the 
House  or  Houses,  Wharf,  Quay,  Crane,  Cellar,  or  other  Premises  out 
of  which  the  same  is  payable)  that  then  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  Lord 
Mayor  or  any  other  Magistrate  of  the  City  of  London  for  the  Time 
being,  upon  oath  to  be  made  before  him  of  such  Refusal  or  Neglect, 
to  give  and  grant  Warrants  for  the  Officer  or  Person  appointed  to 
collect  the  same,  with  the  Assistance  of  a  Constable,  in  the  Day  Time, 
to  levy  the  same  Sums  of  Money  so  due  and  in  Arrear  and  unpaid,  by 
Distress  and  Sale  of  the  Goods  and  Chattels  of  the  Party  or  Parties 
so  refusing  or  neglecting  to  pay,  or  the  Goods  and  Chattels  of  the 
Occupier  or  Occupiers  for  the  time  being  of  the  Tenements  or  Here- 
ditaments in  respect  whereof  such  Arrears  shall  be  due  or  owing, 
restoring  to  the  Owner  or  Owners  the  Overplus  of  such  Goods,  or 
the  Overplus  of  the  Monies  produced  by  such  Sale,  over  and  above 
the  said  Arrears  of  the  said  Monies  so  due  and  unpaid,  and  the  reason- 
able Charges  of  making  such  Distress,  which  he  is  to  deduct  out  of 
the  Monies  raised  by  Sale  of  such  Goods. 

Provided  always  nevertheless,  and  it  is  hereby  further  Enacted  and 
Declared,  That  notwithstanding  any  thing  hereinbefore  contained,  in 
case,  and  when  and  so  often  as  all  or  any  of  the  respective  Annual 
Maintenances  or  Sums  by  this  Act  appointed  to  be  raised  and  paid,  or 
so  much  of  them  respectively,  or  any  of  them,  as  shall  exceed  what 
the  respective  Impropriators  before  mentioned  are  by  this  Act  enjoined 
respectively  to  allow,  shall  respectively  be  assessed  and  raised,  by  the 
"Ways  and  Means  and  in  the  Manner  hereinafter  authorized  and 
directed,  and  paid  to  the  said  respective  Incumbents,  or  their  respective 
Agents  or  Collectors,  or  Receivers,  within  Thirty  Days  next  after 
the  several  Quarterly  Days  hereinbefore  appointed  for  the  Payment 
thereof,  without  any  Deduction  or  Abatement  whatsoever,  then  and 
in  every  such  Case,  from  Time  to  Time,  such  of  the  same  respective 
Annual  Maintenances  or  Sums,  or  such  Part  or  Parts  thereof  respec- 
tively as  shall  be  so  paid,  shall  not  be  raised  or  paid  as  hereinbefore  is 
directed  but  by  the  Ways  and  Means,  and  in  the  Manner  hereinafter 
authorized  and  appointed  in  that  behalf. 

And  be  it  further  Enacted,  That  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  Church- 
wardens or  Churchwarden  (if  but  one)  of  the  respective  Parishes 
wherein  the  Maintenances  aforesaid  are  respectively  to  be  assessed, 
and  to  and  for  any  One  or  more  of  the  Parishioners,  to  be  Yearly 
appointed  in  Vestry  by  the  Inhabitants  of  such  respective  Parishes 
(the  first  of  such  Vestries  in  each  Parish  to  be  summoned  by  the  said 


398  Appendix. 

respective  Churchwardens  or  Churchwarden,  and  held  within  twenty- 
one  Days  next  after  the  passing  of  this  Act)  to  assemble  and  meet 
together  Yearly  and  every  Tear  at  some  convenient  and  seasonable 
Time  before  the  thirty-first  Day  of  July  next  after  such  Appointment, 
in  some   convenient    Place  within  every  of  the  respective   Parishes 
wherein  the  Maintenances  aforesaid  are  to  be  assessed ;  and  the  said 
Churchwardens  or  Churchwarden,  and  the  Parishioner  or  Parishioners 
to  be  appointed  as  aforesaid,  or  the  major  Part  of  them,  so  assembled 
in  and  for  each  respective  Parish,  are  hereby  authorized  and  empowered 
Yearly  before  the  twenty-first  Day  of  August  in  every  Year,  by  an 
equal  Eate  upon  all  Houses,   Shops,  Warehouses,   Cellars,  "Wharfs, 
Quays,   Cranes,  Waterhouses   (each    Waterhouse  to  be    paid    for  in 
the  Parish  where  it  stands  only)  Tofts  of  Ground,  remaining   unbuilt, 
or  other   Hereditament  or  Hereditaments  whatsoever  (except   Par- 
sonage and  Vicarage  Houses)  within  such  respective  Parish,  to  assess 
the  whole  of  the  respective  Sum  by  this  Act  appointed  to  be  paid 
in  lieu  of  Tythes  within  such  respective  Parish,  for  or  towards  such 
Maintenance  as  aforesaid,  or  so  much  of  it  as  shall  exceed  what  the 
respective  Impropriators  (if  any)  are  hereinbefore  by  this  Act  enjoined 
respectively   to   allow,  together   with   the    Charges    of  making  such 
respective  Hate  or  Assessment,  and  collecting  the  Money  so  assessed, 
and  all  other  incidental  Charges  relating  thereto,  the  same  to  be  pay- 
able and  paid  Quarterly  on  the  several  Days  first  hereinbefore  appointed 
for  the  payment  of  the  said  Maintenance ;   and  the  said  Churchwar- 
dens or  Churchwarden,  and  Parishioner  or  Parishioners,  to  be  Yearly 
appointed  as  aforesaid,  or  the  major  part  of  them  so  assembled  in 
and  for  each  respective  Parish    shall  and  they  are    hereby  further 
authorized  to  collect  and  receive  the  sums  so  by  them  to  be  assessed, 
as  and   when  the  same  shall  become   due,  and  with  or  out  of  the 
same  or  otherwise,  to  pay  and  discharge  the  respective  Maintenance 
for  and  in  respect  whereof  the  same  shall  have  been  assessed  respec- 
tively, within  Thirty  Days  next  after  each  Quarterly  Day  of  Payment 
first  hereinbefore  appointed  for  the  payment  of  such   Maintenance, 
without  any  Deduction  or  Abatement  whatsoever  and  thereupon  also 
to  retain,  pay,  and  discharge  all  such  incidental  Charges  and  Expenses 
as  aforesaid. 

And  be  it  further  Enacted,  That  in  case  any  Person  or  Persons 
shall  think  himself,  herself,  or  themselves  aggrieved  by  any  Eate 
or  Assessment  to  be  made  as  last  aforesaid,  it  shall  be  lawful  for  him, 
her,  or  them  respectively,  to  appeal  to  the  Court  of  Mayor  and  Alder- 
men of  the  said  City,  whose  decision  shall  be  final  and  conclusive  : 
Provided  always,  that  Notice  of  such  Appeal  shall  be  left  in  Writing 
at  the  Office  of  the  Town  Clerk  of  the  said  City,  and  also  at  the 
House  of  the  Churchwarden,  or  of  the  Vestry  Clerk  of  the  respective 
Parish  for  which  the  Assessment  complained  of  shall  be  made,  within 
Ten  Days  next  after  the  Sum  so  rated  and  assessed  shall  be  demanded, 
and  such  Appeal  shall  be  made  to  the  next  Court  of  Mayor  and 
Aldermen  of  the  said  City,  after  such  Notice  shall  be  so  left  as 
aforesaid. 


Appendix.  399 

And  be  it  further  Enacted,  That  if  the  Owner  or  Owners,  or 
Occupier  of  any  House  or  other  Hereditament  which  shall  be  rated 
and  assessed  by  virtue  or  in  pursuance  of  this  Act,  by   the  Ways 
and  Means  and  in  the  Manner  last  hereby  authorized  and  directed, 
shall   refuse  or  neglect  by  the   Space  of  Fourteen   Days   next  after 
his,  her,  or  their  respective  Rate  or  Rates,  Assessment  or  Assessments 
shall   be    due,    and    shall   be    demanded    by    the    Churchwardens   or 
Churchwarden,  and  Parishioner  or    Parishioners  to  whom  the  same 
ought  to  be  paid  (such  Demand  being  left  in  Writing,  at  the  House, 
Shop,  "Warehouse,   Cellar,  "Wharf,   Quay,   Crane,  Waterhouse,    Toft, 
or  other   Hereditaments  or  Premises  possessed,  rented,  or  occupied 
by  him,  her,  or  them  so  rated  and  assessed)    to  pay  such  Rate  or 
Rates,  Assessment  or  Assessments,  so   demanded  as  aforesaid,  unless 
Notice  of  Appeal  shall  have  been  left  as  last  before  mentioned ;  or  if 
any  such  Notice  be  left,  and  if  such  Appeal  shall  not  be  made  accor- 
dingly, to  the  next  Court  of  Mayor  and  Aldermen  as  aforesaid,  then 
and  in  every  such  Case  it  shall  be  lawful  for  such  Churchwardens  or 
Churchwarden,  and  Parishioner  or  Parishioners,  every  or  any  of  them, 
having  a  Warrant  or  Warrants  under  the  Hand  and  Seal  of  the  Lord 
Mayor,  or  any  other  Magistrate  of  the  said  City  (which  Warrant  or 
Warrants  the  said  Churchwardens  or  Churchwarden,  and  Parishioner 
or  Parishioners,  is  and    are  hereby  required  to   apply  for;   and  the 
Lord  Mayor  or  any   other  Magistrate  of  the   said    City,  is   hereby 
authorized   and    required    to    grant,)    and    with    the  Assistance  of  a 
Constable,  or  any  Peace  Officer  of  the  Ward,  County,  City,  or  Liberty 
where  the  Person  or  Persons,  Party  or  Parties,  so  refusing  or  neg- 
lecting, shall  reside,  there  to  seize  and  distrain  any  of  the  Goods  and 
Chattels  of  the  Person  or   Persons,  Party  or  Parties  so  refusing  or 
neglecting  to  pay,  or    to  seize  and  distrain   any    of  the   Goods  and 
Chattels  of  the   Occupier   or    Occupiers  for   the  Time  being  of  the 
Tenements  or  Hereditaments,  in  respect  whereof  such  Arrears  shall  be 
due  or  owing ;  and  if  the  same  shall  not  be  replevied,  or  such  Rate  or 
Assessment  paid  within  "Five  Days  next  after  such   Distress  made, 
together  with  the  Costs  and  Charges  thereof,  then  to  appraise  and  sell 
so  much  of  the  said  Goods  and   Chattels  as  shall  be  sufficient  to  pay 
the  said  Rate  or  Assessment,  and  the   Costs  and   Charges  attending 
such  Distress  and  Sale,  returning  the  Overplus  (if  any)  to  the  Owner 
or  Owners  of  such  Goods  and  Chattels,  the  said  Costs  and  Charges  to 
be  settled  and  allowed  by  the  said  Lord  Mayor,  or  other  Magistrate 
who  shall  have  granted  such  Warrant  or  Warrants  respectively :  Pro- 
vided always,  that  no  such  Distress  shall  by  virtue  of  this  Act  be  made 
out  of  the  Limits  of  the  said  City  and  Liberties  thereof,  unless  such 
Warrant  or  Warrants  respectively  shall  be  first  backed  or  counter- 
signed by  some  Magistrate  of  the   County,  City,  or  Liberty  where 
such  Distress  is  proposed  to  be  made ;  which  Warrant  or  Warrants 
any  Magistrate,  who  shall  be  applied  to  for  that  purpose,  shall  forth- 
with and  is  hereby  authorized  and  required  to  back  or  countersign 
without  Fee  or  Reward. 

And   be   it   further   Enacted,  That   when  and    so  often  as  any 


400  Appendix. 

Quarterly  Payment  of  any  Annual  Maintenance  or  Sum  by  this  Act 
authorized  to  be  raised  and  paid,  or  so  much  thereof  as  shall  exceed 
what  any  Impropriator  before  mentioned  is  by  this  Act  enjoined 
respectively  to  allow,  shall  happen  to  be  in  Arrear  and  unpaid  to  the 
said  respective  Incumbent  entitled  to  the  same,  or  his  respective 
Agent  or  Collector,  or  Eeceiver  for  the  space  of  Thirty  Days  next 
after  any  of  the  Quarterly  Days  hereinbefore  appointed  for  the  Pay- 
ment thereof,  then  and  in  every  such  Case,  from  Time  to  Time,  every 
such  Quarterly  Payment  so  in  Arrear  and  unpaid  shall  and  may  be 
raised  or  levied  and  paid  by  the  Ways  and  Means,  and  according  to 
the  Assessment,  and  in  the  Manner  first  hereinbefore  authorized  and 
directed  in  that  behalf. 

And  be  it  further  Enacted,  That  nothing  in  this  Act  contained 
shall  be  construed  to  compel  or  oblige  any  Person  or  Persons,  being 
of  the  People  called  Quakers,  to  collect  any  of  the  Monies  to  be 
raised  under  or  by  virtue  of  this  Act,  but  such  Person  or  Persons  is 
and  are  hereby  excused  and  exempted  from  collecting  the  same. 

And  be  it  further  Enacted,  That  all  and  singular  the  Powers  and 
Authorities  in  and  by  the  said  recited  Act  of  the  twenty-second  and 
twenty-third  Tears  of  King  Charles  the  Second,  given  to  and  vested 
in  the  Lord  Mayor  and  Court  of  Aldermen  of  the  City  of  London, 
shall  be  and  the  same  are  hereby  from  henceforth  given  to  and  vested 
in  the  said  Lord  Mayor  and  Court  of  Aldermen  for  the  Time  being, 
for  and  in  respect  of  all  and  singular  the  Matters  and  Things  in  this 
Act  contained,  or  by  this  Act  enacted,  so  far  as  the  Case  is  or  shall  be 
applicable ;  and  that  in  case  the  said  Lord  Mayor  and  Court  of  Alder- 
men shall  refuse  or  neglect  to  execute  any  of  the  respective  Powers  to 
them  by  this  Act  granted,  or  to  perform  all  and  every  such  Things 
relating  either  to  the  assessing  or  levying  of  the  respective  Sums 
aforesaid,  as  they  are  by  this  Act  authorized  and  required  to  perform, 
either  expressly  or  by  Eeference,  that  then  it  shall  be  lawful  for  any 
Two  or  more  of  the  Barons  of  His  Majesty's  Court  of  Exchequer,  by 
"Warrant  or  Warrants  under  their  Hands  and  Seals,  to  do  and  perform 
•what  the  said  Lord  Mayor  and  Court  of  Aldermen,  according  to  the 
true  Intent  and  Meaning  of  this  Act,  might  or  ought  to  have  done, 
and  by  such  Warrant  either  to  empower  any  Person  or  Persons  to 
make  the  respective  Assessments  as  aforesaid,  or  to  authorize  the 
respective  Officers  or  Persons  appointed  to  collect  such  Assessments, 
to  levy  the  same  by  Distress  and  Sale  of  the  Goods  of  any  Person  or 
Persons  that  shall  refuse  or  neglect  to  pay  the  same,  in  Manner  and 
Form  aforesaid. 

Provided  always,  That  no  Court  or  Judge  Ecclesiastical  or  Tem- 
poral, shall  hold  Plea  of  or  for  any  the  Sum  or  Sums  of  Money  due 
or  owing  or  to  be  paid  by  virtue  of  this  Act,  or  any  Part  thereof, 
other  than  the  Persons  hereby  authorized  to  have  Cognizance  thereof; 
nor  shall  it  be  lawful  for  any  Parson,  Vicar,  Curate,  or  Incumbent,  to 
convent  or  sue  any  Person  or  Persons  assessed  as  aforesaid,  and  re- 
fusing or  neglecting  to  pay  the  same,  in  any  Court  or  Courts,  or  before 
any  Judge  or  Judges,  other  than  what  are  authorized  and  appointed 


Appendix.  401 

by  this  Act  for  the   Hearing  and  determining  the  same  in  Manner 
aforesaid. 

And  be  it  further  Enacted,  That  this  Act  shall  be  deemed,  ad- 
judged, and  taken  to  be  a  Public  Act,  and  shall  be  judicially  taken 
Notice  of  as  such  by  all  Judges,  Justices,  and  other  Persons  whomso- 
ever, without  specially  pleading  the  same. 


Page  50. 

ST.  HELEN  IN  BISHOPSGATE  STREET  IN  THE  CITY  AND  DIOCESE 

OF  LONDON. 

Special  Commission. 
Laid  before  the  Board  9th  Feb.  1778,  and  a  Ticket  ordered,  made  out  Do. 

Lot,  6th  February,  1810.     No. 
Set  aside  same  day  Certified  above  £80. 

To  THE  EEV.  WILLIAM  MOEICE,  D.D. 
„  „  GEORGE  GASKIN,  D.D. 
„  „  HENRY  FLY,  D.D. 

Mr.  James  Pearson,  Mr.  Thomas  Loggin,  Solicitors,  and 
Mr.  Thomas  Simpson,  Secretary  to  Sion  College. 

"WHEREAS  the  Governors  of  the  Bounty  of  Queen  Anne,  &c., 
have  judged  it  necessary,  pursuant  to  the  statute  of  ]  st  George  1st, 
chap.  10th,  to  be  more  fully  informed  both  of  the  nature  and  of  the 
yearly  value  of  the  Vicarage  of  St.  Helen  in  Bishopsgate  Street  in  the 
City  and  our  Diocese  of  London,  and  how  such  yearly  value  doth  arise, 
with  the  other  circumstances  thereof,  NOW  KNOW  TE,  that  for 
putting  in  execution  the  said  Act  of  Parliament  and  by  virtue  thereof, 
we  trusting  to  the  Integrity  and  skill  of  you,  the  several  Gentlemen 
above  named,  Do  by  these  presents  nominate,  substitute,  and  appoint 
you,  or  any  three  or  more  of  you  Commissioners  in  our  stead,  as  well  by 
the  oaths  of  two  or  more  credible  Witnesses  as  by  other  lawful  ways 
and  means  to  inform  yourselves  both  of  the  nature  and  yearly  value  of 
the  said  Vicarage  of  St.  Helen,  as  well  such  part  thereof  as  is  fixed 
and  certain,  as  also  such  part  thereof  as  is  voluntary  and  gratuitous, 
distinguishing  the  same  as  far  as  may  be,  and  how  such  yearly  value 
doth  arise,  with  the  other  circumstances  thereof,  agreeably  to  the 
printed  heads  of  Inquiry  hereto  annexed,  and  having  so  informed  your- 
selves, you  are  hereby  required  to  certify  to  us,  under  your  respective 
Hands,  the  several  particulars  above  mentioned,  by  way  of  answer  to 
the  several  printed  Queries  hereto  annexed.  To  the  end  that  we  may 
Certify  the  same  to  the  said  Governors.  IN  WITNESS  whereof  we 
have  hereunto  set  our  Hand  and  Seal  the  21st  day  of  May,  in  the  year 
of  our  Lord  1797,  and  in  the  tenth  year  of  our  Translation. 

B.  LONDON. 
D  D 


402  Appendix. 


Directions  for  the  better  Execution  of  the  within  Commission. 

THAT  the  Commissioners  take  what  care  they  can  that  the  Wit- 
nesses, whether  brought  in  by  the  Minister  or  called  by  themselves, 
be  credible  Persons,  and  that  they  do  avoid  as  much  as  possible, 
giving  any  Oath  to  the  Minister  himself,  and  that  in  their  Inquiry 
into  the  nature  of  the  Living,  they  do  ask  only  such  Questions  of 
the  several  Witnesses  upon  their  Oaths,  as  do  relate  to  mere  matters 
of  fact. 

That  in  forming  their  Judgments  touching  such  part  of  the  value 
of  the  said  Living  as  is  fixed  and  certain,  they  do  not  consider 
voluntary  subscriptions,  gifts,  or  contributions,  or  anything  of  that 
kind,  but  only  such  things  as  are  perpetually  annexed  thereto,  and 
which  can  legally  be  demanded,  and  that  in  making  deduction  there- 
out, they  do  not  consider  the  charges  of  the  King's  Tax,  nor  Poor 
Bates,  nor  Repairs,  but  only  Pensions,  Procurations  and  Synodals, 
and  such  other  Things  as  are  certain  and  perpetual  Charges  and  out- 
goings. 

WE  whose  hands  are  hereunto  subscribed,  and  set,  being  four  of 
the  Commissioners  nominated  and  appointed  by  the  Commission  hereto 
annexed,  do  humbly  Certify  unto  the  Eight  Honourable  and  Right 
Reverend  Father  in  Grod,  Beilby,  Lord  Bishop  of  London,  that  in  pur- 
suance of  such  Commission,  We,  by  the  Oaths  of  Thomas  Grreenaway 
of  Bishopsgate  Street,  in  the  Parish  of  St.  Helen's,  Hatter,  and 
Jonathan  Punshon  of  Bishopsgate  Street,  Oil  and  Colourman,  and  by 
all  other  lawful  ways  and  means,  have  used  our  utmost  endeavours  to 
inform  ourselves  both  of  the  Nature  and  of  the  yearly  value  of  the 
Vicarage  of  St.  Helen  in  the  City  of  London,  agreeably  to  the  printed 
Heads  of  Inquiry  annexed  to  the  said  Commission,  and  that  the  several 
answers  subjoined  to  the  several  printed  Queries  do  contain  the  best 
and  truest  Information  we  have  been  able  to  get  concerning  the 
premises. 

IN  TESTIMONY  whereof  we  have  hereunto  subscribed  our  names 
this  second  day  of  January,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  One  thousand 
seven  hundred  and  ninety-eight. 

WILLM.  MORICE,  D.D. 

GEO.  GASKIN,  D.D. 

HEN.  FLY,  D.D. 

THOS.  LOGGIN. 

1st  Query.  Is  Saint  Helen  in  London  a  Rectory,  Vicarage,  or  per- 
petual Curacy ;  or  is  it  a  Donative  exempt  from  all  Ecclesiastical 
Jurisdiction  ?  and  who  is  the  Patron ;  or  is  it  a  Chapel  of  Ease  to  any, 
and  what  Church  ? 

Answer.  A  Vicarage  under  the  Patronage  of  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  of  Saint  Paul's. 

2nd  Query.  If  a  Rectory  or  Vicarage,  Is  it  united  to,  or  consoli- 


Appendix.  403 

dated  with,  any  other,  and  what  Church  ?  If  a  perpetual  Curacy  or 
Donative,  Is  it  a  Parish  of  Itself  ?  If  a  Chapel  of  Ease,  Is  the  In- 
cumbent of  the  Mother  Church  obliged  to  do  the  Duty  himself,  or  to 
provide  a  Curate  to  do  it  for  him  ? 

Answer.  It  is  not  united  to,  nor  consolidated  with,  any  other 
Church. 

3rd  Query.  What  is  the  ancient  and  accustomed  duty  which  has 
usually  been  done  at  Saint  Helen  ? 

By  whom  is  divine  service  there  performed,  and  how  often,  and  at 
what  particular  stated  times  ? 

Answer.  By  the  Vicar,  on  Sundays,  in  the  morning  a,nd  afternoon, 
and  on  Grood  Friday,  Ascension-day,  and  Christmas- day. 

4<tk  Query.  If  St.  Helen  is  a  Eectory  or  Vicarage,  has  the  incum- 
bent been  duly  instituted  and  inducted  thereto  ?  or  does  the  present 
minister  hold  it  by  sequestration,  and  on  what  ground  was  such 
sequestration  issued  ?  If  it  is  a  perpetual  Curacy,  or  a  Chapel  of  Ease, 
has  the  Minister  been  duly  nominated  by  the  Patron,  and  been 
thereupon  licenced  by  the  Bishop  ?  And  if  a  Donative,  does  the 
minister  serve  it  by  virtue  of  any  grant  or  appointment  in  writing 
from  the  patron  ? 

Answer.  The  Incumbent  has  been  duly  collated  and  inducted. 

5th  Query.  What  is  the  present  clear  improved  yearly  value  thereof, 
distinguishing  what  part  is  fixed  and  certain,  and  set  forth  how  the 
whole  doth  arise,  whether  from  glebe  land,  tythes,  composition  of 
tythes,  or  in  what  other  manner  ?  and  what  part  is  uncertain,  as  sur- 
plus fees,  Easter  offerings,  &c.  ;  and  in  case  there  is  any  stipend,  set 
forth  by  whom  the  same  is  paid,  and  for  how  long  time  past,  and  what 
security  there  is  that  the  same  will  be  continued  ? 

Answer.  The  Vicar  receives  from  Mr.  David  King,  the  Impro- 
priator,  a  yearly  pension  of  Twenty  pounds,  reserved  and  made  pay- 
able out  of  the  rectory  of  St.  Helen's  by  letters  patent  granted  by 
Queen  Elizabeth  in  the  year  1599,  for  a  stipend  or  salary  to  a  sufficient 
preacher  of  the  Word  of  God  from  time  to  time  in  the  said  church  to 
be  allowed  by  the  Bishop  of  London.  Also  from  the  Company  of 
Skinners  in  the  City  of  London  a  yearly  payment  of  three  pounds. 
Also,  for  preaching  two  annual  sermons,  in  pursuance  of  the  Will  of 
William  Prior,  deceased,  the  yearly  sum  of  thirteen  shillings  and  four- 
pence.  Also  for  preaching  an  annual  sermon,  in  pursuance  of  the  Will 
of  Thomas  Fenner,  deceased,  the  yearly  sum  of  ten  shillings.  Also, 

for  preaching  an  in  pursuance  of  the  Will  of  Joyce  Featley, 

deceased,  twenty  shillings.  Also,  the  yearly  sum  of  twenty  shillings 
for  preaching  a  sermon,  in  pursuance  of  the  Will  of  Francis  Bancroft, 
Esquire,  deceased.  Also,  the  yearly  sum  of  ten  shillings  for  examin- 
ing and  catechising  the  children  of  the  Charity  School  founded  by  the 
said  Francis  Bancroft  on  the  day  such  sermon  is  preached,  in  pursu- 
ance of  his  Will.  Also,  part  of  the  yearly  sum  of  Twenty  pounds 
granted  by  Sir  John  Lawrence  Knight,  deceased,  to  the  parish  of  Sfc. 
Helen,  to  be  applied  towards  the  encouragement  of  the  Minister,  and 
for  the  use  of  the  poor  of  the  parish,  at  the  discretion  of  the 

D  D  2 


404  Appendix. 

parishioners  in  Vestry  assembled,  which  part  or  proportion  for  the 
Vicar  is  at  present  by  order  of  Vestry  Five  Guineas  per  annum,  to  be 
paid  during  the  pleasure  of  the  Vestry. 

f  The  surplice  fees  arising  to  the  Vicar 
for  ten  years  last  appear  to  have  amounted 
on  an  average  to  about  seven  pounds 
fifteen  shillings. 


The  Minister  of  St.  Helen 
is  desired  to  add  his  proper 
Direction 

BOBEBT  WATTS,  M.A., 
Sion  College, 

London. 


It  does  not  appear  that  Easter  Offer- 
ings have  ever  been  paid  to  the  Vicar. 

A  subscription  has  been  lately  made 
for  the  present  Vicar,  which  amounts  to 
eight  guineas. 

The  Vicar  is  liable  to  pay  to  the  Ca- 
thedral Church  of  St.  Paul  the  yearly 
sum  of  six  shillings  and  eight  pence. 

So  that  the  net  certain  annual  income 
appears  to  be  twenty-six  pounds  six 
\shillings  and  eight  pence. 

These  are  to  Certify  to  the  Governors  of  the  Bounty  of  Queen 
Anne,  &c.,  that  after  due  examination  and  inquiry  by  the  Oaths  of 
four  credible  Witnesses,  and  by  other  lawful  ways  and  means,  into  the 
nature  and  yearly  value  of  the  Vicarage  of  St.  Helen  in  Bishopsgate 
Street,  in  the  City  and  our  Diocese  of  London,  the  same  appears  to  be 
of  the  yearly  value  of  Twenty-six  pounds  six  shillings  and  eight- 
pence. 

IN  WITNESS  whereof  we  have  hereunto  set  our  Hand  and  Seal 
this  fifth  day  of  January,  1798,  and  in  the  eleventh  year  of  our 
Translation. 


B.  LONDON. 

Page  50. — Queen  Anne's  Bounty. 

For  the  augmentation  of  the  Stipend  of  the  Vicar  of  St.  Helen, 
the  following  Commissions  were  issued  by  the  Bishops  of  London, 
Drs.  Beilby  Porteous  and  William  Howley  : — 

"  To  the  Eeverend  Dr.  HAMILTON,  Vicar  of  St.  Olave,  Jewry. 

„  „         Mr.  MEEN,  Rector  of  St.  Nicholas  Cole  Abbey. 

„  „         Mr.  WATTS,  Sector  of  St.  Alphage. 

Mr.  Deputy  GBEENAWAY,  of  Bishopsgate  Street, 
Mr.  ABBISS,  of         do.  do.    1    Churchwardens  of 

Mr.  ETJDD,  of         do.  do.    J         St.  Helen's. 

"  WHEREAS  an  Address  of  the  House  of  Lords  has  been  presented 
to  his  Majesty  for  an  Account  to  be  prepared  and  certified  to  the 
Governors  of  Queen  Anne's  Bounty  of  the  clear  improved  yearly  value 
of  every  Benefice  with  Cure  of  Souls  in  England  and  Wales,  under  the 
value  of  £150  per  annum  ;  specifying  how  the  same  arises,  and  distin- 
guishing such  as  have  been  augmented  by  the  said  Governors,  from 
such  as  have  not ;  and  also  such  as  have  been  discharged  from  the  pay- 


Appendix.  405 

ment  of  first  fruits  and  tenths,  from  such  as  have  not  been  so  discharged. 
And  whereas  his  Majesty  has  signified  his  pleasure,  that  directions  be 
given  for  the  said  account  being  prepared  and  certified ;  NOW 
KNOW  YE,  that  for  carrying  his  Majesty's  pleasure  into  effect,  and 
in  pursuance  of  the  said  Address,  we,  trusting  to  the  integrity  and 
skill  of  you  the  several  gentlemen  above  named,  do  by  these  presents 
nominate,  substitute,  and  appoint  you,  or  any  three  or  more  of  you, 
Commissioners  in  our  stead,  as  well  by  the  oaths  of  two  or  more 
credible  witnesses,  as  by  other  lawful  ways  and  means,  to  inform 
yourselves  both  of  the  nature  and  of  the  yearly  value  of  the  Living  of 
St.  Helen's,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  within  our  Diocese  of  London  ; 
as  well  such  part  thereof  as  is  fixed  and  certain,  as  such  part  thereof 
as  is  voluntary  and  gratuitous,  distinguishing  the  same  as  far  as  may 
be,  and  how  such  yearly  value  doth  arise  with  the  other  circumstances 
thereof,  agreeably  to  the  printed  Heads  of  Enquiry  hereto  annexed  ; 
and  having  so  informed  yourselves,  you  are  hereby  required  to  certify 
to  us  under  your  respective  hands  the  several  particulars  above- 
mentioned,  by  way  of  Answers  to  the  printed  Queries  hereto  annexed, 
to  the  End  that  we  may  certify  the  same  to  the  said  Governors.  IN 
TESTIMONY  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  set  our  Hand  and  Seal,  this 
eighth  day  of  February,  in  the  Tear  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  nine.  "  B.  LONDON. 

"  Directions  for  the  Execution  of  the  within  Commission. 

"  THAT  the  said  Commissioners  do  take  what  care  they  can,  that 
the  witnesses,  whether  brought  in  by  the  Minister  or  called  by  them- 
selves, be  credible  persons ;  that  they  do  avoid  as  much  as  possible 
giving  any  oath  to  the  Minister  himself ;  and  that,  in  their  enquiry 
into  the  nature  and  value  of  the  Living,  they  do  ask  only  such  ques- 
tions of  the  several  witnesses  upon  their  oaths  as  relate  to  mere 
matters  of  fact.  That  in  framing  their  judgments,  touching  such  part 
of  the  value  of  the  Living  as  is  fixed  and  certain,  they  do  not  consider 
voluntary  gifts  or  contributions,  or  any  thing  of  that  kind,  but  only 
such  things  as  are  perpetually  annexed  thereto,  and  can  be  legally 
demanded.  And  that  in  making  deductions  thereout,  they  do  not 
consider  the  charges  of  the  poor-rates  nor  repairs ;  but  only  pensions, 
procurations,  synodals,  and  such  other  things  as  are  certain  and  per- 
petual charges  and  outgoings.  That  the  Commissioners  do  give  clear 
and  direct  Answers  to  the  Queries,  and  that  two  at  least  of  the  clergy- 
men do  act. 

"  WE,  whose  Names  are  hereunto  subscribed,  being  five  of  the  Com- 
missioners nominated  and  appointed  in  and  by  the  Commission  hereto 
annexed,  do  humbly  certify  unto  the  Lord  Bishop  of  London,  that  in 
pursuance  of  such  Commission,  we,  by  all  lawful  ways  and  means, 
have  used  our  utmost  endeavours  to  inform  ourselves  both  of  the 
nature  and  of  the  yearly  value  of  the  Yicarage  of  Saint  Helen,  in  the 
City  of  London,  within  his  Lordship's  Diocese,  agreeably  to  the  fol- 
lowing heads  of  Inquiry  annexed  to  the  said  Commission  ;  and  that 
the  Answers  subjoined  to  the  several  printed  Queries  do  contain  the 


406 


Appendix. 


best  and  truest  information  we  have  been  able  to  obtain  concerning 
the  premises. 

IN  TESTIMONY  whereof  we  have  hereunto  set  our  hands,  this 
sixteenth  day  of  February,  in  the  Year  of  our  Lord,  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  nine. 

"  E.  HAMILTON,  Yicar  of  St.  Olave,  Jewry,  London. 
H.  MEEN,  Rector  of  St.  Nicholas  Cole  Abbey,  London. 
BOBEET  WATTS,  Eector  of  St.  Alphage,  London. 
JAMES  ABBISS,  \  n,       -,  f  0,    ^  , 

THOS.  ETJDD,     /  Churcllwardens  of  S*-  Helen's. 

"  N.B.  —  As  satisfactory  documents  were  produced,  we  did  not  find 
it  necessary  to  examine  any  person  upon  oath. 

"  1st  Query.  "What  is  the  present  clear  improved  yearly  value  of 
the  Yicarage  of  St.  Helen,  London  ;  distinguishing  what  part  is  fixed 
and  certain  ;  and  set  forth  how  the  whole  doth  arise,  whether  from 
Glebe  Land,  Tythes,  Composition  for  Tythes,  or  in  what  manner; 
and  what  part  is  uncertain,  as  Surplice  Fees,  Easter  Offerings,  &c.  : 
and  in  case  there  is  any  Stipend,  set  forth  by  whom  it  is  paid,  and  how 
secured,  and  for  how  long  time  past  the  same  hath  been  paid. 

"  Answer.  The  Yicar  receives  from  the  Impropriator 
a  yearly  pension  reserved  out  of  the  Bectory  of 
St"  Helen's,  by  letters  patent  dated  1599,  fora 
stipend  or  salary  ...  ...  ...  ... 

For  five  Gift  Sermons  ............ 

For  an  annual  payment  from  the  Skinners'  Company 


ft     ft 

13     4 
00 


Uncertain.     As  Surplice  Fees,  Sfc. 

Surplice  Fees  on  an  average  for  three  years. 

Part  of  the  yearly  sum  of  £20  granted  by  Sir  John' 
Lawrance  to  the  Parish  of  St.  Helen  :  Anno  1684, 
to  be  applied  towards  the  encouragement  of  the 
Minister,  and  for  the  use  of  the  poor  at  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  Yestry 

An  annual  donation  during  the  pleasure  of  the  Yestry, 
which  has  varied  at  different  times,  but  is  at 
present  ... 


£26  13     4 


£10  10     0 


550 


70     0     0 


£85  15     0 

"  2nd  Query.  Has  it  already  been  augmented  by  the  Governors  of 
Queen  Anne's  Bounty,  and  is  it  discharged  from  the  payment  of  first- 
fruits  and  tenths  ? 

"  Answer.  It  has  not  been  augmented,  and  is  discharged  from  the 
payment  of  first-fruits  and  tenths. 

"  The  Yicarage  pays  to  the  Cathedral  Church  of  St.  Paul's  a  yearly 
pension  of  6s.  8^." 


Appendix.  407 

Page  50. 

ST.  HELEN'S  IN  THE  CITY  AND  DIOCESE  OF  LONDON. 
Pop.  1811.     652. 

No.      . 

Lot.  1815.          Pop. 

Approved  by  Committee  1st  November,  1815,  for  two  Lots. 

Confirmed   1th   February,    1816. 

Printed,       sent  19th  April. 

WHEEEAS  the  Governors  of  the  Bounty  of  Queen  Anne,  for 
the  augmentation  of  the  maintenance  of  the  poor  Clergy,  intending  to 
augment  the  Living  of  St.  Helen's  in  the  City  of  London,  within  my 
Diocese,  if  the  same  shall  appear  proper  for  augmentation,  have  desired 
me  to  certify  to  them  the  present  nature  and  value  of  the  said  Living : 
Therefore  in  order  that  I  may  be  able  to  make  such  Certificate,  I  do 
hereby  desire  you  to  make  the  necessary  inquiries  and  answer  the 
following  queries,  and  to  return  the  same  to  me  under  your  hands. 

To  be  directed  to  the  Minister  and  one  or  two  other  Clergymen. 

Dated,  the  12th  day  of  July,  1815.  "W.  LONDON. 

To  the  Rev.  JAMES  BLENKABNE. 

„  E.  WATTS,  Kector  of  St.  Alphage. 

„  GL  A.  HATCH,  Eector  of  St.  Matthew. 

1st  Query.  Is  St.  Helen's  a  Eectory,  Vicarage,  or  Perpetual 
Curacy ;  or  is  it  a  Donative,  exempt  from  all  Ecclesiastical  Jurisdiction ; 
and  who  is  the  Patron ;  or  is  it  a  Chapel  of  Ease  to  any,  and  what 
Church  ? 

Answer.  It  is  a  Vicarage,  is  in  the  gift  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter 
of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  London,  and  under  their  Ecclesiastical  Juris- 
diction. 

2nd  Query.  Is  it  united  to,  or  consolidated  with,  any  other,  and 
what,  Church  ?  Is  it  a  Parish  of  itself?  If  it  is  a  Chapel  of  Ease,  is 
the  Incumbent  of  the  Mother-church  obliged  to  do  the  Duty  himself, 
or  provide  a  Curate  to  do  it  for  him  ;  and,  what  distance  is  the  Chapel 
from  the  Mother-church?  What  is  the  number  of  Inhabitants 
within  the  Parish  or  Chapelry,  including  the  Hamlets,  if  any  ? 

Answer.  It  is  a  Parish  of  itself,  and  not  united  to,  or  consolidated 
with,  any  other  Church. 

The  number  of  Inhabitants  is  generally  considered  about  a 
Thousand. 

3rd  Query.  What  is  the  ancient  and  accustomed  Duty  which  has 
usually  been  done  at  St.  Helen's ;  and  how  often,  and  at  what  par- 
ticular stated  times,  is  Divine  Service  there  now  performed  ? 
.  Answer.  Full  Duty  on  a  Sunday,  in  the  Morning  and  in  the  After- 
noon, and  at  the  usual  Hours :  that  is  at  eleven  o'clock  in  the  Morn- 
ing, and  at  three  o'clock  in  the  Afternoon. 


408  Appendix. 

N.B. — There  is  no  Lecturer ;  and  on  account  of  the  Gratuity  by 
Vestry,  that  is  £90  a  year,  there  is  a  sermon  in  the  Afternoon. 

4<th  Query.  If  St.  Helen's  is  a  Kectory  or  Vicarage,  has  the 
Minister  been  duly  instituted  and  inducted  thereto ;  or  does  he  hold 
it  by  Sequestration,  and  if  so,  on  what  ground  was  the  Sequestration 
issued  ?  If  it  is  a  perpetual  Curacy,  or  a  Chapel  of  Ease,  has  the 
Minister  been  duly  nominated,  and  by  whom ;  and  been  thereupon 
licensed  by  the  Ordinary  ;  and  whether  as  a  perpetual  Curacy,  or  only 
as  a  Chapel  of  Ease  ?  If  a  Donative,  does  the  Minister  serve  it  by 
virtue  of  any  Grant  or  Appointment  in  writing  from  the  Patron  ? 

Answer.  It  is  a  Vicarage  ;  and  the  Vicar  has  been  duly  instituted 
and  inducted  and  does  the  Duty  in  Person. 

5th  Query.  Is  there  a  House  for  the  Eesidence  of  the  Incumbent ; 
and  does  he  reside  therein,  or  in  the  Parish,  or  where  else,  and  at 
what  distance  from  the  Living  ?  Is  the  Duty  performed  by  the  In- 
cumbent himself,  or  by  a  Curate  ?  If  by  a  Curate,  is  he  resident  in 
the  Parish  or  Chapelry,  or  at  what  distance  from  it  ? 

Answer.  There  is  no  House  belonging  to  the  Vicarage ;  and  the 
Vicar  resides  in  the  House  appropriated  for  the  Master  of  Queen 
Elizabeth's  Free  Grammar  School  of  St.  Olave,  Southwark,  as  Master 
of  the  said  School ;  which  is  about  the  distance  of  half-a-niile  from  the 
Parish  of  St.  Helen  aforesaid.  And  the  Duty  is  performed  by  the 
Incumbent. 

6th  Query.  "What  is  the  present  clear  improved  yearly  Value  of 
St.  Helen's,  distinguishing  what  part  is  fixed  and  certain,  and  setting 
forth  how  the  whole  doth  arise;  whether  from  Glebe  Land,  Tithes, 
Composition  of  Tithes,  or  in  what  other  manner  ;  and  what  part  is 
uncertain  ;  as  Surplice  Fees,  Easter  Offerings,  &c.  ?  And  in  case  there 
is  any  Stipend,  by  whom  is  it  paid,  and  how  secured,  and  for  how  long 
time  past  has  the  same  been  paid  ? 

Answer.    The  Vicar  receives  from  the  Impropriator^ 

a  yearly    Pension   reserved  out  of  the  Eectoryl  f9(.     n     ft 
of  St.  Helen's  by  Letters  patent,  dated  1599,  forj 
a  Stipend  or  Salary          ...          ...          ...          . . .  J 

Tor  five  Gift  Sermons  ...          3  13     4 

For  an  annual  Payment  from  the  Skinners'  Company        300 

£26  13     4 
Uncertain.     As  Surplice,  Fees,  fyc. 

Surplice  Fees  on  an  Average  for  three  years  ...    £10   10     0 

Part  of  the  yearly  sum  of  £20  granted  by  Sir  John' 
Lawrence  to  the  Parish  of  St.  Helen,  Anno  1684, 
to  be  applied  towards  the   encouragement  of  the  \      5     5     6 
Minister,  and  of  the  use  of  the  Poor  at  the  Dis- 
cretion of  the  Vestry       ...          ...          ... 

An  annual   Donation,    during  the    Pleasure    of  the 


Vestry  which  has  varied  at  different  times,  but  is 
at  present 


90     0     0 


£105  15     6 


Appendix.  409 

N.B. — The  annual  Donation  was  not  given  to  the  last  Incumbent. 

"We  believe  (JAMES  BLENKAENE,  A.M.,  Vicar  of  St.  Helen, 
the    above    to] EGBERT  WATTS,  M.A.,  Eector  of  St.  Alphage. 
be  an  accurate  1  GEO.  AVERT  HATCH,  M.A.,  Eector  of  St.  Matthew, 
statement.         (     Friday  Street,  and  St.  Peter's,  Cheap. 

Dated,  July  17th,  1815. 

The  Incumbent  of  St.  Helen's  is) 
desired  to  add  his  proper  Direction/ 

The  Eeverend  JAMES  BLENKAENE, 
Tooley  Street, 

St.  Olave, 

South  wark. 

N.B. — £85  15s.  from  Pension,  Sermons,  an  annual  Donation 
and  &c. 

I  do  hereby  Certify  to  the  said  Governors  that  I  believe  the 
Answers  to  these  Inquiries  to  be  true. 

To  be  signed  by  the  Bishop  W.  LONDON. 

Page  50. — Amount  of  Capital  and  how  Obtained. 

In  1815  the  Governors  gave  by  lot  £400 — money — which  in  1829 
was  invested  in  the  purchase  of  £452  12s.  4d.  Reduced. 

Page  53. — The  Advowson  of  St.  Helen's. 

At  the  Court  at  Windsor,  the  6th  day  of  May,  1873. 

PEE  SENT, 
The  Queen's  Most  Excellent  Majesty  in  Council. 

WHEEEAS  the  Ecclesiastical  Commissioners  for  England  have,  in 
pursuance  of  the  Act  of  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  years  of  Her 
Majesty,  chapter  ninety-eight,  and  of  the  Act  of  the  twenty-third  and 
twenty-fourth  years  of  Her  Majesty,  chapter  one  hundred  and  forty- 
two,  duly  prepared  and  laid  before  Her  Majesty  in  Council,  a  scheme, 
bearing  date  the  first  day  of  August,  in  the  year  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  seventy-two,  in  the  words  and  figures  following,  that  is  to 
say  : 

"  WE,  the  Ecclesiastical  Commissioners  for  England,  in  pursuance 
of  the  Act  of  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  years  of  your  Majesty, 
chapter  ninety-eight ;  and  of  the  Act  of  the  twenty-third  and  twenty- 
fourth  years  of  your  Majesty,  chapter  one  hundred  and  forty-two,  have 
prepared  and  now  humbly  lay  before  your  Majesty  in  Council,  the 
following  scheme  for  uniting  the  benefice  (being  a  vicarage),  of  Saint 
Helen,  Bishopsgate,  in  the  city  of  London,  and  in  the  diocese  of 
London,  with  the  benefice  (being  a  rectory)  of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich, 
in  the  same  city  and  diocese,  and  for  effecting  certain  other  measures 
hereinafter  specified  with  respect  to  the  said  benefices. 


410  Appendix. 

"  Whereas  the  Eight  Honourable  and  Eight  Eeverend  John, 
Bishop  of  the  said  diocese  of  London,  has  caused  proposals  for  a 
scheme  for  effecting  an  union  of  the  said  two  benefices  to  be  laid  before 
us,  such  proposals  being  prepared  under  the  seventh  and  eighth 
sections  of  the  lastly-mentioned  Act,  and  being  finally  approved  by 
the  said  John,  Bishop  of  London,  and  being  assented  to  by  the  patrons 
and  by  the  vestries  of  the  parishes  to  be  affected  thereby,  that  is  to 
say,  by  the  said  John,  Bishop  of  London  as  patron  in  right  of  his  see 
of  the  said  vicarage  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  and  by  the  Master 
and  Wardens  of  the  Merchant  Taylors  of  the  Fraternity  of  Saint  John 
the  Baptist,  in  the  city  of  London  (who  are  hereinafter  called  the 
Merchant  Taylors  Company)  as  patrons  of  the  said  rectory  of  Saint 
Martin,  Outwich,  and  by  the  vestries  of  the  two  parishes  of  Saint 
Helen,  Bishopsgate,  and  St.  Martin,  Outwich. 

"  And  whereas  it  appears  to  us  to  be  expedient  that  the  said  pro- 
posed union  shall  be  effected, 

"  Now,  therefore,  with  the  consents  of  the  said  John,  Bishop  of 
London  (testified  by  his  having  signed  and  sealed  this  scheme),  and 
of  the  said  Merchant  Taylors  Company  (testified  by  their  having  sealed 
this  scheme  with  their  common  or  corporate  seal)  and  of  the  vestry  of 
each  of  the  said  two  parishes  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  and  Saint 
Martin,  Outwich  (testified  in  the  case  of  each  vestry  by  the  signature 
attached  to  this  scheme,  in  pursuance  of  a  resolution  to  that  effect  of 
the  chairman  of  a  vestry  meeting  duly  convened  for  the  purpose  of 
giving  such  consent),  we,  the  said  Ecclesiastial  Commissioners,  humbly 
recommend  and  propose  all  that  is  in  this  scheme  set  forth  under  the 
several  parts  or  headings  hereinafter  mentioned,  as  follows  : — 

"  Part  I. 

"  As  to  the  said  proposed  union  itself  and  the  immediate  incidents 
thereof,  we  recommend  and  propose  : — 

"  1.  That  the  said  benefice  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  and  the 
said  benefice  of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  shall  be  united  and  consoli- 
dated into  and  shall  become  and  be  one  benefice  by  the  name  and 
style  of  '  The  United  Eectory  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  with 
Saint  Martin,  Outwich.' 

"  2.  That  if,  when  this  scheme  shall  have  been  ratified  and  con- 
firmed by  an  Order  of  your  Majesty  in  Council,*  both  of  the  said  pre- 
sent benefices  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  and  Saint  Martin,  Outwich, 
shall  be  vacant,  the  union  shall  forthwith  take  effect,  and  if  the 
benefice  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  only  shall  be  vacant,  the  union 
shall  also  forthwith  take  effect  if  the  incumbent  of  the  benefice  of 
Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  shall  consent  to  become  the  incumbent  of  the 
united  benefice,  but  if  he  shall  not  so  consent,  then  that  the  union 
shall  take  effect  upon  the  then  next  vacancy  of  his  benefice,  if  at  the 
time  of  such  vacancy  the  benefice  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  shall 
also  be  vacant ;  but  if  the  benefice  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  shall 


*  Here  are  omitted  contingencies  which  did  not  happen, 


Appendix.  411 

not  be  then  vacant,  then  that  the  union  shall  take  effect  upon  the  next 
vacancy  of  the  said"  last-named  benefice,  and  the  then  incumbent  of 
the  benefice  of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  shall  be  the  first  incumbent  of 
the  united  benefice  ;  and  if,  when  this  scheme  shall  be  ratified  and 
confirmed  as  aforesaid,  the  present  benefice  of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich, 
only  shall  be  vacant,  the  union  shall  take  effect  upon  the  then  next 
vacancy  of  the  benefice  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate  ;  and  if.  when  this 
scheme  shall  be  ratified  and  confirmed  as  aforesaid,  both  of  the  said 
present  benefices  shall  be  full,  then  that  the  union  shall  take  effect 
upon  the  next  vacancy  of  the  said  benefice  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishops- 
gate,  if  the  incumbent  for  the  time  being  of  the  said  benefice  of  Saint 
Martin,  Outwich,  shall  consent  to  become  the  incumbent  of  the  united 
benefice,  and  that  he  shall  be  the  first  incumbent  of  the  united 
benefice  ;  but  if  he  shall  not  so  consent,  then  that  the  union  shall 
take  effect  immediately  upon  the  first  vacancy  of  the  benefice  of  Saint 
Helen,  Bishopsgate,  which  shall  happen  after  the  avoidance  of  the  said 
benefice  of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  and  the  then  incumbent  of  the  said 
benefice  of  St.  Martin,  Outwich,  shall  be  the  first  incumbent  of  the 
united  benefice ;  and  that  in  any  case  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  Bishop 
to  admit  to  the  united  benefice  such  first  incumbent  (if  an  incumbent 
for  the  time  being  of  either  of  the  existing  benefices)  without  any  form 
or  fee  of  presentation,  and  he  shall  thereupon  become  the  incumbent 
of  the  united  benefice ;  and  that  until  the  time  of  the  union  taking 
effect,  the  said  two  present  benefices  shall  remain  separate,  and  the 
rights  and  liabilities  of  each  of  them,  and  of  the  incumbent  of  each  of 
them  as  such,  shall  remain  unaffected, 

u  3.  That  if  after  this  scheme  shall  have  been  ratified  and  confirmed 
as  aforesaid,  the  present  incumbents  of  the  present  benefices  con- 
tinuing to  be  the  incumbents  thereof  respectively,  the  present  incum- 
bent of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  shall  retire  from  the  incumbency  of 
that  benefice  in  order  that  the  union  may  take  immediate  effect,  and 
the  present  incumbent  of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  shall  be  willing  to 
become  the  first  incumbent  of  the  united  benefice,  the  said  present 
incumbent  of  the  benefice  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  shall  be  entitled, 
during  the  period  hereinafter  specified,  to  receive  out  of  the  annual 
income  of  the  united  benefice,  and  by  way  of  compensation,  the  yearly 
sum  of  forty-two  pounds  nine  shillings  and  ten  pence  (being  a  sum 
equal  to  the  present  net  annual  value  of  the  endowments  annexed  to 
his  incumbency),  and  also  the  Easter  Offerings  rendered  in  that 
portion  of  the  united  benefice  which  shall  consist  of  or  represent  the 
present  benefice  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  and  also  the  further 
annual  sum  of  three  hundred  pounds ;  which  annual  sums  of  forty-two 
pounds  nine  shillings  and  ten  pence,  and  three  hundred  pounds,  shall 
respectively  commence  as  from  the  day  on  which  the  union  shall  take 
effect,  and  shall  be  payable  by  equal  quarterly  payments  in  every  year, 
the  first  quarterly  payment  to  become  due  at  the  end  of  three  calendar 
months  next  after  the  day  on  which  the  union  shall  take  effect.  The 
said  annual  sum  of  forty-two  pounds  nine  shillings  and  ten  pence,  and 
the  Easter  Offerings  above-mentioned,  shall  be  respectively  payable  to 
the  said  present  incumbent  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  during  the 


412  Appendix. 

joint  lives  of  himself  and  the  present  incumbent  of  Saint  Martin, 
Outwich ;  and  the  said  annual  sum  of  three  hundred  pounds  shall  be 
payable  to  the  present  incumbent  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  so  long 
as  he  shall  be  able  and  ready  and  willing  to  perform  in  person,  or  by 
a  substitute  to  be  approved  by  the  Bishop  of  London,  the  duties  of 
curate  of  the  united  benefice  ;  and  whilst  he  shall  so  perform  the 
duties  of  such  curate  he  shall  be  styled  and  called  the  vicar  in  charge 
of  the  united  benefice,  but  the  performance  of  such  duties  by  the  vicar 
in  charge  shall  not  affect  the  obligation  of  the  incumbent  of  the  united 
benefice  to  reside  on  the  benefice,  unless  such  residence  shall  be  duly 
dispensed  with  by  licence  from  the  Bishop,  and  such  annual  sums  and 
Easter  Offerings  shall  continue  payable  until  the  quarter-day  next  after 
the  avoidance  of  the  united  benefice  by  such  first  incumbent  thereof 
(being  the  present  incumbent  of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich). 

"  4.  That  if  such  first  incumbent  of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  shall 
vacate  the  united  benefice  during  the  life  of  the  present  incumbent  of 
Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  the  annual  sums  and  Easter  Offerings  afore- 
said shall  continue  payable  to  the  present  incumbent  of  Saint  Helen, 
Bishopsgate,  until  such  one  of  the  quarterly  days  of  payment  of  the 
said  annual  sums  as  shall  first  happen  after  the  united  benefice  shall 
so  become  vacant,  and  shall  then  cease  to  be  payable  ;  and  from  and 
after  such  quarterly  day  the  present  incumbent  of  Saint  Helen, 
Bishopsgate,  shall  be  entitled  in  lieu  thereof  to  receive  the  annual 
sum  of  four  hundred  pounds  during  the  remainder  of  his  life,  such 
annual  sum  of  four  hundred  pounds  to  be  payable  by  equal  half- 
yearly  payments  in  every  year,  the  first  half-yearly  payment  thereof  to 
begin  and  be  made  at  the  end  of  six  calendar  months  next  after  the 
quarterly  day  on  which  the  said  annual  sum  of  forty-two  pounds  nine 
shillings  and  ten  pence,  the  said  Easter  Offerings,  and  the  said  annual 
sum  of  three  hundred  pounds  shall  cease  to  be  payable. 

"  5.  That  the  said  annual  sums  of  forty-two  pounds  nine  shillings 
and  ten  pence,  and  three  hundred  pounds,  and  four  hundred  pounds  re- 
spectively, shall  be  charged  upon  the  annual  income  of  the  united  bene- 
fice, and  shall  be  payable  out  of  the  same  by  the  incumbent  for  the  time 
being  of  the  united  benefice ;  and  that,  as  between  the  incumbent  for 
the  time  being  of  the  united  benefice  and  the  retiring  incumbent  and 
his  assigns,  the  said  annual  sums  and  each  of  them  shall  be  a  first 
charge  at  law  and  in  equity  upon  the  income  of  the  united  benefice, 
the  incumbent  of  which  benefice  shall  be  deemed  to  have  accepted  the 
same,  subject  to  a  trust  to  pay  to  the  retiring  incumbent  or  his 
assigns  the  said  annual  sums  out  of  the  income  of  such  benefice,  and 
for  that  purpose  shall  use  all  due  diligence  to  receive  and  collect  the 
income  of  the  said  united  benefice ;  and  that  if  such  annual  sum,  or 
any  part  thereof,  shall  at  any  time  be  in  arrear  and  unpaid  for  more 
than  twenty-one  days  after  any  of  the  said  half-yearly  days  of  payment, 
and  the  fact  of  the  same  being  so  in  arrear  shall  be  verified  by  the 
declaration  of  the  incumbent  who  shall  have  so  retired  or  his  assigns, 
or  in  such  other  manner  as  shall  be  required  by  the  Bishop,  then  that 
it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  Bishop  to  make  an  order  upon  the  incumbent 
for  the  time  being  of  the  united  benefice,  requiring  him  to  pay  the 


Appendix.  413 

amount  in  arrear  within  a  time  to  be  specified  in  such  order,  and  if 
the  same  be  not  paid  within  such  period,  then  that  it  shall  be  lawful 
for  the  Bishop  to  sequester  the  profits  of  the  benefice  until  all  such 
arrears  and  the  costs  of  the  sequestration  shall  have  been  paid  and 
satisfied ;  but  that  the  power  to  be  so  conferred  upon  the  Bishop  shall 
not  in  anywise  abridge  or  interfere  with  the  rights  of  the  incumbent 
who  shall  have  so  retired  or  his  assigns  to  recover  the  said  annual 
sums  and  all  arrears  thereof  by  proceedings  at  law  or  in  equity,  or  with 
the  legal  and  equitable  rights  of  the  incumbent  for  the  time  being  of 
the  united  benefice  to  recover  from  the  preceding  incumbent  of  the 
united  benefice,  his  executors  or  administrators,  any  arrears  of  the  said 
annual  sums  which  ought  to  have  been  paid  by  such  preceding  in- 
cumbent. 

"  6.  That  upon  the  union  taking  eifect,  the  present  church  of  the 
parish  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  shall  become,  and  thereafter  con- 
tinue to  be,  the  parish  church  of  the  united  benefice. 

"  7.  That  after  the  union  shall  have  taken  effect,  the  expense  of 
maintaining  the  fabric  of  the  parish  church  of  the  united  benefice,  and 
providing  the  things  requisite  for  Divine  service  therein,  shall  be  de- 
frayed by  the  two  parishes  of  the  united  benefice,  and  shall,  as  between 
the  same  two  parishes  respectively,  be  provided  as  if  the  same  were  one 
parish,  subject,  nevertheless,  to  the  provisions  of '  The  Church  Bates 
Abolition  Act,  1868.' 

"  8.  That  upon  the  union  taking  effect,  the  sacramental  plate  used 
in  the  church  of  the  parish  of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  shall  be  trans- 
ferred to  the  parish  church  of  the  united  benefice,  but  that  if  the  whole 
of  the  plate  of  the  two  churches  be  more  than  sufficient  for  such  parish 
church,  then  the  vestry  of  each  parish  shall  be  at  liberty  to  select  so 
much  as  it  pleases  of  the  plate  originally  belonging  to  its  own  parish, 
to  be  tranferred  to  such  other  church  or  chapel  within  the  diocese  of 
London  as  the  Bishop  shall  select,  and  that  the  font  and  communion 
table  of  the  said  church  of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  shall  be  transferred 
to  such  other  church  or  chapel  within  the  diocese  as  the  Bishop  shall 
select. 

"  9.  That  upon  the  union  taking  effect,  if  the  tables  of  fees  used  in 
the  two  churches  be  alike  in  all  particulars,  the  table  of  fees  used  in 
the  church  which  will  become  the  church  of  the  united  benefice  shall 
(until  revised  or  altered  by  proper  authority)  be  the  table  of  fees  for 
the  two  parishes  of  the  united  benefice ;  but  if  such  tables  of  fees  be 
not  alike  in  all  particulars,  then  that  the  same  shall  be  of  no  authority, 
and  a  new  table  of  fees  shall  be  made  by  the  proper  authority  for  the 
use  of  the  united  parishes  as  if  the  same  were  one  parish. 

"  10.  That  upon  the  union  taking  effect,  the  persons  who  at  that 
time  shall  hold  the  offices  of  parish  clerk  of  the  parish  of  Saint  Helen, 
Bishopsgate,  and  parish  clerk  of  the  parish  of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich, 
shall  without  any  further  appointment  become  the  joint  parish  clerks 
of  the  united  benefice ;  and  that  the  persons  who  at  the  time  of  the 
union  taking  effect  shall  hold  the  office  of  sexton  of  the  parish  of 
Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  and  sexton  of  the  parish  of  Saint  Martin, 
Outwich,  shall,  without  any  further  appointment,  become  the  joint 


414  Appendix. 

sextons  of  the  united  benefice  ;  and  that  upon  the  death,  retirement, 
or  removal  of  either  of  the  joint  parish  clerks,  the  other  of  them  shall 
become  the  parish  clerk  of  the  united  benefice,  and  upon  the  death, 
retirement,  or  removal  of  either  of  the  joint  sextons,  the  other  of 
them  shall  become  the  sexton  of  the  united  benefice;  and  that 
the  parish  clerk  of  the  united  benefice  shall  afterwards,  upon  any 
vacancy  in  that  office,  be  appointed  by  the  incumbent  of  the  united 
benefice,  and  that  any  future  vacancy  in  the  office  of  sexton  shall 
be  filled  up  by  the  joint  vestry  of  the  two  parishes  of  the  united 
benefice. 

"  11.  That  upon  the  union  taking  effect,  the  persons  who  at  that 
time  shall  respectively  hold  the  offices  of  clerk  and  sexton  of  the  parish 
of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  and  who  shall  respectively  become  one  of 
such  joint  clerks  or  sextons  of  the  united  benefice  shall  respectively 
cease  to  hold  the  office  of  clerk  or  sexton  respectively  of  such  last- 
mentioned  parish,  and  that  the  clerk  so  ceasing  to  hold  such  office 
shall  by  way  of  compensation,  so  long  as  he  shall  be  one  of  the  joint 
clerks  of  the  united  benefice,  receive  from  the  vestry  of  the  parish  of 
Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  during  the  pleasure  of  such  vestry,  a  salary 
equal  in  amount  to  his  present  salary ;  and  that  in  like  manner  the 
sexton  so  ceasing  to  hold  such  office,  shall,  by  way  of  compensation,  so 
long  as  he  shall  be  one  of  the  joint  sextons  of  the  united  benefice, 
receive  from  the  vestry  of  the  parish  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate, 
during  the  pleasure  of  such  vestry,  a  salary  equal  in  amount  to  his 
present  salary,  the  receipt  of  such  salary  in  the  case  of  the  said  clerk 
and  sexton  respectively  to  be  conditional  upon  the  performance  by 
such  clerk  and  sexton  respectively  of  such  duties  appertaining  to  the 
office  of  parish  clerk  or  (as  the  case  may  be)  of  sexton  in  the  parish 
church  of  the  united  benefice,  or  otherwise  connected  with  such  parish 
church,  and  the  performance  of  the  services  therein  as  the  rector  and 
churchwardens  of  the  united  benefice  may  from  time  to  time  require, 
but  that  no  parish  clerk  or  sexton  of  the  united  benefice  shall  have  any 
larger  estate  or  interest  in  his  office  than  he  possessed  in  his  original 
office  before  the  union. 

"  12.  That  so  long  as  a  salary  shall,  under  the  provisions  of  this 
scheme,  be  payable  by  the  parish  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  to  one 
of  the  joint  clerks  of  the  united  benefice,  that  parish  shall  not  be 
required  to  contribute  any  proportion  of  the  salary  of  the  other  of  the 
joint  clerks  of  the  united  benefice,  and  that  in  like  manner,  so  long  as 
a  salary  shall,  under  the  provisions  of  this  scheme,  be  payable  by  the 
last-mentioned  parish  to  one  of  the  joint  sextons  of  the  united  benefice, 
that  parish  shall  not  be  required  to  contribute  any  proportion  of  the 
salary  of  the  other  of  the  joint  sextons  of  the  united  benefice  ;  but 
that  whilst  such  salaries,  by  way  of  compensation,  shall  continue  pay- 
able to  such  joint  clerk  and  joint  sexton  respectively,  the  salaries  of 
the  other  juint  clerk  and  joint  sexton  of  the  united  benefice  shall  be 
paid  exclusively  by  the  parish  of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich. 

"  13.  That  upon  the  union  taking  effect,  the  persons  who  at  that 
time  shall  respectively  hold  the  offices  of  clerk  and  sexton  of  the  parish 


Appendix.  415 

of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  and  who  shall  respectively  become  one  of 
such  joint  clerks  and  joint  sextons  of  the  united  benefice,  shall  respec- 
tively cease  to  hold  the  office  of  clerk  and  sexton  respectively  of  such 
last-mentioned  parish,  and  that  the  clerk  so  ceasing  to  hold  such  office 
shall,  by  way  of  compensation,  so  long  as  he  shall  be  one  of  the  joint 
clerks  of  the  united  benefice,  receive  from  the  vestry  of  the  parish  of 
Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  so  much  as  the  same  vestry  shall  see  fit  to 
apportion  to  him  of  the  sum  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  pounds,  which 
in  the  third  section  of  the  fifth  part  of  this  scheme  it  is  recommended 
and  proposed  that  we  should  pay  to  the  said  vestry,  and  that  in  like 
manner  the  sexton  so  ceasing  to  hold  such  office  shall,  by  way  of  com- 
pensation, so  long  as  he  shall  be  one  of  the  joint  sextons  of  the  united 
benefice,  receive  from  the  said  last-mentioned  vestry  the  remainder 
(after  deducting  the  sum  so  to-be  apportioned  to  the  clerk  as  afore- 
said) of  the  same  sum  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  pounds,  the  receipt  by 
the  said  clerk  and  sexton  of  the  sums  so  to  be  apportioned  to  them 
respectively  to  be  conditional  upon  their  undertaking,  to  the  satis- 
faction of  the  said  vestry,  to  perform  such  duties  appertaining  to  the 
office  of  parish  clerk  or  (as  the  case  may  be)  of  sexton  in  the  parish 
church  of  the  united  benefice  or  otherwise  connected  with  such 
parish  church,  and  the  performance  of  the  services  therein  as  the 
rector  and  churchwardens  of  the  united  benefice  may  from  time  to 
time  require. 

"  14.  That  the  present  parsonage  house  of  the  said  benefice  of 
Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  shall  become  and  be  the  parsonage  house  of 
and  for  the  united  benefice. 

"  15.  That  upon  the  union  taking  effect  as  hereinbefore  mentioned, 
all  the  properties  which  shall  then  constitute  the  endowments  of  the 
said  present  benefices  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  and  Saint  Martin, 
Outwich,  shall  thereupon,  without  any  conveyance  or  assurance  in  the 
law  other  than  any  duly  gazetted  Order  of  your  Majesty  in  Council 
ratifying  this  scheme,  become,  and  be  the  endowments  of  the  united 
benefice,  subject,  nevertheless,  to  the  annual  payment  thereout  of  the 
said  annual  sums  of  forty-two  pounds  nine  shillings  and  ten  pence, 
and  three  hundred  pounds,  or,  as  the  case  may  be,  of  four  hundred 
pounds,  which  are  respectively  hereinbefore  mentioned,  and  made  pay- 
able out  of  the  annual  income  of  the  united  benefice,  and  subject  also 
to  the  three  several  rent-charges  hereinafter  mentioned,  and  proposed 
to  be  created  as  hereinafter  is  specified,  in  favour  of  the  three  intended 
new  cures  hereinafter  mentioned,  and  subject  also  and  nevertheless  to 
this  further  proviso,  that  is  to  say,  provided  always  that  if  the  Reverend 
John  Bathurst  Deane,  Clerk,  now  incumbent  of  the  said  benefice  of 
Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  shall  become  the  first  incumbent  of  the  united 
benefice,  he  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  and  retain  during  such  his 
incumbency  the  whole  of  the  annual  income  of  the  united  benefice, 
subject  only  to  the  said  annual  payment  thereout  of  the  said  annual 
sums  of  forty-two  pounds  nine  shillings  and  ten  pence,  three  hundred 
pounds,  and  four  hundred  pounds  (one  or  more  of  these  sums),  which 
are  hereinbefore  mentioned. 


416  .      Appendix. 

"  Part  II. 

"  As  to  the  endowment  of  certain  intended  cures  : — 

"  "Whereas  the  aggregate  endowments  of  the  said  present  benefices 
of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  and  Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  will,  when 
they  shall  have  become  the  endowments  of  the  united  benefice,  as 
hereinbefore  recommended  and  proposed,  be  in  our  opinion  more  than 
sufficient  for  the  due  maintenance  and  support  of  the  incumbent  of 
the  united  benefice  and  of  any  assistant  curate  or  curates  who  may  be 
by  him  employed. 

"  And  whereas  we  intend,  so  soon  as  conveniently  may  be,  having 
regard  to  the  contingencies  affecting  the  provision  of  endowments  for 
such  new  cures  as  hereinafter  mentioned,  and  with  such  consent  as  by 
law  is  required,  to  recommend  and  propose  to  your  Majesty  in  Council 
the  formation  of  three  new  cures  within  the  diocese  of  London,  that  is 
to  say,  of  a  new  cure  to  be  taken  wholly  or  partly  out  of  the  existing 
cure  of  Saint  Philip,  at  Dalston,  and  to  be  called  the  District  of  the 
Holy  Trinity,  Dalston ;  of  a  new  cure  to  be  taken  wholly  or  partly 
out  of  the  existing  cure  of  Saint  Dunstan,  Stepney,  and  to  be  called 
the  District  of  Christ  Church,  Stepney  ;  and  of  a  new  cure  to  be  taken 
wholly  or  partly  out  of  the  existing  cure  of  Saint  Ann,  at  Limehouse, 
and  to  be  called  the  District  of  Saint  Peter  Limehouse. 

"  And  whereas  the  recommendation  and  proposal  next  hereinafter 
made  is  in  accordance  with,  and  is  contemplated  by,  the  proposals 
upon  which  this  scheme  is  based,  for  uniting  the  said  two  present 
benefices  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  and  St.  Martin,  Outwich. 

"  Now,  therefore,  with  respect  to  the  endowments  of  the  united 
benefice,  we  humbly  recommend  and  propose : 

"  That  a  specified  part  of  such  endowments,  that  is  to  say,  that 
the  sum  of  two  thousand  two  hundred  and  fifty  pounds*  per  annum 
(being  the  amount  of  the  annual  fixed  tithe,  payable  under  the  pro- 
visions of  '  The  London  City  Tithes  Act,  1864,'  subject  to  revision  as 
in  the  said  Act  provided),  and  now  constituting  the  endowment  of  the 
present  benefice  of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  shall  over  and  beyond  all 
payments  thereout  in  respect  of  the  three  temporary  charges  (or  any 
of  them)  of  forty-two  pounds  nine  shillings  and  ten  pence,  three 
hundred  pounds,  and  four  hundred  pounds  respectively  hereinbefore 
mentioned,  and  also  after  and  subject  to  such  incumbency  of  the  said 
John  Bathurst  Deane  in  the  said  united  benefice  as  aforesaid,  be 
subject  to  the  three  annual  rent-charges  next  hereinafter  specified, 
that  is  to  say,  to  a  rent-charge  of  six  hundred  pounds  per  annum, 
commencing  as  from  the  day  hereinafter  in  that  behalf  mentioned 
(being  a  day  subsequent  to  that  on  which  the  said  John  Bathurst 
Deane  shall  have  avoided  the  said  incumbency  of  the  said  united 


*  This  presents  a  strange  contrast  to  the  value  of  the  living  as  it  was  represented 
to  the  Company  in  1603  by  the  then  Vicar — viz.,  30Z.  a-year.  Mr.  Lewis  commenced 
a  tithe  suit  which  was  stayed  "by  the  mediation  of  divers  worshipful  and  quiet 
men  of  the  parish,"  upon  the  understanding  that  by  contributions  (the  Company 
giving  5Z.)  the  income  was  to  be  made  up  to  50Z.  per  annum.  See  p.  54. 


Appendix.  417 

benefice)  in  favour  of  the  minister  or  incumbent  of  the  said  proposed 
district  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Dalston,  and  his  successors  ;  to  a  rent- 
charge  of  three  hundred  pounds  per  annum,  commencing  as  from  the 
day  hereinbefore  and  hereinafter  in  that  behalf  mentioned,  in  favour 
of  the  minister  or  incumbent  of  the  said  proposed  district  of  Christ 
Church,  Stepney,  and  his  successors ;  and  to  a  rent-charge  of  one 
hundred  and  ninety-two  pounds  nine  shillings  and  ten  pence,  com- 
mencing as  last  aforesaid,  in  favour  of  the  minister  or  incumbent  of 
the  said  proposed  district  of  Saint  Peter,  Limehouse,  and  his  suc- 
cessors, such  last-mentioned  rent-charge,  nevertheless,  to  be  increased 
to  five  hundred  and  ninety-two  pounds  nine  shillings  and  ten  pence, 
when  and  so  soon  after  the  avoidance  of  the  incumbency  of  the  said 
united  benefice  by  the  said  John  Bathurst  Deane,  as  the  said  annual 
sum  of  four  hundred  pounds  hereinbefore  proposed  to  be  made  payable 
to  the  present  incumbent  of  the  benefice  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate, 
shall  cease  to  be  so  payable  :  but  if  the  said  annual  sum  of  four  hundred 
pounds  shall  before  the  same  avoidance  have  already  ceased  to  be  pay- 
able, then  such  last-mentioned  rent-charge  to  commence  and  continue 
at  the  full  amount  of  five  hundred  and  ninety-two  pounds  nine  shillings 
and  ten  pence,  each  of  the  said  three  rent-charges  to  be  payable  half- 
yearly,  and  to  arise  and  begin  to  accrue  (subject  as  hereinbefore  men- 
tioned) as  from  the  day  of  the  date  of  the  publication  in  the  London 
Grazette  of  the  Order  of  your  Majesty  in  Council,  whereby  the  district 
in  favour  of  the  minister  or  incumbent  of  which  such  rent-charge  is  to 
arise  and  accrue  shall  be  created,  and  no  one  of  the  said  three  rent- 
charges  to  have  priority  over  any  other  of  them  :  and  the  minister  or 
incumbent  in  whose  favour  any  one  of  the  said  three  rent-charges  shall 
have  been  created  to  have,  and  we  hereby  recommend  and  propose  that 
he  shall  have,  all  such  remedies  for  the  recovery  of  such  rent-charge, 
the  same  being  in  arrear  forty  days,  or  upwards,  after  any  half-yearly 
payment  thereof  shall  have  become  due,  as  landlords  have  for  recovery 
of  rent  being  in  arrear  and  unpaid :  but  nevertheless,  and  we  hereby 
also  recommend  and  propose,  that  if  in  any  year  the  gross  revenues  of 
the  said  united  benefice  shall  by  means  of  variation  in  the  amount  of 
the  said  annual  sum  of  two  thousand  two  hundred  and  fifty  pounds 
tithe  rent-charge  be  increased  beyond  the  sum  of  two  thousand  two 
hundred  and  ninety-two  pounds  nine  shillings  and  ten  pence,  or  shall 
be  diminished  below  that  sum,  then  and  in  every  such  year  the  said 
three  rent-charges  of  six  hundred  pounds,  three  hundred  pounds,  and 
five  hundred  and  ninety-two  pounds  nine  shillings  and  ten  pence,  and 
each  of  them  shall  be  increased,  or  (as  the  case  may  be)  shall  be 
reduced  in  proportion  to  their  respective  amounts  in  such  manner 
that  in  that  and  every  year  the  aggregate  of  the  same  three  rent- 
charges  shall  be  equal  to  the  excess  of  the  total  revenues  of  the  said 
united  benefice  above  the  sum  of  eight  hundred  pounds,  the  said  three 
rent-charges  if  and  whenever  they  be  so  reduced  in  amount  to  be 
receivable  by  the  ministers  or  incumbents  in  whose  favour  they 
respectively  arise  and  accrue  in  full  substitution  and  satisfaction  for 
the  sums  which  but  for  such  reduction  would  in  that  year  have  been 
receivable  by  them  respectively. 

E  E 


418  Appendix. 

"  Part  III. 

"  As  to  the  patronage  of  the  united  benefice  : — 

"  Whereas  we  intend  with  such  consents  as  are  by  law  required, 
and  in  consideration  of  the  endowments  to  be  provided  as  hereinbefore 
mentioned  to  recommend  and  propose  to  your  Majesty  in  Council 
that  the  patronage  of  the  said  intended  new  cure  to  be  called 
'  The  District  of  Christ  Church,  Stepney,'  shall  be  assigned  to  the 
Bishop  for  the  time  being  of  the  said  diocese  of  London,  and  that 
the  patronage  of  the  said  intended  new  cures  to  be  called  respec- 
tively *  The.  District  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Dalston,'  and  'The  Dis- 
trict of  Saint  Peter,  Limehouse,'  shall,  in  like  manner,  be  assigned 
to  the  said  Merchant  Taylors'  Company  and  their  'successors. 

"And  whereas  it  is  also  a  part  of  the  consideration  for  such 
assignment  in  the  case  of  the  said  intended  district  of  Christ  Church, 
Stepney,  that  the  arrangement  next  hereinafter  recommended  and  pro- 
posed should  be  effected. 

"  Now,  therefore,  with  such  consents,  and  so  testified  as  aforesaid, 
we  further  recommend  and  propose  that,  as  from  the  day  on  which 
the  union  hereinbefore  proposed  of  the  said  two  benefices  of  Saint 
Helen,  Bishopsgate,  and  Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  shall  have  taken  full 
legal  effect  as  hereinbefore  mentioned,  the  patronage  of  the  said  bene- 
fice and  vicarage  of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  which  patronage  is  now 
vested  in  the  Bishop  of  the  said  diocese  of  London  and  his  successors, 
shall,  without  any  conveyance  or  assurance  in  the  law  other  than  such 
duly  gazetted  Order  of  your  Majesty  in  Council,  as  is  hereinbefore 
mentioned  by  virtue  of  which  Order  the  said  union  will  have  been  SD 
effected,  be  transferred  from  the  said  John,  or  other  the  then  Bishop 
of  the  said  diocese  of  London,  and  from  his  successors,  to  and  shall 
thereupon  become  and  be  absolutely  vested  in  the  said  Merchant 
Taylors'  Company  and  their  successors  in  such  wise,  that  as  the 
patronage  of  the  said  benefice  and  rectory  of  St.  Martin,  Ontwich,  is 
already  vested  in  the  said  Merchant  Taylors'  Company  and  their 
successors,  the  whole  advowson  and  patronage  of  the  united  benefice 
hereinbefore  proposed  to  be  created  may  be  wholly  and  absolutely 
vested  in  the  said  Merchant  Taylors'  Company  and  their  successors 
for  ever. 

"  Part  IV. 
"  As  to  the  Church  of  St.  Martin,  Outwich  :— 

"  "With  respect  to  the  church  of  the  said  present  benefice  of  Saint 
Martin,  Ontwich,  we  recommend  and  propose  upon  the  said  union 
taking  effect  as  aforesaid  : 

"1.  That  the  same  church  shall  (subject  nevertheless  to  and  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  seventeenth  section  of  the  said 
Act  of  the  twenty-third  and  twenty -fourth  years  of  your  Majesty, 
chapter  one  hundred  and  forty-two)  be  taken  down,  and  its  materials 
(except  the  glass  in  the  east  window)  and  site  sold :  the  sale  thereof, 
except  so  far  as  relates  to  that  part  of  the  premises  which  is  to  be 


Appendix.  419 

purchased  by  the  Commissioners  of  Sewers  of  the  City  of  London 
under  the  provisions  hereinafter  proposed,  to  be  by  public  tender  or 
private  contract,  and  to  be  made  at  oue  time,  or  at  more  than  one 
time,  as  may  be  deemed  most  expedient  by  us,  the  said  Ecclesiastical 
Commissioners,  the  pulpit,  bells,  clocks,  organ,  and  other  furniture, 
and  fittings  (other  than  the  glass  in  the  east  window)  being  reserved 
to  be  appropriated  (if  required)  for  the  use  of  such  church  or  churches 
within  the  said  diocese  of  London  as  the  Bishop  of  the  same  diocese 
may  select,  but  if  the  Bishop  shall  think  it  undesirable  so  to  appro- 
priate the  same,  then  that  the  same  (other  than  as  aforesaid)  be  sold, 
and  the  produce  dealt  with  in  the  same  manner  as  the  produce  of  the 
sale  of  the  materials  and  site  of  the  church. 

"  2.  That  before  the  said  church  of  St.  Martin,  Outwich,  is  taken 
down,  the  glass  in  the  east  window  thereof  (which  represents  the 
armorial  bearings  of  patrons  and  rectors  of  the  same  church)  shall  be 
carefully  taken  out,  and  shall  be  inserted  in  some  window  of  the  church 
of  Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  at  the  cost  of  the  fund  created  or  to  be 
created  by  the  produce  of  the  sale  of  the  materials  and  site  of  Saint 
Martin's  Church. 

"  3.  That  before  the  site  of  the  said  church  of  Saint  Martin,  Out- 
wich, shall  be  sold  as  aforesaid,  the  said  Commissioners  of  Sewers  of 
the  City  of  London  shall  have  the  option  of  purchasing  at  a  price  to 
be  fixed  as  hereinafter  mentioned,  such  a  portion  of  the  same  site  as 
the  Surveyor  of  the  said  Commissioners  of  Sewers  shall  determine  to 
be  requisite  or  necessary  for  the  purpose  of  widening  the  street  fronting 
the  said  church  of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  but  the  said  Commissioners 
of  Sewers  shall  declare  such  option  within  fourteen  days  next  after 
the  Bishop  of  the  diocese  of  London  shall  have  notified  to  them  that 
the  time  for  declaring  such  option  has  arrived,  and  if  the  said  Com- 
missioners of  Sewers  shall  elect  to  make  such  purchase  as  aforesaid, 
the  land  so  purchased  shall  be  appropriated  to  the  purpose  of  widening 
the  street  above  mentioned,  and  to  no  other  purpose. 

"  4.  That  the  Surveyor  of  us,  the  said  Ecclesiastical  Commissioners 
for  England,  and  the  Surveyor  of  the  said  Commissioners  of  Sewers 
shall  together  determine  and  fix  within  fourteen  days  next  after  the 
said  Commissioners  of  Sewers  shall  have  elected  to  purchase  under 
the  option  aforesaid,  the  price  to  be  paid  by  the  said  Commissioners  of 
Sewers  for  the  land  so  to  be  purchased,  and  the  said  two  Surveyors 
shall,  before  they  proceed  to  determine  and  fix  such  price  as  aforesaid, 
agree  upon  a  third  surveyor  to  act  as  umpire  between  them,  and  to 
determine  and  fix  the  price  as  aforesaid,  in  case  they  are  unable  to 
agree,  and  the  determination  of  such  umpire  shall  be  final,  but  if  from 
any  cause  whatsoever  the  price  to  be  paid  as  aforesaid  by  the  Com- 
missioners of  Sewers  for  the  land  so  to  be  purchased  as  aforesaid  shall 
not  have  been  determined  and  fixed,  and  shall,  not  have  been  actually 
paid  by  the  said  Commissioners  of  Sewers  before  the  expiration  of  two 
calendar  months  from  the  day  on  which  the  said  Commissioners  of 
Sewers  shall  have  received  notice  from  the  Bishop  as  aforesaid,  the 
option  of  purchase  hereby  proposed  to  be  given  to  the  said  Com- 
missioners of  Sewers  shall  absolutely  cease  at  law  and  in  equity,  and 


420  Appendix. 

the  site  of  the  said  church  of  St.  Martin,  Outwich,  and  every  part 
thereof,  shall  as  from  the  expiration  of  the  said  two  calendar  months 
be  absolutely  discharged  from  such  option  and  from  all  right  or  claim 
of  the  said  Commissioners  of  Sewers  in  respect  thereof,  and  this  pro- 
vision shall  take  full  effect  notwithstanding  that  the  cause  of  delay 
may  have  arisen  from  unavoidable  accident. 

"  5.  That  the  purchase  money  to  be  paid  by  the  said  Commissioners 
of  Sewers  for  the  land  which  they  shall  have  the  temporary  option  of 
purchasing  as  aforesaid  shall,  by  the  said  Commissioners  of  Sewers, 
be  paid  to  us  the  Ecclesiastical  Commissioners  for  England,  and  the 
land  to  be  therewith  purchased  shall,  immediately  after  such  payment, 
be  conveyed  to  the  said  Commissioners  of  Sewers  for  the  purpose 
aforesaid  by  us,  under  the  authority  of  the  Order  of  your  Majesty  in 
Council  whereby  this  scheme  will  have  been  before  such  purchase 
ratified. 

"  Part  V. 

"  As  to  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  Church  :* — 

"  With  respect  to  the  monies  to  be  realized  by  such  sale  or  sales  as 
aforesaid,  of  the  materials,  site,  furniture  and  fittings  (all  or  any  of 
these  things)  of  the  said  church  of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  we  recom- 
mend and  propose : 

"  1.  That,  in  the  first  place,  such  a  sum  as  we  may  think  necessary 
and  reasonable  shall  be  set  apart  by  us  out  of  the  amount  (so  far  as 
the  amount  can  at  the  time  of  such  setting  apart  be  ascertained)  of  all 
monies  received  or  receivable  in  respect  of  such  sale  or  sales,  and 
shall  be  added  to  the  fund  mentioned  in  the  twenty-second  section  of 
the  hereinbefore  mentioned  Act  of  the  twenty-third  and  twenty-fourth 
years  of  your  Majesty,  chapter  one  hundred  and  forty-two. 

"  2.  That,  in  the  next  place,  out  of  the  monies  received  or  receivable 
as  aforesaid,  there  shall  be  purchased  by  us  such  an  amount  of  Three 
Pounds  per  Centum  Consolidated  Bank  Annuities  as  will  produce 
annual  dividends  or  income  to  the  amount  of  two  hundred  and  fifty- 
two  pounds,  and  that  the  dividends  on  the  stock  so  purchased,  that  is 
to  say,  a  sum  of  two  hundred  and  fifty-two  pounds  per  annum  shall  be 
paid  by  us  as  and  when  the  same  dividends  shall  become  payable  to  the 
churchwardens  for  the  time  being  of  the  parish  of  Saint  Martin,  Out- 
wich, whose  receipt  shall  be  a  sufficient  discharge  to  us  for  every  such 
payment ;  every  sum  so  paid  by  us  to  be  applied  by  the  said  church- 
wardens in  payment  of  the  annuities  which,  for  the  time  being,  may 
be  payable  under  the  provisions  of  a  certain  Act  of  Parliament  passed 
in  the  thirty-sixth  year  of  His  late  Majesty  King  George  the  Third, 
intituled  l  An  Act  for  Rebuilding  the  Parish  Church  of  Saint  Martin, 
Outwich,  in  Threadneedle  Street,  within  the  city  of  London,'  and  also, 
and  equally  in  payment  of  a  certain  other  annuity  to  commence  and 
accrue  as  from  the  date  of  the  publication  in  the  London  Gazette  of  any 


*  The  sale  realized  38,\*79l.  6s.  2d.,  leaving  (without  any  deduction  for  legal 
expenses)  25,185Z.  16s.  2d.  for  the  other  parishes.  8000?.  was  assigned  to  each  of 
the  parishes  of  Dalston  and  Stepney. 


Appendix.  421 

Order  of  your  Majesty  in  Council  ratifying  this  scheme,  to  wit,  an  an- 
nuity of  thirty-four  pounds,  to  be  payable  and  paid  half-yearly  by  the 
said  churchwardens  to  Louisa  England,  the  present  Organist  of  the  said 
church  of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich.  during  her  life  :  Provided,  neverthe- 
less, that  no  such  payment  by  us  to  the  said  churchwardens  shall  be 
held  to  create  as  against  us  any  trust,  except  in  respect  of  the  said  church- 
wardens only  :  And  provided  also,  that  we  may,  if  we  shall  see  fit,  sell 
from  time  to  time  any  part  of  the  stock  so  to  be  purchased  as  afore- 
said, and  pay  over  to  the  said  churchwardens  the  amount  realized  by 
such  sale  or  sales  of  stock  if  and  whenever  we  shall  be  requested  by 
the  said  churchwardens  so  to  do,  and  if  we  shall  be  satisfied  that  the 
money  to  be  realised  by  such  sale  and  so  paid  will  be  applied  by  the 
said  churchwardens  in  redemption  of  the  said  annuities  or  some  or  one 
of  them  respectively  : — 

"  Provided  also  that  if  in  any  year  the  dividends  for  that  year  upon 
the  stock  then  held  by  us  under  the  investment  aforesaid  shall  be  more 
than  sufficient  (according  to  the  testimony  of  the  said  churchwardens) 
to  pay  all  the  then  subsisting  annuities,  the  amount  of  the  surplus 
shall  be  invested  by  us  in  the  same  securities  and  be  added  to  the 
original  principal  sum  thereof,  and  be  subject  to  the  provisions  in  this 
clause  contained.  And  provided,  lastly,  that  after  the  cesser,  from 
whatever  cause,  of  the  said  annuities,  any  balance  remaining  in  our 
hands  of  the  original  and  accumulated  principal  of  the  investment  or 
investments  made  under  this  clause,  shall  be  disposed  of  as  in  the 
eighth  clause  of  this  fifth  part  of  this  present  scheme  is  provided  with 
respect  to  the  residuary  monies  therein  mentioned. 

"  3.  That,  in  the  next  place,  out  of  or  in  respect  of  the  monies  received 
or  receivable  by  or  in  consequence  of  such  sale  or  sales  as  aforesaid 
of  the  materials,  site,  furniture  or  fittings  of  the  said  church  of  Saint 
Martin,  Outwich,  there  shall  be  paid  by  us  to  the  vestry  of  the  said 
parish  of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  a  sum  of  one  hundred  and  fifty 
pounds,  to  be  by  the  said  vestry  applied  and  apportioned  as  in  the 
thirteenth  section  of  the  first  part  of  this  scheme  is  provided. 

"  4.  That,  in  the  next  place,  out  of  or  in  respect  of  monies  received 
or  receivable  by  us  as  aforesaid  from  the  sale  of  the  materials,  site, 
furniture  or  fittings  of  the  said  church  of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  there 
shall  be  paid  by  us  to  the  incumbent  and  churchwardens  (whose  re- 
ceipt shall  be  a  sufficient  discharge  to  us  for  the  same)  of  the  said 
united  benefice,  a  capital  sum  of  three  thousand  pounds,  the  same 
capital  sum  or  the  interest  thereof  only,  or  some  portion  of  the  capital, 
with  or  without  interest,  to  be  applied  by  the  said  incumbent  and 
churchwardens  at  their  discretion  in  repairing  and  keeping  in  repair 
the  church  of  the  united  benefice,  that  is  to  say,  the  said  church  of 
Saint  Helen,  Bishopsgate,  and  in  putting  the  same  into  a  fit  and  proper 
condition  to  become  the  church  of  the  united  benefice  as  aforesaid,  and 
in  reseating  the  same  under  the  provisions  of  the  twenty-eighth  section 
of  the  said  Act  of  the  twenty-third  and  twenty-fourth  years  of  your 
Majesty,  chapter  one  hundred  and  forty-two. 

"  5.  That,  in  the  next  place,  out  of  the  monies  to  be  received  by  us 
as  aforesaid,  such  a  sum  as  we  may  consider  sufficient  shall  be  set  apart 


422  Appendix. 

by  us  for,  and  shall  be  applied  at  our  discretion  in,  the  erection  of  a 
church  within  and  for  the  said  intended  district  of  the  Holy  Trinity, 
Dalston :  such  church  to  be  erected  upon  a  site  which  shall  have  been 
duly  conveyed  to  us  in  the  manner  provided  by  law. 

"  6.  That,  in  the  next  place,  out  of  the  monies  to  be  received  by 
us  as  aforesaid,  such  a  sum  as  we  may  consider  sufficient  shall  be  set 
apart  by  us  for,  and  shall  be  applied  at  our  discretion  in,  the  erection 
of  a  church  within  and  for  the  said  intended  district  of  Christ  Church, 
Stepney :  such  church  to  be  erected  upon  a  site  which  shall  have  been 
duly  conveyed  to  us  as  last  aforesaid. 

"  7.  That,  in  the  next  place,  out  of  the  monies  to  be  received  by 
us  as  aforesaid,  such  a  sum  as  we  may  consider  sufficient  shall  be  set 
apart  by  us  for,  and  shall  be  applied  at  our  discretion  in,  the  erection 
of  a  church  within  and  for  the  said  intended  district  of  Saint  Peter, 
Limehouse  :  such  church  to  be  erected  upon  a  site  which  shall  have 
been  duly  conveyed  to  us  as  aforesaid. 

"  8.  Provided  always,  and  be  it  clearly  understood,  that  with  re- 
spect to  the  sums  to  be  set  apart  and  applied  as  aforesaid  for  and  in 
the  erection  of  churches  for  the  said  intended  districts  of  the  Holy 
Trinity,  Dalston,  Christ  Church,  Stepney,  and  Saint  Peter,  Limehouse, 
such  sums  shall  be  so  set  apart  by  us  in  the  order  in  which  the  said 
proposed  churches  are  hereinbefore  mentioned,  and  shall  be  so  set 
apart  by  us  only  if  and  when  and  so  far  as  the  monies  actually  in  our 
hands  in  respect  of  the  proceeds  of  the  aforesaid  sale  or  sales  of  the 
materials,  site,  furniture  and  fittings  of  the  said  church  of  Saint  Martin, 
Outwicb,  shall  be  sufficient,  having  regard  to  the  provisions  of  this 
scheme  and  of  the  said  Act  of  the  twenty -third  and  twenty-fourth 
years  of  your  Majesty,  chapter  one  hundred  and  forty-two,  to  provide 
the  same.  And  provided  also  that  interest  at  the  rate  of  three  pounds 
per  centum  per  annum  shall  be  allowed  by  us  upon  any  sums  so  set 
apart,  and  upon  all  balances  from  time  to  time  in  our  hands  applicable 
to  the  erection  of  the  said  churches,  and  all  such  interest  shall  be 
added  to,  and  constitute  part  of,  the  principal  of  the  same  sums.  And 
provided  also,  that  each  of  such  sums  so  set  apart,  when  it  has  been 
increased  by  accumulation  as  aforesaid,  and  is  therefore  in  excess  of 
the  sum  set  apart  by  us  as  sufficient  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  was 
set  apart  may  be  by  us  reduced,  if  we  shall  see  fit,  to  the  amount  ori- 
ginally set  apart,  but  so  that  the  surplus  thus  deducted  may  be  by  us, 
if  we  shall  see  fit,  applied  in  aid  of  the  sums  or  sum  to  be  set  apart 
and  applied  by  us  for  and  in  the  erection  of  the  other  two  churches  or 
one  of  them.  And  provided  also,  that  if  and  when  any  of  the  said 
three  sums  shall  have  been  by  us  set  apart  as  aforesaid,  the  time  for 
applying  and  expending  the  same  sums  or  sum  shall  be  ascertained  by 
a  certificate,  to  be  addressed  to  us  by  the  Bishop  of  the  said  diocese  of 
London  and  by  the  Merchant  Taylors'  Company.  And  provided 
lastly,  that  all  (if  any)  monies  which,  after  satisfying  the  several  ap- 
propriations in  this  fifth  part  of  this  present  scheme  mentioned  and 
recommended  and  proposed  to  be  made,  shall  remain  out  of  or  in  re- 
spect of  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  or  sales  of  materials,  site,  furniture 
and  fittings  of  the  said  church  of  Saint  Martin,  Outwich,  shall  be  by 


Appendix.  423 

us  added  to  the  sum  to  be  set  apart  by  us  under  the  first  clause  of  this 
fifth  part  of  this  present  scheme,  and  shall  be  dealt  with  accordingly. 

"  9.  And  provided  also,  that  the  scheme  hereby  proposed  shall  not 
take  effect  until  the  consents  and  approval  which,  by  the  seventeenth 
section  of  the  said  Act  of  the  twenty-third  and  twenty-fourth  years  of 
your  Majesty,  chapter  one  hundred  and  forty-two,  are  made  requisite 
to  the  sale  or  letting  or  appropriation  under  the  powers  conferred  by 
that  Act,  of  the  site  of  any  church  shall  be  obtained  to  the  sale  and 
appropriation  hereby  proposed  of  the  site  of  the  said  church  of  Saint 
Martin,  Outwich. 

"  10.  And  provided  also,  that  nothing  hereinbefore  contained  shall 
prevent  us  from  hereafter  recommending  and  proposing  any  other 
measures  relating  to  the  matters  aforesaid,  or  any  of  them,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  provisions  of  the  said  Acts  of  Parliament,  or  of  either  of 
them,  or  of  any  other  Act  of  Parliament." 

And  whereas  the  said  scheme  has  been  laid  before  both  Houses  of 
Parliament  for  the  space  of  two  calendar  months. 

And  whereas  the  said  scheme  has  been  approved  by  Her  Majesty 
in  Council :  now,  therefore,  Her  Majesty,  by  and  with  the  advice  of 
Her  said  Council,  is  pleased  hereby  to  ratify  the  said  scheme,  and  to 
order  and  direct  that  the  same,  and  every  part  thereof,  shall  be  effec- 
tual in  law  immediately  from  and  after  the  time  when  this  Order  shall 
have  been  duly  published  in  the  London  Gazette,  pursuant  to  the  said 
Acts  ;  and  Her  Majesty,  by  and  with  the  like  advice,  is  pleased  hereby 
to  direct  that  this  Order  be  forthwith  registered  by  the  Registrar  of 
the  said  diocese  of  London. 

EDMUND  HAEEISON. 
Page  64. 

By  an  oversight  the  following  particulars  as  to  the  monuments  of 
William  Bond  and  Thomas  Benolte  were  omitted  in  the  text : — 

WILLIAM  BOND.  Here  lyeth  the  body  of  William  Bond, 
Alderman,  and  sometime  Sheriff  of  London,  a  merchant  adventurer, 
and  most  famous — in  his  age — for  his  great  adventures  both  by  sea 
and  land.  Obit.  30  die  Maii  1576. 

Flos  mercatorum,  quos  terra  Britanna  creavit, 
Ecce  sub  hoc  tumulo,  Gulielmus  Bondus,  humatur. 
Ille  mari  inultum  passus  per  saxa,  per  undas, 
Ditavit  patrias  perigrinis  mercibus  oras. 
Magnaniraum  Orceci  mirantur  Jasona  vates ; 
Aurea  de  gelido  retulit  quia  vellera  Phasi, 
Grsecia  docta,  tace,  Qraii  concedite  vates  ; 
Hie  jacet  Argolico  M creator  Jasone  major. 
Vellera  inulta  tulit,  magis  aurea  vellere  Phryxi, 
Et  freta  multa  scidet,  magis  ardua  Phasidos  undis  : 
Hei  mihi  quod  nullo  mors  est  superabilis  auro, 
Flos  mercatorum,  Gulielmus  Bondus,  humatur.* 


*  Behold,  under  this  tomb  WILLIAM  BOND,  "  the  flower  of  the  merchants''  which 
the  land  of  Britain  has  produced,  lies  buried.  He  having  suffered  much  amongst 
waves  and  rocks,  enriched  the  shores  of  his  country  by  means  of  foreign  merchandize  : 


424  Appendix. 


Page  74. 

The  following  "  circumscription"  of  the  brass  containing  the 
effigies  of  Thomas  Beuolte,  Clarenceux  King  of  Arms,  and  his  two 
wives — long  since  removed — is  thus  given  in  Maitland's  Hist,  of 
London,  vol.  ii.  pp.  1607,  Ed.  Lond.  1775 : — 

"  Here  under  lieth  the  Bodi  of  Thorns  Benolte,  Squyer,  sometyme 
Servat  and  Offycer  of  Armes  by  the  name  of  Windsore  Herault  unto 
the  right  high  and  mighty  Prince  of  most  drade  Souaye 

Lod  Kyg  Hery  the  viij,  which  Thorns  Benolt,  otherwyse  namyd 
Clarenceux  Kyg  of  Armes  decesid  the  viij.  daye  of  May  in  the  Yere 
of  our  Lord  Grod  Mvcxxxiiij  in  the  xxvi  Yere  of  our  said  Soveraye 
Lord." 

Pages  67  and  248.— Mayor  of  the  Staple. 

"  As  the  seas  became  safer,  and  the  mercantile  spirit  of  the  Flemings 
rose,  the  great  free  cities  of  Flanders  became  as  it  were  perpetual 
fairs,  and  were  known  as  staples,  from  the  German  '  stapeln,'  to  keep 
up.  In  order  that  trade  should  be  well  under  command,  it  was 
necessary  that  it  should  be  carried  on  in  few  channels.  The  English 
Government  had  therefore  chosen  some  of  these  Flemish  towns,  and 
ordered  that  all  the  chief  productions  of  England,  which  have  been 
already  mentioned,  should  be  sold  in  those  towns,  and  nowhere  else. 
These  goods  were  therefore  called  staple  commodities;  the  merchants  who 
traded  in  them,  the  merchants  of  the  staple.  And  this  staple  trade  was 
put  under  an  organization — there  being  a  mayor,  a  constable,  and  courts 
of  the  staple.  At  these  staple  towns,  the  King's  customers,  or  custom- 
house officers,  by  means  of  this  organization,  had  every  bargain  under 
direct  supervision ;  and  every  bargain  thus  supervised  was  obliged  to 
be  made  for  a  certain  sum  of  actual  coin,  the  government  thus  secur- 
ing a  continual  flow  of  silver  into  the  hands  of  the  English  merchants. 
The  staple  towns  were  frequently  changed.  To  reward  any  particu- 
larly faithful  ally,  or  to  raise  the  importance  of  any  particular  town, 
as  for  instance  Calais,  the  staple  was  removed  to  that  Prince's  pro- 
vince, or  to  that  town.  The  proportion  of  each  bargain  to  be  brought 
over  in  coin  was  also  constantly  varying.  Indeed,  the  frequent  in- 
terference of  government  in  such  matters  was  not  among  the  least 
of  the  restrictions  of  trade.  Edward  III.  was  said,  at  one  time  of  his 
life,  to  have  had  a  different  plan  every  month.  Upon  the  whole, 
however,  the  principle  was  the  same.  Amongst  the  most  remarkable 
plans  of  Edward  III.  was  one  for  keeping  the  evident  riches  that 


Grecian  poets  admire  the  mighty  Jason,  for  his  having  brought  the  golden  fleece  from 
the  icy  Phasis.  O  learned  Greece  be  silent !  O  Grecian  poets  yield  the  palm  !  Here 
lies  a  merchant  far  greater  than  the  Grecian  Jason.  He  carried  away  many  fleeces 
more  golden  than  those  of  Phryxis,  and  passed  over  many  seas  more  rough  than  the 
waves  of  Phasis. 

Alas !  that  death  cannot  be  bribed  by  gold  ! 

The  Flower  of  Merchants — William  Bond — is  buried. 


Appendix.  425 

accrued  to  the  staple  towns  within  the  limits  of  England.*  In  the 
twenty-seventh  year  of  his  reign  he  named  nine  towns  in  England 
which  were  to  be  the  exclusive  selling  places  of  the  English  staple 
commodities.  For  an  Englishman  to  carry  such  commodities  beyond 
the  seas  was  punishable  by  death.  As  Edward  could  not  protect  the 
foreign  merchants  visiting  his  staples,  and  as  the  additional  trouble  of 
purchasing  goods  at  them  naturally  lowered  prices,  this  plan  did  not 
answer.  It  was,  in  fact,  suicidal  for  an  island  people,  since  it  destroyed 
all  object  in  the  keeping  up  a  mercantile  navy.  It  was  therefore 
speedily  abandoned :  and  after  the  reign  of  Henry  VI.  Calais  became 
the  sole  English  staple  town."t 

Page  249. — Merchant  Adventurers. 

"  This  celebrated  commercial  company,  said  to  have  originated  in 
the  London  Mercers'  Company,  obtained  privileges  from  John  of 
Brabant  in  1296,  and  established  themselves  at  Antwerp  under  the 
title  of  the  Brotherhood  of  St.  Thomas  Beckett.  In  1358  they  were 
encouraged  by  Louis,  Count  of  Flanders,  who  permitted  them  to  form 
an  establishment  at  Bruges ;  and  in  1406  they  received  their  first 
charter  from  Henry  IV.  of  England.  Edward  IV.  granted  a  new 
charter  in  1466.  Their  importance  was  much  increased  by  the  cele- 
brated treaty  known  as  the  Intercursus  magnus,  which  was  concluded 
between  Henry  VII.  and  Philip,  Archduke  of  the  Netherlands, 
Feb.  24,  1406 ;  and  in  1497  the  company  began  to  assume  the  title  of 
the  Merchant  Adventurers.  Henry  VIII.  granted  them  a  charter  in 
1513 ;  Queen  Elizabeth  granted  them  a  charter  in  1560,  and  a  second 
July  8,  1564,  confirming  all  former  charters  and  privileges.  Owing  to 
the  opposition  of  the  Hanse  Towns,  they  were  temporarily  expelled 
from  Germany  in  1597,  but  they  were  soon  invited  to  return. 
James  I.  granted  them  a  charter  in  1617,  and  their  privileges  were 
confirmed  by  Charles  I.  in  1634.  They  settled  at  Dort  in  1647,  and 
made  Hamburgh  their  principal  staple  about  1651.  After  1661  Ham- 
burgh became  their  only  foreign  station.  In  1765  the  company  pub- 
lished a  report,  wherein  they  stated  that  their  trade  had  been  long 
declining."^ 


*  "  Staple  was  regulated  by  27  Edw.  III.  st.  2  (1353).  The  five  chief  or  staple  com- 
modities of  the  kingdom  were  wool,  woodfells  (sheep-skins),  leather,  lead,  and  tin  (butter, 
cheese,  and  cloth  were  sometimes  added) ;  which  could  only  be  sold  for  exportation  by 
i  corporation  called  Merchants  of  the  Staple,  and  could  only  be  sent  from  certain 
towns  known  as  towns  of  the  Staple.  These  towns  were  Bristol,  Caermarthen,  Calais, 
Canterbury,  Chichester,  Cork,  Drogheda,  Dublin,  Exeter,  Lincoln,  London,  Middle- 
burgh,  Newcastle-on-Tyne,  Norwich,  Waterford,  and  York.  By  27  Edw.  III.  st.  2, 
c.  3  (1353),  it  was  felony  for  any  but  authorised  merchants  to  deal  in  staple  goods. 
The  Staple  was  the  subject  of  numerous  statutes."  Townsend's  Manual  of  Dates, 
p.  932.  Ed.  Lond.  1874. 

f  Bright's  English  History,  vol.  i.  p.  257.     Ed.  Lond.  1875. 
J  Townsend's  Manual  of  Dates,  p.  649. 


426  Appendix. 


Page  271. —  Gresham  Family  Pedigree. 

JOHN    GRESHAM,     OP     HOLT. 


Sir  Richard  Gresham Sir  John  Gresham 

Sir  John  Gresham      SIR  THOMAS        Margaret  William  Gresham  of  Titsey 

GBBSHAM.  married  I 

Elizabeth  Sir  John  Thynne  Sir  Thomas  Gresham 

wife  of  Sir  H.  Nevill  from  I 

whom  Sir  Edward  Gresham 

Sir  H.  Neville,  ob.  1615  is  | 

descended      Thomas  Gresham    Sir  Marmaduke  Gresham 
Sir  H.  Will,  ob.  162,9  the  |  | 

|  Marquess  of  Jane  Sir  Charles  Gresham,  Bart. 

Richard  Nevill  Bath.  married  | 

John  Lloyd         Sir  Marmaduke  Gresham 
Richard  Nevill  of  Dolobran.  | 

I  Sir  John  Gresham 

Catherine,  wife  of  | 

Richard  Aldworth  Catherine  wife  of 

W.  L.  Gower. 
Richard  Neville  Aldworth  | 

I  William  Leveson-Gower,  Esq. 

Richard  Lord  Braybrooke  of  Titsey  Park,  Surrey. 

Richard  Lord  Braybrooke  Granville  William  Gresham 

|  Leveson-Gower,  1860. 

Charles  Cornwallis  Neville, 
Lord  Braybrooke. 

Page  284. — Abstract  of  the  Will  of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham. 

THIS  is  THE  LASTE  WILL  written  and  disposition  of  me,  SIB 
THOMAS  G-RESHAM,  of  the  cittye  of  London,  Knight,  concerning  all 
my  mannors,  landes,  tenementes,  and  hereditamentes,  mentioned  and 
conteyned  in  one  quadripartite  indenture,  made  betweene  me  the  said 
Sir  Thomas  Gresham  and  Dame  Anne  my  wife  on  the  one  partye,  and 
Phillippe  Scudamore,  gent.,  and  Thomas  Celey  on  the  other  partie, 
dated  the  20th  day  of  May,  in  the  seaventeenth  yere  of  the  raigne  of 
our  Soveraigne  Lady,  Queene  Elizabeth. 

First,  concerninge  the  buildinges  in  London,  called  the  EOIALL 
EXCHAINGE,  and  the  pawnes,  and  shoppes,  sellers,  vawtes,  messuages, 
tenementes,  and  other  whatsoever  myne  hereditamentes,  parcell  or 
adjoyninge  to  the  said  Eoiall  Exchainge,  I  will  and  dispose,  that  after 
the  expiration  and  determynation  of  the  particular  uses,  estates,  and 
interestes  for  life  and  entayle  thereof,  lymitted  in  the  said  indenture 
bearinge  date  the  20  of  May,  I  will  and  dispose  that  one  moietye 
thereof  shall  remayne,  and  the  use  thereof  shall  be  unto  the  Maior 
and  cominalty  and  citizens  of  London,  by  whatsoever  especiall  name 
or  addition  the  same  corporation  is  made  or  knowne,  and  to  theire 
successors,  for  tearme  of  fiftye  yeres  then  next  ensuinge,  upon  truste 
or  confidence  and  to  the  intente,  that  they  doe  performe  the  paiements 
and  other  intentes  in  these  presentes  hereafter  lymitted,  thereof  by 
them  to  be  done  and  performed.  And  the  other  moietye  of  the  said 
buildings,  called  the  Eoiall  Exchainge,  pawnes,  shoppes,  cellors,  vawtes, 
messuages,  tenementes,  and  other  myne  hereditamentes,  with  the 
appurtenances  thereunto  adjoyninge,  shall  remayne,  and  the  use 
thereof  shall  be  to  the  wardeins  and  cominalty  of  the  mistery  of  the 


Appendix.  427 

mercers  of  the  cittye  of  London,  viz.,  to  the  corporate  body  and  cor- 
poration of  the  company  of  mercers  in  London  by  whatsoever  especiall 
name  or  addition  the  same  corporation  is  made  or  knowne,  and  to 
theire  successors,  for  tearme  of  fiftye  yeres  next  ensuinge,  upon  truste 
and  confidence,  and  to  the  intente,  that  they  doe  performe  the  paie- 
mentes  and  other  intentes  in  these  presentes  hereafter  lymitted, 
thereof  by  them  to  be  done  and  performed.  And  I  will  and  dispose, 
that  after  such  tyme  as  the  one  moitye  of  the  said  Boiall  Exchainge 
and  other  premisses,  according  to  the  intente  and  meaninge  of  these 
presentes,  shall  come  to  the  said  maior  and  corporation  of  the  said 
cittye,  and  from  thence  so  longe  as  they  and  their  successors  shall  by 
any  means  or  tytle,  hould,  or  enjoy  the  same,  they  and  their  successors 
every  yere  shall  give  and  distribute  to  and  for  the  sustentation,  rnayn- 
tenance  and  findinge  foure  persons  from  tyme  to  tyme  to  be  chosen, 
nominated,  and  appointed  by  the  said  maior  and  cominalty,  and 
cittezens  and  their  successors,  mete  to  reade  the  lecture  of  divynitye, 
astronomy,  musicke,  and  geometry,  within  myne  nowe  dwelling-house 
in  the  parishe  of  St.  Helynes  in  Bishopsgate  Streete,  and  St.  Peters 
the  Pore  in  the  cittye  of  London  (the  moitye  whereof  hereafter  in 
this  my  last  will  is  by  me  lymitted  and  disposed  unto  the  said  maior 
and  cominalty  and  cittezens  of  the  said  cittye),  the  somme  of  200Z.,  of 
lawful  money  of  Englande,  in  manner  and  forme  followinge,  viz.  to 
every  of  the  said  readers  for  the  tyme  beinge  the  somme  of  50Z.  of 
lawfull  money  of  England  yerely  for  theire  sallaries  and  stipendes, 
mete  for  foure  sufficiently  learned  to  reade  the  saide  lectures :  the 
same  stipendes  and  sallaries,  and  every  of  them,  to  be  paid  at  two 
usuall  tearmes  in  the  yere  yearly  ;  that  is  to  say,  at  the  feastes  of  the 
Annunciation  of  St.  Mary  the  Virgin,  and  of  St.  Mighell  the  Arch- 
angell,  by  even  portions  to  be  paid.  And  further,  that  the  said  maior 
and  cominalty,  and  cittezens  of  the  said  cittie  and  their  successors, 
from  thenceforth,  and  so  long  as  they  and  theire  successors  shall  by 
any  means  have,  hould,  or  enjoy  the  said  moiety  before  in  these 
preseutes  to  them  disposed,  shall  give  and  distribute  the  somme 
of  53Z.  6s.  8d.  of  lawfull  money  of  England  yerely  in  manner  and 
forme  following,  viz.  unto  eight  almes  folkes  whome  the  said  maior 
and  cominalty  and  cittezens  or  theire  successors,  shall  appoint  to  in- 
habite  my  eight  almes  houses  in  the  said  parish  of  St.  Peters  the  Pore, 
to  every  of  them  the  said  almes  folkes  the  somme  of  61.  13s.  4<d.  to  be 
paid  at  foure  usuall  tearmes  in  the  yere  yearly,  that  is  to  say,  at  the 
feast  of  St.  Mighell  the  Archangell,  the  Nativity  of  our  Lord  God, 
the  Annunciation  of  the  blessed  Virgin  Marye,  and  Nativitye  of  St. 
John  Baptiste,  by  even  portions.  And  further,  that  the  said  maior 
and  cominalty  and  cittezens  of  the  said  cittye  and  theire  successors, 
from  thenceforth,  and  so  longe  as  they  and  theire  successors  shall  by 
any  means  have,  hould,  and  enjoy  the  said  moitye  before  in  these 
presentes  to  them  disposed,  shall  give  and  distribute  at  the  tearmes 
aforesaid,  to  the  reliefe  of  the  pore  persons  and  prisoners  in  the  prisons 
and  places  called  or  knowne  by  the  names  of  Newgate,  Ludgate,  the 
King's  Bench,  the  Marshalsea,  and  Counter,  now  kept  in  Wood 
Streete,  and  wheresoever  the  same  prison  hereafter  shall  be  kepte,  501. 


428  Appendix. 

of  lawful  money  of  England  in  money,  or  other  provision  and  neces- 
saries for  them,  viz.  to  every  of  the  same  prisons  or  places,  101.,  at  the 
foure  usuall  feastes  or  tearmes  of  paimeutes  of  rentes  within  the  same 
cittye  of  London  most  accustomed,  or  within  28  daies  next  after,  by 
even  portions. 

And  as  concerning  the  other  moitye,  before  in  this  my  presente 
last  will  disposed  to  the  said  wardeins  and  cominalty  of  the  corporation 
of  the  mercers,  I  will  and  dispose,  that  after  such  tyme  as  the  same 
moitye,  accordiuge  to  the  intent  and  meaninge  of  these  presentes,  shall 
come  to  the  said  wardeins  and  corporation  of  the  mercers ;  and  from 
thenceforth,  so  longe  as  they  and  their  successors  shall  by  any  meanes 
or  title  have,  hould,  and  enjoy  the  same,  that  they  and  theire  succes- 
sors, every  yere  yearly,  shall  give,  and  pay,  and  distribute  to  and  for 
the  findiuge,  sustentation  and  mayntenaunce  of  three  persons,  by  them 
the  said  wardeins  and  cominalty  and  theire  successors  from  tyme  to 
tyme  to  be  chosen  and  appointed,  meete  to  reade  the  lectures  of  lawe, 
phissicke,  and  rhetoricke,  within  myne  nowe  dwellinge-house  in  the 
parishe  of  St.  Hellyns  in  Bishopsgate  Streete,  and  St.  Peters  the  Pore, 
in  the  said  cittye  of  London,  (the  moitye  whereof  hereafter  in  this  my 
presente  last  will  is  by  me  appointed  and  disposed  to  the  said  corpora- 
tion of  the  mercers,)  the  somme  of  1501.  of  lawfull  money  of  England, 
in  manner  and  forme  followinge,  viz.  to  every  of  the  said  readers  for 
the  tyme  beinge  the  somme  of  50Z.,  for  theire  sallaries  and  stipendes, 
mete  for  three  sufficiently  learned  to  reade  the  said  lectures,  at  two 
usuall  tearmes  in  the  yere,  that  is  to  say,  at  the  feast  of  the  Annun- 
ciation of  the  blessed  Virgin  Marye,  and  of  St.  Mighell  the  Archangell, 
by  even  portions  to  be  paid.  And  that  the  said  wardeins  and  corpo- 
ration of  the  mercers  and  their  successors,  from  henceforth,  and  so 
longe  as  they  and  theire  successors  shall  by  any  means  have,  hould,  or 
enjoy  the  said  moitye  before  in  these  presentes  to  them  disposed,  shall 
yerely  bestowe  and  expende  1001.  of  lawfull  money  of  England,  in 
manner  and  forme  followinge,  that  is  to  say,  severally  at  foure  several 
tearmes  in  the  yere,  in  and  about  the  expences  and  charges  of  a  feast 
or  dinner  for  the  whole  company  of  the  same  corporation,  to  be  had 
and  made  in  the  Mercers  Haull  in  the  said  cittye  of  London,  and  in 
every  their  quarter  day  the  somme  of  257. 

[He  further  gives  to  Christ's  Hospital,  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospi- 
tal, Bethlem  Hospital,  the  Hospital  of  the  poore  in  Southwark,  and  the 
Counter  in  the  Poultry,  to  each  ~LOL  per  ann.  And  directs  that  the 
maior,  &c  shall  place  or  put  eight  poore  and  ympotente  persons  into 
the  eight  alms  houses.]  AND,  AS  CONCEBNINGE  MY  SAID  MANSION 
HOUSE,  with  the  gardeins,  stables,  and  all  and  singular  other  the  ap- 
purtenances in  the  said  parishe  of  St.  Hellyn's  in  Bishopsgate  Streete, 
and  St.  Peter's  the  Pocre,  in  the  citty  of  London,  I  will  and  dispose, 
that  after  the  end,  determynation,  or  expiration  of  the  particular 
estates,  uses,  interestes,  and  entayles  thereof  lymitted  by  the  said  in- 
denture quadripartite,  dated  the  said  20  day  of  Maie,  the  same  my 
mansion  house,  gardein,  stables,  and  other  the  appurtenances  shall  re- 
mayne,  and  the  use  thereof  shall  be,  to  the  maior  and  cominalty  and 
cittezens  of  the  said  cittye  of  London,  by  whatsoever  name  or  addition 


Appendix.  429 

the  same  corporation  is  made  or  knowne,  and  to  theire  successors  ;  and 
also  to  the  wardeins  and  cominalty  of  the  mistery  of  the  mercers  of 
the  city  of  London  :  viz.  to  the  corporate  body  and  corporation  of  the 
mercers  of  London,  by  whatsoever  name  or  addition  the  same  corpora- 
tion is  made  or  knowne  :  to  have  and  to  hould  in  common  for  and 
during  the  tearme  of  50  yeres,  from  thence  next  followinge  full  to  be 
compleate  and  ended,  upon  trust  and  confidence,  that  they  observe, 
performe,  and  keepe  my  will,  intente  and  meaninge  hereafter  in  these 
presentes  expressed.  And  my  will,  intente,  and  meaninge  is,  that  the 
said  maior  and  cominalty,  and  cittezens,  and  theire  successors,  and  that 
the  said  wardeins  and  cominalty  of  the  mercers,  and  theire  successors, 
after  such  tyme  as  the  said  mansion-house,  gardein,  and  other  the  ap- 
purtenances, shall  by  vertue  of  these  presentes  come  unto  them,  and 
from  thenceforth,  so  longe  as  they  and  theire  successors,  or  any  of, 
them,  shall  have,  hould,  or  enjoy  the  same  by  any  title  or  meanes,  shall 
permitte  and  suffer  seaven  persons,  by  them  from  tyme  to  tyme  to  be 
elected  and  appointed  in  manner  and  forme  aforesaid,  meete  and  suffi- 
ciently learned  to  reade  the  said  seaven  lectures,  to  have  the  occupa- 
tion of  all  my  said  mansion-house,  gardeins,  and  of  all  other  the 
appurtenances,  for  them  there  to  inhabite,  study  and  daily  to  reade  the 
said  and  several  lectures.  And  my  will  is,  that  none  shall  be  chosen 
to  reade  any  of  the  said  lectures,  so  longe  as  he  shall  be  married,  nor 
be  suffered  to  reade  any  of  the  said  lectures  after  that  he  shall  be 
married,  neither  shall  receave  any  fee  or  stipend  appointed  for  the 
readinge  of  the  said  lectures.  And  moreover  I  will  and  dispose,  that 
if  the  said  maior  and  cominalty,  viz.  the  chief  corporation  of  the  said 
cittye,  and  the  said  wardeins  and  comiualty  of  the  mercers,  viz.  the 
corporation  of  the  mercers  of  the  cittye  aforesaid,  before  the  end  of  the 
said  fiftye  yeres  to  them  in  forme  aforesaid  lymitted,  shall  procure  and 
obteyne  sufficiente  and  lawfull  dispensations  and  lyssaunces,  warraute 
and  authority  had  and  obteyned,  shall  have  and  enjoy  the  said  Eoial 
Exchainge,  messuages,  shoppes,  pawnes,  vaults,  houses,  and  all  other 
the  premisses,  with  the  appurtenances,  for  ever,  severally  by  such 
inoities,  rates,  and  other  portions,  and  in  such  manner  and  forme,  as 
before  in  these  presentes  is  lymitted,  upon  trust  and  confidence,  and  to 
the  intente,  that  they  severally  for  ever  shall  doe,  maynteyne,  and  per- 
forme the  paymentes,  charges,  and  other  intentes  and  meaninges 
thereof  before  lymitted  and  expressed,  accordinge  to  the  intente  and 
true  meaninge  of  these  presentes.  And  that  I  do  require  and  charge 
the  said  corporations  and  chief  governors  thereof,  with  circumspect 
diligence,  and  without  longe  delay,  to  procure  and  see  to  be  done  and 
obteyned,  as  they  will  answere  for  the  same  before  Almightye  God. 
For  if  they,  or  any  of  them,  should  neglect  the  obteyninge  of  such 
lyssaunce,  or  warrante,  which  I  trust  cannot  be  difficult,  nor  so  charg- 
able  but  that  the  overplus  of  my  rentes  and  proffites  of  the  premises 
hereinbefore  to  them  disposed,  will  soone  recompense  the  same,  because 
to  so  good  purpose  in  the  commonwealth,  noe  Prince  nor  councell  in 
any  age  will  deny  or  defeate  the  same  ;  (and  if  conveniently  by  my 
will,  or  other  conveyaunce,  I  might  assure  it,  I  would  not  leave  it  to 
be  done  after  my  death ;)  then  the  same  shall  reverte  to  my  right  heirs 


430  Appendix. 

whereas  I  do  meane  the  same  to  the  common  weale.  And  then  the 
defaulte  thereof  shall  be  to  the  reproach  and  condempnation  of  the  said 
corporations  afore  God." 

[Sir  Thomas  then  leaves  to  the  heirs  of  his  niece,  Elizabeth,  the 
wife  of  Sir  Henry  JN"evill,  his  manors  of  Mayfield  and  Wadhurst,  Co. 
Sussex,  and  the  residue  of  his  property,  to  his  wife,  Dame  Anne 
Gresham,  and  her  assigns  for  ever.] 

"  In  witness  whereof,  I,  the  said  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  have 
written  this  will  all  with  myne  owne  hand,  and  to  each  of  the  eight 
leaves  have  subscribed  my  name ;  and  to  a  labell  fixed  thereunto  all 
the  eight  leaves  have  set  to  my  scale  with  the  grasshopper,  the  fifth 
day  of  July,  A.D.  1575. 

Per  me*  THOMAS  GEE  SHAM." 

An  Act  of  Parliament  was  soon  afterwards  obtained  for  confirming 
and  ratifying  the  last  will  and  testament  of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham. 
The  clause  relating  to  the  College  is  in  these  words. 

"  The  buildings  in  London,  called  the  Royal  Exchange,  and  all 
pawns  and  shops,  cellars,  vaults,  messuages,  tenements,  and  other 
whatsoever  hereditaments,  parcel  of,  or  adjoining  to  the  said  Royal 
Exchange  in  London,  some  time  the  said  Sir  Thomas  Gresham' s,  shall 
be  to  the  said  Dame  Anne,  during  her  life ;  and  after  her  decease,  the 
one  moiety  thereof  to  the  mayor,  commonalty,  and  citizens  of  London, 
by  whatever  special  name  or  addition  the  same  corporation  is  made  or 
known,  and  to  their  successors  for  ever ;  and  the  other  moiety 
thereof,  to  the  wardens  and  commonalty  of  the  mystery  of  mercers  of 
the  city  of  London,  that  is  to  say,  to  the  body  and  corporation  of  the 
company  of  mercers  of  London,  by  whatsoever  special  name  or  addition 
the  same  corporation  is  made  or  known,  and  to  their  successors,  to 
the  good  uses  and  intents  in  the  said  writing,  last  will  and  testament 
limited  or  appointed." — An.  23rd  Elizabeth. 

GRESHAM  COLLEGE  was  one  of  the  few  buildings  within  the  city 
that  escaped  the  great  fire  in  1666 ;  and  there,  for  nearly  half  a 
century,  the  original  founders  and  first  members  of  the  ROYAL 
SOCIETY  held  their  meetings.t 

"  The  place  where  they  have  hitherto  assembled,  is  Gresham 
College ;  where,  by  the  munificence  of  a  citizen,  there  have  been 
lectures  for  several  arts  endowed  so  liberally,  that  if  it  were  beyond 
sea,  it  might  well  pass  for  an  university.  And,  indeed,  by  a  rare 
happiness  in  the  constitution,  of  which  I  know  not  where  to  find  the 
like  example,  the  professors  have  been  from  the  beginning,  and  chiefly 
of  late  years,  of  the  most  learned  men  of  the  nation  ;  though  the 
choice  has  been  wholly  in  the  disposal  of  citizens.  Here  the  Royal 
Society  has  one  publick  room  to  meet  in,  another  for  a  repository  to 


*  This  will  was  proved  iu  the  Perog.  Court,  Nov.  26th,  1579. 
f  "  They  received  an  additional  benefit  from  the  turret,  erected  by  order  of  the 
Gresham  committee  over  the  apartment  of  the  geometry  professor,  both  for  making 
observations  in  the  heavens,  and   the  trial  of  some  instruments   contrived   by  Mr. 
Hooke,  who  likewise  read  his  Cutlerian  lectures  in  the  hall  of  the  college." — Ward. 


Appendix.  431 

keep  their  instruments,  books,  rarities,  papers,  and  whatever  else 
belongs  to  them.  And  when  I  consider  the  place  itself,  methinks  it 
bears  some  likeness  to  their  design ;  it  is  now  a  COLLEGE,  but  was 
once  the  mansion-house  of  one  of  the  greatest  merchants  that  ever 
was  in  England.  And  such  a  philosophy  they  would  build,  which 
should  first  consist  wholly  of  action  and  intelligence,  before  it  be 
brought  into  teaching  and  contemplation."*" 

The  whole  constitution  of  the  College  having  been  altered  under 
the  authority  of  Parliament  in  the  year  1767,  an  abridgment  of  the 
Act  will  conclude  these  brief  memorials. 


Page  285. 

An  Act  for  carrying  into  execution  an  agreement  made  between  the  mayor 
and  commonalty  and  citizens  of  the  city  of  London,  and  the  wardens 
and  commonalty  of  the  mystery  of  mercers  of  the  said  city,  and  Stamp 
BrooJcsbanlc,  Esq.,  secretary  to  the  commissioners  of  his  majesty's 
revenue  of  excise,  for  the  purchase  of  Qresham  College,  and  the 
ground  and  buildings  thereunto  belonging,  and  for  vesting  the  same 
unalienably  in  the  crown,  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  and  building  an 
Excise  Office  there ;  and  for  enabling  the  lecturers  of  the  said 
College  to  marry,  notwithstanding  any  restriction  contained  in  the 
will  of  Sir  Thomas  Qvesham,  Knight,  deceased. 

"WHEREAS  the  house  and  buildings  now  made  use  of  for  the 
managing  and  conducting  the  business  of  his  majesty's  revenue  of  ex- 
cise, situated  in  the  Old  Jewry,  London,  and  called  or  known  by  the 
name  of  the  Excise  Office,  are,  for  want  of  necessary  room  for  the 
officers  and  clerks,  found  very  inconvenient  for  the  well  ordering  and 
conducting  the  business  of  the  said  office,  &c. 

May  it  therefore  please  your  majesty,  and  be  it  enacted,  that  from 
and  after  the  25th  of  March,  1768,  the  messuage  called  Gresham 
College,  and  all  the  ground,  &c.  thereunto  belonging,  containing  on 
the  west  front,  &c.  with  all  rights  and  privileges  belonging  to,  and 
enjoyed  therewith,  shall  be  vested  in  and  annexed  unalienably  to  the 
crown ;  in  full  satisfaction  for  which  there  shall  be  paid  out  of  the 
revenue  of  the  excise  office  to  the  city  of  London,  and  to  the  mercers 
company  an  annuity  of  500Z.  per  annum. 

AND  WHEREAS  pursuant  to  the  last  will  and  testament  of  Sir 
Thomas  Gresham  of  the  city  of  London,  Knight,  deceased,  four  persons 
have  from  time  to  time  been  chosen,  nominated,  and  appointed,  by  the 
mayor  and  commonalty  and  citizens  of  the  city  of  London,  to  read 
lectures  of  divinity,  astronomy,  music,  and  geometry,  within  the  said 
college  ;  and  also  eight  persons  have  been  from  time  to  time  appointed 
by  the  said  mayor  and  commonalty  and  citizens  of  London,  to  inhabit 
eight  alms  houses  standing  within,-  or  adjoining  to,  and  part  of,  the 
said  college  ;  and  also  three  persons  have  from  time  to  time  been 


History  of  the  Royal  Society. 


432  Appendix. 

chosen,  nominated,  and  appointed,  by  the  wardens  and  commonalty  of 
the  mystery  of  mercers  of  the  city  of  London,  to  read  lectures  in  law, 
physick,  and  rhetorick,  within  the  said  college  ;  and  such  seven  persons 
so  chosen,  nominated,  and  appointed,  to  read  such  lectures,  have,  by 
the  directions  of  the  said  will  had  apartments  within  the  said  college, 
for  the  purpose  of  residing  there,  and  reading  such  lectures:  and 
whereas  the  said  several  seven  persons,  so  chosen,  nominated,  and  ap- 
pointed, to  read  the  said  lectures,  and  the  said  eight  alms  folks,  the 
better  to  enable  the  mayor  and  commonalty,  and  citizens  of  the  city 
of  London,  and  the  wardens  and  commonalty  of  the  mystery  of  mercers 
of  the  city  of  London,  to  perform  their  part  of  the  agreement  entered 
into  as  aforesaid,  have  respectively  agreed  and  consented  to  relinquish 
and  quit  their  apartments  and  alms  houses  ;  be  it  enacted  by  the 
authority  aforesaid,  that  the  mayor  and  commonalty  and  citizens  of 
the  city  of  London,  do  and  shall  pay,  or  cause  to  be  paid  unto  the  four 
persons  who  now  read  the  said  lectures  in  divinity,  astronomy,  musick, 
and  geometry,  and  to  their  successors,  who  shall  from  time  to  time  be 
chosen,  nominated,  and  appointed,  to  read  the  said  lectures,  and  to 
each  and  every  of  them,  the  yearly  sum  of  50Z.  of  lawful  money  of 
Great  Britain,  in  lieu  and  instead  of  their  respective  apartments,  so 
by  them  agreed  to  be  relinquished  and  given  up,  and  over  and  above 
the  salaries  and  stipends  found,  provided  and  allowed  to  them  for 
reading  the  same  lectures.  And  in  like  manner  that  the  wardens  and 
commonalty  of  the  mystery  of  mercers  of  the  city  of  London,  do  and 
shall  pay,  or  cause  to  be  paid,  unto  the  three  persons  who  now  read 
the  said  lectures  in  law,  physick,  and  rhetorick,  and  to  their  sucessors, 
to  each  and  every  of  them  the  yearly  sum  of  501.  in  lieu  and  instead 
of  their  respective  apartments,  so  by  them  agreed  to  be  relinquished 
and  given  up,  and  over  and  above  the  salaries  and  stipends  found,  pro- 
vided, and  allowed  to  them  for  reading  the  same  lectures. 

AND  BE  IT  FURTHER  ENACTED,  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  that  the 
mayor  and  commonalty,  and  citizens  of  the  city  of  London,  and  the 
wardens  and  commonalty  of  the  mystery  of  mercers  of  the  city  of 
London,  do  and  shall,  from  time  to  time,  and  at  all  times  hereafter, 
find  and  provide  sufficient  and  proper  place  or  places  for  the  present 
seven  professors,  and  all  succeeding  persons  to  be  chosen,  nominated, 
and  appointed  for  the  reading  the  lectures  in  divinity,  astronomy, 
music,  geometry,  law,  physick,  and  rhetorick,  to  read  the  same  in  ac- 
cordingly ;  and  also  like  sufficient  and  proper  place  and  places  for  the 
habitation  of  the  eight  alms  folks,  now  and  hereafter  for  the  time 
being. 

AND  WHEREAS  in  and  by  the  said  last  will  and  testament  of  the 
said  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  the  mayor,  commonalty,  and  citizens  of  the 
city  of  London,  and  the  wardens  and  commonalty  of  the  mystery  of 
mercers  of  the  city  of  London  were  directed  to  permit  and  suffer  the 
seven  persons  elected  and  appointed  to  read  the  seven  lectures' in  the 
said  will  mentioned,  to  have  the  occupation  of  all  the  mansion-house, 
gardens,  and  other  appurtenances,  now  called  Gresham  College,  for 
them,  and  every  of  them,  there  to  inhabit,  study,  and  daily  to  read  the 
said  several  lectures  ;  and  whereas  in  and  by  the  said  will  it  is  directed, 


Appendix.  433 

that  no  person  chosen  to  read  any  of  the  said  lectures,  should  be 
suffered  to  read  any  of  the  said  lectures  after  that  he  should  be  married, 
nor  should  receive  any  fee  or  stipend  appointed  for  the  reading  of  the 
said  lectures ;  and  whereas  in  pursuance  of  this  act  the  said  college 
will  be  pulled  down  and  taken  away,  and  the  collegiate  life  of  the  said 
lecturers,  intended  by  the  said  Sir  Thomas  Grresham,  will,  by  the 
pulling  down  of  the  said  college,  be  put  an  end  to  ;  be  it  enacted  by 
the  authority  aforesaid,  that  from  and  after  the  passing  of  this  act,  it 
shall  and  may  be  lawful  to  and  for  the  said  seven  lecturers,  or  their 
successors,  or  any  of  them,  to  marry,  notwithstanding  any  restriction 
contained  in  the  said  will,  and  each  and  every  of  the  said  lecturers, 
and  their  successors,  shall,  notwithstanding  their  being  married,  be 
suffered  to  read  their  said  several  Jectures  ;  and  the  mayor,  com- 
monalty, and  citizens  of  the  said  city  of  London,  and  the  wardens  and 
commonalty  of  the  said  mystery  of  mercers,  shall  not  be,  or  be  deemed 
guilty  of  any  misapplication  of  such  sum  or  sums  of  money  as  shall  be 
paid  in  fees  or  stipends  to  the  said  lecturers,  though  married ;  any 
restriction  or  limitation  in  the  said  will  contained  to  the  contrary  not- 
withstanding.* 

Page  62. — Abstract  of  Francis  Bancroft's  Will. 

Francis  Bancroft,  grandson  of  Archbishop  Bancroft,  was  for  many 
years  one  of  the  Lord  Mayor's  officers,  who  in  the  execution  of  his 
office  by  informations  and  summoning  the  citizens  before  the  Lord 
Mayor,  upon  the  most  trifling  occasions,  and  for  many  things  not 
belonging  to  his  office,  not  only  pillaged  the  poor,  but  likewise  many 
of  the  rich,  who  rather  than  lose  time  in  appearing  before  the  magis- 
trate, gave  money  to  silence  him,  which  together  with  his  numerous 
quarterages  from  brokers,  &c.,  annually  amounted  to  a  considerable 
sum  of  money.  By  these  and  other  mercenary  practices,  he  so 
effectually  incurred  the  hatred  and  ill  will  of  the  citizens  of  all  de- 
nominations, that  the  persons  who  attended  his  funeral,  with  great 
difficulty  saved  his  corpse  from  being  jostled  off  the  shoulders  of  the 
bearers  in  the  church  by  the  enraged  populace,  who,  seizing  the  ropes, 
rang  the  bells  for  joy  at  his  unlamented  death. 

By  his  Will,  dated  March  18th,  1727,  he  directs  "  That  my  body 
may  be  embalmed  within  six  days  after  my  death,  and  my  entrails  to 
be  put  into  a  leaden  box,  and  included  in  my  coffin,  or  placed  in  my 
vault  next  the  same,  as  shall  be  most  convenient ;  and  that  my  coffin 
be  made  of  oak,  lined  with  lead,  and  that  the  top,  or  lid  thereof,  be 
hung  with  strong  hinges,  neither  to  be  nailed,  screwed,  locked  down, 
nor  fastened  any  other  way,  but  to  open  freely,  and  without  trouble, 
like  to  the  top  of  a  trunk.  And  I  desire  to  be  buried  in  a  vault  which  I 
have  made  and  purchased  for  that  purpose  under  my  tomb  in  the 
Parish  Church  of  St.  Helen's,  London,  within  ten  days  after  my 
decease,  between  the  hours  of  nine  and  ten  o'clock  at  night,  and  I  do 


*  See  Brief  Memoir  of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  &c.,  pp.  13-26.     Ed.  Lond.  1833. 

Y   F 


434  Appendix. 

direct  that  the  whole  expenses  of  my  funeral  shall  not  exceed  the  sum 
of  two  hundred  pounds. 

"  I  give  my  silver  bason  to  the  Church  of  St.  Helen's,  there  to  be 
used  at  the  communion  service,  or  otherwise  in  the  service  of  that 
church,  but  for  no  other  use  or  purpose  whatsoever." 

After  numerous  small  legacies  and  annuities  he  bequeaths  the 
whole  of  his  real  and  personal  property  "  as  I  compute  the  same  to 
the  value  of  28,OOOZ.  to  the  Master  and  "Wardens  of  the  Company  of 
Drapers,  directing  them  to  lay  out  and  expend  the  sum  of  four  or  five 
thousand  pounds  in  the  purchase  of  a  piece  of  freehold  ground  for  the 
building  thereon  Almshouses  for  twenty-four  old  freemen  of  that 
company  with  a  convenient  chapel  and  schoolroom  for  one  hundred 
poor  boys,  and  two  dwelling  houses  for  two  masters,  with  such  other 
buildings,  &c.,  as  may  be  deemed  necessary.  The  said  twenty-four 
old  men  to  have  eight  pounds  per  annum  each  by  quarterly  payments, 
and  half  a  chaldron  of  coals  each  yearly,  and  a  bays  gown  every  third 
year. 

"  The  two  masters  were  to  have  thirty  pounds  a-piece  salary  and 
twenty  pounds  per  annum  to  be  allowed  for  coals,  &c.,  for  the  use  of 
the  school  and  masters,  with  a  sufficient  allowance  for  books,  pens, 
paper,  and  other  necessaries.  The  boys  to  be  clothed  yearly  with  blue 
coats,  caps,  stockings,  &c.  And  I  desire  the  said  Master  and  Wardens 
and  such  others  of  the  Court  of  Assistants  as  are  usually  appointed 
for  their  visitations,  once  a  year  or  oftener,  to  visit  the  said  school  and 
almshouses ;  to  cause  the  said  children  to  be  publickly  examined  and 
catechised,  and  to  enquire  into  the  state,  condition,  and  behaviour  of 
the  poor  men,  and  to  give  orders  for  needful  repairs,,  and  that  a  sum 
not  exceeding  five  pounds  be  expended  on  a  dinner  for  the  said  com- 
mittee, and  that  the  two  masters  be  invited  to  partake  thereof. 

"  And  I  desire  two  sermons  to  be  preached  on  a  Sunday  in  the 
forenoon  yearly  for  ever,  in  commemoration  of  these  my  charities ;  one 
in  April  in  the  Church  of  St.  Helen's  by  the  minister  of  that  parish, 
the  other  in  October  in  the  Church  of  St.  Michael's,  Cornhill,  or  else- 
where. The  said  masters  and  children  and  old  men  to  be  present,  and 
the  children  to  be  publicly  examined  and  catechised.  The  ministers 
to  have  twenty  shillings  each  for  preaching  the  said  sermons,  and  the 
readers  ten  shillings  each  for  examining  and  catechising  the  children, 
and  the  clerks  and  sextons  two  shillings  and  sixpence  each  respectively. 

"  The  children  to  leave  the  school  at  the  age  of  fifteen  years,  and 
to  be  paid  the  sum  of  two  pounds  ten  shillings,  to  buy  them  clothes 
to  fit  them  for  service,  or  four  pounds  to  place  them  out  apprentice. 
The  Master,  Wardens,  &c.,  to  have  full  power  to  displace  the  said 
masters  or  children  or  old  men  at  their  pleasure,  in  case  they  shall 
conceive  sufficient  cause  for  so  doing. 

"  And  whereas  I  have  been  at  considerable  expense  in  erecting  my 
tomb  in  the  Church  of  St.  Helen's,  I  give  and  appoint  the  sum  of  two 
pounds  per  annum  for  ever,  and  more  whensoever  needful,  for  cleansing, 
preserving,  taking  care  of,  and  repairing  my  said  vault  and  tomb,  it 
being  my  express  intention  and  desire  to  have  the  same  kept  up  in 
good  order  and  repair  for  ever,  whether  the  church  be  standing  or  not. 


Appendix.  435 

And  to  that  end  I  hereby  subject  and  charge  all  my  estates  with  the 
payment  and  support  thereof,  before  any  of  the  charities  herein  before 
mentioned. 

"  And  in  case  hereafter  there  shall  appear  any  considerable  overplus 
of  my  estate,  then  I  desire  it  may  be  applied  to  the  improving  of  this 
charity  ;  and  in  case  the  said  estate  shall  prove  deficient  to  answer  the 
purposes  aforesaid,  then  a  proportionate  reduction  to  be  made,  not 
desiring  that  the  said  Company  shall  be  in  any  way  impaired  by  their 
acceptance  of  this  trust." 

Extract  from  an  article  entitled,  "  ST.  MARTIN  OUTWICH  AND  ST. 
ANTHOLIN,"  contained  in  "  The  Argonaut"  edited  ~by  G.  Gladstone, 
vol.  ii.  pp.  25 — 27,  Ed.  London,  n.d. 

"  St.  Martin  Outwich  used  to  stand  at  the  corner  made  by  the 
junction  of  Threadneedle  Street  with  Bishopsgate  Street,  just  opposite 
to  the  large  red  brick  building  familiarly  known  in  former  times  as  the 
South  Sea  House,  but  now  the  rendezvous  of  the  Baltic  merchants. 
It  was  a  dirty,  shabby-looking  building,  and  might  have  been  supposed 
be  much  older  than  it  really  was,  the  late  edifice  having  been  erected 
in  1796.  Its  name  and  history,  however,  go  very  much  further  back. 
The  parish  is  mentioned  in  public  records  as  St.  Martin's  Otteswich 
as  early  as  the  year  1291 ;  and  what  we  may  best  call  the  old  church 
was  built  in  the  fourteenth  century.  It  is  evident  that  in  these  early 
times  it  must  have  been  the  property  of  a  family  which  gave  its  own 
name  to  the  church,  for  the  old  building  was  erected  by  one  Martin 
de  Oteswich,  at  the  cost  of  himself  and  other  members  of  the  family, 
and  in  its  vaults  some  of  their  descendants  were  buried.  It  fortu- 
nately escaped  the  great  fire  of  London,  though  not  the  ravages  of 
time,  but  the  old  monuments  it  contained  were  transferred  to  the  late 
building  on  its  erection  in  1796.  Amongst  these  were  two  recumbent 
figures,  in  stone,  representing  John  Oteswich  and  his  wife,  whose  re- 
mains were  found  in  the  vault  below  ;  and  another,  bearing  the  follow- 
ing inscription  :  *  The  Worshipful  Richard  Staper,  elected  Alderman 
of  this  Cittye  ano  (sic)  1594.  Hee  was  the  greatest  merchant  in  his 
tyme,  the  chiefest  actor  in  discovere  of  the  trades  of  Turkey  and  East 
India,'  &c. 

"  The  contents  of  the  vaults,  which  were  very  considerable  in 
quantity,  have  been  removed  to  Ilford  Cemetery.  Among  these  were 
the  remains  of  a  Mrs.  Abigail  Yaughau,  who  left  a  legacy  of  four 
shillings  per  annum  to  purchase  faggots  for  the  burning  of  heretics ; 
and  of  a  Mrs.  Margaret  Taylor,  whose  estate  would  in  time  have  be- 
come very  valuable,  for  it  includes  the  South-sea  House  opposite. 
One  of  the  vaults  was  remarkable  for  containing  the  bones  of  a  family 
of  giants,  their  dimensions  being  such  as  to  show  that  the  individuals 
to  whom  they  belonged  must  have  been  over  seven  feet  in  height. 
The  brasses,  monuments,  and  recumbent  figures  have  been  removed  to 
the  neighbouring  church  of  St.  Helen's ;  and  the  large  bell,  weighing 
nine  cwt.,  and  bearing  the  inscription,  '  John  Boorlet  made  me,  in 
1623,'  to  Fulham. 

F  F  2 


436  Appendix. 

"  The  parish  records  contain  some  curious  entries.  The  following 
items  will  serve  as  specimens  of  churchwarden's  accounts  some  three 
centuries  and  a  half  ago  : — 

'  Relike  Sonday,  1525.     Payde  for  wyne  on  Relykys  Sonday,  Id. 

'  Paschall  or  Hallowed  Taper,  Anno  1525.  Paid  to  Thomas  Vance, 
waxe  chandeler,  for  makyng  and  renewyng  of  the  beme  lyght ;  and  for 
makyng  of  the  Paskall  wt  the  tenabur  candell  and  Crosse  candell  xxs.; 
and  for  waste  of  the  same  Pascall,  a  pownd  and  halfe  qrt.  ;  viijc?. 

'  License  to  eat  flesh.  Item.  Received  of  the  Lady  Altham  for 
the  use  of  the  poore,  for  a  license  to  eat  flesh,  £0  13s.  4c?.' " 

Parish  of  St.  Helen,  BisJiopsgate,  in  the  Metropolitan  Union  of  the 
City  of  London,  in  the  City  of  London  and  Liberties  thereof. 

Gross  value.  Rateable  value. 

£53,116     14     0  £44,289     0     0 

Finally  determined  by  Assessment  Committee  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  of  the  Valuation  (Metropolis)  Act,  1869. 

IQth  December,  1875. 


INDEX. 


J^BBISS,  James,  204,  208,  216,  219,  404, 

Abbot,  Archbishop,  270 

Adelmare,  Dr.  Caesar,  48,  286-8 

Adelmare,  Peter  Maria,  286-7 

Adelmare — see  also  Cassar 

Adylmar,  Paulina,  96 

Adynet,  Johanna,  7 

Agassiz,  James  John  Charles,  95 

Agassiz,  Lewis,  95 

Agassiz,  Mary,  95 

Aggas,  Ralph,  254 

Alard,  Dean,  5,  6,  11 

Alardus  de  Burnham,  361 

Albany,  Duke  of,  244 

Albemarle,  Duke  of,  323 

Albinus  the  Priest,  5 

Aldworth,  Mrs.,  123 

Aldworth,  Richard,  426 

Aldworth,  Richard  Neville,  426 

Aldworth,  Thomas,  123,  124,  126 

Alexander,  Rev.  Daniel,  338,  341-2 

Aleyn,  Agnes,  26 

Aleyn,  John,  26 

Aleyn,  Sir  John,  235 

Allen,  — ,  110,  121 

Allen,  Rev.  — ,  55 

Allen,  Dan,  113 

Alleyn,  Edward,  321 

Alleyne,  Ann,  26,  27 

Alleyne,  Edward,  26 

Allibone,  — ,  338 

Allin,  Bridget,  97 

Allin,  Edmond,  97 

Allin,  Hellen,  97 

Alston,  Rev.  Albert,  56 

Alstone,  Sir  Edward,  97 

Alstone,  Lady,  97 

Altham,  James,  255,  259 

Altham,  Lady,  436 

AltKan,  — ,  175 

Alwyne,  Bishop,  4 

Anderson,  Anne,  326 

Anderson,  Stephen,  94 

Anderson,  Sir  Stephen,  94,  321,  326 

Anderson,  Tho.,  59 

Anderson,  Thomas,  289 

Angell,  Elizabeth,  301 

Angell,  Robert,  301 

Anglesey,  Arthur  Earl  of,  349 

Anne,  Lady,  331 

Anne,  Queen,  328 


Annesley,  Anne,  351 

Annesley,  Benjamin,  351 

Annesley,  Judith,  351 

Annesley,  Dr.  Samuel,  348,  349-51 

Ansty,  Rev.  James,  99 

Apulderfield,  — ,  247 

Apulderfield,  Amy,  247 

Annan,  Edward,  78,  218 

Armstrong,  Thomas,  112,  113,  114 

Arnold,  Dr.,  213 

Arundel,  Henry  Fitzalan,  Earl  of,  288,  292 

Arundel,  Willoughby,  92 

Ascough,  Thomas,  91 

Ashfield,  Alice,  231,  330 

Ashton,  — ,  216 

Aske,  Alderman,  320 

Aspinwall,  Elizabeth,  94 

Aspinwall,  Gilbert,  94 

Aspinwall,  Mary,  94 

Asshfeld,  Alice,  11,  12 

Astley,  John,  68 

Astrey,  Diana,  86.,  196 

Astry,  Sir  Ralph,  45 

Atkinson,  — ,  378 

Atkinson,  Richard,  174 

Atkyns,  Richard,  33 

Atwell,  Ann,  95 

Atwell,  Mary,  95 

Atwell,  William,  95 

Audley,  Henry  Lord,  35,  381 

Audley,  Thomas,  84,  223 

Audley,  Sir  Thomas,  381 

Augustine,  St.,  360 

Aurelius,  Abraham,  97 

Auriol,  Elisha,  95 

Auriol,  James  David,  95 

Auriol,  John  Lewis,  99 

Auriol,  Margaret,  95 

Austen,  Rice,  102 

Austyn,  Robert,  107 

Awdley,  — ,  222 

Ayley,  -  327 

Ayley,  Elizabeth,  327 

Aylward,  — ,  122 


TDACKHOUSE,  Alderman,  97 
-LJ    Backhouse,  Julian,  97 
Backhurst,  Alderman,  J31 
Backwell,  Richard,  131,  142 
Bacon,  Sir  Edmund,  295 
Bacon,  Francis  Lord,  280,  292,  293 


438 


Index. 


Bacon,  Gregory,  101 

Bacon,  Sir  Nathaniel,  280 

Bacon,  Sir  Nicholas,  273,  280,  292 

Baker,  — ,  109 

Baker,  Elizabeth,  93 

Baker,  Sir  Henry,  93 

Baker,  John,  87,  146 

Baker,  Katharine  Lady,  93 

Baker,  Sir  Richard,  235 

Baker,  William,  30,  33 

Baker,  William,  189 

Baldwin,  4 

Ball,  Charles,  130 

Ball,  Elizabeth,  94 

Ball,  Rebecca,  94 

Ball,  Rev.  Richard,  54,  78,  94,  221,  223, 

314-15 

Bancroft,  Archbishop,  61 
Bancroft,   Francis,   60,   61,   62,  98,   136, 

137,  162,  380,  403,  433 
Barber,  — ,  220 
Barbor,  Rev.  Thomas,  54,  106 
Barham,  Rev.  Arthur,  54,  85,  94,  98,  225, 

316-6 

Barham,  John,  94 
Barham,  Mary,  94 
Barker,  Rev.  John,  338,  343,  344-5 
Barkham,  Sir  Edward,  301 
Barkham,  Lady,  301 
Barnard,  Alderman,  155,  156 
Barnard,  Dr.,  316 
Barnard,  John,  33 
Barnard,  Rose  Christian,  199,  200 
Barnard,  Walter,  99 
Barnevelt,  Monsieur,  333 
Barnwell,  Henry,  135 
Baronius,  Caesar,  1 
Barrett,  — ,  132 
Bartlett,  — ,  173,  174 
Bartlett,  Captain  Edward,  97 
Bartolus,  — ,  309 
Basing,  William,  6,  7,  359 
Basings,  Thomas,  7 
Bateman,  — ,110 
Bates,  Dr.,  347 
Bathurst,  Henry  Lord,  177 
Bawcomb,  Sarah,  183 
Baxter,  Richard,  351,  352 
Baylis,  Elizabeth,  197,  208,  216,  219 
Beaulieu,  John.  265,  266 
Becha,  5 

Beckett,  St.  Thomas,  425 
Bedell,  Francis,  136 
Bedford,  Duke  of,  256 
Beechcraft,  — ,  155 
Beeston,  Nicholas,  298 
Beilby,  Bishop,  402,  404 
Bellows,  John,  129 
Benedict,  St.,  359,  360,  361 
Bennett,  Sir  H.,  323 
Benolte,  Ann,  245 
Benolte,  Eleanor,  245 
Benolte,  Mary,  245 
Benolte,  Thomas,  19,  32,  74,  243-5,  380, 

423,  424 
Bentham,  — ,48 
Benzelin,  ffrancis,  113 


Berchere,  J.  L.,  160 

Berde,  Richard,  12,  13,  14,  15,  18,  27 

Berkeley,  Earl  of,  319 

Berkeley,  Isaac,   86,  135,  137,  138,  141, 

147,  149,  150,  151 
Berkley,  William,  97 
Bernard,  John,  17 
Bernard,  Mrs.,  158 
Bernard,  Walter,  71 
Bernard,    Alderman   William,    150,    151, 

158,  162,  381 
Bertie,  George,  95,  189 
Bertie,  Mary,  95 
Bertie,  Thomas,  95 
Best,  John,  332 
Betts,  —,212 

Bevilacqua,  Venanzio  di  Ollaviano,  308 
Biddulph,  Charlotte,  94 
Biddulph,  Mary,  94 
Biddulph,  Michael,  94 
Bindle,  Ann,  91 
Bing,  — ,  325 
Birch,  Dr.,  288 
Bishop,  — ,  173 
Bishop,  Matthew,  190 
Blackborow,  Mrs.,  159 
Blackburn,  — ,  140,  142 
Blackburn,  Edward  L.,  336 
Blake,  Hobson,  and  Allfrey,  Messrs.,  205 
Blenkarne,  Rev.  James,  55,  207,  209,  215, 

407,  409 

Blenkarne,  Mary  Ann,  99 
Bliss,  — ,  269,  339 
Blore,  E.,  335 
Blunt,  John,  223 
Boardman,  — ,  133 
Boddington,    George,    86,   98,    114,    119, 

131,  134 

Boddington,  Isaac,  135 
Bodye,  William,  35 
Boeheme,  Ann,  95 
Boeheme,  Clement,  95 
Boeheme,  Edward,  95 
Boggi,  — ,  3 
Bolwell,  Thomas,  180 
Bonard,  Rene  Marguerite,  93 
Bond,  Martin,   63,   64,  84,  97,  172,  217, 

380 

Bond,  Rev.  Richard,  55 
Bond,  William,  63,  64,  96,  297,  333,  378, 

380,  423 

Bonewise,  Anthony,  236,  238 
Bonfoy,  Susanna,  303 
Bonfoy,  Sir  Thomas,  303 
Bonfrank,  — ,  287 
Bonvixi,  Antony,  21,  25,  34,  245-6,  260, 

330,  332 
Boone,  — ,  224 
Boorlet,  John,  435 
Bootes,  Ilellen,  91 
Booth,  — ,  176,  193 
Booth,  Henry,  92 
Borgarucci,  Julio,  311 
Bosauquet,  Anna  Maria,  92 
Bosvilie,  Sir  Robert,  91 
Boteler,  Sir  John,  92,  327 
Boteler,  Philip,  92 


Index. 


439 


Boteler,  Sir  Philip,  322,  327 
Boucher,  Alexander,  141 
Boughey,  — ,  203 
Boulter,  — ,163 
Boulton,  Henry,  92 
Bowcher,  John,  93 
Bowes,  Sir  Martin,  35 
Bowsell,  Henry,  23 
Bowsfell,  Henry,  23 
Bowyer,  Mary,  *98 

Boyfield,  Richard,  160,  163,  174 
Boyle,  Hon.  Robert,  319 

Boynton,  Catherine,  92 

Bracebridge,  William,  233 

Bradley,  —,173 

Bradley,  Edward,  52,  164,  165,  179,  190, 
201,  202,  204 

Bradley,  Elizabeth,  219 

Bradley,  James,  204,  205 

Bradley,  Mrs.,  183 

Bradley,  Robert,  156,  176 

Bradshawe,  Lucretia,  92 

Bradshawe,  Obadiah,  91 

Bradshawe,  Suzan,  91 

Braybrooke,    Charles    CornwalJis   Neville, 
Lord,  426 

Braybrooke,  Richard  Lord,  426 

Breieux,  John,  381 

Brenfc,  Amelia,  96 

Brent,  Sir  Nathaniel,  317,  318 

Brent,  William,  96 

Brerewood,  Edward,  313-4 

Brerewood,  Richard,  313 

Brerewood,  Robert,  314 

Brewer,  Edmund,  30,  33 

Bridges,  John,  322 

Briggs,  — ,  98 

Bright,  — ,  425 

Bristowe,  — ,  179,  180,  184 

Brittany,  Duke  of,  230 

Broadstreet,  Kev.  — ,54 

Brockett,  William,  180,  181 

Bromage,  —  225 

Bromley,  —  119 

Bromley,  Richard,  114,  123,  126 

Broughton,  Richard,  97 
Brown,  — ,  175 
Brown,  Edward,  99 
Brown,  Rev.  Joseph,  54,  94 

Brown,  Sir  Richard,  325 
Brown,  William,  348 
Browne,  —,136 
Browne,  Benjamin,  94 
Browne,  Edward,  297 
Browne,  Elizabeth,  297 
Browne,  Henrye,  100, 101 
Browne,  Suzan,  94 
Browne,  William,  173 
Brownes,  Elizabeth,  107 
Bruex,  John,  378 
Brun,  5 

Brunswick,  Duke  of,  312 
Bryant,  Joseph,  183 
Bryerwood,  Edward,  79,  222 
Bryscombe,  Adrian,  33 
Bryseley,  Edward,  17,  33 
Buck,  James,  99 


Buckingham,  Duke  of,  323,  331 

Buckland,  Richard,  245 

Budd,  David,  300 

Bulleyn,  Sir  James,  15,  18 

Bunce,  Sir  James,  322 

Burdett,  — ,  171 

Burdett,  Rev.  Charles,  95,  99,  148 

Burdett,  George,  95 

Burdett,  Mary,  95 

Burdett,  Thomas,  176 

Burfoot,  Thomas,  180,  181 

Burgon,  — ,  280,  283 

Burgundy,  Duke  of,  230 

Burleigh,  Thomas  Cecil,  Lord,  258,285,  291 

Burnet,  Dr.,  352 

Burrows,  — ,218 

Busby,  Dr.,  213,  319 

Bush,  — ,  201 

Butler,  Angell,  94 

Butler,  J.,  141 

Butler,  Jane,  94 

Butler,  Sir  Nicholas,  94 

Butler,  Rev.  William,  55 

Butt,  John,  190,  192,  193 

Byard,  — ,  85 

Byfield,  — ,  314 

Byngle,  John,  96 

Byscombe,  Andrew,  17 


QJiSAR  (Adelmare)  Alice  Lady,  96,  291, 

292,  294 

Caesar,  Anne  Lady,  70,  97,  225,  292,  293 
Caesar,  Betty,  307 
Caesar,    Charles    (brother    of    Sir   Julius 

Caesar),  299 
Caesar,  Charles  (1st- son  of  Sir  J.  C.),  96, 

289,  294,  299 

Caesar,  Sir  Charles  (3rd  son  of  Sir  J.  C.), 

290,  294,  295,  299-301 

Caesar,  Charles  (grandson  of  Sir  J.  C.),  234, 

293,  296,  299,  3Cfo,  301 
Caesar,  Sir  Charles  (great-grandson  of  Sir 

J.  C.),  301,  303 
Caesar  Charles  (son  of  above),  288,  303,304, 

305,  307 

Caesar,  Charles  (son  of  above),  305,  307 
Caesar,  Mrs.  Charles,  234 
Caesar,  Dorcas,  289,  294 
Caesar,  Mrs.  Dorcas,  289,  292 
Caesar,  Ellen,  297 
Caesar,  Harriet,  307 
Caesar,  Henry,  299 
Caesar,  Henry,  303 
Caesar,  Sir  Henry,  300,  301 
Caesar,  Jane,  301 
Caesar,  Jane,  307 
Caesar,  Jane  Lady,  301 
Caesar,   Sir  John,  291,  292,  294,  295,  301 
Caesar,  Julius,  289,  299 
Caesar,  Julius,  300 
Caesar,  Colonel  Julius,  307 
Caesar,  Sir  Julius,  69,  71,  83,  96,  97,  98, 

123,  223,  225,  234,  288-97,  298,  301, 

302,  380 

Caesar,  Margery,  297 
"aesar,  Mrs.  Mary,  303,  304,  305,  307 


440 


Index. 


Caesar,  Molly,  307 

Caesar,  Richard,  290 

Csesar,  Robert,  97,  292,  294,  295,  302,  303 

Caesar,  Susan,  297 

Caesar,  Thomas,  292,  302 

Caesar,  Thomas,  303 

Caesar,  Sir  Thomas,  96,  294,  297-9 

Caesar,  William,  299 

Caesarino,  Paola,  286 

Calamy,    Rev.   Edmund,    338,   345,   347, 

350,  351 

Calandrinus,  Caesar,  308 
Calandrinus,  Magdalen,  308 
Calvert,  Samuel,  97 
Cambridge,  Richard  Earl  of,  228 
Camden,  William,  228 
Campbell,  Lord,  292 
Campion,  Christopher,  35 
Canham,  — ,  121 

Canterbury,  Augustine,  Archbishop  of,  57 
Carew,  Sir  Nicholas,  245 
Carewe,  Frances,  91 
Carey,  Rev.  — ,  55 
Carleton,  Bigley,  94 
Carleton,  Marth,  94' 
Carleton,  Samuel,  94 
Carpenters'  Company,  76,   123,  124,  126, 

138,  184 

Carrington,  Thomas,  188 
Carter,  Anne,  98 
Carter,  Thornae,  208 
Carvell,  William,  156 
Castiglioni,  Battista,  311 
Catesby,  Catherine,  330 
Catesby,  Sir  William,  331 
Catherwood,  — ,  216 
Cecil,  Sir  William,  277 
Celey,  Thomas,  426 
Chamberlain,  Mrs.,  84 
Chambrelan,  Abraham,  79,  93 
Chambrelan,  Charles,  72,  126,  158 
Chambrelan,  David,  93 
Chambrelan,  Hester,  72 
Chambrelan,  Hester,  93 
Chambrelan,  Rachel,  72 
Chandler,  Charles,  161, 167, 171, 176,  180 
Chandler,  Mrs.,  180 
Chapman,  — ,  209,  216,  297 
Charlemagne,  46 
Charles  I.,  44,  46,  299,  338,  425 
Charles  II.,  43,  51,  283,  286,  301,  316, 

317,  322,  323,  333,  338,  349,  350,  387 
Charles  V.,  243,  244,  248,  258,  273 
Charnack,  — ,  111 
Charnock,  Richard,  339 
Charnock,  Robert,  114 
Charnock,  Rev.  Stephen,  338,  339-40,  341 
Chartress,  Cornelius,  178 
Chauncey,  Sir  Henry,  58,  301 
Cheke,  Sir  John,  257 
Chester,  Anne,  95 
Chester,  Colonel  Charles,  307 
Chester,  Granado,  95 
Chester,  Granoilo,  95 
Chester,  Harry,  307 
Chester,  Col.  Joseph  L.,  90 
Chester,  Mary,  95 


Chester,  Robert,  307 

Chester,  Robert,  307 

Chesters,  — ,  134 

Chewter,  Math.,  77 

Chewter,  Nathaniel,  116,  117,  127,  129 

Chiche,  Emmeline,  247 

Chiche,  Thomas,  247 

Chiche,  Valentine,  247 

Chichele,  Henry,  247 

Chichele,  Phillippa,  247 

Chichele,  Sir  Robert,  247 

Chichele,  Thomas,  247 

Chichele,  William,  247 

Chicheley,  — ,45 

Chichester,  Eleanor,  95 

Chichester,  Henry,  95 

Chichester,  Henry  William,  95 

Chipps,  Elizabeth,  190 

Chitty,  Abraham,  86,  113,  114 

Chitty,  Joseph,  209,  210 

Cholmely,  Sir  Roger,  382,  383 

Choral  Harmonists'  Society,  335 

Chosroes  I. ,  2 

Churchill,  R.,  130,  134,  135 

Claget,  — ,  341 

Clapham,  Mary,  86,  146,  148,  194,  196, 

197 

Clare,  Earl  of,  240 
Clarence,  Duke  of,  331 
Clarendon,  Lord,  302 
Clark,  — ,  144 
Clark,  John,  315 
Clark,  William,  178 
Clarke,  — ,  162,  216 
Clarke,  Charles,  94 
Clarke,  Elizabeth  Lady,  94 
Clarke,  P.,  216 
Clarke,  Francis,  98 
Clarke,  Sir  Francis,  94,  98 
Clarke,  W.,  182,  186 
Clarke,  William,  173 
Cleves,  Anne  of,  235 
Clinton,  Lord,  258 
Clode,  Charles  Mathew,  379 
Clough,  Richard,  278,  279,  281,  282 
Clovell,  Jane,  234 
Cloville,  Margaret,  247 
Clutterbuck,  — ,  223,  378 
Coel  II.,  1 
Cokayne,  — ,  225 
Cokayne,  Francis,  156,  157,  160 
Colby,  David,  93 
Colcel,  Thomas,  48 
Cole,  Thomas,  149 
Colepeper,  John  Spencer,  95 
Colepeper,  Martha,  95 
Coleshill,  Thomas,  287 
Collins,  — ,  177 
Collins,  Arthur,  249,  250 
Collyer,  Rev.  W.  B.,  347 
Colshill,  Thomas,  102,  103,  104,  106,  219 
Colt,  — ,  135,  139,  149 
Colton,  Rev.  — ,  156,  160,  161 
Colville,  Henry,  247 
Comminges,  Mons.,  323 
Compton,  Hon.  Charles,  92 
Compton,  Henry,  Bishop  of  London,  226 


Index. 


441 


Compton,  Lady,  264 

Compton,  William  Lord,  70,  260,  262,  265, 

266 

Conder,  Dr.,  354 
Constantine  L,  1,  3,  4 
Constantius  Chlorus,  1,  3 
Contio,  — ,  311 
Cook,  —  83 
Cook,  Rev.  Edward,   52,  209,   210,   211, 

216,  217 

Cooke,  Edward,  94 
Cooke,  Dr.  Edward,  94 
Cooke,  John,  157,  158 
Cooke,  Mary,  94 
Cooper,  Rev.  — ,  54,  216 
Cope,  Sir  Anthony,  91 
Cope,  Thomas,  92 
Copeland,  William  Taylor,  335,  379 
Corbett,  Edward,  94 
Corbett,  Mary,  94 
Corbett,  Myles,  94 
Cork,  Timothy,  187 
Corp,  Timothy,  186 
Costin,  Ann,  93 
Cotesbrok,  Robert,  73 
Cotton,  — ,  111,  122,  343 
Cotton,  Sir  R.  B.,  55 
Cottrell,  Sir  Stephen,  307 
Cottrell-Dormer,  Charles,  307 
Cottrell- Dormer,  Sir  Charles,  286 
Cottrell-Dormer,  Clement,  307 
Cottrell-Dormer,  Sir  Clement,  307 
Cottrell-Dormer,  Miss  F.  E.,  286,  303 
Cottrell-Dormer,  Jane,  307 
Coulton,  Rev.  George,  55,  176,  178 
Coventry,  — ,  109,  110 
Coventry,  Lady  Ann,  98 
Coventry,  Thomas  Lord,  91 
Coward,  — ,  347,  348,  353 
Coward,  Thomas,  168 
Cox,  Dr.  John  Edmund,  56,  379 
Crafford,  Guy,  32 
Crafford,  Joan,  32 
Craghead,  — ,  162 
Crane,  Margaret,  32 
Crane,  William,  32,  33 
Cranmer,  Archbishop,  246,  381,  382,  383 
Cranmer,  Edmund,  246 
Crayford,  Guy,  17,  33 
Cremer,  Miss,  306 
Criche,  Thomas,  18,  27 
Crispe,  — ,  122 
Crispe,  Dorothy,  98 
Croft,  Thomas,  92 
Cromwell,  Frances  Lady,  243 
Cromwell,  Francis,  243 
Cromwell,  Henry,  243,  339 
Cromwell,  Oliver,  241,  316,  317,  338,  350 
Cromwell,  Richard,  286,  350 
Cromwell,  Sir  Richard,  242,  243,  255 
Cromwell,  Thomas,  243 
Cromwell — see  also  Williams,  Sir  Richard 
Crooke,  Anne,  94 
Crooke,  Hilkiah,  94 
Crooke,  Dr.  Hilkiah,  94 
Crooke,  Sir  J.,  260 
Cropper,  Thomas,  115 


Crosbie,  Johan  de,  227 

Crosbie,  John,  228 

Crosby,  Agnes,  69 

Crosby,  Agnes  Lady,  45,  68,  231,  232,  378 

Crosby,  Anne  Lady,  231,  380 

Crosby,  Johanna,  69,  231 

Crosby,  John,  69 

Crosby,  Sir  John,  11,  12,  40,  43,  45,  68, 
69,  216,  227-33,  377,  378,  380 

Crosby,  Margaret,  69 

Crosby,  Richard  John,  69 

Crosby,  Thomas,  69 

Crosby  Hall  Literary  and  Scientific  Institu- 
tion, 337 

Crosby e,  John,  21 

Crotch,  Dr.  — ,  212,  213 

Crue,  Dorothy,  95 

Crue,  Dudley,  95 

Cudden,  John,  92 

Culling,  Peter,  98 

Cumberland,  George  Earl  of,  240 

Curke,  — ,  109 

Curling,  Bunce,  93 

Curson,  Robert,  35 

Curtis,  — ,  220 

Cuthbert,  57 

Cutler,  — ,  323 

Cutler,  Sir  John,  319 

Cutler,  William  Henry,  212,  213,  216 

Cyoll,  Cicely,  78,  79,  182,  194,  197,  222 

Cyoll,  German,  78,  101,  102,  219,  333 


DALAMOBE,  Lord,  92 
Dale,  John,  169 
Dalgarno,  Rev.  John,  55 
Dalton,  Margaret,  17,  33 
Damaral,  William,  33 
Damerhawle,  William,  17 
Dane,  Margaret,  75 
Danvers,  Frederick,  96 
Danvers,  Lucy,  96 
Danvers,  Thomas,  96 
Darcy,  Sir  Arthur,  19,  32 
Dare,  John,  135,  146,  149 
Dare,  William,  132 
Darrell,  Elizabeth  Lady,  92 
Davies,  John,  336,  337 
Davis,  Rev.  John,  93 
Davis,  Sarah,  93 
Dawson,  John,  95 
Dawson,  Sarah,  95 
Day,  R.,  141 
Dean,  Rev.  John  Bathurst,  56,  415,  416, 

Deane,  Reginald,  33 

Decosta,  — ,  117 

De  Dominis,  Mark  Anthony,  270 

De  Dompierre,  Hector,  99 

De  Goltes,  Philipp,  91 

Dehoes,  Andrew,  150 

De  la  Chaumette,  Francis  David,  93 

Delafield,  Thomas,  78 

De  la  Mare,  Nicholas,  21,  27 

Delany,  Mrs.,  305 

Delavale,  Elizabeth,  93 

Delavale,  Peter,  93 


442 


Index. 


De  Lillers,  Jacob,  98 

Dempsey  &  Co.,  Messrs.,  216 

Densel,  Anne,  240 

Densel,  John,  240 

Derby,  Earl  of,  240 

Derrom,  Steven,  101 

Desleborough,  Henry,  139 

Dickerson,  Elizabeth,  197 

Dickerson,  John,  180,  184,  189,  197 

Digges,  Sir  Dudley,  299 

Diogley,  — ,  166 

Dingley,  Charles,  99 

Dingley,  Elizabeth,  99 

Dingley,  John,  197 

Dingley,  Robert,  87,   134,   152,  158,   159, 

160,  163,  194 
Dingley,  Susannah,  87,  159 
Dingley,  Susannah  Cecilia,  92 
Dod,  — ,  174,  178 
Dod,  Peter,  220 
Dod,  Thomas,  190 
Dodd,  Mrs.,  151 
Doddridge,  Dr.,  346,  354 
Dodington,  John,  18,  19,  20,  28 
Donne,  William,  107 
Douglas,  Archibald,  291 
Downing,  Rev.  Thomas,  54,  315 
Doxey,  Mrs.,  189 
Drake,  Dr.,  338 
Drapers'  Company,  61,  434 
Drax,  William,  65 
Drayton,  Edward,  98 
Drury,  Drugo,  68 
Dudley,  Ann,  93 
Dudley,  Edward,  93 
Dufresney,  — ,  140 
Dugdale,  Sir  William,  6,  8,  11,  26,  35,  250, 

359 

Dunbar,  George  Hume,  Earl  of,  292 
Duncomb,  Charles,  95 
Duncomb,  Hannah,  95 
Dunning,  — ,  179 
Durand,  — ,  166 
Durand,  Ann,  95 
Durand,  John  Baptist,  95 
Durand,  John  Nicholas,  95 
Durley,  — ,  55,  132 
Durley,  Richard,  129 
Du  Roveray,  John  Peter,  92,  93 
Dymmocke,  John,  35 


EAST  India  Company,  76,  86,  135,  207, 
223,  224,  226,  334 
Eaton,  Jane,  97 
Edmondes,  Sir  Thomas,  266 
Edmondes,  Sir  Thomas,  269 
Edmonds,  Rev.  William,  55,  198, 199,  200, 

202 

Edmund  the  Martyr,  4,  39 
Edward  I.,  10,  47 
Edward  II.,  6,  227 
Edward  III.,  7,  41,  227,  424 
Edward  IV.,  228,  229,  230,  231,  296,  329 
Edward  V.,  331 
Edward  VI.,  27,  28,  47,  48,  68,  239,  240, 

246,  248,  257,  258,  275,  276,  296 


Edward,  Prince  of  Wales,  228,  331 
Edward,  Richard,  300 
Edwards,  — ,  378 
Edwards,  John,  101,  102 
Edwards,  Rev.  Thomas,  54,  135 
Egbert,  Archbishop  of  York,  46 
Eightshilling,  Baldwyn,  96 
Eightshilling,  Peter,  96 
Eleanor  de  Wyncestre,  11 

Elizabeth,  Queen,  48,  49,  63,  67,  68,  176, 
224,  243,  246,  252,  256,  258,  261,  262, 
263,  265,  276,  277,  278,  287,  288,  289, 
290,  291,  292,  293,  296,  312,  321,  332, 
403,  425 

Elizabeth  of  York,  230 

Ellis,  — ,  378 

Ellis,  Rev.  J.  J.,  55,  207 

Ellyott,  James,  222 

Elwin,  Rev.  W.,  305 

Emerson,  — ,  149 

England,  — ,  213,  216 

England,  Louisa,  421 

Entick,  Rev.  John,  4 

Essex,  Lady  Catherine,  92 

Essex,  Earl  of,  267 

Essex,  Thomas  Cromwell,  Earl  of,  14,  241, 
293 

Estwicke,  Rev.  Sampson,  55, 121,  122 

Eusebius,  Bishop,  1 

Evans,  Benjamin,  163 

Evans,  Rev.  Thomas,  54 

Evans  &  Co.,  Messrs.,  216 

Evelyn,  John,  3,  323,  324 

Eyer,  Edward,  95 

Eyer,  Elizabeth,  95 

Eyer,  Robert,  95 

Eyles,  — ,  98 

Eyles,  Elizabeth  Lady,  98 

Eyles,  Francis,  98,  113,  122 

Eyles,  Sir  Francis,  98,  327,  328 

Eyles,  John,  84 

Eyles,  Sir  John,  98,  99,  327,  328 

Eyles,  Joseph,  98 

Eyles,  Sir  Joseph,  99,  327 

Eyles,  Mary  Lady,  98 

Eyles,  Sarah  Lady,  98,  99,  327 

Eyre,  Joseph,  82,  162,  166 


-FAIRFAX,  Charles,  92 

-1-      Fairfax,  Ellinor,  92 

Fairholt,  F.  W.,  73,  379,  380 

Falconbridge,  — ,  229 

Falkner,  William,  188 

Farley,  — ,  165 

Fasson,  John,  177,  178 

Fasson,  Thomas,  205 

Fawkner,  George,  94 

Fawkner,  John,  94 

Feake,  Catherine,  95 

Feake,  Christopher,  95 

Feake,  William,  95 

Featley,  Dr.  Daniel,  82,  83,  97,  115,  269- 

71 

Featley,  John,  269 
Featley,  Joyce,  82,  97,  115,  123,  125, 197, 

199,  403 


Index. 


443 


Felton,  John,  192,  194 

Felton,  William,  192,  194 

ffenner,  — ,  108 

Fenner,  Edward,  76,  123,  194,  197 

Fenner,  Thomas,  81,  403 

Fennor,  Thomas,  197 

Fenwick,  John,  95 

Fen  wick,  Maria,  95 

Fenwick,  Maria  Ann,  95 

Fermor,  Mrs.,  304 

Fern,  — ,  302 

Ferneley,  Anne,  273,  280 

Ferneley,  Jane,  273,  280 

Ferneley,  William,  273 

ffetler,  — ,  219 

Finch,  — ,  109,  204 

Finch,  Esther,  65,  66 

Finch,  George,  297 

Finch,  Gulielmi,  64,  65 

ffinch,  Thomas,  122 

Finch,  William,  85,  98,  172,  297 

FitzAucher,  Lord,  234 

Fitzgerald,  Percy,  307 

Fitzwalter,  Walter,  11,  361 

Fitz william,  Earl,  5 

Fitzwilliam,  Sir  William,  5 

Flanders,  Louis  Count  of,  425 

Flavia  Julia  Helena,  3 

Fleetwood,  Dr.  William,  254 

Fly,  Rev.  Henry,  401,  402 

Folkes,  Martin,  92 

Foot,  — ,  99 

Foot,  Ann,  98 

Foot,  Robert,  98,  110,  112,  113,  130 

Foote,  — ,  86 

Ford,  Eliza,  307 

Ford,  John,  307 

Foster,  Lady,  98 

Fountain,  — ,  79 

ffountaine,  — ,  222 

Fox,  Charles  James,  213 

Foxe,  John,  284 

Foxley,  Thomas,  92 

Framebreaking,  Abraham,  96 

Framebreaking,  William,  96 

Francis  I.,  244 

Fraunces,  Adam,  19,  27,  362-76 

Fraunces,  Julian,  25 

Frederick  II.,  287,  333 

Freeman,  — ,  52,  111,  121 

Freeman,  Mary,  303 

Freeman,  Ralph,  303 

Freeman,  Strickland,  334 

Freeman,  William,  335 

French,  Peter,  317 

Friscobaldi,  — ,  229 

Frome,  Henry,  189 

Fugger,  Anthony,  248,  275,  276 

Fulk  the  younger,  5 

Fulke,  Monsieur,  333 

Fuller,  Dr.,  55,  120 

Fuller,  Thomas,  242 

Fylio,  Nicholas,  96 

Fynes,  Hellen  Lady,  94 
Fynes,  Sir  Henry,  94 

Fynes,  James,  94 


n  AITHORNE,  Rev.  John,  55 
*•*     Galindo,  — ,  214 
Gardener,  Rev.  — ,  54,  220 
Gardner,  — ,  164 
Garrard,  Sir  William,  281 
Garraway,  Elizabeth,  94 
Garraway,  Richard,  94 
Garraway,  Thomas,  94 
Garrett,  — ,  142 
Garrett,  Charles,  149 
Garrett,  Rebecca,  80 
Garrick,  David,  307 
Gascoyne,  Anne,  95 
Gascoyne,  John,  95 
Gascoyne,  Richard,  95 
Gaskin,  Rev.  George,  401,  402 
Gastrell,  Francis,  92 
Gates,  John,  35 
Gathurn,  — ,142 
Gaufrid,  Nicholas,  4 
Gaufrid  the  Constable,  4 
Gaussen,  Anna  Maria,  99 
Gaussen,  Peter,  92,  99,  172,  198 
Gaussen,  S.  R.,  198 
Gell,  Sir  John,  352 
Gentilis,  Albericus,  96,  308-13 
Gentilis,  Alberigo,  308 
Gentilis,  Antonio,  308 
Gentilis,  Gregorio,  308 
Gentilis,  Lucentino,  308 
Gentilis,  Lucrezia,  308,  310 
Gentilis,  Manilio,  308 
Gentilis,  Matteo,  308 
Gentilis,  Matthew,  308-13 
Gentilis,  Nevida,  308 
Gentilis,  Pancrazio,  308 
Gentilis,  Pietro,  308 
Gentilis,  Quinto,  308 
Gentilis,  Robert,  308 
Geutilis,  Scipio,  308,  310,  312 
Gentilis,  Vincenzo,  308 
Gentyle,  Albericus,  93 
Gentyle,  Hester,  93 
Gentyle,  Mathew,  96 
Gentyle,  Mathewe,  93 
George  I.,  327,  328,  348 
George  II.,  327,  328 
George  III.,  180,  420 
George,  — ,  171 
George,  Henry,  184 
Gibbins,  Edward,  132,  133 
Gibbon,  Edward,  134,  135 
Gibbons,  Dr.,  354 
Gibson,  — ,  130 
Gifford,  George,  316,  317 
Gifford,  Humfry,  94 
Gifford,  Philip,  94 
Gilbert,  — ,  135 
Giles,  — ,  84 
Girton,  — ,  220 
Gladstone,  G.,  435 
Glassappe,  Katherine,  26,  27 
Gloucester,  Bishop  of,  222 
Gloucester,  Elizabeth,  7 
Gloucester,  Henry,  6 
Gloucester,  Henry  Duke  of,  323 
Gloucester,  Johanna,  7 


444 


Index. 


Gloucester,  John,  7 

Gloucester,  Margaret,  7 

Gloucester,  Richard  Duke  of,  231,  331 

Gloucester,  Wilhelmina,  7 

Gloucester,  William,  7 

Glover,  John,  130 

Glyn  &  Co.,  Messrs.,  81 

Goddard,  Captain  George,  98 

Goddard,  Dr.  Jonathan,  98,  286,  317-8 

Goddolphyn,  — ,  101,  102 

Godson,  — ,  204,  205 

Godwin,  Rev.  Edward,  348,  353-4 

Goodhall,  Mrs.,  199 

Goodhall,  Richard,  99,  199 

Good-Inch,  Richard,  98 

Goodman,  — ,  378 

Goodman,  Charles,  134 

Goodman,  Reynald,  16 

Goodman,  Roland,  34 

Goodwin,  Dr.,  317 

Goodwin,  William,  112 

Goodwyn,  Thomas,  35 

Gordon,  Lord  George,  187 

Gordon,  John,  109 

Gordon  &  Co.,  Messrs.,  337 

Goslin,  Captain  Francis,  95 

Goslin,  Richard,  95 

Goslin,  Sarah,  95 

Gosling,  W.,  182,  193,  214 

Gough,  Hugh,  284 

Gough,  Richard,  74,  228,  380 

Gould,  John,  139 

Gould,  Nathaniel,  143,  148 

Gower,  W.  L.,  426 

Graham,  —,119 

Grant,  — ,  378 

Grant,  Christopher,  292 

Grantham,  Lady,  351 

Granville,  Mary,  305 

Gray,  George,  102 

Graye,  Elizabeth,  26,  27 

Graye,  George,  101 

Graye,  William,  101 

Green,  —,173 

Green,  Ann,  197 

Green,  Catherine,  162,  183,  197 

Green,  Mary,  158,  162 

Green,  Mrs.,  176 

Green,  Samuel,  142 

Greenaway,  Thomas,   82,   192,  199,  200, 

208,  402,  404 
Greene,  Alice,  93 
Greene,  George,  93 
Greene,  John,  174,  175 
Greene,  Thomas,  93 
Gregory  the  Great,  57,  360 
Grene,  William,  35 
Gresham,  Anne,  280 
Gresham,  Anne  Lady,  96,  220,  273,  284, 

285 

Gresham,  Charles,  95 
Gresham,  Sir  Charles,  426 
Gresham,  Sir  Edward,  426 
Gresham,  John,  96,  271,  426 
Gresham,  Sir  John,  271,  272,  274,  426 
Gresham,  Sir  Marmaduke,  426 
Gresham,  Martha,  95 


Gresham,  Mary,  95 

Gresham,  Richard,  275,  280 

Gresham,  Sir  Richard,  271,  272,  273,  274, 

279,  426 

Gresham,  Thomas,  426 
Gresham,  Sir  Thomas,  35.  41,  45,  53,  66, 

96,  97,  105,  216,  220,  235,  248,  271-86, 

336,  337,  378,  379,  380,  426-33 
Gresham,  William,  426 
Grevell,  Anne  Lady,  94,  97 
Grevell,  Sir  Fouke,  94,  97 
Grevell,  Lettis,  94,  97 
Grey,  Earl,  331 
Griffin,  George,  175,  212 
Griffin,  G.  E.,  212 
Griffia,  Thomas,  152,  154,  155,  175 
Grigman,  — ,  87 
Grimbel,  William,  283 
Grindal,  Edmund,  104 
Grocers'  Company,  45,  228,  378 
Grosvenor,  — ,  226 
Grosvenor,  Dr.  Benjamin,  333,  338,  342-3, 

344,  345,  346 
Grosvenor,  Jane,  240 
Grosvenor,  Sir  Richard,  240 
Grove,  George,  199 
Grove,  Henry,  345 
Gurle,  William,  35 
Guy,  Mary,  190 
Guynand,  — ,  150,  160 
Guynand,  Henry,  162 
Guyon,  Samuel,  136,  138 
Gwercy,  Balthazar,  32 
Gwillan,  Amy,  162 
Gwilliams,  Abell,  223 
Gwynne,  Dr.,  314 


IJ  ABERDASHERS'  Company,  63,  378 

•"-    Hackett,  Miss,  336 

Hagar,  William,  101,  102,  103 

Hailes,  John,  102 

Hale,  — ,  160 

Hall,  — ,  334 

Hall,  Alice,  26 

Hall,  Edward,  235 

Hall,  Giles,  119 

Hall,  Henry,  99 

Hall,  Roger,  24,  26 

Hall,  Thomas,  130,  131 

Halsey,  —,216 

Hamerton,  Henry,  139 

Hamilton,  Dr.  R.,  404,  406 

Hanbury,  John,  119,  120 

Hanger,  — ,131 

Hanham,  Elionor,  26,  27 

Hanks,  Mrs.,  140 

Hanson,  Thomas,  80,  87,  173,  174,  197 

Hardwicke,  John,  192,  196 

Hardwicke,  Lord,  90 

Hardy,  — ,  116 

Hardy.  Sir  Thomas  Duffus,  104,  121,  177, 

226,  293,  299,  339 
Hare,  Sir  R.,  301 
Harman,  Richard,  17 
Harpsfield,  Dr.  John,  246 
Harpsfield,  Nicholas,  246-7 


Index. 


445 


Harrington,  Sir  John,  48 

Harrington,  William,  297 

Harris,  Edward,  134 

Harris  &  Co.,  John,  154 

Harrison,  — ,213 

Harrison,  Edmund,  423 

Harrison,  Lancelot,  30,  33 

Harrocke,  John,  17 

HaiTope,  John,  33 

Harrys,  Robert,  35 

Harvey,  Rebecca,  219 

Harwood,  Dr.,  121 

Hasilwood,  John,  251 

Haskinstells,  Joseph,  92 

Hastings,  Lord,  331 

Hastings,  Walter,  96 

Hatch,  Rev.  G.  A.,  407,  409 

Hatclefe,  William,  230 

Hathaway,  — ,  128 

Hattie,  — ,  223 

Hatton,  Sir  Christopher,  256 

Hatton,  Christopher  Lord,  256 

Hatton,  Edward,  251 

Hawes,  — ,  162 

Hawes,  Dr.  John,  95,  121 

Hawes,  Margaret,  95 

Hawes,  Tho.,  114 

Hawes,  William,  95 

Hawkins,  — ,  164 

Hawkins,  Sir  John,  258 

Haws,  Rev.  Thos.,  55 

Hawte,  Alan,  15 

Hawte,  Alen,  17 

Hawte,  Elizabeth,  20,  30 

Hay,  George,  174 

Haydn,  Joseph,  177 

Hayes,  —,216 

Hayward,  — ,  348 

Hay  wood,  Rev.  Valentine,  55,  99,  142, 
146,  147,  149,  152 

Heath,  George,  114,  118,  121,  122 

Hellen,  Isaac,  136 

Henchman,  Anthony,  94 

Henchman,  Mary,  94 

Henchman,  Thomas,  94 

Henneagius,  Thomas,  68 

Henry  II.,  257 

Henry  III.,  10,  11 

Henry  IV.,  227,  425 

Henry  IV.  of  France,  263 

Henry  V.,  228,  234 

Henry  VI.,  10,  231,  234,  247,  332 

Henry  VIL,  12,  41,  73,  234,  241,  278, 
296,  331,  380,  425 

Henry  VIII.,  7,  12,  13,  14,  15,  16,  17, 19, 
20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  25,  26,  32,  33,  34, 
35,  46,  47,  48,  51,  68,  73,  74,  228, 
234,  235,  236,  239,  241,  244,  245,  246, 
250,  257,  272,  273,  274,  296,  320,  330, 
332,  380,  425 

Henryke,  281,  282 

Hentzner,  — ,  277 

Heriot,  — ,216 

Herman,  Richard,  33 

Hertford,  Edward  Earl  of,  382,  383 
Hesketh,  Rev.  Henry,  55,  108,  109,   110, 
111,  225 


Hewitt,  Thomas,  297 

Hewitt,  William,  297 

Heylin,  Rev.  Peter,  54 

Hey  ward,  Johane,  17 

Hey  wood,  John,  229 

Hickes,  George,  191 

Hickley,  — ,  222 

Higges,  Dr.,  349 

Higham,  Roger,  35 

Highmore,  — ,  327 

Hill,  Grace,  94 

Hill,  H.,  85 

Hill,  Rowland,  94 

Hill,  Thomas,  149,  156,  165 

Hilliard,  — ,  121 

Hoare,  Richard,  92 

Hoby,  — ,  277 

Hodge,  Dr.  John,  338,  345-6 

Hodges,  — ,  150 

Hodgson,  Jacob,  166 

Hodgson,  James  Stewart,  41,  379 

Hodgson,  Kirkman  Daniel,  41,  379 

Holinshed,  Raphael,  235,  242,  249,  284 

Holkomb,  — ,  121 

Holland,  Epiphanus,  95 

Holland,  Susanna,  95 

Holland,  Thomas  Erskine,  308 

Holies,  Anne,  239 

Holies,  Elizabeth,  250 

Holies,  Elizabeth  Lady,  236,  238,  239 

Holies,  Sir  Thomas,  239 

Holies,  Sir  William,  234-40,  248,  249,  250 

Hollo  way,  — ,270 

Holloway,  Joyce,  270 

Hollys,  Thomas,  237 

Holmes  &  Hall,  Messrs.,  199,  333,  334 

Hood,  Rev.  Harman,  344,  348,  353 

Hook,  Rev.  Dr., '46,  47 

Hooke,  — ,  430 

Hooke,  Grace,  319 

Hooke,  Robert,  318-9,  320 

Horseley,  John,  134 

Horton,  Lawrence,  316 

Horton,  Rev.  Thomas,  54,  316-7 

Hotoman,  John,  311 

Hough  ton,  — ,  108 

Houghton,  Lord,  240 

Houston,  Thomas,  179,  182,  192,  199 

How,  Thomas,  134 

Howard,  Sir  E.,  325 

Howard,  Admiral  Lord,  49 

Howe,  — ,  103,  104 

Howe,  Father,  219 

Howe,  John,  347,  352 

Howell,  William,  29 

Howland,  Sir  Giles,  91 

Howland,  John,  91 

Howley,  Bishop,  404 

Howse,  Anthony,  93 

Howse,  George,  93 

Hubbard,  Major,  351 

Hughes,  Rev.  — ,  54 

Hughes,  John,  170,  172,  176 

Hughes,  Rev.  Obadiah,  344 

Hughes,  R.,  188 

Hughson,  4 

Hugo,  Hubert,  4 


446 


Index. 


Hugo,  Rev.  Thomas,  11,   12,  16,  23,  32, 

361 

Humphrey,  Dr.,  269 
Hungate,  Anne,  292,  293 
Hunt,  — ,  162,  160 
Hunte,  William,  35 
Hunter,  — ,  83 
Hussey,  Sir  Thomas,  92,  322 
Hutchin,  Thomas,  2J4 
Hutchins,  Thomas,  84,  182,  194,  197 
Hutchinson,  Harriet,  93 
Hyde,  Sir  Edward,  319 

TNGRAM,  Sir  Arthur,  92 
•*•     Iregonwell,  Dorothy,  92 
Ireson,  Mrs.,  77 
Ironmongers'  Company,  75 
Iveson,  Mrs.,  134 
Izard,  — ,  109 

JACKSON,  — ,  141 

"      Jackson,  Dr.,  201,  202 

James  I.,  41,  46,  69,  289,  292,  293,  298, 

301,  312,  333,  425 
James  II.,  327,  341 
James,  Rev.  Ptolomy,  55,  134,  141 
James,  Richard,  209 
Jarnowich,  — ,  212 
Jarrett,  Sir  Gilbert,  94 
Jarrett,  Mary  Lady,  94 
Jarrett,  Robert,  94 
Jarvis,  Anne,  96 
Jarvis,  John,  96 
Jarvis,  Richard  Beresford,  96 
Jeckell,  John,  93 
Jekyll,  Sir  Joseph,  138 
Jenner,  — ,  201 
Jenning,  Miss,  306 
Jennings,  John,  378,  183 
Job  rakt  out  of  the  Asshes,  93,  96 
John,  King,  6 
John  XXIL,  Pope,  360 
John  of  Brabant,  426 
Johnson,  — ,  172 
Johnson,  Rev.  John,  340 
Jollie,  Timothy,  342,  343,  344 
Jones,  — ,  99,  245 
Jones,  Inigo,  40,  44,  51 
Jones,  Joseph,  117,  118,  120 
Jones,  Dr.  Richard,  338,  346-7 
Jones,  Rev.  Samuel,  353,  354 
Jones,  William,  379 
Jordaine,  John,  227 
Jordan,  Abra,  152,  154,  156 
Josselyn,  R.,  228 
Judde,  Alice,  255,  256 
Judde,  Sir  Andrew,  66,  67,  236,  238,  239, 

243,  247-57,  378,  380 
Judde,  John,  247,  255 
Judde,  Sir  John,  256 
Judde,  Mary,  255 
Judde,  Richard,  255 
Judde,  Thomas,  247 
Julian,  Jane,  30,  33 
J  urine,  Captain  Isaac,  97 
Juxon,  Bishop,  47 


TT-ALKBRENNER,  —  213 

-"-     Katharine,  Queen,  35,  239 

Katharine  of  Berain,  278 

Kello,  Rev.  James,  348,  354-5 

Kellum,  Major-General,  98,  144 

Kelly,  James,  333 

Kemp,  Thomas,  247 

Kendall,  Henry,  173,  174 

Kentwode,  Reynold,  8,  11,  14,  361 

Kerwan,  Andrew,  82 

Kerwin,  William,  59,  60,  82,  83,  131,  220, 

380 

Kettle,  Clement,  114 
Kimber,  — ,326 
King,  David,  403 
King,  John,  293 
Kingston,  Anthony,  242 
Kirk,  —,110 
Kirk,  Elizabeth,  81,  148 
Kirke,  Richard,  102 
Kirkes,  Thomas,  81 
Kirwin,  Benjamin,  60 
Kirwin,  Magdalen,  59 
Knight,  David,  143 
Knight,  T.,  216 
Knolls,  Robert,  19 
Knollys,  Rev.  Hansard,  356-8 
Knowlys,  Elizabeth,  93 
Knox,  — ,  162 
Knyght,  Thomas,  12,  21 
Enyll,  William,  102,  105 
Konigius,  G.  M.,  313    . 
Kuhff,  Frederick  Charles,  62 
Kuhff,  Henry  Peter,  62 
Kuhff,  Peter,  62,  193,  204 
Kylbye,  —,102 
Kyme,  John,  235 
Kyrton,  Richard,  35 


T  ADYMAN,  James,  141,  149,  150 

*•*     Ladyman,  John,  156 

Lake,  Attwell,  95 

Lake,  Sir  Bybie,  95,  137 

Lake,  Mary  Lady,  95 

Lake,  Sir  Thomas,  298,  322 

Lampon,  Nicholas,  83 

Landois,  — ,  230 

Langford,  Dr.,  354 

Langham,  — ,  378 

Langham,  Anne,  322 

Langham,  Dr.,  97 

Langham,  Elizabeth,  92,  322 

Langham,  Henry  de,  321 

Langham,  Sir  James,  322 

Langham,  Sir  John,  51,  84,  85,  92,  321-2, 

333,  339 

Langham,  Lady,  97 
Langham,  Mary,  92,  94 
Langham,  Mrs.,  97 
Langham,  Rebecca,  322 
Langham,  Sarah,  92,  322 
Langham,  Sir  Stephen,  94,  322 
Langham,  William,  321 
Langham,  Sir  William,  322 
Langley,  — ,  109 
Larke,  Thomas,  13 


Index. 


447 


Laud,  Archbishop,  46,  300 

Lawe,  Emma,  33 

Lawes,  Nich.  W.,  196 

Lawrence,  Abigail,  60,  94 

Lawrence,  Lady  Abigail,  98 

Lawrence,  Adam,  84,  108 

Lawrence,  Catherine,  99 

Lawrence,  Lady  Catherine,  98,  99 

Lawrence,  Dorothy,  85,  146 

Lawrence,  Elizabeth,  326 

Lawrence,  John,  325 

Lawrence,  John,  94 

Lawrence,  Sir  John,  325 

Lawrence,  Sir  John,  43,  51,  60,  72,  85,  94, 

98,  108,  142,  146,  147,  194,  196,  197, 

203,  207,  225,  315,  319,  323-6,  403, 

408 

Lawrence,  Judith,  326 
Lawrence,  Oliver,  325 
Lawrence,  Rebecca,  94 
Lawrence,  Sir  Robert,  325 
Lawrence,  Rev.  William,  54,  325 
Leathersellers'  Company,  7,  16,  36,  45,  63, 

122,  138,  148,  211,  223,  224,  226,  251 
Leicester,  Earl  of,  311,  312 
Leigh,  Richard,  91 
Leithulein,  — ,  133 
Leland,  John,  241 
Lely,  Sir  Peter,  319 
Lem,  Joseph,  109 
Le  Mesurier,  Rev.  J.  M.  L.,  56 
Lemm,  — ,  108 
Le  Neve,  — ,  105,  121,  177,  226,  293,  299, 

339,  352 

Leneve,  Sir  William,  321 
Lennox,  Duke  of,  94 
Leonard,  Chrisogon,  93 
Leonard,  Sir  Henry,  93 
Leonard,  Pembrook,  93 
Lepiper,  — ,  131 
Leslie,  Bishop,  312 
L' Estrange,  Lady  Ann,  91 
Leventhorpe,  John,  73,  233-4,  380 
Leventhorpe,  Sir  John,  234 
Leventhorpe,  Thomas,  234 
Leventhorpe,  Sir  Thomas,  234 
Leveson-Gower,  Granville William  Gresham, 

274,  426 

Leveson-Gower,  William,  426 
Lewis,  Rev.  John,  54,  221,  416 
Lewis,  Joseph,  111 
Lewys,  — ,  220 
Licinius,  1 
Lightbourn,  — ,138 
Lightfoot,  John,  301 
Lincoln,  Bishop,  19,  356 
Lintot,  — ,  304 
Linus,  58 

Lisle,  John  Viscount,  382,  383 
Lister,  Sir  Richard,  382,  383 
Little,  J.  H.,  212 
Litton,  — ,  321 
Litton,  Joane,  321 
Llandaff,  Nicholas  Bishop  of,  17 
Lloyd,  Dr.,  352 
Lloyd,  John,  426 
Lloyd,  William,  55 


Lock,  Sir  John,  95,  139 

Lock,  Martha,  95 

Lock,  Martha  Lady,  95 

Lock,  Michael,  288 

Locker,  Stephen,  122,  123,  125,  129 

Lodge,  Edmund,  288,  299,  300,  307,  334 

Lodge,  George,  102 

Lodge,  John,  156,  161,  169,  177 

Loggin,  Thomas,  401,  402 

Logier,  — ,  213 

Lomelin,  James,  321 

Lomelini,  Domenico,  320 

Lomelyn,  Domenic,  22,  35 

Londindine,  Thomas,  156 

Long,  Jane,  305 

Long,  Miss,  305 

Lonondine,  Margaret,  162 

Looker,  Rev.  — ,161 

Loraine,  Sir  William,  326 

Lord,  — ,  163,  164 

Louis  le  Debonnaire,  361 

Love,  Christopher,  339 

Lovel,  Lord,  331 

Low,  George  Archdale,  192 

Low,  Richard,  192 

Lowe,  Emma,  17 

Lowe,  Richard,  141 

Loyd,  Richard,  136 

Lubton,  — ,  171 

Lucy,  Mary,  92 

Lumley,  James,  321 

Lumley,  Sir  James,  321 

Lumley,  Margery,  97 

Lumley,  Sir  Martin,  54,  79,  80,  97,  120, 

176,    178,    179,   193,    197,    200,   203, 

320-1,  322,  326 
Lumley,  Sir  Martin,  321 
Lumley,  Thomas,"  321 
Lupton,  Mrs.,  193 
Lusher,  Richard,  289 
Lynn,  Audrey,  272 
Lynn,  George,  298 
Lynn,  William,  272 


-JI/TACCLESFIELD,  George  Earl  of,  307 

1U-     McDougall,  Alexander,  52,  379 

McDougall,  Alexander  John,  52,  53,  379 

Machin,  Sir  Henry,  224 

Machyn,  Henry,  220 

Mackenzie,   Rev.  Charles,  56,  80 

Mackin,  Rafe,  74 

Maden,  Rev.  Richard,  54 

Madox,  Thomas,  12 

Maitland,  William,  424 

Malatri,  Richard,  5 

Malcolm,  James  P.,  7,  15,  16,  30,  37,  55 

Malpas,  Philip,  11 

Manchester,  Earl  of,  260,  323 

Manning,  John,  303 

Man  waring,  Jaell,  94 

Manwaring,  Roger,  94 

Mapletoff,  Elizabeth,  92 

Mapletoft,  Rev.  — ,  55,  176 

Marchant,  — ,160 

Margerura,  R.,  160 

Margerum,  Samuel,  198 


448 


Index. 


Marjoram,  — ,  163 

Marsom,  Jacob,  170 

Marten,  Sir  Henry,  295 

Martin,  Dr.,  316 

Martin,  Mrs.,  186 

Martin,  Richard,  289 

Martin  &  Co.,  Messrs.,  276 

Mary,  Queen,  48,  68,  246,  248,  249,  252, 
258,  275,  276,  287,  296 

Mashedo,  Thomas,  134 

Masters,  — ,81 

Mather,  —  356 

Mathew,  Dr.  Tobie,  311 

Mattheuci,  Clarice,  308 

Maundeville,  Sir  John,  3 

Maunsell,  Peter,  314 

Mauras,  Nicholas,  286 

Maxwell,  Thomas,  179 

May,  John,  134 

Maynard,  — ,  149 

Maynard,  John,  169 

Maynard,  Thomas,  166 

Mayo,  Charles,  93 

Mead,  John,  109 

Meddus,  S.,  267 

Medici,  — ,  229 

Meen,  Rev.  H.,  404,  406 

Melsham,  John,  22,  25,  27 

Mercers'  Company,  45,  223,  234,  239,  274, 

283,  316,  335,  378,  425 
Merchant,  Peter,  139 
Merchant  Taylors'  Company,  41,  223,  377, 

379,  381,  410,  418,  422 
Meredith,  Jane,  321 
Meredith,  John,  321 
Meynon,  — ,  81 
Meynon,  Mrs.,  223 
Michael  Angelo,  42 
Middleton,  Rev.  — ,  55,  200 
Mildmay,  Thomas,  29,  30 
Mildmey,  Sir  Walter,  221 
Miller,  William,  130 
Mills,  — ,  166,  172 
Milward,  Rev.  Matthias,  54 
Minton,  Messrs.,  44 
Mirfyn,  Frances,  255 
Mirfyn,  Sir  Thomas,  243,  255 
Misenor,  Thomas,  180,  181 
Montacute,  Lady,  288 
Montague,  Sir  Edward,  382 
Montague,  Sir  Henry,  260 
Moore,  Sir  Thomas,  237 
Moore,  William,  192 
More,  Thomas,  19 
More,  Sir  Thomas,  246,  332 
Mores,  E.  R.,  74,  379,  380 
Moreton,  Mary,  164 
Morgan,  —,214 
Morgan,  William,  92 
Morice,  Rev.  William,  401,  402 
Morley,  Rev.  — ,  221 
Morley,  Anne,  93 
Morley,  Thomas,  93 
Moseley,  Elizabeth,  171 
Moses,  — ,  167,  168 
Mostyn,  Sir  Roger,  32 
Mounsell,  Peter,  96 


Mountain,  Mary,  92 

Mulcaster,   Robert,    109,    117,   120.    129, 

130,  132,  135,  140,  141 
Mullins,  John,  104 
Murray,  John,  301 
Murry,  Patrick,  97 
Mylburne,  Sir  John,  235 
Mynot,  Susannah,  178 


TVTAISH,  Rev.  John,  55,  99,  177,  188, 

**      196,  197,  198,  201,  202 

Naish,  Miss,  212 

Naish,  Mrs.,  202 

Necton,  David,  21 

Nelson,  Admiral  Lord,  213 

Nelson,  Mary,  95 

Nelson,  Captain  Peyton,  95 

Nesham,  Agnes,  12 

Nesham,  Robert,  12 

Netherlands,  Philip  Archduke  of  the,  425 

Netley,  David,  18,  27 

Nevil,  Thomas,  229 

Nevill,  Sir  Henry,  285,  426,  430 

Neville,  Richard,  426 

Newcastle,  Duke  of,  240,  249 

Newcastle,  John  Holies,  Duke  of,  240 

Newcourt,  — ,  4,  5,  6,  35,  51,  54,  269, 
359 

Newland,  Mary,  145 

Newman,  Edwin,  53 

Newman,  Rev.  John,  345 

Newnes,  Moses,  226 

Newton,  Henry,  95 

Newton,  John,  16,  34 

Newton,  Margaret,  95 

Newton,  Robert,  95 

Newton,  Dr.  Thomas,  177 

Nichoks  IV.,  47 

Nicholas,  Sir  N.  H.,  250 

Nichols,  John  Bowyer,  292 

Niger,  Roger,  46 

Noble,  Eustace  le,  241 

Norden,  Fred.  Lewis,  280 

Norfolk,  Bernard  Edward  Howard,  Duke 

of,  334 

Norfolk,  Thomas  Duke  of,  382 
North,  — ,  225 
Northampton,  Countess  of,  94 
Northampton,    Spencer    Earl  of,    51,   94, 

114,  225,  226,  267 
Northampton,  William  Compton,  Earl  of, 

267 

Northampton,  Marquis  of,  70,  377 
Northumberland,  Duke  of,  272,  275 
Nye,  Philip,  271 


ODYLL,  Thomas,  102 
Offa,  King  of  Mercia,  46 
Oldfield,  — ,  343 
Oldsworth,  Rev.  Clerk,  338,  345 
Olivar,  — ,  79 
Olivar,  Rev.  John,  54 
Oliver,  — ,  221 
Olyver,  Mrs.,  222 
Orange,  William  Prince  of,  333 


Index. 


449 


Orme,  Dr.,  182 

Ormond,  Duke  of,  323 

Orrery,  John  Bo.yle,  Earl  of,  304 

Orridge,  B.  B.,  11 

Osbert,  5 

Osborn,  Samuel,  165,  167 

Oseley,  Captain,  49 

Oteswich,  John,  378,  435 

Over,  — ,  250 

Owen,  Dr.,  317 

Owterede,  Robert,  22,  35 

Oxtoby,  Charles,  88,  185,  188 


PAGE,  John,  93 
Page,  Olympia  Charlotte,  93 
Paget,  Sir  William,  273 
Paige,  — ,  109,  110,  111 
Paige,  Mrs.,  86 
Palavicino,  Horatio,  312 
Palmer,  —,142 
Palmer,  Rev.  Samuel,  348 
Palmer,  William,  77,  134 
Pamplyn,  Joan,  26,  27 
Papillon,  D.,  260 
Par,  Lord,  235 
Parker,  — ,  148 
Parker,  Archbishop,  246 
Parker,  Hon.  George  Lane,  307 
Parker,  John,  32,  33 
Parker,  Richard,  17 
Parker,  Thomas,  101,  103 
Parker,  William,  52 
Parry,  Sir  Thomas,  277 
Parsons,  John,  95 
Parsons,  Mary,  95 
Pashley,  Edward,  168 
Paule,  Alice,  33 
Paulet,  Sir  William,  382 
Paulo  Csesarino,  John  de,  287 
Payne,  Catherine,  239 
Payne,  Thomas,  159,  162 
Pearson,  James,  401 
Peck,  Ann,  97 
Pegge,  — ,  228 
Peirce,  Mary,  94 
Peirsen,  Edmund,  94 
Pelishall,  Elizabeth,  91 
Pelling,  Rev.  Edward,  54,  108 
Pemberton,  Hugh,  378,  381 
Pemberton,  Katherine,  381 
Pembroke,  Countess  of,  222 
Pembroke,  Earl  of,  230,  349 
Penara,  — ,  137 
Pennoyer,  William,  80,  85 
Penrice,  James,  98 
Pepper,  Solomon,  165 
Pepys,  Richard,  92 
Pepys,  Samuel,  284,  324,  325 
Percy e,  Thomas,  21 
Perfect,  Rev.  — ,  160 
Perkins,  Charles,  81 
Perrin,  Margaret,  287,  288 
Persey,  Thomas,  24 
Petre,  — ,  273 
Petrelli,  Diodoro,  308 
Petrelli,  Lucrezia,  308 


Pett,  Thomas,  17 

Petty,  Sir  Henry,  319 

Pewterers'  Company,  77 

Philip  of  Spain,  248,  258,  277 

Philips,  Sir  Edward,  293 

Phillips,  — ,  193,  222 

Phillips,  William,  170,  172,  176 

Philp,  — ,  216 

Philpot,  — ,  247 

Philpott,  Sir  John,  299 

Philpott,  Thomas,  299 

Pickering,  William,  67,  68 

Pickering,  Sir  William,   44,    67,   68,   172, 

216,  257-8,  380 
Picketts,  Thomas,  128 
Pike,  — ,  348 

Pilkington,  William  Boles,  99 
Pinfold,  Sir  Tho.,  118 
Pitchford,  Elizabeth,  91 
Pitchford,  William,  91 
Pitfield,  Alexander,  95 
Pitfield,  Elizabeth,  95 
Pitfield,  Winifred,  95 
Pitt,  William,  213 
Pitts,  — ,  218 
Pitway,  John,  91 
Plumer,  Sir  Thomas,  210,  217 
Plumpton,  William,  35 
Plymley,  Rev.  — ,  55 
Pocock,  William,  204,  205 
Pointz,  Sir  Francis,  244 
Pole,  Cardinal,  27,  28 
Pollard,  Sir  John,  96 
Pollard,  Lady,  96 
Pomfret,  Earl  of,  245 
Pontius  Pilate,  2 
Poole,  — ,  378    ' 
Poole,  Nathaniel,  138,  144 
Poole,  William,  76,  126,  144,  157 
Pope,  Alexander,  304 
Pope,  John,  35 
Pope,  Sir  Thomas,  301 
Porteous,  Bishop,  404 
Portland,  Richard  Weston,  302 
Potter,  Joseph,  182,  185,  192,  194,  196 
Poulet,  Sir  William,  296 
Powell,  — ,  208 
Powell,  Elizabeth,  91 
Powell,  Susannah,  93 
Powell,  Sir  William,  91 
Poynings,  Joane,  74 
Poynings,  Richard,  74,  379 
Poynings,  Robert  Lord,  74,  379 
Prentice,  Rev.  Thomas,  348,  354 
Price,  Ann,  144 
Prideaux,  — ,  270 
Prideaux,  Ann,  98 

Prideaux,  Edmund,  98,  113,  114,  117,  123 
Prideaux,  Mrs.,  86,  128 
Prior,  Matthew,  303 
Prior,  William,  77,   141,   143,  179,   184, 

194,  197,  212,  403 
Pritchard,  — ,  121 
Pryor,  — ,  108 

Punshon,  Jonathan,  206,  402 
Pyncheon,  Agnes,  247 
Pyncheon,  William,  247 


G    G 


450 


Index. 


QUERCY,  Balthasar,  287 


"DADCLIFFE,  Sir  John,  245 

**>    Radulf,  4 

Ralph  de  Diceto,  5 

Ramelius,  Henry,  333 

Rancoke,  Thomas,  17 

Ranulph,  4 

Raper,  Moses,  139 

Rawdon,  Elizabeth,  92 

Rawson,  — ,  218 

Raymond,  Juliana,  92 

Read,  Elizabeth,  162 

Read,  William,  273 

Reade,  Ann,  91 

Reade,  Gertrude,  96 

Reade,  Mildred  Lady,  285 

Reade,  Sir  Thomas,  96,  285 

Reade,  William,  93 

Reade,  Sir  William,  96,  285 

Rebotier,  Charles,  95 

Rebotier,  Esther,  95 

Rebotier,  Magdalen,  95 

Rebow,  Abigail,  72 

Rebow,  Lemying,  72 

Reddaway,  Richard,  134 

Reed,  Sir  Bartholomew,  332 

Reigni,  Hester  de,  308 

Relly,  Rev.  James,  355-6 

Reresby,  Gervash,  71,  86,  126 

Reynolds,  Dr.,  318 

Reynolds,  Rev.  John,  338,  341 

Riccard,  Susannah,  301 

Richard  II.,  247 

Richard  III.,  231,  296,  331,  332 

Richard,  — ,  223 

Richard  de  Winton,  4 

Richard  of  Westminster,  2 

Richards,  J.,  216 

Richards,  Lawrence,  245 

Richardson,  — ,  379 

Richmond,  Earl  of,  230,  231 

Ridley,  Bishop,  47 

Rigby,  Thomas,  228 

Risden,  — ,  325 

Rispe,  Henry,  126 

Rivaz,  Frances  Mary  Rachael,  93 

Rivers,  David,  348 

Rivers,  Earl,  331 

Rives,  Brewen,  94 

Rives,  Joseph,  94 

Robarts,  Roger,  189 

Robert,  4 

Robert  de  Aco,  4 

Robert  de  Amond,  4 

Robert  de  Cadomo,  4 

Robert  the  younger,  4 

Robertson,  J.  C.,  54 

Robinson,  Arthur,  75 

Robinson,  Rev.  Benjamin,  226,  348,  351-3 

Robinson,  Bishop,  379 

Robinson,  Christian,  59 

Robinson,  John,  75,  59,  137, 197,  214,  380 

Robinson,  Dr.  John,  98 

Robinson,  Sir  John,  205,  325 


Robinson,  Mary,  98 

Robinson,  Mrs.,  220 

Robinson,  William,  81,  197 

Robson,  Thomas,  27,  28 

Roch,  William,  235 

Rochester,  Bishop  of,  225 

Rochester,  Robert,  73,  380 

Rodd,  Miss,  212,  213 

Roe,  — ,  87 

Roger,  — ,  126 

Rolfe,  — ,  379 

Rollesley,  Alice,  12 

Rollesley,  Edward,  22,  27 

Rollesley,  Elizabeth,  12 

Rollesley,  John,  14,  17, 18,  22,  24,  27,  33, 

35 

Rollesley,  Mary,  11,  12,  13,  14,  15,  26 
Romaine,  Rev.  — ,162 
Romanus,  St.,  360 
Rooke,  — ,  286 
Roper,  — ,  332 
Roper,  W.,  216 
Rose,  — ,  378 
Roskell,  A.,  216 
Rosny,  Marquis  of,  263,  333 
Rougemont,  John  Henry,  93 
Roulande,  John,  28 
Rowe,  —,155 
Rowe,  Sir  Henry,  79,  222 
Rowe,  Sir  Thomas,  281 
Ruck,  — ,  142 
Rudd,  Thomas,  404 
Ruddle  &  Clarke,  Messrs.,  335 
Rudston,  John,  235 
Rupert,  Prince,  271,  283 
Russell,  Dr.  John,  230 
Russell,  Sir  John,  17,  382 
Russell,  John  Lord,  382,  383 
Russell,  W.,  213 
Rygby,  Thomas,  233 
Ryke,  John,  280 
Ryson,  Thomas,  27 
Ryther,  Ferdinando,  298 
Ryther,  Mary,  298 
Ryther,  Susan,  298 
Ryther,  Sir  William,  298 
Ryvers,  Alderman,  281 


QACKVILLE,  Lord  George,  307 

O     St.  Botolph,  34 

St.  George,  Sir  Henry,  321 

St.  Helena,  1,  2,  3,  4 

St.  John,  William  Lord,  296,  382,  383 

Saggers,  J.  G.,  208,  216,  219 

Salt,  — ,  250 

Salusbury,  John,  278 

Sampson,  Margaret,  26,  27 

Sancroft,  Dr.  William,  325,  339 

Sandars,  Mary,  179,  180 

Sanderson,  Dr.,  92 

Sanderson,  Dorcas,  96 

Sanderson,  Mary,  92 

Sanderson,  Thomas,  96 

Sandys,  George,  3 

Saunders,  Blase,  101,  102,  103,  104 

Sauuders,  Mrs.,  164 


Index. 


451 


Saunders,  Samuel,  352 

Sayer,  Edward,  95 

Sayer,  Elizabeth,  95 

Sayer,  Sarah,  95 

Scattergood,  — ,  162 

Schetz,  — ,  275 

Schooling,  —,193 

Scidmore,  — ,  193 

Scopeham,  Elizabeth,  249 

Scopeham,  John,  239,  249 

Scopeham,  Thomas,  239,  249,  250 

Scott,  Jane,  92 

Scott,  John,  134,  135 

Scott,  Sir  John,  230 

Scrope,  Henry  Lord,  228 

Scudamore,  Phillippe,  426 

Seamer,  Henry,  74,  379 

Seayers,  — ,131 

Sem,  Joseph,  86 

Sewstre,  John,  20 

Seymour,  Sir  Thomas,  243 

Shakspeare,  William,  221,  332 

Shakspeare  Society,  229 

Shelton,  William,  13,  23 

Shepherd,  — ,  216 

Sherborne,  Bridget,  307 

Sherborne,  Davenant,  307 

Sherbrook,  Richard,  99 

Sherbrooke,  John  Brette,  99 

Sherlock,  William,  121 

Sherly,  Cicely,  91 

Sheton,  Jerome,  23 

Shirborne,  William,  35 

Shore,  Jane,  230 

Shore,  Matthew,  229 

Shreife,  John,  133 

Shrewsbury,  Earl  of,  243 

Shuckburgh,  Anne,  94 

Shuckburgh,  George,  94 

Shurburne,  William,  18,  23 

Shutt,  — ,  109 

Sibley,  William,  183,  184 

Sidney,  Sir  Philip,  311,  312 

Sikes,  Rev.  Thomas,  93 

Simmons,  William,  134 

Simon  of  Durham,  3 

Simpson,  — ,  378 

Simpson,  Rev.  — ,  55 

Simpson,  Thomas,  401 

Sinclair,  Catherine,  190 

Skegge,  — ,  103 

Skeres,  Raffe,  102 

Skinners'  Company,    81,  223,    243,  251, 

252,  253,  254,  256,  257,  378,  403,  408 
Skip  with,  Honnor,  94 
Skipwith,  Patrick,  94 
Skipwith,  Willoby,  94 
Slade,  — ,  83 
Slany,  John,  224 
Slater,    Rev.   Samuel,    338,   340-1,  342, 

343 

Sloane,  Sir  Hans,  287 
Small,  John,  35 
Smart,  Sir  George,  213 
Smith,  Rev.  — ,  55 
Smith,  John,  62,  88,  89,  174,  180,  181, 

182,  183,  185,  186,  187,  189,  208 


Smith,  John  William,  99 

Smith,  Robert,  330 

Smith,  Thomas,  168,  171 

Smith,  Thomas  Woodroffe,  297 

Smith,  William,  151 

Smith  son,  George,  92 

Smythe,  Alic3,  2t>2,  '253,  256 

Smythe,  Thomas,  252,  255,  256 

Smythe,  Sir  Thomas,  256 

Snellinge,  Sir  George,  91 

Society  for  Promoting  the  Gospel,  87 

Somerset,  Ann  Duchess  of,  50 

Somerset,  Charles,  91 

Somerset,  Edward  Seymour,  Duke  of,   50, 

273 

Soulby,  — ,  122 
Sowerby,  Thomas,  187 
Spalato,  Archbishop  of,  270 
Sparrow,  — ,  150,  151 
Spencer,  Alice  Lady,  70,  96,  260 
Spencer,  Lady  Anne,  94 
Spencer,  Elizabeth,  98,  260 
Spencer,  James,  235 
Spencer,  Sir  John,  70,  93,  96,  114,  216, 

221,    258-69,    332,    333,    377,    379, 

380 

Spencer,  Richard,  258 
Spencer,  Robert,  100 
Sprackling,  Mrs.,  156 
Spurstow,  — ,86 
Spurstow,  Alderman,  99 
Spurstow,  Henry,  98 
Spurstow,  Susanna,  97 
Stafferton,  Richard,  19 
Stafford,  Lord,  304 
Stampe,  Isabel,  11,  12,  13,  22 
Standish,  Dr.  John,  98 
Stanhope,  — ,  2'21 
Stanhope,  Ann,  93 
Stanhope,  Anne  Lady,  93 
Stanhope,  Edward,  93,  176 
Stanhope,  Sir  Edward,  50 
Stanhope,  Elizabeth,  93 
Stanhope,  Michael,  50,  91,  93,  176 
Stanhope,  Sir  Michael,  93 
Stanhope,  Secretary,  304 
Stanhope,  Sir  Thomas,  240 
Stanley,  Walter,  240 
Stanyer,  Sir  Samuel,  98 
Staper,  Richard,  378,  381,  435 
Staverton,  John,  24 
Staverton,  Richard,  13,  24,  25,  35 
Stephens,  Rev.  George,  348,  354 
Sterne,  Anne,  91 
Sterne,  Robert,  91 
Stert,  Arthur,  99 
Stert,  Richard,  134 
Stevens,  — ,  157 
Stewardson,  — ,  216 
Stiles,  Sir  John  Haskyns  Eyles,  99 
Stinton,  George,  132 
Stinton,  Mrs.,  132 
Stockton,  Sir  John,  230 
Stone,  — ,  77 
Stone,  Edmund,  102 
Stone,  James,  82,  208 
Stone,  John,  133 


452 


Index.  . 


Stoughton,  Mary,  92 

Stow,  John,  3,  5,  29,  35,  61,  74,  227,  228, 
229,  230,  231,  235,  242,243,  246,  248, 
250,  252,  272,  280,  281,  283,  293,  332, 
333,  379 

Strangford,  Viscount,  256 

Strype,  Rev.  John,  48,  246,  248,  252 

Sturdye,  Guy,  30,  33 

Styles,  Benjamin  Haskin,  328 

Styles,  Sir  Francis  Haskin  Eyles,  328 

Styles,  Joseph  Haskin,  327,  328 

Styles,  Mary,  328 

Styles,  Sarah,  98 

Sully,  Duke  of,  263 

Sumner,  Richard,  207 

Suzan,  Cislye,  91 

Sybbald,  Rev.  John,  54 

Sympson,  Rev.  Peter,  99 

Symson,  Rev.  Matthias,  99 


rjlAME,  —,139 

-1-  Tame,  Captain,  140 

Tate,  Richard,  35 

Tatham,  John,  323 

Taverner,  Richard,  35 

Tayler,  Ferdinando,  93 

Tayler,  Richard,  93 

Taylor,  Edward,  274 

Taylor,  Margaret,  435 

Taylour,  George,  32 

Teasdale,  — ,  378 

Tennison,  Ann,  95 

Tennison,  Bishop,  95,  110,  111 

Tennison,  Norbury,  95 

Tennison,  Dr.  Richard,  55 

Thelwall,  Edward,  278 

Theodore,  4 

Thomas,  Rev.  Sir,  54 

Thompson,  — ,  270 

Thompson,  Benjamin,  135 

Thompson,  Lucy,  92 

Thomson,  Sir  W.,  328 

Thornton,  — ,  195 

Thrift,  Marian,  269 

Thruckstone,  John,  145,  146,  161 

Thruston,  John,  274 

Thurgood,  John,  19 

Thynne,  Sir  John,  426 

Tillotson,  Archbishop,  320 

Timbs,  John,  221 

Tindal,  Felix,  91 

Tinkler,  — ,  216 

Toovey,   Dr.   George,    55,  169,  170,  171, 

178,  183,  187 
Toplady,  — ,  340 
Townsend,  Rev.  — ,54 
Townsend,  George  H.,  46,  425 
Townsend,  James,  192 
Townsend,  Susanna,  99 
Tracthall,  Alice,  11,  12,  21 
Triebner,  Rev.  C.  P.,  348 
Tristram,  John,  176 
Troughton,  Bryan,  95 
Troughton,  Martha,  95 
Trumbull,  — ,  265,  266 


Trundle,  Thomas,  89,  174,  204,  217 
Tryon.  Moses,  84,  97 
!    Tryon,  Mrs.,  86,  98 
Tryon,  Peter,  97 
Tudor,  Katharine,  278 
Tuff,  —,  157,  160 
Tufnel,  — ,  378 

Tullibardine,  Earl  of,  97,  302,  303 
Turner,  — ,  119 
Turner,  Bridget,  93 
Turner,  Peter,  93 
Turner,  Thomas,  92 
Tumor,  Dr.,  93 
Turstin,  Archbishop,  4 
Tyndall,  Dr.,  299 
Tysen,  —,193 
Tyson  &  Co.,  Messrs.,  216 


TTMPTON,  Jasper,  100,  101 
u      Underwood,  — ,  219,  348 
Underwood,  Thomas,  102 
Upwood,  John,  193 
Urswyk,  Thomas,  228 
Usher,  Dr.,  271 


,  — ,  221 
Vance,  Thomas,  436 
Vanloo,  J.  Baptist,  328 
Vanlore,  Ann,  301 
Vanlore,  Sir  Peter,  301 
Van  Mildert,  Abraham,  95 
Van  Mildert,  Anne,  95 
Van  Mildert,  Cornelius,  95 
Varty,  — ,  216 
Vaughan,  Abigail,  435 
Vaughan,  Hugh,  33 
Venables,  George,  203 
Viner,  Sir  Thomas,  86,  98 
Viotti,  — ,213 


TI7ADMORE,  j.  p.,  379 
V"       Waghan,  Edward,  17 
Wakeman,  Hanah,  131 
Walfrid,  4 

Walker,  — ,  160,  165 
Walker,  Rev.  — ,  54 
Walker,  Dr.,  354 
Walker,  William,  162 
Wallis,  Dr.,  317 
Wallop,  Sir  John,  243 
Walpole,  — ,  294 
Walpole,  Horace,  307 
Walsingham,  Mrs.  Boyle,  267 
Walsingham,  Sir  Francis,  312 
Walter,  Henry,  4 
Walton,  Isaac,  296 
Warberton,  Elizabeth,  94 
Warberton,  Robert,  94 
Ward,  Henry,  76,  184,  200 
Ward,  Henry  William,  77,  96 
Ward.  John,  208,  228,  272 
Ward,  Seth,  318 


Index. 


453 


Ward,  Susan,  96 

Ward,  Susan  Lydia,  96 

Wardner,  — ,  222 

Ware,  Nathaniel,  77,  148 

Warr,  Thomas,  92 

Warrand,  — ,  163 

Warren,  — ,  129,  250 

Warwick,  Earl  of,  349 

Washbourne,  Agnes,  94 

Washbourne,  Herriott,  94 

Washbourne,  Samuel,  94 

Watkins,  Thomas,  189,  205,  208 

Watson,  — ,  102,  103 

Watson,  Elizabeth,  33 

Watson,  Rev.  Thomas,  333,  338-9,  340 

Watts,  Dr.,  343 

Watts,  Rev.  Robert,  55,  202,   203,   204, 

206,  404,  406,  407,  409 
Webb,  — ,  142 
Webber,  William,  88,  181 
Wedon,  Joan,  250 
Weever,  John,  6,  7,  69 
Wellcome,  Robbis,  &  Co.,  Messrs.,  226 
Wells,  — ,  172,  173,  174,  175 
Wells,  John,  180 
Wentworth,  Thomas  Lord,  260 
Wesley,  John,  351,  355 
Wesley,  Rev.  Samuel,  351 
Westcomb,  — ,108 
Whiddon,  Anne,  239 
Whiddon,  John,  239 
White,  — ,  125,  132 
White,  Foster,  377 
White,  Henry,  135 
White,  John,  271 
Whitefield,  — ,  354,  355 
Whitehead,  — ,  208 
Whitehead,  Ann,  197 
Whitehead,  Richard,  189,  197,  204,  205, 

207 

Whitlock,  Boulstrod  Lord,  94 
Whitlock,  Mary  Lady,  94 
Whitlock,  Samuel,  94 
Whittenbury,    — ,    78,    207,    208,    218, 

219 

Whittingham,  Henry,  85 
Whyte,  Sir  Thomas,  249 
Wight,  Thomas,  378 
Wilds,  — ,  85 
Wilford,  Sir  Thomas,  259 
Wilkins,  Dr.,  317,  319 
Wilkinson,  — ,  28 
Wilkinson,  — ,  307 
Willes,  Rev.  Samuel,  54 
William,  5 
William  I.,  325 
William  III.,  240 
William  de  Basing,  5 
William  de  Cain,  4 
William  the  Archdeacon,  4 
William  the  Founder,  5 
William  the  Goldsmith,  5 
William  the  Master,  4 
Williams,  — ,  97,  115,  207 
Williams,  Daniel,  83,  224 
Williams,  Dr.,  345 
Williams,  Dr.  John,  111 


Williams,  John,  211,  379 

Williams',  Margaret,  73,  380 

Williams,  Morgan,  241 

Williams,  Sir  Richard,  33,  35,  47,  241-3 

Williams,  Susan,  379 

Williams,  Thomas,  73,  380 

Williams,  William  Meade,  379 

Williamson,  Thomas,  107,  108 

Willimott,  — ,  160 

Willis,  Caleb,  314,  315 

Willis,  Elizabeth,  95 

Willis,  Joseph,  95 

Willis,  Rev.  Thomas,  55,  95,  98,  111,  114, 

118,  119,  120,  121,  319 
Willrnott,  — ,  156 
Willoughby,  Lady  Anne,  93 
Willoughby,  Helen  Lady,  96 
Willoughby,  Sir  Rotherham,  93 
Willoughby,  William,  93 
Willoughby,  Sir  William,  96 
Wilson,  — ,  149,  347 
Wilson,  Alderman  Colonel,  379 
Wiltshire,  Earl  of,  296 
Winchester,  Paulec  Marquis  of,  276.  288, 

296 

Winchilsea,  Earl  of,  256 
Winfeild,  Frances,  95 
Winfeild,  John,  95 
Winfeild,  Rev.  Thomas,  95 
Winwood,  Sir  Ralph,  265,  266 
Wiseman,  Elizabeth,  94,  97 
Wiseman,  Margaret,  94 
Wiseman,  Thomas,  94 
Witham,  — ,  321 
Witham,  Margaret,  321 
Wix  &  Poynder,  Messrs.,  193 
Wodehous,  Alice,  11 
Wodehouse,  Lady,  292 
Woffington,  Margaret,  307 
Wolsey,  Cardinal,  5,  245 
Wotverston,  Richard,  19 
Wood,  Anthony  a,  269,  312,  313,  339 
Woodhouse,  Alice,  330 
Woodhouse,  Sir  Henry,  292 
Woodhouse,  John,  348,  351,  353 
Woods,  — ,  77 
Woods,  Thomas,  113,  114 
Wooles,  Thomas,  141,  142,  146 
Woolf,  — ,  99 
Woolfe,  —,86 
Woolfe,  Alderman,  126 
Woolfe,  John,  113 
Woolfe,  Sir  John,  98 
Woolfe,  Joseph,  98,  131 
Woolfe,  Sir  Joseph,  98,  127,  133 
Worcester,  Edward  Earl  of,  91,  96 
Worster,  Bishop  of,  222 
Wotton,  Sir  Henry,  296 
Wotton,  Nicholas,  273,  378,  881 
Wotton,  Thomas,  68 
Wren,  Sir  Christopher,  115 
Wright,  — ,  133 
Wright,  Rev.  James,  343 
Wright,  John,  86 
Wright,  Mary,  92,  219 
Wright,  Dr.  Samuel,  338,  343-4,  353 
Wriothesley,  Lord,  382,  383 


454 


Index. 


Wriothesley,  Sir  Thomas,  245,  382 
Wyatt,  Sir  Thomas,  248 
Wylde,  Joane,  94 
Wylde,  Rebecca,  94 
Wylde,  Richard,  94 
Wynarde,  Hugh,  19 
Wynestaneley,  Thomas,  27,  28 
Wynn,  Morris,  278 
Wynston,  Thomas,  27 


^IMENES,  Manoel,  132 


TTORK,  James  Duke  of,  283,  3i 
-1-      Younge,  — ,  128 


,  Don  Petrus  de,  312 


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